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DOK-ING d.o.o. is a Croatian company which manufactures unmanned multi-purpose vehicles, electric vehicles and robotic systems,[5] established in 1992. Its products make up 80% of the worlds robotized mine clearing machines.[6]

Key Information

History

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The company was formed in 1992 by Vjekoslav Majetić. It primarily develops and produces robotic and autonomous systems intended for use in various situations. Their vehicles are used for demining, firefighting, underground mining and counter-terrorism purposes.[7]

The electric motors for their vehicles are largely supplied by the Pula-based company Tema.[8]

During 2023, in the wake of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, it was reported that negotiations were underway with the Ukrainian MoD to localise the production of its MV-4 mine clearing vehicle in Ukraine.[9] A number of these vehicles were previously purchased or donated to Ukraine.[10] In 2024, it opened its representative office in Kyiv. [11]

During 2024, it entered a joint-venture with Rheinmetall, with purpose of developing unmanned vehicles intended for mine scattering, tank support, air defence and reconnaissance.[12]

Dok-Ing Automotiv

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The automotive division was formed upon the introduction of the electric car Dok-Ing XD in 2010.[13] The car remained in prototype phase and never formally entered serial production, although one unit was sold to the Faculty of Electrical Engineering in Zagreb.

In 2015, it produced two electric buses for the city of Koprivnica, as a part of the European project Civitas Dyn@mo.[14] In the following year, it unveiled a multifunctional communal vehicle TOM TOM, which received awards from various international fairs.[15] During the same year, it launched a serial production of electric scooters under the name "Core",[16] with 800 of them already exported to Spain, Mexico, France, Italy and Malta in 2017.[17] The batteries are produced by Dok-Ing.[18] The company also launched a series of electric bikes called "Leo".

In 2017, it announced a new model of electric car, under the working name of YD, expected to have a range of 300–400 km.[19][20]

In 2019, the division was sold and excluded from DOK-ING during restructuring of the overall company. DOK-ING Automotiv began operating under a new name afterwards.[21]

Products

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Current

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Mine Clearance Vehicles

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DOK-ING MV-4 mine-clearance vehicle in action.

Fire Fighting Vehicles

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DOK-ING MVF-5 remote-controlled fire fighting vehicle

Underground Mining Vehicles

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Discontinued

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Fire Fighting Vehicles

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Mine Clearance Vehicles

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Robots

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Future

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International Users

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Users[28]
Armed Forces Number of Units
US Army 41 MV-4s + 44attachments
Swedish Army 5 MV-4s
Croatian Army 4 MV-4s
Ecuador Army 31 MV-4s + 31attachments
Irish Army 2 MV-4s
South Korean Army 2 MV-4s + 8 more planned
Italian Army 3 MV-4
Hellenic Army 1 MV-4
Lithuanian Army 1 MV-10
Sri Lankan Army 12 MV-4s
Colombian National Army 2 MV-4s
Australian Army 8 MV-10s + 16 attachments
Libyan Army 4 MV-4s (2 flails + 2 tillers)
GCAN Nicaragua 2 MV-4s + 1 attachment
Government Agencies Number of Units
Croatia Mine Action Centre (CROMAC) 4 MV-4s
Iraqi National Mine Action Authority 4 MV-4s
Azerbaijan National Agency for Mine Action 1 MV-4
Ministry of Nation Building and Estate Infrastructure Development (Sri Lanka) 3 MV-4s
Humanitarian Organisations Number of Units
Norwegian People's Aid (NPA) 1 MV-4
Swiss Foundation for Mine Action (FSD) 1 MV-4
United Nations World Food Programme 4 MV-4s
Commercial Companies Number of Units
Mechem Consultants 5 MV-4s + 1 tiller
RONCO Consulting Corporation 2 MV-4s + 1 flail
REASeuro Worldwide 1 MV-4
SEDITA 1 MV-4
Private Demining Companies Number of Units
DOK-ING Demining 2 MV-4s, 3 MV-10s, 1 MV-20
DIZ-EKO 1 MV-4
AVANGARD 1 MV-4
Enigma 2 MV-4s, 1 MV-10
TITAN 1 MV-4
ISTRAŽIVAČ 2 MV-4s
Mining Industry Number of Units
Anglo Platinum 22 MVDs
DOK-ING 6 MVDs
Fire Fighting Industry Number of Units
Ministry of Emergency Situations (Russia) 1 Jelka-4, 1 Jelka-10

References

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[edit]
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DOK-ING

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from Grokipedia
DOK-ING d.o.o. is a privately owned Croatian company founded in late by Vjekoslav Majetić in , specializing in the development and manufacture of unmanned robotic and autonomous systems for high-risk operations including humanitarian , , CBRNE (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives) response, emergency management, and underground mining. The firm emerged during the , with Majetić drawing from direct involvement in mine clearance to pioneer the world's first remote-controlled robotic landmine removal system, embodying its core principle of substituting machines for human exposure to danger. DOK-ING has achieved global prominence through innovations like the MV-4 and MV-10 platforms, producing over MV-4 units by 2023, many deployed in where its systems have cleared more than 20 million square meters of contaminated terrain and neutralized over 9,000 items since 2022. Its technologies operate in excess of 40 countries, establishing the company as a market leader in remote-controlled equipment while expanding into defense partnerships, such as a 2024 memorandum with for unmanned ground systems.

History

Founding and Early Development

DOK-ING was established in late 1991 in , , by engineer Vjekoslav Majetić during the . The company originated from Majetić's vision to develop remote-controlled robotic systems that could perform dangerous tasks, particularly demining operations, thereby protecting human lives in hazardous post-war environments. Initially operating from a modest garage setup, DOK-ING focused on engineering unmanned ground vehicles tailored for and explosive ordnance disposal needs amid Croatia's ongoing conflict and reconstruction efforts. In its formative years, the company prioritized the and prototyping of compact, electrically powered robots capable of navigating rough and handling explosives remotely. By 1997, DOK-ING manufactured its first mini flail system, the MV-1, marking the transition from conceptualization to operational deployment in Croatia's activities. This milestone was supported by early investment from the Small Enterprise Assistance Fund (SEAF), an American fund that provided capital to scale production of protective robotic equipment. The focus on practical, life-saving applications in a war-torn context laid the groundwork for DOK-ING's expertise in autonomous systems, distinguishing it from general firms by emphasizing real-world utility in high-risk scenarios.

Expansion and Key Milestones

Following its initial development of demining systems, DOK-ING expanded internationally through strategic contracts and subsidiary establishments. In 2003, the company initiated its mining program with the XLP Dozer and secured a contract with Anglo American Platinum, leading to the founding of DOK-ING for regional support. This marked the beginning of operations beyond , with further growth in 2004 via a major contract with the U.S. Army for MV-4 demining systems, which propelled global expansion and established DOK-ING as a key supplier in humanitarian demining. Key product milestones supported this growth, including the 2006 opening of the VJ-EKO production facility in Slunj, , and the introduction of its first firefighting machine, diversifying into emergency response. By 2009, additional contracts with Anglo American Platinum for Ultra Low-Profile (ULP) systems facilitated entry into markets like and . The 2010 premiere of the MVF-5 Emergency Response Robotic System at INTERSCHUTZ further broadened its portfolio, followed by deliveries of MVF-5, MV-4, and ULP fleets to in 2014. Entry into Asia occurred in 2016 with the delivery of MV-10 systems to ’s Ministry of Defense, while subsequent innovations like the 2018 launch of the MV-2 Honey Badger at and the 2021 introduction of the MVC-8 Komodo and advanced mining systems (NRE DOZER, DRILL RIG, SUPPORT RIG) enhanced market penetration. By 2023, DOK-ING premiered the MV-3 Hystrix at Enforce Tac, contributing to sales of over 400 systems across more than 40 countries. Recent expansions include significant revenue growth, reaching €50 million in 2023 and €70.5 million in 2024 with a workforce of 250 employees, reflecting 30-40% annual increases. In 2024, partnerships such as the with for unmanned ground systems and the establishment of DOK-ING Mining for underground solutions underscored strategic diversification. Further, increased localization of production in to 30% (with plans for 50%) and a 2025 with South Korea's for unmanned systems highlight ongoing global outreach, securing over 80% of the humanitarian market share.

Recent Growth and Strategic Shifts

In 2024, DOK-ING achieved revenue of €70.5 million while employing 250 staff, underscoring expansion driven by demand for its robotic systems in defense, , and applications. A pivotal strategic shift occurred on June 12, 2025, when the company restructured into three autonomous entities to sharpen focus and accelerate innovation: DOK-ING Security & Defence, specializing in and unmanned systems under leaders Gordan Pešić, Davor Petek, and Ante Bakić; DOK-ING Energo, targeting solutions like from waste, headed by Vjekoslav Majetić; and DOK-ING Mining, emphasizing remotely operated electric vehicles led by Marijo Grgurinović and Luka Petro. This reorganization, overseen by group head Ana Majetić Pešić, prioritizes specialized competencies for market penetration and sustainability amid geopolitical demands for autonomous technologies. International collaborations marked further growth, including a , 2025, memorandum of understanding with South Korea's to co-develop advanced unmanned ground systems, enhancing DOK-ING's defense portfolio. Building on an October 2024 memorandum with Germany's , ongoing 2025 talks progressed toward a for unmanned combat and support vehicles, including mine-scattering prototypes slated for demonstration that year, potentially securing investment to scale production. Operational expansion included localizing demining vehicle production in to 30% by September 2025, up from initial levels, with ambitions for full localization by late 2026 to cut costs, create jobs, and sustain humanitarian amid conflict. These moves reflect a broader pivot toward defense-oriented autonomy and global .

Corporate Structure

Ownership and Operations

DOK-ING is a privately held Croatian company, wholly owned by its founder Vjekoslav Majetić, who established the firm in late 1991 and formally registered it in 1992 for the production of robotic and special-purpose systems. No public shareholders or parent entities are involved, maintaining full private control under Majetić's ownership as of 2025. The company's headquarters and primary production facilities are located in Zagreb, Croatia, at Slavonska avenija 22 G, encompassing over 15,000 square meters dedicated to engineering, manufacturing, and servicing of unmanned vehicles and robotic systems. Operations focus on research, development, and global export of specialized robotics for demining, mining, emergency response, and military applications, with the firm achieving leadership in more than 40 countries and over 80% market share in select unmanned ground vehicle segments. Key management includes Chairman Marijo Grgurinović, with recent structural adjustments in June 2025 assigning oversight of DOK-ING Energo to Majetić and DOK-ING Mining to Grgurinović and Luka Petro. International operations extend beyond , with incorporations in and partnerships facilitating production and sales worldwide, including a 2023 initiative for in involving approximately 100 million in investments tied to local premises. In September 2024, DOK-ING expanded with a new office in , , to bolster demining and reconstruction support amid ongoing conflict recovery efforts. Strategic collaborations, such as a October 2024 memorandum with Germany's for potential joint development of unmanned military vehicles, aim to enhance European defense capabilities without impacting core ownership.

Subsidiaries and Divisions

DOK-ING Ltd., headquartered in , , structures its operations through a group comprising three specialized companies announced on June 12, 2025, to promote greater autonomy, innovation, and targeted market expansion while maintaining unified oversight under the parent entity. These include DOK-ING Security & Defence, which develops robotics and unmanned ground systems for , , CBRN response, counter-terrorism, and emergency applications, led by Gordan Pešić as CEO alongside Davor Petek and Ante Bakić; DOK-ING Energo, focused on technologies such as from waste via systems like the Looper, under CEO Vjekoslav Majetić; and DOK-ING Mining, specializing in battery-electric, remotely operated narrow reef equipment (NRE) for underground operations, directed by CEO Marijo Grgurinović and Luka Petro. The entities function as independent units within the DOK-ING Group, supporting the company's 2024 revenue of €70.5 million and workforce of 250, with projected annual growth of 30-40% in revenue. DOK-ING also operates a company in , , which includes the VJ-EKO production facility established to manufacture vehicles and facilitate business diversification into and related response equipment.

Core Technologies

Robotic Systems and Autonomy

DOK-ING's robotic systems integrate modular platforms designed for hazardous environments, emphasizing remote operation with emerging capabilities to minimize human exposure to risks such as explosives, fires, and chemical agents. These systems employ electrically powered drivetrains, advanced sensors, and software architectures that support both teleoperated control and semi- functions, including obstacle avoidance and predefined mission execution. The company's efforts, led by teams of mechanical, electrical, and software engineers, focus on enhancing autonomy through collaborations with institutions like the University of Zagreb's Faculty of and . Central to DOK-ING's technologies are and algorithmic processing for , as demonstrated in the MVC-8 Komodo unmanned ground system. This platform features autonomous algorithms enabling automated sample collection of vapors, gases, and solids in CBRN environments, alongside , thermal imaging, and multi-gas detectors for real-time environmental mapping and navigation up to 1,500 meters line-of-sight. Komodo's hybrid propulsion and modules operate under partial , allowing the to perform and mitigation tasks with reduced operator intervention, though full mission planning remains human-supervised. Similar upgrades appear in multi-mission vehicles like the MV-4 and MVF-5, which incorporate software enhancements for route clearance and fire suppression in UXO-contaminated areas, supporting semi-autonomous pathfollowing amid dynamic obstacles. Advancements in and are prioritized in DOK-ING's R&D pipeline to transition from to higher levels, aligning with global trends in unmanned systems for and emergency response. A 2025 strategic investment by Rheinmetall AG aims to co-develop next-generation unmanned ground vehicles for mine-clearing, incorporating advanced for counter-mobility operations. These efforts build on 30 years of iterative upgrades, prioritizing reliability in low-oxygen or high-temperature conditions over fully independent decision-making, with empirical testing in deployments across more than 40 countries validating system robustness. While current implementations achieve task-specific rather than end-to-end self-sufficiency, DOK-ING's platforms demonstrably reduce operator and enhance mission efficiency in real-world scenarios like management and .

Vehicle Engineering Principles

DOK-ING's vehicle engineering centers on tracked designs optimized for superior traction and stability across diverse terrains, including steep slopes, rough off-road conditions, and confined indoor spaces. These systems employ continuous tracks to distribute weight effectively, enabling operations on inclines up to 60 degrees in certain applications and providing maneuverability surpassing wheeled vehicles in obstacle-laden environments. The tracked configuration also facilitates self-recovery mechanisms, such as winches and adjustable suspension, to extract vehicles from entrapments without human intervention. Modularity forms a foundational , with platforms engineered for rapid tool exchange and multi-mission adaptability. Vehicles feature standardized mounting interfaces that allow attachment of interchangeable payloads—like flails for , manipulators for EOD, or nozzles—within minutes, minimizing downtime and enhancing operational flexibility. This approach stems from in-house development prioritizing user-defined configurations, as seen in systems supporting over 20 mission-specific attachments. Structural integrity relies on reinforced frames and ballistic-resistant armoring, tested to withstand blasts and projectiles, ensuring survivability in high-threat scenarios. Powertrain balances performance with environmental constraints, incorporating diesel engines for high-torque demands in heavy-duty tasks and electric drives for emission-free operation in underground or sensitive areas. Electric variants utilize battery packs charged in 3-4 hours, delivering sustained power for extended shifts while reducing thermal signatures. Maintenance-friendly designs, including accessible hull openings and component , further underscore reliability principles derived from two decades of field deployments in mine action and combat zones.

Products

Demining and EOD Vehicles

DOK-ING specializes in unmanned robotic systems for and explosive ordnance disposal (EOD), designed to detect, neutralize, and dispose of anti-personnel mines, anti-tank mines, , and improvised explosive devices while protecting operators from blast risks. These vehicles employ , modular tool attachments, and robust tracked for operations in hazardous terrains, with capabilities extending to mechanical ground preparation, vegetation clearance, and debris removal. The MV-4, introduced as an evolution from the earlier MV-1 prototype, serves as a versatile light tracked system for humanitarian and EOD tasks. It features a flail with hammers for detonating mines, a dozer blade for obstacle clearance, and an extendable EOD that can manipulate objects up to 400 kg at full reach. Powered by a 129 kW at 2,200 rpm, with a 70-liter and 200-liter hydraulic capacity, the MV-4 maintains low ground pressure (0.43 kg/cm² with standard flail) for mobility over soft soil and an operational range of 1,500 meters via fiber-optic or . Its compact design allows air and road transportability, and it has demonstrated reliability in combat conditions, including counter-IED missions. For heavier-duty applications, the MV-10 employs a double-tool —a front-mounted flail for initial mine followed by a rear for sifting and residual threat neutralization—enabling clearance rates up to 4,000 m² per hour. Constructed with military-grade armor to survive detonations, it is driven by a 571 kW (766 HP) Caterpillar C18 engine producing 3,495 Nm torque at 1,400 rpm, with fuel consumption ranging from 25 to 50 liters per hour. The full-body protection, via cameras, and multi-mission adaptability support both on- and off-road operations, with air and road transport compatibility enhancing deployment flexibility. Compact EOD variants like the MV-2 complement larger systems with portable, multi-transportable designs suitable for rapid deployment via pickup trucks or rotary-wing aircraft. These robots prioritize quick tool exchanges, self-recovery mechanisms, and extended manipulator arms for precise ordnance handling in urban or confined spaces, reducing operator exposure in counter-terrorism and crisis response scenarios.

Firefighting and Emergency Response Vehicles

DOK-ING's and emergency response vehicles center on the MVF-5, a tracked robotic system engineered for high-risk operations where human intervention poses excessive danger. Developed to suppress fires in inaccessible terrains and contaminated zones, the MVF-5 integrates capabilities with functionality for debris removal and obstacle clearance. The platform measures 5750 mm in length, 2315 mm in width, and 2320 mm in height, with a weight of 16,000 kg, enabling transport via air (C-130 aircraft), sea (), or road. It achieves speeds up to 11 km/h on tracks suitable for off-road use, navigating 30° longitudinal slopes, 20° side slopes, and 80 cm water fording depths. Fire suppression relies on a 2500 L and 500 L tank, paired with a and monitor projecting streams up to 60 meters. Equipped with a dozer blade, rotational gripper lifting up to 2 tons with 360° rotation, and cutting/breaching tools, the MVF-5 supports tasks beyond suppression, such as removing hazards in zones. Remote operation uses 360° video feeds from day/night and cameras, with a self-cooling sprinkler system and Hardox 450 armored body enhancing survivability in extreme heat and low-oxygen environments. A aids self-recovery. Deployments include delivery of an MVF-5 unit to Germany's State Academy and Technical Authority for and Management in on November 25-26, 2024, for enhancing in UXO-contaminated forests and industrial settings, accompanied by operator . In July 2025, systems were deployed in German UXO-affected landscapes for control, demonstrating precise obstacle clearance and real-time monitoring in partnership with the European Forest Institute. Demonstrations in in June 2025 highlighted its role in UXO management strategies.

Underground Mining Vehicles

DOK-ING specializes in remote-controlled, battery-electric robotic vehicles for underground , with a focus on narrow operations where human access is limited by low heights and steep inclinations. The company's Narrow Reef Equipment (NRE) fleet, introduced in 2023, comprises the NRE Dozer, NRE Drill Rig, and NRE Support Rig, designed to perform , , and roof bolting in stoping widths from 0.9 to 1.7 meters and reef inclinations up to 22–25 degrees. These ultra-low-profile machines, standing approximately 65 cm tall, operate without emissions or excessive noise, enabling safer, more productive cycles by reducing worker exposure to hazards like rockfalls and . The fleet integrates automated functions with , supporting full-cycle processes from preparation to support. The NRE Dozer handles ore pushing, sweeping, and cleaning tasks, with a prime mover weighing 4,115 kg and dimensions of 3,460 x 1,558 x 652 mm (height). Powered by a LiFePO4 battery at 308 V DC, it offers up to 8 hours of operation and recharges in 3 hours via 380–550 VAC three-phase supply. It processes 50–120 tons per hour of ore or sweeps 300 m² per hour, using exchangeable tools such as a dozer blade, 0.65 m³ bucket, or sweeper attachment, all while navigating gradients up to 25 degrees. The NRE Drill Rig, targeted at customers like Anglo American in , drills blast panels with a three-drill drifter configuration, advancing 2 meters per blast at penetration rates of 0.7–1 meter per minute using 2.3-meter and up to 41 mm hole diameters. Its prime mover weighs 10,000 kg with a toolset adding 4,000 kg, measures 4,150 x 1,976 x 745 mm, and uses a 346 V DC LiFePO4 battery recharging in 1 hour; the 660 mm height and low-profile tracks ensure mobility in confined spaces. The NRE Support Rig automates roof bolting with self-drilling bolts, completing installation cycles in narrow stopes via remote control and battery power, matching the fleet's 0.9–1.7 meter width and 22-degree inclination capabilities for enhanced structural stability post-blasting. Preceding the NRE series, DOK-ING's mining efforts began with the XLP Dozer around 2015, a remote-controlled low-profile system for ore handling in heights of 1.2–1.6 meters and gradients up to 30 degrees, developed under contract with Anglo American Platinum and trialed in Western Australia in 2020. This evolved into fully electric variants by 2018, laying groundwork for the NRE's zero-emission design. The NRE fleet was showcased at Electra Mining Africa in September 2024 and South American events in June 2025, highlighting deployments in challenging platinum and gold mines.

Military Engineering Platforms

DOK-ING develops unmanned ground vehicles tailored for tasks, emphasizing , remote operation, and resilience in hazardous environments to minimize human exposure to risks such as CBRN threats and structural collapses. These platforms support operations including obstacle clearance, earthworks, , and , often integrating interchangeable tools for adaptability across missions. The MV-4 serves as a versatile, mission-oriented platform with a tracked and producing 186 kW (250 HP), enabling transport speeds up to 7.15 km/h and operation over rough terrain with ground pressure of 0.59 kg/cm². Weighing approximately 6,120 kg, it features exchangeable tools such as a dozer blade capable of pushing 4 tons for and breaching, and a rotational gripper with 1,500 kg lifting capacity and 5.5-ton pushing force for obstacle removal and excavation. An extendable EOD arm, reaching up to 5.4 meters with 400 kg lift capacity, further supports digging and manipulation tasks in scenarios. extends to 1,500 meters line-of-sight, with day/night cameras and self-recovery mechanisms enhancing its utility in forward operating areas. The MVC-8 Komodo represents a heavier, hybrid-propulsion modular system weighing 17,000 kg, designed for extreme conditions including low-oxygen and high-temperature settings, with maximum speeds of 30 km/h and dimensions of 7.2 m long by 2.3 m wide by 2.9 m high. Its allows integration of mission-specific modules for functions like obstacle clearance, , and CBRN of equipment and surfaces, supported by front grippers handling 2,000 kg payloads and manipulator arms up to 990 kg. Equipped with autonomous navigation algorithms, advanced sensors for , and a 1,500-meter operational range, Komodo facilitates unmanned and sample collection in contaminated zones. Co-financed by the European Structural and Investment Fund as a , it was introduced around and has since been adapted for integrations such as air defense turrets. In October 2024, DOK-ING partnered with to advance unmanned ground systems for and , including and engineering vehicles, through a planned focused on modular . This collaboration aims to enhance platforms like Komodo for broader defense applications, building on DOK-ING's established track record in robotic systems proven in operational theaters.

Applications and Deployments

Military and Defense Uses

DOK-ING's unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) have been integrated into military operations primarily for , explosive ordnance disposal (EOD), and tasks, reducing risks to personnel in hazardous environments. The MV-4 robotic system, a tracked remote-controlled platform, has demonstrated effectiveness in real combat scenarios by clearing anti-personnel and anti-tank mines, as well as , with over 300 units delivered to 27 countries including 17 militaries by early 2024. In , the MV-4 has supported efforts amid extensive mine contamination, with Ukraine acquiring its 14th unit in January 2024 and planning additional procurements. The MV-10 demining vehicle, designed for high-power operations in contested areas, has similarly been battle-tested and deployed in , where 17 units operated in regions like and by August 2025, with local production initiated to bolster capabilities. These systems employ modular attachments such as tillers and detonators to neutralize threats efficiently, prioritizing operator safety through up to 1,000 meters. Emerging platforms expand DOK-ING's defense role into armed and multi-mission applications. In October 2024, DOK-ING partnered with Germany's to develop UGVs for escorting convoys, mine clearance, air defense integration, , and armament, targeting integration with vehicles like the . The MV-8 Komodo, a modular armed UGV, debuted at the SIDEC defense exhibition in October 2025, showcasing adaptability for combat roles through interchangeable mission modules. Additionally, the MV-3 Hystrix supports counter-terrorism operations, including indoor EOD in urban settings. These developments reflect a shift toward autonomous systems enhancing tactical flexibility in .

Humanitarian and Civil Operations

DOK-ING's robotic systems have been extensively deployed in humanitarian efforts worldwide, with over 500 machines operating in more than 40 countries to clear landmines and from post-conflict areas. The company's MV-4 vehicle, designed specifically for such tasks, mechanically neutralizes threats including anti-personnel and anti-tank mines while minimizing risks to human operators. In , where extensive mine contamination persists following the 2022 Russian invasion, DOK-ING initiated operations in 2024, achieving 30% local production of demining machines by September 2025 to enhance efficiency, create jobs, and reduce costs for ongoing clearance projects. Partnerships have amplified these efforts, such as the April 2025 rental deployment of the MV-4 with Safelane Global, marking 's first completed robotic project and demonstrating the system's reliability in real-world conditions. Collaborations with entities like the State Special Transport Service of (SSTS) further support safer, mine-free regions by integrating DOK-ING's technology into national clearance strategies. These initiatives prioritize operator safety and cost-effectiveness, with the company's mine action services emphasizing tailored, high-efficiency approaches derived from its origins in Croatia's post-1990s . In civil operations, DOK-ING vehicles address and emergency scenarios, particularly through the MVF-5 multi-mission robotic system optimized for in high-risk, inaccessible environments and debris clearance. Croatia's Ministry of the Interior received initial deliveries of command-and-control vehicles integrated with MVF-5 units in February 2021 and April 2021, enabling remote operations for in urban fires, chemical incidents, or structural collapses. A notable application occurred in October 2023, when the MVF-5 was deployed in to combat a large-scale fire, showcasing its capability to penetrate hazardous zones and suppress flames without endangering personnel. These systems extend to broader civil protection, including CBRNe threat mitigation in industrial settings, underscoring DOK-ING's role in enhancing public safety infrastructure.

Industrial and Mining Contexts

DOK-ING develops remote-controlled and autonomous robotic systems tailored for hazardous underground mining environments, emphasizing mechanized operations in narrow reef formations typically below 1.7 meters in height. The company's Narrow Reef Equipment (NRE) fleet, comprising fully electric vehicles such as the NRE Dozer for material handling, NRE Drill Rig for precise drilling, and NRE Support Rig for anchoring and cleaning, enables remote operation to minimize human exposure to risks like rockfalls, toxic gases, and structural instability. These systems support inclines up to 25 degrees and integrate seamlessly into processes for platinum and gold extraction, particularly in South African operations where manual labor in confined spaces has historically led to high injury rates. In industrial contexts, DOK-ING's extend to heavy-duty material transport and site preparation in non-mining sectors, such as remote-controlled loaders like the XLP model deployed for underground . The NRE fleet's battery-powered design reduces emissions and noise compared to diesel alternatives, aligning with regulatory demands for sustainable operations in confined spaces. Deployments have demonstrated gains, with the systems completing , dozing, and support tasks autonomously or via line-of-sight control, as showcased at Electra Mining Africa in September 2024 and MINExpo International in later that year. Safety enhancements are evidenced by the integration of , including WiFi-enabled data logging for real-time diagnostics and on mining vehicles, preventing downtime in remote operations. DOK-ING complements hardware with training simulators introduced in , allowing operators to simulate NRE fleet tasks without physical risk, further reducing on-site training hazards. These innovations target a shift toward unmanned paradigms, with the company reporting expanded global adoption since the NRE fleet's unveiling in 2022.

International Presence

Export Markets and Users

DOK-ING's products are exported to over 40 countries worldwide, with exports constituting 94% of the company's as of 2023. The firm has sold more than 400 robotic systems across these markets, primarily serving military, government, humanitarian , and commercial users. These exports include , EOD, , and mining vehicles adapted for high-risk environments, with clients spanning armed forces, agencies, and organizations focused on clearance and emergency response. In , key deployments include , where DOK-ING opened a local office in 2024 and initiated production representing 30% of output by 2025, supplying the State Special Transport Service, humanitarian operators, and Armed Forces units for mechanized clearance operations. Systems like the MV-4 have been rented and deployed for technical surveys in regions such as , supporting post-conflict efforts. In , MV-4 and MVF-5 vehicles have been utilized since 2025 for in unexploded ordnance-contaminated forests, demonstrating adaptation for dual civil-military hazard mitigation. A 2024 joint venture with aims to co-develop unmanned ground systems for military escort and countermobility roles, enhancing penetration into NATO-aligned defense markets. Beyond Europe, DOK-ING has pursued sales through international fairs in the United States, , and various European venues, attracting buyers for security, defense, and applications. In , subsidiary activities and imports via entities like DOK ING indicate growing commercial interest in and EOD solutions. Humanitarian and military demonstrations, including to from 11 countries in 2022 and multinational exercises like Immediate Response 25, underscore versatility for global users addressing explosive threats and emergency scenarios.

Partnerships and Collaborations

DOK-ING established a with Germany's AG through a signed on October 28, 2024, aimed at forming a to develop and market unmanned ground systems, including combat vehicles, support platforms, and mine-clearing robots for counter-mobility operations. In September 2025, DOK-ING signed another MoU with South Korea's to collaborate on advanced unmanned ground systems, leveraging DOK-ING's robotic expertise with 's sensor and testing technologies for defense applications. DOK-ING has partnered with Ukraine's Training Support Service (SSTS) since at least 2022 to support operations in mine-contaminated regions, providing vehicles and technical assistance as part of broader humanitarian efforts. In parallel, DOK-ING collaborates with Ukrainian firm A3Tech for local production, including assembly, spare parts manufacturing, and repairs of machines like the MV-10, enhancing supply chain resilience for Ukrainian Armed Forces and emergency services. On September 29, 2023, DOK-ING joined the Alliance of Defence Industries for the Recovery of , committing to contribute robotic solutions for reconstruction and demining in conflict-affected areas. Additionally, in September 2025, DOK-ING strengthened ties with Slovenia's through strategic discussions on unmanned systems integration for EU-NATO aligned security needs. These collaborations emphasize DOK-ING's focus on integrating its heavy-duty robotic platforms into multinational defense and humanitarian frameworks, often formalized via MoUs to facilitate and joint development.

Achievements and Impact

Awards and Innovations

DOK-ING has garnered recognition for its export success and technological advancements, including the Platinum Key award on November 20, 2024, for establishing standards in innovation, quality, and competitiveness as Croatia's most prominent exporter. In 2024, the company received the Golden Key for the best medium-sized Croatian exporter in 2023, with 94% of its €49.99 million derived from exports. Founder and CEO Vjekoslav Majetić was selected as Croatia's EY World Entrepreneur of the Year in 2023, acknowledging DOK-ING's progression from a garage operation to a leader in robotic systems for hazardous environments. Majetić also earned the Manager of the Year award in the entrepreneur category in 2024. In October 2024, he received an honor for individual contributions to enhancing community security in . The company reports over 100 national and international awards across its history. Key innovations include the MV-1 mini flail system, the company's first robotic vehicle manufactured for post-war clearance in . DOK-ING advanced to multi-mission platforms like the MV-3 Hystrix, a remote-operated robotic system for counter-terrorism, hostage rescue, and response, featuring and tactical capabilities. The MVF-5 extends applications to unmanned firefighting in explosive ordnance-contaminated areas, as deployed in in 2025 for . Recent developments feature the MVC-8 Komodo, an designed for extreme chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear environments, with modular payloads for and . In October 2024, DOK-ING pursued a joint venture with to produce unmanned military vehicles based on the Komodo platform, including mine-laying and mapping functions. The MV-8 Komodo variant, an armed robotic , debuted at the SIDEC defense expo in 2025. These systems emphasize remote operation to mitigate risks to personnel in , defense, and scenarios, with production milestones such as 300 MV-4 units by January 2024 underscoring scalability.

Operational Effectiveness and Safety Contributions

DOK-ING's robotic systems, such as the MV-4 and MVF-5, have demonstrated operational effectiveness by enabling remote execution of high-risk tasks in , ordnance disposal (EOD), and emergency response, thereby minimizing human involvement in hazardous zones. The MV-4, a tracked robotic platform equipped with interchangeable tools for mine neutralization, has proven reliable in diverse terrains and weather conditions during actual combat operations, allowing for precise clearance without exposing operators to blast risks. Since early 2024, deployment of 70 MV-4 and MV-10 units in has facilitated the removal of approximately 7,000 (UXO) and mines, accelerating progress in contaminated areas. Safety contributions are evident in the systems' design features, including advanced video feeds for real-time and robust armor to withstand explosions, which collectively reduce operator peril in CBRN-threatened or fire-prone environments. The MVF-5, a heavy-duty multi-mission , supports and path-clearing in UXO-laden forests, as demonstrated in German deployments where it enabled safe vegetation removal ahead of manned teams. In Ukrainian operations, DOK-ING platforms integrated with the cleared 47.3 hectares of mine-contaminated land since April 2023, underscoring their role in protecting deminers from direct exposure. These capabilities align with broader evidence from field exercises, where unmanned systems like the MV-4 have neutralized threats autonomously or semi-autonomously, lowering casualty rates compared to manual methods. Further enhancements to effectiveness include modular toolkits for rapid mission adaptation, such as grippers and dozers on the MVF-5 for debris handling in crisis scenarios, which improve throughput in industrial and military applications. By substituting human presence with durable, teleoperated platforms tested in multinational exercises like Immediate Response 25, DOK-ING technologies have contributed to safer operational doctrines, particularly in post-conflict zones where manual demining historically incurs high injury rates.

References

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