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Calauag, officially the Municipality of Calauag (Tagalog: [kaˈlaʊag]; Tagalog: Bayan ng Calauag), is a municipality in the province of Quezon, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 68,999 people.[5]

Key Information

History

[edit]

According to the writings of Valentin Martin in his "Ensayo de una sintesis de los trabajos realizados sos las corporaciones religiosas Españolas de Filipinas", the first record of the establishment of a settlement in Calauag dates as far as the year 1584. However, the formal founding of the town by Spanish conquistadors was placed in the year 1851 with the union of the settlements in Apad and Calauag.[6]

The first elected Captain of the town was Juan Sunog. In 1897 the town was placed the Revolutionary Government and Alipio Declaro became the Municipal President. In 1914 under Municipal President Marciano Roldan, the town was destroyed by fire for the first time in its history. On December 24, 1941, the town was occupied by the Japanese Imperial Army and on January 14, 1942, the town was again destroyed by fire. On April 19, 1945, the United States and Filipino forces liberated the town from Japanese occupation. The general headquarters of the Philippine Army and Constabulary under the Commonwealth regime was built and station in Calauag during and after the war from 1945 to 1946 against the possible remaining Japanese Armies.

Lost barangays to Bicol

[edit]

Calauag experienced a big controversy due to a decade-long boundary dispute with the neighboring town of Santa Elena in the province of Camarines Norte, which resulted in a Supreme Court case, Presidential intervention, and the loss of a quarter of its land area. The disputed barangays were:

  • Don Tomas
  • Guitol
  • Kabuluan (alternatively spelled as Cabuluan in Tayabas Tagalog)
  • Kagtalaba
  • Maulawin
  • Plaridel (alternatively known as Macahadoc)
  • Patag Ibaba
  • Patag Iraya (alternatively spelled as Ilaya in Tayabas Tagalog)
  • Tabugon
Map of Camarines Norte in 1918 which excluded the eight barangays of Calauag, apart from Kagtalaba.

On October 14, 1991, the Provincial Government of Quezon and Municipal Government of Calauag ordered the demolition of a boundary marker installed by the DENR. In October 1995, then-President Fidel V. Ramos came to Calauag to meet with local officials to resolve the boundary dispute between the two provinces and surveyed the whole disputed area. Calauag retained its jurisdiction. However, the case was elevated to the Supreme Court. The Case of Province of Quezon vs. Province of Camarines Norte eventually ruled in favor of Camarines Norte and Calauag ceased its political jurisdiction on the said barangays.[7]

Geography

[edit]

Calauag is located on the north-eastern end of Tayabas Isthmus. The Daang Maharlika or Pan-Philippine Highway runs at the town after Lopez in Southbound and after Santa Elena at the Northbound or from Manila. At the north end of Quirino Highway, it meets Daang Maharlika in Barangay Tabugon. It also meets the north end of Guinayangan Provincial Road which also meets Daang Maharlika in Barangay Sumulong. It is bounded to the north-west by Calauag Bay, south-west by Lopez, to the east by Guinayangan, and to the north by Basiad Bay and Tinig Bay; it is separated from Alabat Island by a kilometer narrow straight.

Calauag is 227 kilometres (141 mi) southeast of Manila and 97 kilometres (60 mi) east from provincial capital Lucena.

Barangays

[edit]

Calauag is politically subdivided into 81 barangays, as indicated below. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

  • Agoho
  • Anahawan
  • Anas
  • Apad Lutao
  • Apad Quezon
  • Apad Taisan
  • Atulayan
  • Baclaran (Poblacion)
  • Bagong Silang
  • Balibago
  • Bangkuruhan
  • Bantolinao
  • Barangay Uno (Poblacion)
  • Barangay Dos (Poblacion)
  • Barangay Tres (Poblacion)
  • Barangay Cuatro (Poblacion)
  • Barangay Cinco (Poblacion)
  • Bigaan
  • Binutas (Santa Brigida)
  • Biyan
  • Bukal
  • Buli
  • Dapdap
  • Dominlog
  • Doña Aurora
  • Guinosayan
  • Ipil
  • Kalibo (Santa Cruz)
  • Kapaluhan
  • Katangtang
  • Kigtan
  • Kinamaligan
  • Kinalin Ibaba
  • Kinalin Ilaya
  • Kumaludkud
  • Kunalum
  • Kuyaoyao
  • Lagay
  • Lainglaingan
  • Lungib
  • Mabini
  • Madlangdungan
  • Maglipad (Rosario)
  • Maligaya
  • Mambaling
  • Manhulugin
  • Marilag (Punaya)
  • Mulay
  • Pandanan
  • Pansol
  • Patihan
  • Pinagbayanan (Poblacion)
  • Pinagkamaligan (Poblacion)
  • Pinagsakayan[8]
  • Pinagtalleran (Poblacion)
  • Rizal Ibaba
  • Rizal Ilaya
  • Sabang Uno (Poblacion)
  • Sabang Dos (Poblacion)
  • Salvacion
  • San Quintin
  • San Roque Ibaba
  • San Roque Ilaya
  • Santa Cecilia
  • Santa Maria (Poblacion)
  • Santa Milagrosa
  • Santa Rosa
  • Santo Angel
  • Santo Domingo
  • Sinag
  • Sumilang
  • Sumulong
  • Tabansak
  • Talingting
  • Tamis
  • Tikiwan
  • Tiniguiban
  • Villa Magsino
  • Villa San Isidro
  • Viñas
  • Yaganak

Town proper

[edit]

The town center (poblacion) consists of 12 barangays and 11 blocks from the PNR Station in the east to Pinagkamaligan ES on the west. Going west from Barangay Pinagtalleran via Quezon Street, there are five blocks of high concentration of shops, groceries, and banks.

The Government Center is located in the south of the town which consists of Municipal Hall which houses the City Library, Fire Station, Police Station and Precinct, and the Municipal Council building. Quezon Plaza is a well-used spot for programs and events. The Livelihood Center is two blocks away from the plaza and Quezon Street. Central Park is also located in front of the plaza and the City Hall.

Land area

[edit]

Calauag has a land area size of 324.71 km2 (125.37 sq mi). Its land is three times bigger than San Francisco, California 121.51 km2 (46.91 sq mi) and almost half-smaller than the size of Singapore 728.3 km2 (281.2 sq mi).

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Calauag, Quezon
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 26
(79) 		27
(81) 		29
(84) 		31
(88) 		31
(88) 		30
(86) 		29
(84) 		29
(84) 		29
(84) 		29
(84) 		28
(82) 		27
(81) 		29
(84)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 22
(72) 		22
(72) 		22
(72) 		23
(73) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		23
(73) 		23
(74)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 51
(2.0) 		35
(1.4) 		37
(1.5) 		39
(1.5) 		91
(3.6) 		131
(5.2) 		168
(6.6) 		132
(5.2) 		162
(6.4) 		184
(7.2) 		166
(6.5) 		101
(4.0) 		1,297
(51.1)
Average rainy days 13.4 10.5 11.8 12.0 19.8 24.1 26.7 25.1 25.3 23.9 21.2 17.6 231.4
Source: Meteoblue[9]

Calauag has a tropical climate. It falls under the Type IV Tropical Climate which has rainfall is more or less evenly distributed throughout the year. Rainy season must be expected from end of May to last week of December.

Demographics

[edit]
Population census of Calauag
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 3,185—    
1918 6,195+4.54%
1939 13,629+3.83%
1948 16,875+2.40%
1960 37,101+6.78%
1970 49,113+2.84%
1975 54,035+1.93%
1980 57,907+1.39%
1990 64,856+1.14%
1995 60,941−1.16%
2000 65,907+1.69%
2007 69,475+0.73%
2010 69,223−0.13%
2015 73,139+1.05%
2020 71,809−0.39%
2024 68,999−0.95%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[10][11][12][13][14]

Economy

[edit]

Poverty incidence of Calauag

10
20
30
40
50
60
2000
50.84
2003
42.43
2006
43.40
2009
25.76
2012
28.11
2015
24.45
2018
9.77
2021
21.10

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]

Calauag has an agricultural-based economy. Most economic activity happens in the municipal market and its vicinity. Most agricultural products are coconut-based and followed by rice, corn, fish, crabs and other seafoods. It is currently classified as First class-municipality.[23]

Government

[edit]

Local government

[edit]
Main article: Sangguniang Bayan

The mayor for the 2022-2025 term is Rosalina O. Visorde. Leah Dela Cruz is the town's incumbent vice mayor. Under the 1987 Constitution, the mayor is restricted to three consecutive terms with three years per term, although a mayor can be elected again after an interruption of term. The mayor has the direct control of the departments while the Municipal Administrator is indirectly in charge of all departments of the Municipal Government while the Vice Mayor is in charge of the Sangguniang Bayan (Municipal Council) which consists of seven Councilors and one Municipal Sangguniang Kabataan/SK (Youth Council) Chairman and one President of Liga ng mga Barangay (Barangay League) which are elected every three years and Municipal Administrator is appointed by the seating municipal mayor.

Congressional and provincial legislators

[edit]

In the 19th Congress of the House of Representatives, Calauag is Represented by Keith Micah Tan of the 4th Congressional District of Quezon. The former disputed nine barangays are under Camarines Norte's 1st congressional district, Represented by Josefina "Josie" B. Tallado.

In the Provincial Board, Calauag, together with the other municipalities of 4th District of Quezon is represented by three elected board members for the term of 2022 to 2025: Roderick "Derick" Magbuhos of Atimonan, Harold Butardo of Guinayangan and Isaias Ubana II of Lopez, and are members of ruling Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC). Provincial Councilors' League also has a seat in the Provincial Board, represented by Angelo "Ola" Eduarte, also of NPC which hails from Calauag.

List of Former Chief Executives

[edit]
# Term Chief Executive Political Party Others:
(Position and origin)
Spanish Era
1 1851 Juan "Juan Sunog" Parcero NA Atimonan
2 1851 Pascual Siazon NA Apad
3 1852 Benito Jorbina NA Calauag
4 1853 Antonio Cerilla NA Apad
5 1854 Eustaquio Geneblazo NA Atimonan
6 1855 Pantaleon Cerdinia NA Apad
7 1856 Pedro Juaris NA Nueva Cáceres
8 1857 Vicente Penidles NA Apad
9 1858 Marciano Junillis NA Nueva Cáceres
10 1859 Agapito Jorbina NA Calauag
11 1860 Arcadio Cerilla NA Apad
12 1861 Felipe Labiste NA Libmanan
13 1862 Benito Jorbina NA 2nd Term, Apad
14 1863–1864 Pantaleon Jorbina NA Apad
15 1865–1866 Domingo Jorbina NA Calauag
16 1867 Antonio Uransa NA Gumaca
17 1868 Lucas Dela Costa NA Mauban
18 1869–1870 Domingo Jovida NA Calauag
19 1871–1872 Raymundo Locido NA First Term, Apad
20 1873–1874 Antonio Lerum NA Apad
21 1875–1876 Raymundo Locido NA 2nd Term, Apad
22 1877–1878 Canuto Escolano NA Apad
23 1879–1880 Juan Geneblazo NA Calauag
24 1881–1882 Severino Villafranca NA
25 1883–1886 Juan Enteria NA Gumaca
26 1887–1888 Sinfroso Matos NA Gumaca
27 1889 Raymundo Daroga NA Gumaca
28 1890–1891 Pedro Segui NA Gumaca
29 1892–1893 Sebastián Uransa NA Gumaca, Maura Law passed on 1893
30 1894 Antonio Lerum NA 2nd Term, Apad
31 1895–1896 Tomás Rañola NA Last Capitán Municipal, Lucban
Philippine Revolution
32 1897–1899 Alipio Declaro NA First Municipal President. Mauban
33 1900 Juan Lerum NA Calauag
34 1901–1903 Hilario Cantre NA Cantre Street named after him in Barangay Poblacion Tres. Gumaca
35 1904–1905 Felix Jubilo NA Calauag
36 1906–1907 León Tañada NA Tañada Street named after him in Barangay Poblacion Dos. Gumaca
American Civil Government
37 1908–1909 Basilio De Guzman NA De Guzman Street in Barangay Poblacion Dos named after him. Gumaca
38 1910–1912 Arcadio Vera Cruz NA Vera Cruz Street in Barangay Poblacion Uno named after him. Atimonan
39 1913–1916 Marciano Roldan NA Roldan Street in Barangay Poblacion Tres named after him. Boac
40 1916–1922 Pedro Pica NA Atimonan
41 1922–1925 Espiridion Argüelles NA Arguelles Street in Barangay Poblacion Uno named after him. Calauag
42 1925–1928 Armando C. Villaverde NA Calauag
43 1928–1931 Donato O. Cabangon NA Calauag
44 1931–1934 Jacinto Lerum NA Calauag
Commonwealth Era
45 1934–1938 Tomás Bernabéu Morató Nacionalista Last Municipal President of Calauag, First Mayor of Quezon City. Morato Street in Town Proper named after him. Calauag
46 1938–1940 José Jiménez NA First Municipal Mayor. Calauag
Japanese-sponsored Philippines
47 1941–1947 Sisenando V. Villarubia NA Japanese Occupation Mayor of Calauag. Town proper raged with fire during his reign due to war. Villarubia Street in Town Proper named after him. Atimonan
Third Republic
Enactment of R.A. No. 14 which renamed the Province of Tayabas to Quezon[24]
48 1948–1951 Arturo Morató Liberal Also became Mayor of Tagkawayan. Calauag
49 January–April 1952 Cirilo Pareja NA Atimonan
50 April 1952 – 1955 Simon Leonor NA Calauag
51 January 1956 – December 1959 Edgardo S. Cabangon Liberal First Term. Cabangon Street in Barangay Poblacion Cuatro named after him. Calauag
52 January 1960 – December 1964 Marceliano C. Parcero NA Calauag
Philippines under Martial Law
53 January 1965 – February 3, 1982 Edgardo S. Cabangon Liberal Second Term. Mayor during Marcos dictatorship. Assassinated.
KBL
54 February 4, 1982 – February 15, 1986 Julio U. Lim, M.D. UNIDO Removed from Office due to EDSA People Power Revolution. Calauag
People Power Revolution, Restoration of Democratic Government
55 February 16, 1986 – December 1987 Rogelio Regala Liberal Officer in charge. Calauag became first-class municipality. Calauag
5th Republic
56 February 2, 1988 – December 30, 1995 Julio U. Lim, M.D. Liberal East Quezon occupied by Camarines Norte. Camarines Norte v. Province of Quezon ruled that East Quezon belongs to Santa Elena. Second Term.
57 June 30, 1995 – June 30, 2004 Pedro C. Inofre Independent Calauag
58 June 30, 2004 – June 30, 2010 Eric N. Entienza Lakas–CMD Calauag recovered its status as first-class municipality. Calauag
59 June 30, 2010 – June 30, 2019 Luisito S. Visorde Liberal Incumbent. Calauag
NUP
NPC
60 July 1, 2019–June 30, 2025 Rosalina Visorde NPC Sariaya, Incumbent

[25]

Tourism

[edit]
Capaluhan Beach

Some of the notable attractions are:

  • Capaluhan Beach
  • Pulong Pasig Sandbar
  • Pangahoy Beach
  • Dapdap Beach
  • Santa Milagrosa Cave
  • Yaganak Hanging Bridge and Calauag Watershed Forest Reserve
  • Roma Point Bridge (under construction)
  • Calauag Central Park (Bonifacio Monument)
  • Calauag Rotonda
  • Plaza Quezon
  • The "C" Lighthouse
  • Quezon Canal
  • Calauag Municipal Library
  • Sabang Playground
  • Our Lady of Fatima Parish

Churches

[edit]
  • San Pedro Apóstol Parish (est.1846)
  • Espíritu Santo Parish (est.2007)
  • Nuestra Señora de Fátima Parish (est.2009)

Infrastructure

[edit]

Transportation

[edit]

Buses

[edit]
A bus terminal near Calauag Rotonda

Calauag is accessible by Bus Transportation through inter-city buses with signboards plying to Calauag and Bicol Region. Preferable bus companies plying to 4th District servicing the town are AB Liner, Barney Auto Lines, both with terminals in the town. Superlines, Daet Express and DLTBCo also unloads passenger at the town. Raymond Transportation, mostly bound for Bicol makes a short stopover at the town, being its headquarters and its historical route.

Railways

[edit]

PNR Calauag Station (KM 243) is currently idle and the Intercity Service of PNR is currently defunct.

Roads and Waterways

[edit]

Tourists are advised to take Tricycles as primary mode of transportation around the town. Cycling is also a common form of personal transportation in the town. Tollway nearest to Calauag is Ibaan Exit of STAR Tollway (E2). Santo Tomas Exit of STAR Tollway (E2) is preferable, as it does not require a detour to interior of Batangas. All Buses currently exits at Calamba (Turbina) Exit of the South Luzon Expressway. Calauag soon will be serviced by Toll Road 4 Mayao Exit once the toll road fully opens. Toll Road 5 and Quezon–Bicol Expressway are also planned to have exits for Calauag.

Utilities

[edit]

Quezon I Electric Cooperative[26] provides Electricity to the entire 3rd and 4th congressional districts of Quezon including barangays of Calauag lost to Bicol and Del Gallego, Camarines Sur. Calauag Water District (CWD) provides potable water to the residents of the Town Proper and nearby barangays (villages).[27] The Yaganak-Mambaling Dam is the sole source of water for the entire municipality and operated by Calauag Water District, under license to Local Water Utilities Administration. The Local, National Direct Dial and Fiber internet are provided by PLDT which absorbed the local franchise of the former Santos Telephone Corporation. The wireless network and internet are provided by national telecommunications companies PLDT (Smart), Globe and Dito. Cable Television and alternative Cable Internet is provided by local cable operator (Calauag CATV System), albeit without High-Definition Television and national satellite television providers (Cignal, G Sat, and previously prior to lapse of congressional franchise, SkyDirect).

Liquified petroleum gas meanwhile may be purchased per cylinder tanks in gasoline stations or in local distributors. Petroleum products, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and kerosene are imported to the municipality through local distributors of publicly listed oil companies Pilipinas Shell, Petron, and privately owned Chevron, operating under the name of Caltex, as well as independent player Uno Fuels with most stations located near the road junction of Rizal Street and locally known as Calauag rotunda and National Highway or AH1

Education

[edit]

There are two schools district offices which govern all educational institutions within the municipality. They oversee the management and operations of all private and public, from primary to secondary schools.[28] These are the Calauag East Schools District Office, and Calauag West Schools District Office. Public Schools are operated by the Department of Education, through Schools Division Office of Quezon.

Primary and elementary schools

[edit]
Calauag East Central Elementary School
  • Calauag East Central Elementary School (K-6) on Declaro Street, between Bonifacio Street and Rizal Street[29]
  • Froebelian School of Calauag, Inc. (K–Grade 6) on Barangay Cinco
  • Municipal Sector Elementary School (K-6) on Rizal Street beside the East Central Elementary School
  • Pinagkamaligan Elementary School (K-6) on Rizal Street Ext.
  • Sabang Elementary School (K-6) on Quezon Street Ext.
  • Santa Maria Elementary School (K-6) on Rizal Street

Secondary schools

[edit]
  • Calauag National High School (7-12/Junior High School-Senior High School) on Maharlika Highway[30]
  • Saint Peter's School (Catholic, Parochial School) (Junior High School)

Higher educational institutions

[edit]
  • Calauag Central College (K-12+College level) on Rizal Street corner Arguelles Street
  • Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Calauag Inc.( Junior highschool-College Level) on Maharlika Highway Brgy. Sta Maria Calauag, Quezon
  • Saint Peter's School (Catholic, Parochial School) (College level)
  • South Luzon State University, Calauag Extension Campus in New Municipal Hall Complex

Media

[edit]

Calauag and nearby towns were being served by Radyo Natin 100.9 FM.

Sister cities

[edit]

Historically, the sister cities of Calauag are Guinayangan, Tagkawayan (Daughter town of Guinayangan), and Buenavista (then Piris).

Notable personalities

[edit]
See also: Quezon § Notable people
[edit]
  • Saint Peter the Apostle Parish Church
    Saint Peter the Apostle Parish Church
  • Our Lady of Fatima Church
    Our Lady of Fatima Church
  • Camp Alfredo Santos in Rizal Ilaya
    Camp Alfredo Santos in Rizal Ilaya

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Calauag

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia

Calauag, officially the Municipality of Calauag, is a first-class coastal municipality in the province of , region, . As of the 2020 of and , it has a household population of 71,781, distributed across 81 barangays. The municipality spans a land area of 324.71 square kilometers, with a of 221 inhabitants per square kilometer. Situated approximately 227 kilometers southeast of along the eastern coast of , Calauag borders Lamon Bay and features a long shoreline that supports local fishing and coastal activities. Its economy is primarily agricultural, with significant reliance on crop production and related activities, supplemented by its urbanizing coastal features including beaches like Kapaluhan Beach and attractions such as Island's sandbar. Records indicate early settlement dating to 1584, reflecting its historical role in the region's development amid the Spanish colonial period.

History

Etymology and early settlement

The name Calauag derives from a local recounting the capture of a large , known in Tagalog as kala, near the town's coastal areas by early inhabitants; when the creature escaped into the sea despite attempts to slaughter it, observers exclaimed "ka-lauag", implying "it swam away" or "it spread out," which evolved into the place name. This etymological account, preserved in municipal lore and repeated in local histories, reflects pre-colonial familiarity with in the region's and shoreline environments, though no primary archaeological evidence confirms the specific incident. Pre-colonial Calauag formed part of the broader Tagalog territories in southern , inhabited by indigenous groups including Aeta-Dumagat hunter-gatherers who utilized the area's forests and coasts for sustenance, with no distinct tribal polity documented uniquely for the site. Early Spanish records indicate initial settlements emerged around coastal and riverine zones, with the first documented establishment of a community in Calauag dated to 1584, as noted in municipal archives citing a by Valentín Martín, predating formal provincial organization under (now ). These proto-settlements likely arose from migrations of lowland Tagalogs from nearby areas like Perez (now Buenavista) and Tikay (), integrating with original coastal dwellers engaged in fishing and rudimentary agriculture. The formal founding of Calauag as a Spanish-era pueblo occurred in 1851, consolidating prior dispersed settlements in Apad and Calauag proper under colonial administration to facilitate tribute collection and evangelization, as per provincial records; this unification marked the transition from informal barangay clusters to a structured municipality within Tayabas province. Earlier references to a 1581 union in some accounts may reflect informal alliances rather than official status, given the lag between Spanish exploration and administrative formalization in remote Pacific-facing areas. By this period, the population centered on basic agrarian and maritime economies, with initial leadership under figures like the first elected capitán Juan Sunog amid revolutionary stirrings in 1897.

Colonial and post-colonial periods

The earliest recorded settlement in Calauag dates to 1584, during the Spanish colonial era, as documented in municipal archives and historical treatises. Formal establishment of the town occurred on June 13, 1851, through the union of the Apad and Calauag settlements for protection against Moro raids. The Parish of St. Peter the Apostle was founded in 1846, marking early ecclesiastical organization under Spanish rule, with subsequent church constructions reflecting colonial architectural influences. During the , Calauag came under the Revolutionary Government in 1897, with Alipio Declaro elected as the first local mayor; the town experienced destruction for the first time in its history amid the conflicts. Following the Spanish-American War, the area transitioned to U.S. colonial administration as part of Province (later ). Japanese forces occupied Calauag on December 24, 1941, during , imposing harsh control until liberation by American and Filipino forces on April 19, 1945. In the post-colonial period after Philippine independence in 1946, Calauag functioned as a within Province, undergoing reclassification as a second-class based on economic and criteria. Reconstruction efforts post-liberation focused on rebuilding damaged during the , integrating the locality into the national development framework while maintaining agricultural and trade-based . Specific post-1946 events remain sparsely documented in available records, with emphasizing local under the Philippine Republic's municipal system.

Boundary dispute with Santa Elena

A long-standing boundary dispute arose between Calauag in Quezon Province and Santa Elena in Camarines Norte Province over an approximately 8,762-hectare territory, which included nine barangays previously administered by Calauag. The conflict stemmed from ambiguous provincial boundaries dating back to earlier administrative delineations, with a 1922 decision by the Executive Bureau of the Department of the Interior favoring Camarines Norte's claim, though Quezon Province continued to assert jurisdiction. Amicable settlement attempts, including one in 1987, failed to resolve the issue. In the case Province of Camarines Norte v. Province of Quezon (G.R. No. 80796), the Supreme Court on November 8, 1989, upheld the 1922 Executive Bureau decision, affirming Camarines Norte's jurisdiction over the disputed area and directing Quezon Province to immediately cease exercising any authority there. The ruling specified the transfer of the following barangays from Calauag to Santa Elena: Kagtalaba, Plaridel, Kabuluan, Don Tomas, Guitol, Tabugon, Maualawin, Patag Ibaba, and Patag Iraya. The decision became final and executory on March 19, 1990, prompting the Department of Budget and Management to reallocate the Internal Revenue Allotment for these barangays to Santa Elena starting in fiscal year 1994, along with transfers of voter lists by the Commission on Elections and school administration by the Department of Education. Subsequent implementation faced resistance when, on October 14, 1991, Governor Eduardo T. Rodriguez and Calauag Mayor Julio U. Lim directed the removal of a erected by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources to demarcate the resolved line. This action led to file a petition against them. On October 11, 2001, the granted the petition in the consolidated cases (G.R. Nos. 80796 and 132885), finding Rodriguez and Lim guilty of indirect , imposing fines of ₱1,000 each, and ordering the reinstallation of the marker within 10 days. The Court also dismissed 's related petition for , upholding resolutions by the Commission on Elections that recognized the barangays' affiliation with . The resolution of the dispute reduced Calauag's land area but established a definitive provincial boundary, based on historical executive determinations and rather than ongoing local assertions.

Geography

Location and physical features

Calauag is a coastal municipality in the province of , Calabarzon region, situated on the southeastern part of island in the . It borders Lamon Bay, an arm of the , to the east, providing access to marine resources and influencing local and . The municipality is positioned at coordinates 13°57′N 122°17′E, with its at an elevation of approximately 7.4 meters above . Calauag is bounded on the south by Lopez, on the southwest by , and on the west by and , all within province; its northern and eastern limits approach the boundary with in the . The total land area spans 324.71 square kilometers, comprising 3.71% of Quezon's provincial area. The terrain features a mix of coastal plains, rolling hills, and inland elevations, with an average height of 34 meters above . Physical landscapes include low-lying areas near the bay transitioning to higher ground inland, as depicted in regional topographic surveys. The Calauag flows through the municipality, supporting but also posing risks during heavy rains, as mapped in studies.

Administrative divisions

Calauag is politically subdivided into 81 , the basic political or administrative division in the . These barangays encompass both urban and rural areas, with the (town proper) comprising several central ones, including Barangay I (Santa Maria), Barangay II, Barangay III, Barangay IV, Barangay V, and . The urban core, covering approximately 81.16 hectares, is concentrated in these barangays, which house key municipal facilities and serve as the commercial hub. While the 81 barangays represent Calauag's current jurisdiction under province, historical records note nine additional barangays previously administered by Calauag but transferred to Santa Elena municipality in following boundary resolutions, excluding them from the present count. governance follows the standard Philippine structure, with elected officials including a , councilors, and a handling local administration, public services, and .

Climate and environmental risks

Calauag experiences a , with high temperatures averaging 28.7°C annually and significant rainfall concentrated in the from June to October. Average highs reach 32°C during the hottest months of to May, accompanied by high year-round. The dry season, from November to May, features lower precipitation but remains mostly cloudy and windy. The municipality faces substantial environmental risks from tropical cyclones, which frequently impact Quezon Province and cause flooding along the Calauag River. LiDAR-based flood mapping indicates that approximately 1,229 hectares are vulnerable to inundation under a 5-year , with 1,308 hectares at risk under a 25-year , particularly affecting low-lying areas and like bridges. Storm surges and heavy rains exacerbate these floods, submerging roads and displacing residents during events. Seismic activity poses another hazard, as evidenced by the March 17, 1973, magnitude 7.0 earthquake centered in Ragay Gulf, which generated intensity VII shaking in Calauag, resulting in structural damage and contributing to 15 deaths across affected Quezon municipalities. Deforestation has compounded vulnerability, with Calauag losing 1.83 thousand hectares of tree cover between 2001 and 2024—equivalent to 6.5% of its 2000 forest extent—and emitting 1.08 million tons of CO₂ equivalent. In coastal barangays like Santo Angel, mangrove degradation heightens risks from erosion and storm impacts, reducing natural barriers against hazards.

Demographics

As of the 2020 Census of Population and Housing, Calauag recorded a total of 71,809, marking a slight decline from the 73,043 in 2015. This represents 3.68% of province's total and 0.44% of the national , with a of approximately 221 persons per square kilometer across its 324.71 square kilometers of land area. Historical data indicate robust long-term growth, with the population expanding from 3,185 in 1903—a figure reflecting early settlement patterns—to over 71,000 by 2020, driven by natural increase and migration within the region, though recent trends suggest slowing growth or out-migration amid economic pressures in rural areas.
Census YearPopulationAnnual Growth Rate (from prior census)
19033,185—
19186,195+4.54%
193913,629+3.83%
194816,875+2.40%
196037,101+6.99%
201573,043(data incomplete for interim)
202071,809-0.35% (2015-2020 average)
Demographically, the 2020 data reveal a of 104 males per 100 females, with males comprising 50.9% (36,552 individuals) and females 49.1% (35,229 individuals) of the total. The age distribution underscores a dependency on , with 33.0% (approximately 23,700 persons) under 15 years, 61.2% (about 44,000) in the productive 15-64 age bracket, and 5.8% (around 4,200) aged 65 and older—indicating potential future labor surpluses but current strains on education and family resources. The population remains predominantly rural, aligned with Quezon's agricultural base, though no granular ethnic breakdown is available beyond the province-wide dominance of Tagalog speakers and heritage.

Languages and cultural practices

The primary spoken in Calauag is Tagalog, which forms the basis of the Filipino and is used by the vast majority of residents in daily communication, education, and local governance. English serves as the secondary official language, employed in formal administration, schools, and commerce. In eastern Quezon Province, including areas near Calauag, minority indigenous groups speak Manide, a language with fewer than 3,800 speakers province-wide, though its use in Calauag remains limited and undocumented in census data. Cultural practices in Calauag revolve around fishing, agriculture, and Roman Catholic traditions, reflecting the community's reliance on coastal resources and strong familial bonds. The annual Alimango Festival, held on May 25 to mark the municipality's founding in 1578, celebrates the abundance of mud crabs (Scylla serrata) central to the local economy, featuring street dancing competitions, costumed parades, crab races, and cooking contests showcasing traditional seafood dishes. This event underscores sustainable fishing practices and communal feasting, drawing participants in crab-inspired attire to highlight marine heritage. Religious observances, including fiestas at Saint Peter the Apostle Parish Church honoring the patron saint, integrate processions, novenas, and masses that reinforce social cohesion and spiritual identity among predominantly Catholic residents. Family-centered customs, such as multi-generational home gatherings during harvests and holidays, persist alongside modern influences, preserving oral storytelling and reciprocal labor in rural barrios.

Religion and social structure

The population of Calauag is predominantly Roman Catholic, consistent with national trends where Roman Catholics comprise 78.8% of the household population according to the 2020 Census of Population and Housing conducted by the Philippine Statistics Authority. This dominance is reflected locally through established parishes, including the Saint Peter the Apostle Parish Church, founded in 1846 and serving as a central institution for worship and community gatherings. The parish falls under the Diocese of Gumaca, which oversees Catholic activities in the region. Minority religious groups include members of the , various Protestant denominations such as and Methodists, and Seventh-day Adventists, though they represent smaller shares of the population. Additional places of worship include the Our Lady of Fatima Parish in Apad and Protestant churches like the Bible Fellowship Baptist Church and Galilee . Catholicism exerts significant influence on social norms, emphasizing , moral conduct, and communal rituals such as baptisms, weddings, and funerals. Social structure in Calauag revolves around the unit, typical of rural Philippine communities, where networks provide mutual support in , , and daily life. The system serves as the basic administrative and social organization, fostering local governance and dispute resolution through community leaders and assemblies. Church-affiliated groups, such as Catholic women's leagues, play key roles in organizing fiestas and charitable activities, reinforcing communal bonds and cultural continuity. Traditional town fiestas, held in May to honor patron saints, exemplify these ties, blending religious observance with social festivities that include processions, feasts, and games. While indigenous groups like the Agta maintain distinct practices near the Calauag , the broader society integrates Tagalog-Filipino customs shaped by colonial-era Catholicism and agrarian lifestyles.

Economy

Agricultural and fishing sectors

Calauag's agricultural sector primarily involves crop cultivation suited to its lowland and upland areas, with and as staple productions mirroring provincial patterns, alongside emerging diversification into high-value crops. Cacao farming has been actively promoted in Calauag since at least 2020 as part of Province's efforts to establish it as a cacao hub in , targeting with existing palms to enhance farmer incomes. Vegetable production is organized through cooperatives such as the Calauag Vegetable Growers Association in Poblacion Tres, focusing on local market supply. Livestock raising includes poultry, with innovative operations like and farming in Bagong Silang demonstrating sustainable practices for meat production. The fishing sector depends on municipal operations in Calauag Bay, supporting coastal barangays through capture fisheries targeting demersal species, though overexploitation has prompted sustainability measures. Research indicates that sustainable yields could support around 1,100 of the bay's 1,500 fishers long-term, requiring at least 20% of the bay (150 km²) designated as no-take sanctuaries and reduced effort to prevent stock collapse. Aquaculture initiatives include a multi-species marine hatchery established by Republic Act No. 10946, aimed at broodstock production for species like milkfish and prawns to bolster local restocking. Seaweed farming receives support via propagule distributions from BFAR and NFRDI, as seen in 2022 efforts to expand Kappaphycus cultivation for export-oriented production.

Economic challenges and opportunities

Calauag's economy grapples with structural vulnerabilities stemming from heavy reliance on and fisheries, which constitute primary livelihoods but expose residents to recurrent natural disasters. Typhoons, frequent in province, have devastated farms—a staple crop—with damages exceeding millions of pesos and affecting thousands of farmers, necessitating shifts toward climate-resilient varieties for long-term viability. Limited diversification is evident in Calauag's 280th for active establishments in the 2024 Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness Index (CMCI), reflecting fewer formal enterprises and constrained local revenue generation beyond the ₱157.8 million recorded in 2016. Provincially, affects 17% of the workforce, exacerbating income instability in rural areas like Calauag despite a decline in Quezon's overall incidence to 6.9% in 2023. Opportunities for growth lie in Calauag's position along the (N1), which supports logistics and passenger transport via local bus terminals, positioning it as a transit hub in eastern . The local Negosyo Center aids micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) through streamlined registration, financing access, market linkages, and training under Republic Act No. 10644, fostering in a low-cost living environment ranked 22nd in the 2024 CMCI. High resiliency ranking (51st in CMCI) underscores against shocks, enabling investments in sustainable sectors. Emerging prospects include agri-tourism and eco-tourism, capitalizing on coastal assets like Kapaluhan Beach and inland farms to diversify beyond traditional outputs, in line with provincial strategies for sustainable . These initiatives could leverage the 60.9% economically active population (as of 2015) while addressing innovation gaps through targeted public-private partnerships.

Infrastructure for commerce

The , also known as Daang Maharlika and designated as , passes through Calauag, providing essential connectivity for the movement of agricultural products, fish, and other goods to regional markets and ports in Province. This primary arterial road links Calauag to neighboring municipalities like Lopez to the south and supports truck transport critical for local commerce, though periodic maintenance and upgrades are required due to heavy usage and weather exposure. The Calauag Public Market in Barangay 4 along Calauag Boulevard functions as the central hub for retail trade, accommodating vendors selling fresh , vegetables, and household goods sourced from local farms and fisheries. Daily operations facilitate direct producer-to-consumer transactions, bolstering small-scale , with expansions noted in recent years to handle increased volume from the area's agricultural output. Calauag in Barangay Juan Sunog serves as a key facility for the unloading, processing, and initial distribution of marine catches, enabling efficient supply chains for fish markets in and beyond. Adjacent to the public market, it supports the sector's contribution to local GDP by reducing spoilage through on-site handling. Bus terminals operated by companies such as Transportation, Bus, and A&B Liner are located within Calauag, offering regular services to Manila's PITX and intermediate stops, which aid in the transport of passengers and light essential for commercial linkages. These facilities, positioned along the national highway, streamline inter-regional by integrating passenger services with goods movement.

Government and administration

Local governance structure

Calauag operates under the framework of the Philippine Local Government Code of 1991 (Republic Act No. 7160), which establishes a decentralized system of governance for municipalities. The municipal government is divided into executive and legislative branches. The executive is headed by the elected , who holds primary responsibility for implementing ordinances, managing administrative operations, preparing the annual budget, and overseeing public services such as health, education, and infrastructure development. The mayor is assisted by an appointed municipal administrator and various department heads for finance, social welfare, and engineering. The legislative body, known as the , enacts municipal ordinances, approves budgets, and reviews mayoral vetoes. It comprises the vice mayor as presiding officer, eight members elected at-large every three years, and three ex-officio members: the president of the Association of Barangay Captains (ABC), the president of the (SK) Federation, and a representative from the ' sector if applicable under Republic Act No. 8371. The holds regular sessions and committees focused on appropriations, ways and means, and public works to ensure checks on executive power. At the grassroots level, Calauag is subdivided into 81 , the smallest administrative units, each governed by a elected every three years and a consisting of seven councilors. Barangay officials manage local disputes, maintain peace and order, deliver basic services like street lighting and solid , and mobilize community responses to emergencies. Funding for barangays derives from the municipal (IRA) share and local taxes, with oversight from the municipal government to align with broader development goals.

Elected officials and historical leadership

The current municipal administration of Calauag, serving from 2025 to 2028 following the May 12, 2025, local elections, is led by Rosalina O. Visorde, who secured re-election with approximately 64% of the vote in a field including Froilan Chua and Manding Mendoza. Vice Mayor Ate-Leah Dela Cruz was elected alongside her, defeating Bong Cemanes. The (municipal council) includes councilors such as Melvin J. Labasan and Razel John B. Barrera, elected to represent legislative interests including , , and public welfare.
PositionOfficial
MayorRosalina O. Visorde
Vice MayorLeah Dela Cruz
CouncilorMelvin J. Labasan
CouncilorRazel John B. Barrera
Historical leadership traces to the Spanish colonial period, with Juan Sunog serving as the first elected capitán (captain) of the . During the , the town fell under revolutionary control in 1897, appointing Alipio Declaro as the inaugural municipal president. Under American civil governance post-1901, presidents such as those from 1908–1916 managed local affairs amid transitions to democratic structures. Notable 20th-century mayors include Edgardo S. Cabañgon, who held office for 18 years from the mid-1960s until his on February 4, 1982, in an incident attributed to political rivalries in Province. Visorde's tenure represents continuity, having held the mayoralty prior to 2025, focusing on local development amid Quezon's provincial dynamics.

Public services and fiscal management

The Calauag Municipal Police Station, operating under the Quezon Police Provincial Office, provides law enforcement services with a contact number of (042) 788-1687. The station handles community policing, arrests, and support during evacuations, deploying personnel as needed for local emergencies. Public safety is further supported by the Bureau of Fire Protection Calauag Fire Station, located at the New Municipal Site in Barangay Pinagbayanan, reachable via emergency hotline (042) 788-3167 or mobile 0907-339-0444. The station responds to fire incidents and related hazards in the municipality. Health services are delivered through the Calauag Rural Health Unit in III (Poblacion), offering , TB detection and treatment, consultations with free reading glasses, and maternity services. The unit operates under the Municipal Health Office and coordinates with provincial health initiatives. Sanitation and fall under municipal oversight, with programs including waste segregation, collection, and disposal at a sanitary ; equipment for these operations occurred in 2025. Municipal Ordinance No. 28 of 2024 institutionalizes the solid framework, emphasizing community participation and environmental compliance. Fiscal operations in 2023 generated total income of PHP 282,428,015.94, derived mainly from the (IRA), local taxes, business and service fees, and other sources. The IRA constituted a primary revenue component, reflecting the municipality's classification and population-based allocation under national guidelines. The Commission on Audit's Annual Audit Report for 2023 reviewed these finances, noting receivables such as PHP 150,585.74 from the Provincial Government of for real collections. Management adheres to standards for LGU budgeting and reporting.

Infrastructure and utilities

Transportation networks

Calauag's transportation infrastructure centers on road networks, with the municipality situated along the , officially designated as National Route 1 () and Route 26 (AH26), known locally as the Highway. This primary north-south corridor connects Calauag to approximately 200 kilometers to the north and the [Bicol Region](/page/Bicol Region) to the south, facilitating the bulk of inter-regional travel and commerce through Province. The highway features a prominent rotonda in the town center for traffic distribution to local barangays and secondary roads. An secondary national primary route, the Andaya Highway (N68), also referred to as within , traverses Calauag and links it eastward to municipalities such as and , serving as an alternative path bypassing congested sections of the Maharlika Highway and extending toward . The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) maintains these national roads, with ongoing advisories for sections approaching Calauag due to rehabilitation works. Local feeder roads supplement the network, supporting agricultural transport from rural areas. Public road transport includes intercity buses operated by companies such as A&B Liner, Barney Autolines, and Transportation, departing from terminals like the Transport Corp. Terminal in Calauag for routes to Manila's PITX and other provinces. Within the municipality, jeepneys and tricycles provide intra-town and connectivity, with tricycles dominating short-haul trips due to narrow local roads. Maritime access is handled by the Calauag Port, a small harbor that also supports passenger boats to nearby sites like Pulong sandbar, approximately 2 hours by , though it lacks capacity for large-scale commercial shipping. No airport or airfield operates in Calauag; the nearest facilities are in Naga (WNP) or (MNL), over 100 kilometers away, requiring road travel for air connectivity.

Water, power, and communication systems

The Calauag Water District, established as a government-owned entity, manages the potable water supply for the municipality, drawing from 13 spring sources and one surface water source located in Barangay Yaganak, each permitted by the National Water Resources Board. The district's facilities are situated along Maharlika Highway in Barangay Santa Maria, with ongoing local government initiatives including tenders for rehabilitating systems in areas like Barangay Anas and constructing Level II systems in Barangay Lagay to expand access. Electricity distribution in Calauag is handled by Quezon I Electric Cooperative, Inc. (QUEZELCO I), a member-owned utility serving southern Province, including the municipality, with its main office in Barangay Poctol, Pitogo. The cooperative manages amid regional demand growth, reporting a 5.92% increase in to 43.45 MW province-wide in 2023, driven by expanding residential and commercial connections, though local outages occur for maintenance, such as those scheduled in 2025. Communication infrastructure relies on national telecommunications providers, with wireless and internet services offered by PLDT (via ), Globe Telecom, and DITO Telecommunity, following the 2011 interconnection of major networks in Province that enhanced local coverage and supported service sector expansion. Cable television options are also available through alternative providers, though specific cell tower or broadband deployment details for Calauag remain tied to broader provincial networks.

Education and human capital

Educational institutions

Calauag's educational institutions primarily consist of public elementary and secondary schools under the Department of Education's Schools Division Office of , supplemented by private schools offering pre-school through . The Calauag East District oversees 22 public schools and 8 private schools, focusing on with senior high school programs implemented since the K-12 rollout. Public elementary education is provided by institutions such as Calauag East Central Elementary School, serving central areas of the municipality. Secondary education includes Calauag National High School and Tiniguiban Rural High School, the latter located in the Tiniguiban barangay and offering senior high school tracks. Private institutions dominate higher education options. Calauag Central College, Inc., the oldest school in Calauag, was established prior to 1947 and offers pre-school, elementary, junior high, senior high (with ABM, HUMSS, and TVL strands), and tertiary programs including Bachelor of Elementary Education and Bachelor of Secondary Education; its first graduating class occurred in the 1947-1948 school year. Saint Peter's School (Calauag), Inc., provides junior high, senior high (GAS strand), and college-level instruction. Other private elementary and secondary options include Froebelian School of Calauag, Inc. Higher education remains limited to local colleges without affiliated universities from larger institutions like Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, which operates affiliates elsewhere in province but not in Calauag. Enrollment and infrastructure details vary, with public schools emphasizing inclusive learning and academic performance, as seen in district competitions.

Literacy and development initiatives

The Department of Education (DepEd) in Calauag implements programs targeted at improving basic skills among elementary and secondary learners. In the Calauag East , the ARAL Program provides tutorial sessions to address reading deficiencies, focusing on struggling students to bridge learning gaps. Nutritional support initiatives complement literacy efforts by enhancing . For the 2025-2026 school year, DepEd Region IV-A and the Schools Division Office (SDO) launched the "Lakas sa Gatas" milk feeding campaign at Calauag East schools, aiming to improve attendance and academic performance through better health. Digital literacy and infrastructure development have been prioritized since 2010, when the Calauag West District began the DepEd Computerization Program, equipping secondary schools with ICT resources to foster technological proficiency. Teacher training on inclusive strategies, conducted across Province including Calauag districts, supports equitable access to literacy programs for diverse learners. Sustainable practices, such as green school programs in , extend to Calauag by integrating into curricula to promote long-term .

Culture, tourism, and heritage

Religious sites and festivals

The primary religious site in Calauag is the Saint Peter the Apostle Parish Church, located in Poblacion Tres along Rizal Street. Established in 1846 under the Diocese of , the parish has undergone multiple reconstructions, reflecting its historical significance in the community's efforts. The church serves as the central for the town's Catholic population and hosts regular masses, including those on Sundays and special occasions like the feast of the Apostle on June 29. Another notable religious site is the Our Lady of Fatima Parish Church in Barangay Apad, situated along the National Highway at Kilometer 243. Canonically erected in 2009, also under the Diocese of , it caters to the spiritual needs of residents in the eastern part of the municipality and observes the feast of Our Lady of Fatima on May 13 with devotional activities. The structure has faced maintenance issues, such as damage to the ceiling, prompting repairs in recent years to preserve its functionality. Calauag's religious observances are predominantly Catholic, aligned with national and diocesan calendars, including processions and novenas leading to patronal feasts at the two parishes. While no uniquely indigenous religious festivals are documented, the town's cultural events often incorporate religious elements, such as masses during communal gatherings. The annual Alimango Festival on May 25, coinciding with Calauag's founding anniversary, features street dancing and crab-themed displays but primarily celebrates local rather than religious themes, though it may include blessings for fishermen and farmers.

Natural and historical attractions

Pulong Pasig Sandbar, located off the coast of Calauag, emerges during as a prominent natural feature, noted among the municipality's key attractions by the provincial government. This formation consists of beige sand interspersed with small corals and gray patches, hosting minor such as crustaceans, and provides a tranquil setting for visitors during accessible tidal conditions. Kapaluhan Beach in Barangay Capaluhan offers a lengthy white sand shoreline with calm waters, ideal for family outings and relaxation, characteristic of Calauag's coastal natural resources. Complementing these are inland features like the moderately challenging 7.3-mile out-and-back trail to Kuyaoyao Hilltop via Tinambulan, providing scenic mountain peak views and elevation gain of approximately 1,059 feet. A small cave in Santa Milagrosa adds to the area's speleological interest, though access details remain limited in official records. Historically, Camp General Alfredo M. Santos in Rizal Ilaya serves as a installation named for Alfredo M. Santos, who led the Armed Forces of the Philippines as from 1962 to 1965. The site underscores military heritage tied to post-World War II leadership, with Santos having participated in resistance efforts during Japanese occupation before his release from a camp in 1942. The Quezon-Bicol boundary arch marks a regional transition point, featuring distinctive design elements that highlight Calauag's position as a gateway between provinces.

Notable residents

Tomas Eduardo Bernabeu Morato (1887–1965), a Spanish-born Filipino businessman and politician, settled in Calauag at age 14 and served as the municipality's last municipal president before becoming its first elected mayor from 1935 to 1939. He later became the inaugural appointed from 1939 to 1942 and represented the second district of Province (now ) in the . Ice Seguerra, born Cariza Yamson Seguerra on September 17, 1983, in Calauag, is a Filipino , , and who achieved early fame as a child performer on the Eat Bulaga! starting in 1987. Seguerra won awards for roles in films such as Sana Maulit Muli (1995) and has released multiple albums, including Iceman (2001), while performing internationally and collaborating with artists like . Veyda Inoval, born November 14, 2004, in Calauag, is a Filipina actress and former child star who participated in ABS-CBN's Star Circle Kid Quest and appeared in episodes of Maalaala Mo Kaya as well as the film Four Sisters and a Wedding (2013).

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  68. https://www.facebook.com/p/BFP-R4A-Calauag-Fire-Station-100089570854909/
  69. https://ro4a.doh.gov.ph/rural-health-units/
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  71. https://healthcarephilippines.com/directory/calauag-rural-health-unit/
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  73. https://sp.quezon.gov.ph/order-of-business/view-ordinance/338e604b-c3ba-4c25-b9ea-da13fdcc5b9c
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  77. https://wikimapia.org/street/915369/Andaya-Highway-N68
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  83. https://t-subaybayan.dilg.gov.ph/projects/36709
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  89. https://phl.bizdirlib.com/node/61474
  90. https://www.deped.gov.ph/k-to-12/senior-high-school/list-of-senior-high-schools/
  91. https://www.calauagcentralcollege.edu.ph/history
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  93. https://www.scribd.com/doc/276005394/Masterlist-of-Private-Schools-Quezon-Province2
  94. https://mseuf.edu.ph/pages/overview-2
  95. https://ijrp.org/filePermission/fileDownlaod/4/9e4fa8a2974c37c5a91201bbc520bde1/2
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  97. https://gcatholic.org/churches/asia-east/59755
  98. https://www.parishph.com/2022/07/st-peter-apostle-parish-calauag-quezon.html
  99. https://www.mass-schedules.com/catholic-church/2429/saint-peter-the-apostle-parish.html
  100. https://www.parishph.com/2022/07/our-lady-of-fatima-parish-apad-calauag.html
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  103. https://mindtrip.ai/attraction/luzon/pulong-pasig-sandbar/at-1dF6NwcO
  104. https://www.facebook.com/rakitera.biyahera/videos/capaluhan-beach-of-calauag-quezon-blessed-with-a-long-and-pristine-shoreline-cal/1037639689657392/
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  106. https://www.waze.com/live-map/directions/camp-general-alfredo-m-santos-calauag?to=place.w.80216204.801899892.11749232
  107. https://kids.kiddle.co/Alfredo_Santos
  108. https://mindtrip.ai/attraction/calauag-luzon/quezon-province-bicol-boundary/at-NU3WENdv
  109. https://artmorato.tripod.com/
  110. https://eatbulaga.fandom.com/wiki/Ice_Seguerra
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  112. https://www.facebook.com/visitquezon/photos/veyda-inoval-actress-star-circle-kid-quest-from-calauag-quezon-maria-veighda-ang/680315355394250/
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