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First Modi ministry
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First Modi ministry | |
|---|---|
 24th Ministry of the Republic of India | |
 | |
| Date formed | 26 May 2014 |
| Date dissolved | 30 May 2019 |
| People and organisations | |
| Head of state | Pranab Mukherjee (until 25 July 2017) Ram Nath Kovind (from 25 July 2017) |
| Head of government | Narendra Modi |
| Member parties | National Democratic Alliance
|
| Status in legislature | Majority |
| Opposition party | Ghulam Nabi Azad (upper house) None[a] (Lower House) |
| History | |
| Election | 2014 |
| Outgoing election | 2019 |
| Legislature terms | 5 years, 4 days |
| Budgets | 2015 Budget 2016 Budget 2017 Budget 2018 Budget 2019 Budget |
| Incoming formation | 16th Lok Sabha |
| Outgoing formation | 17th Lok Sabha |
| Predecessor | Second Manmohan Singh ministry |
| Successor | Second Modi ministry |
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The First Narendra Modi ministry is the Council of Ministers headed by Narendra Modi that was formed after the 2014 general election which was held in nine phases from 7 April to 12 May in 2014. The results of the election were announced on 16 May 2014 and this led to the formation of the 16th Lok Sabha. The Council assumed office from 27 May 2014.
The Council of Ministers included 10 female ministers, of whom 6 held the rank of Cabinet minister. This is the highest number of female Cabinet ministers in any Indian government in history. The only other government to appoint more than 1 female Cabinet minister, was the first UPA government from 2004 to 2009, which had 3 female Cabinet Ministers.[1]
Background
[edit]
The 2014 general election was held in nine phases from 7 April to 12 May, to constitute the 16th Lok Sabha. The results of the election were announced on 16 May 2014. On 20 May 2014, a meeting of the parliamentary party of BJP was organised at the Central Hall of the Parliament of India and Narendra Modi was elected as its leader. Subsequently, BJP president Rajnath Singh along with other leaders of the ally parties of NDA, met President Pranab Mukherjee at Rashtrapati Bhavan and handed over the support letter of 335 members of parliament and claimed for the government formation. Following this, Mukherjee invited Modi and under the powers vested on him under Constitution of India, appointed him as the Prime Minister of India and sought his advice for the names of the members of the council of ministers of his government.[2] On 9 November 2014, there was an expansion and reshuffling in his cabinet and 21 new cabinet ministers were sworn in.[3]
History
[edit]Prime Minister Narendra Modi appointed Nripendra Misra as his Principal Secretary and Ajit Doval as National Security Advisor (NSA) in his first week in office. He also appointed IAS officer A.K. Sharma and Indian Forest Service officer Bharat Lal as joint secretaries in the Prime Minister's Office (PMO). Both officers were part of Modi's government in Gujarat during his tenure as Chief Minister.[4]
On 31 May 2014, Prime Minister Modi abolished all existing Group of Ministers (GoMs) and Empowered Group of Ministers (EGoMs).[5] A statement from the PMO explained, "This would expedite the process of decision making and usher in greater accountability in the system. The Ministries and Departments will now process the issues pending before the EGoMs and GoMs and take appropriate decisions at the level of Ministries and Departments itself". The UPA-II government had set up 68 GoMs and 14 EGoMs during its tenure, of which 9 EGoMs and 21 GoMs were inherited by the new government.[6][7] The move was described by the Indian media as being in alignment with Modi's policy of "minimum government, maximum governance".[6][8] The Indian Express stated that the GoMs and EGoMs had become "a symbol and an instrument of policy paralysis during the previous UPA government".[8] The Times of India described the new government's decision as "a move to restore the authority of the Union Cabinet in decision-making and ensure ministerial accountability".[9]
Newly appointed cabinet minister Gopinath Munde, who was in charge of the Rural Development, Panchayati Raj, and Drinking Water and Sanitation portfolios, died in a car crash in Delhi on 3 June 2014.[10][11][12] Cabinet minister Nitin Gadkari, who is in charge of Road Transport and Highways, and Shipping, was assigned to look after Munde's portfolios on 4 June.[13]
On 10 June 2014, in another step to downsize the government, Modi abolished four Standing Committees of the Cabinet. He also decided to reconstitute five crucial Cabinet Committees.[14] These included the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) that handles all high-level defence and security matters, the Appointments Committee of Cabinet (ACC) that recommends to the President all senior bureaucratic appointments and postings, the Cabinet Committee on Political Affairs (CCPA) which is a sort of small cabinet and the Cabinet Committee on Parliamentary Affairs.[15][16]
The Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers submitted their resignation to President Ram Nath Kovind on 24 May 2019, after the completion of their 5-year term. The President accepted the resignations and requested the Council of Ministers to continue until the new government assumed office.[17][18]
List of ministers
[edit]Council portfolios are as follows:[19]
Cabinet Ministers
[edit]Note:
- (I/C) - (Independent Charge)
| Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Party | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prime Minister Minister of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions Department of Atomic Energy Department of Space All important policy issues; and All other portfolios not allocated to any Minister. | 26 May 2014 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | |||
| Minister of Home Affairs | 27 May 2014 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | |||
| Minister of External Affairs | 27 May 2014 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | |||
| Minister of Overseas Indian Affairs | 27 May 2014 | 7 January 2016 | BJP | Merged with Ministry of External Affairs. | ||
| Minister of Finance Minister of Corporate Affairs | 27 May 2014 | 14 May 2018 | BJP | |||
| 14 May 2018 | 23 August 2018 | BJP | Additional charge during period of indisposition of Arun Jaitley. | |||
| 23 August 2018 | 23 January 2019 | BJP | ||||
| 23 January 2019 | 15 February 2019 | BJP | Additional charge during period of indisposition of Arun Jaitley. | |||
| 15 February 2019 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of Defence | 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | BJP | |||
| 9 November 2014 | 13 March 2017 | BJP | ||||
| 13 March 2017 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | Additional charge following resignation of Manohar Parrikar. | |||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of Urban Development Minister of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation | 27 May 2014 | 6 July 2017 | BJP | The Ministry of Urban Development and Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation were merged to form the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. | ||
| Minister of Housing and Urban Affairs | 6 July 2017 | 17 July 2017 | BJP | |||
| 17 July 2017 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | Additional charge following resignation of M. Venkaiah Naidu. | |||
| Minister of Parliamentary Affairs | 27 May 2014 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | |||
| 5 July 2016 | 12 November 2018 | BJP | Died on 12 November 2018. | |||
| 13 November 2018 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | Additional charge following demise of Ananth Kumar. | |||
| Minister of Road Transport and Highways Minister of Shipping | 27 May 2014 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | |||
| Minister of Railways | 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | BJP | |||
| 9 November 2014 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | ||||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of Commerce and Industry | 27 May 2014 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | MoS (I/C) was responsible. | ||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of Statistics and Programme Implementation | 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | BJP | MoS (I/C) was responsible. | ||
| 9 November 2014 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | MoS (I/C) was responsible. | |||
| 5 July 2016 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation | 27 May 2014 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | |||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of Minority Affairs | 27 May 2014 | 12 July 2016 | BJP | |||
| 12 July 2016 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | MoS (I/C) was responsible. | |||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of Rural Development Minister of Panchayati Raj | 27 May 2014 | 3 June 2014 | BJP | Died in an accident on 3 June 2014. | ||
| 4 June 2014 | 9 November 2014 | BJP | Additional charge following demise of Gopinath Munde. | |||
| 9 November 2014 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | ||||
| 5 July 2016 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of Drinking Water and Sanitation | 27 May 2014 | 3 June 2014 | BJP | Died in an accident on 3 June 2014. | ||
| 4 June 2014 | 9 November 2014 | BJP | Additional charge following demise of Gopinath Munde. | |||
| 9 November 2014 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | ||||
| 5 July 2016 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | ||||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution | 27 May 2014 | 22 May 2017 | LJP | |||
| 22 May 2017 | 17 June 2017 | BJP | Additional charge during period of indisposition of Ram Vilas Paswan. | |||
| 22 May 2017 | 30 May 2019 | LJP | ||||
| Minister of Women and Child Development | 27 May 2014 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | |||
| Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers | 27 May 2014 | 12 November 2018 | BJP | |||
| 13 November 2018 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | Additional charge following demise of Ananth Kumar. | |||
| Minister of Communications and Information Technology | 27 May 2014 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | Bifurcated into Ministry of Communications and Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology. | ||
| Minister of Electronics and Information Technology | 5 July 2016 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | |||
| Minister of Law and Justice | 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | BJP | |||
| 9 November 2014 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | ||||
| 5 July 2016 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of Health and Family Welfare | 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | BJP | |||
| 9 November 2014 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of Civil Aviation | 27 May 2014 | 9 March 2018 | TDP | Resigned. | ||
| 10 March 2018 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | Additional charge following resignation of Ashok Gajapathi Raju. | |||
| Minister of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises | 27 May 2014 | 30 May 2019 | SS | |||
| Minister of Food Processing Industries | 27 May 2014 | 30 May 2019 | SAD | |||
| Minister of Mines | 27 May 2014 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | |||
| 5 July 2016 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | MoS (I/C) was responsible. | |||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of Steel | 27 May 2014 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | |||
| 5 July 2016 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of Tribal Affairs | 27 May 2014 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | |||
| Minister of Agriculture | 27 May 2014 | 27 August 2015 | BJP | Renamed as Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare. | ||
| Minister of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare | 27 August 2015 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | |||
| Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment | 27 May 2014 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | |||
| Minister of Human Resource Development | 27 May 2014 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | |||
| 5 July 2016 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of Science and Technology Minister of Earth Sciences | 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | BJP | MoS (I/C) was responsible. | ||
| 9 November 2014 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of Textiles | 27 May 2014 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | MoS (I/C) was responsible. | ||
| 5 July 2016 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change | 27 May 2014 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | MoS (I/C) was responsible. | ||
| 5 July 2016 | 18 May 2017 | BJP | MoS (I/C) was responsible. Died on 18 May 2017. | |||
| 18 May 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas | 27 May 2014 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | MoS (I/C) was responsible. | ||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship | 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | BJP | MoS (I/C) was responsible. | ||
| 9 November 2014 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | MoS (I/C) was responsible. | |||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of Coal | 27 May 2014 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | MoS (I/C) was responsible. | ||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of Labour and Employment | 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | BJP | |||
| Minister of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises | 27 May 2014 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | |||
| Minister of Information and Broadcasting | 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | BJP | MoS (I/C) was responsible. | ||
| 9 November 2014 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | ||||
| 5 July 2016 | 17 July 2017 | BJP | ||||
| 18 July 2017 | 14 May 2018 | BJP | ||||
Ministers of State (Independent Charge)
[edit]| Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Party | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Planning | 27 May 2014 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | |||
| Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Youth Affairs and Sports | 27 May 2014 | 22 May 2016 | BJP | |||
| 22 May 2016 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | Additional charge following resignation of Sarbananda Sonowal. | |||
| 5 July 2016 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | ||||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Power Minister of State (Independent Charge) of New and Renewable Energy | 27 May 2014 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | |||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Development of North Eastern Region | 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | BJP | |||
| 9 November 2014 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Culture | 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | BJP | |||
| 9 November 2014 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Tourism | 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | BJP | |||
| 9 November 2014 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | ||||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Labour and Employment | 9 November 2014 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | |||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State (Independent Charge) of AYUSH | 9 November 2014 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | |||
| Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Communications | 5 July 2016 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | |||
| Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises | 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | |||
| Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Housing and Urban Affairs | 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | |||
| Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Information and Broadcasting | 14 May 2018 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | |||
Ministers of State
[edit]| Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Party | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minister of State in the Ministry of External Affairs | 27 May 2014 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | |||
| 5 July 2016 | 17 October 2018 | BJP | Resigned. | |||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs | 27 May 2014 | 7 January 2016 | BJP | Merged with Ministry of External Affairs. | ||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Defence | 27 May 2014 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | |||
| 5 July 2016 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs | 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | BJP | |||
| 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | BJP | ||||
| 9 November 2014 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | ||||
| 9 November 2014 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | ||||
| 5 July 2016 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | ||||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation | 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | BJP | |||
| 9 November 2014 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | ||||
| 5 July 2016 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | ||||
| 5 July 2016 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | ||||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State in the Prime Minister's Office Minister of State in the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions Minister of State in the Department of Atomic Energy Minister of State in the Department of Space | 27 May 2014 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | |||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Finance | 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | BJP | |||
| 9 November 2014 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | ||||
| 5 July 2016 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | ||||
| 5 July 2016 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | ||||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Corporate Affairs | 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | BJP | |||
| 5 July 2016 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | ||||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Civil Aviation | 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | BJP | |||
| 9 November 2014 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | ||||
| 5 July 2016 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Railways | 27 May 2014 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | |||
| 5 July 2016 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers | 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | BJP | |||
| 9 November 2014 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | ||||
| 5 July 2016 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Rural Development | 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | RLSP | |||
| 9 November 2014 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | ||||
| 5 July 2016 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Panchayati Raj | 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | RLSP | |||
| 9 November 2014 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | ||||
| 5 July 2016 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation | 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | RLSP | |||
| 9 November 2014 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | ||||
| 5 July 2016 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| 3 September 2017 | 14 May 2018 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises | 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | BJP | |||
| 9 November 2014 | 12 July 2016 | BJP | ||||
| 12 July 2016 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Home Affairs | 27 May 2014 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | |||
| 9 November 2014 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | ||||
| 5 July 2016 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways | 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | BJP | |||
| 9 November 2014 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | ||||
| 5 July 2016 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Shipping | 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | BJP | |||
| 9 November 2014 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| 5 July 2016 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Agriculture | 27 May 2014 | 27 August 2015 | BJP | Renamed as Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare. | ||
| 9 November 2014 | 27 August 2015 | BJP | Renamed as Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare. | |||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare | 27 August 2015 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | |||
| 27 August 2015 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | ||||
| 5 July 2016 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | ||||
| 5 July 2016 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| 5 July 2016 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | ||||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Food Processing Industries | 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | BJP | |||
| 9 November 2014 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Tribal Affairs | 27 May 2014 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | |||
| 5 July 2016 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution | 27 May 2014 | 6 March 2015 | BJP | Resigned. | ||
| 5 July 2016 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Mines | 27 May 2014 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | |||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Steel | 27 May 2014 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | |||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Labour and Employment | 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | BJP | |||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment | 27 May 2014 | 9 November 2014 | BJP | |||
| 9 November 2014 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| 9 November 2014 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| 5 July 2016 | 30 May 2019 | RPI(A) | ||||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare | 9 November 2014 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | |||
| 5 July 2016 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | ||||
| 5 July 2016 | 30 May 2019 | AD(S) | ||||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Minority Affairs | 9 November 2014 | 12 July 2016 | BJP | |||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises | 9 November 2014 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | |||
| 5 July 2016 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Human Resource Development | 9 November 2014 | 11 December 2018 | RLSP | Resigned. | ||
| 9 November 2014 | 5 July 2016 | BJP | ||||
| 5 July 2016 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | ||||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Science and Technology Minister of State in the Ministry of Earth Sciences | 9 November 2014 | 9 March 2018 | TDP | Resigned. | ||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting | 9 November 2014 | 14 May 2018 | BJP | |||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Urban Development Minister of State in the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation | 9 November 2014 | 12 July 2016 | BJP | |||
| 5 July 2016 | 6 July 2017 | BJP | The Ministry of Urban Development and Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation were merged to form the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. | |||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs | 6 July 2017 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | |||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Textiles | 5 July 2016 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | |||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Women and Child Development | 5 July 2016 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | |||
| 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Law and Justice | 5 July 2016 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | |||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology | 5 July 2016 | 3 September 2017 | BJP | |||
| 3 September 2017 | 14 May 2018 | BJP | ||||
| 14 May 2018 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | ||||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation | 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | |||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change | 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | |||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Coal | 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | |||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship | 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | |||
| Minister of State in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry | 3 September 2017 | 30 May 2019 | BJP | |||
Demographics
[edit]Representation of cabinet ministers by party
- Bharatiya Janata Party (93.0%)
- Shiv Sena (1.41%)
- Republican Party of India (A) (1.41%)
- Lok Janshakti Party (1.41%)
- Shiromani Akali Dal (1.41%)
- Apna Dal (1.41%)
| Party | # Cabinet Ministers | # Ministers of State (I/C) | # Ministers of State | Total number of ministers | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bharatiya Janata Party | 23 | 11 | 32 | 66 | |
| Shiv Sena | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Shiromani Akali Dal | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Lok Janshakti Party | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Apna Dal | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Republican Party of India (A) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Total | 26 | 11 | 34 | 71 | |
Notes
[edit]- ^ In the 2014 general election, no opposition party obtained the minimum (55) amount of seats to become the official opposition, and thus there was no opposition leader. Mallikarjun Kharge was the leader of the Indian National Congress Party in the assembly, which had the largest number (44) of seats in the opposition.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Shubhojit (1 July 2014). "Women Cabinet Ministers in India". elections.in. Archived from the original on 6 July 2014. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
- ^ "Narendra Modi appointed PM, swearing-in on May 26". The Indian Express. Press Trust of India. 20 May 2014. Archived from the original on 20 May 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
- ^ L. Vincent, Pheroze (9 November 2014). "21 new Ministers inducted into Modi Cabinet". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 9 November 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
- ^ Dhoot, Vikas (2 June 2014). "With key men in place, Narendra Modi PMO gradually takes shape". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 4 June 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
- ^ "Narendra Modi abolishes all GOMs, EGOMs". The Economic Times. 1 June 2014. Archived from the original on 3 June 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
- ^ a b Sinha, Shishir (31 May 2014). "Modi Govt abolishes all EGoMs, GoMs". Business Line. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
- ^ Shrivastava, Rahul (31 May 2014). "Narendra Modi Overturns UPA Legacy, Abolishes Ministerial Panels and Empowered Groups of Ministers". NDTV. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
- ^ a b Singh, D.K. (1 June 2014). "Prime Minister Narendra Modi to shed UPA baggage: GoMs, EGoMs to be junked". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 1 June 2014. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
- ^ Deshpande, Rajeev (1 June 2014). "Modi government scraps ministerial panels". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 1 June 2014. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
- ^ "Gopinath Munde: Indian minister dies in car crash". BBC News. BBC. 3 June 2014. Archived from the original on 3 June 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
- ^ Dutta, Saptarishi (3 June 2014). "Minister Gopinath Munde Dies in Car Crash". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
- ^ Sikdar, Shubhomoy; Perappadan, Bindu Shajan (3 June 2014). "Gopinath Munde dies in road accident". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
- ^ "Nitin Gadkari given additional charge of portfolios held by Gopinath Munde". The Indian Express. 4 June 2014. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
- ^ "Meramaal Launches Information About Government Schemes on Its Portal". Yahoo! Finance. 20 December 2018. Archived from the original on 31 December 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
- ^ "Narendra Modi trims Cabinet Committees, scraps four". The Indian Express. 10 June 2014. Archived from the original on 10 June 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
- ^ "PM Narendra Modi scraps 4 Cabinet Committees, including one on UIDAI". The Economic Times. 11 June 2014. Archived from the original on 12 June 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
- ^ "President Kovind accepts PM's resignation; asks him to continue till new government assumes office". The Times of India. 24 May 2019. Archived from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
- ^ "PM Modi Spends an Eventful Friday with Staff after Council of Ministers Resigns to Make Way for Next Term". News18. 24 May 2019. Archived from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
- ^ "Council of Ministers". India.gov.in. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
- ^ "Union Council of Ministers". India.gov.in. Archived from the original on 10 December 2014. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ "Full list: PM Modi's new-look Cabinet". The Times of India. 5 July 2016. Archived from the original on 5 July 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
- ^ "President of India allocates portfolios of the Council of Ministers". Press Information Bureau. 3 September 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Modi ministry.
- Website of Cabinet Secretariat of India
- Council of Ministers – Official Portal of the Indian Government
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First Modi ministry
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Background and Formation
Pre-Election Political Context
The United Progressive Alliance (UPA), led by the Indian National Congress, formed its second government in 2009 after securing 206 seats in the Lok Sabha elections, compared to the Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic Alliance's 116 seats.[10] This victory extended Congress's rule to a decade, but the administration under Prime Minister Manmohan Singh soon encountered mounting criticism for governance lapses and stalled decision-making, often termed "policy paralysis."[11] High-profile corruption scandals eroded public trust in the UPA. The 2G spectrum allocation scam, exposed in 2010, involved irregularities in telecom licenses awarded in 2008, with the Comptroller and Auditor General estimating a presumptive loss of ₹1.76 lakh crore to the exchequer.[12] The Commonwealth Games organizing committee faced allegations of embezzlement and mismanagement in 2010, leading to arrests and probes into inflated contracts worth thousands of crores.[12] The coal block allocation scam, revealed in a 2012 CAG report, highlighted non-auctioned allotments causing an estimated ₹1.86 lakh crore loss, prompting Supreme Court intervention and cancellation of 214 blocks.[13] Economic headwinds intensified anti-incumbency. India's GDP growth decelerated to 4.7% in the fiscal year 2012-13, down from double digits earlier in the decade, amid high inflation peaking at 11.24% in November 2013 and a current account deficit reaching 4.8% of GDP.[14][15] The Indian rupee depreciated sharply by about 18% against the US dollar in mid-2013, from around ₹55 to ₹65 per dollar, exacerbating import costs and fueling fears of a balance-of-payments crisis.[16] In response, the opposition Bharatiya Janata Party projected Narendra Modi, Gujarat's Chief Minister, as its prime ministerial candidate on September 13, 2013, emphasizing his state's development record to contrast with UPA's record.[17]2014 Lok Sabha Election Results
The 2014 general elections for the 16th Lok Sabha were held across nine phases from 7 April to 12 May 2014, involving 543 constituencies and approximately 814 million eligible voters. Results were announced on 16 May 2014, marking a significant political shift as the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), led by Narendra Modi as its prime ministerial candidate, secured an absolute majority independently for the first time since the Indian National Congress's win in 1984. The BJP won 282 seats with 31.0% of the vote share, enabling it to form the government without mandatory reliance on coalition partners, though its National Democratic Alliance (NDA) allies contributed additional seats for a combined total of 336. Voter turnout reached 66.4%, reflecting heightened participation compared to the 58.2% in 2009, amid widespread anti-incumbency against the incumbent United Progressive Alliance government led by the Congress.[18]| Alliance/Party | Seats Won | Vote Share (%) |
|---|---|---|
| NDA (led by BJP) | 336 | 38.5 |
| BJP | 282 | 31.0 |
| United Progressive Alliance (led by INC) | 59 | 19.3 |
| INC | 44 | 19.3 |
| Others | 148 | 42.2 |
Swearing-in and Initial Cabinet Formation
Narendra Modi was sworn in as the 14th Prime Minister of India on 26 May 2014 at the forecourt of Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi, with President Pranab Mukherjee administering the oath of office and secrecy.[22] The ceremony, which began around 6:00 PM IST, included oaths for 44 additional ministers, forming an initial Council of Ministers totaling 45 members—the smallest such body since independence, reflecting Modi's emphasis on a lean and efficient administration.[23] Attendees included heads of state from SAARC nations, such as Pakistan's Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, alongside domestic political figures and over 4,000 guests, with the event live-telecast nationwide.[24] The initial cabinet's formation followed the BJP-led NDA's decisive victory in the 2014 Lok Sabha elections, where Modi staked his claim to form the government on 19 May after consultations with President Mukherjee.[25] Cabinet deliberations spanned about 10 days, involving intensive discussions at BJP headquarters, the RSS office, and Gujarat Bhawan, prioritizing experienced leaders and balancing regional, caste, and ideological representation while excluding certain figures perceived as liabilities.[26] The lineup comprised 24 cabinet ministers (including the Prime Minister), 10 ministers of state with independent charge, and 11 ministers of state, drawn primarily from BJP ranks with limited NDA ally inclusion to underscore the party's outright majority of 282 seats.[23] This structure aimed at streamlined decision-making, with portfolios allocated post-ceremony to align with policy priorities like economic revival and governance reform.[27] The swearing-in marked a symbolic shift toward Modi's vision of "minimum government, maximum governance," as articulated in his post-oath address, where he pledged inclusive development without referencing specific ideological markers.[22] Seven women were inducted as ministers, including cabinet-rank positions, though overall gender representation remained modest at about 15%.[24] The cabinet's composition avoided over-reliance on any single faction, incorporating technocrats and long-serving BJP loyalists, setting the stage for the first cabinet meeting on 27 May, which focused on immediate administrative directives.[28]Cabinet Composition
Cabinet Ministers
The Cabinet Ministers formed the core executive body of the First Modi ministry, responsible for major policy decisions and heading key departments. Sworn in on 26 May 2014 following the Bharatiya Janata Party's victory in the 2014 Lok Sabha elections, the initial cabinet comprised 24 members, including Prime Minister Narendra Modi, marking a deliberate reduction from the 29 cabinet ministers in the preceding United Progressive Alliance government to promote efficiency and fiscal restraint.[6][26] Modi retained direct charge of critical portfolios including the Department of Atomic Energy, Department of Space, and Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, emphasizing centralized oversight in strategic areas.[6] Key appointments reflected a balance of experience and loyalty within the BJP, with senior leaders assigned to high-stakes ministries such as home affairs, finance, and defence. Rajnath Singh was appointed Minister of Home Affairs, Sushma Swaraj handled External Affairs, and Arun Jaitley took Finance along with initial responsibility for Defence and Corporate Affairs.[29][6] Other notable cabinet members included Nitin Gadkari for Road Transport and Highways and Shipping, and Venkaiah Naidu for Urban Development, Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, and Parliamentary Affairs.[29]| Minister | Portfolio(s) |
|---|---|
| Narendra Modi | Prime Minister; Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions; Atomic Energy; Space; and other departments without a cabinet minister |
| Rajnath Singh | Home Affairs |
| Sushma Swaraj | External Affairs; Overseas Indian Affairs |
| Arun Jaitley | Finance; Corporate Affairs; Defence (until 9 November 2014) |
| Nitin Gadkari | Road Transport and Highways; Shipping; Rural Development (from 5 July 2016) |
| Venkaiah Naidu | Urban Development; Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation; Parliamentary Affairs |
| D. V. Sadananda Gowda | Railways (until 9 November 2014) |
| Ram Vilas Paswan | Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution |
| Kalraj Mishra | Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises |
| Maneka Gandhi | Women and Child Development |
| Ananth Kumar | Chemicals and Fertilizers |
| Ravi Shankar Prasad | Communications and Information Technology; Law and Justice |
| Harsh Vardhan | Health and Family Welfare |
| Narendra Singh Tomar | Agriculture and Farmers Welfare; Food Processing Industries (initially) |
| Chaudhary Birender Singh | Steel |
| Anant Geete | Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises |
| Harsimrat Kaur Badal | Food Processing Industries |
| Jual Oram | Tribal Affairs |
| Gopinath Munde | Rural Development; Panchayati Raj; Drinking Water and Sanitation (until 3 June 2014) |
| Suresh Prabhu | Railways (from 9 November 2014) |
| Manohar Parrikar | Defence (from 9 November 2014) |
Ministers of State (Independent Charge)
The Ministers of State with Independent Charge in the initial composition of the First Modi Ministry, allocated portfolios on 27 May 2014 following the swearing-in on 26 May 2014, oversaw designated ministries autonomously.[32] These included:| Minister | Portfolio(s) with Independent Charge |
|---|---|
| General (Retd.) V. K. Singh | Development of North Eastern Region |
| Rao Inderjit Singh | Planning; Statistics and Programme Implementation |
| Santosh Kumar Gangwar | Textiles |
| Shripad Yesso Naik | Culture; Tourism |
| Dharmendra Pradhan | Petroleum and Natural Gas |
Ministers of State
The First Modi Ministry appointed ten Ministers of State without independent charge on 27 May 2014, assisting senior cabinet ministers in specified portfolios.[31] These junior ministers were selected primarily from Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) Members of Parliament, reflecting the party's dominance following the 2014 Lok Sabha elections where it secured 282 seats independently.[31]| Minister | Portfolio(s) |
|---|---|
| Kiren Rijiju | Home Affairs |
| Krishan Pal Gujjar | Road Transport and Highways; Shipping |
| Sanjiv Baliyan | Agriculture; Food Processing Industries |
| Mansukhbhai Dhanjibhai Vasava | Tribal Affairs |
| Raosaheb Dadarao Patil Danve | Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution |
| Vishnu Deo Sai | Mines; Steel; Labour and Employment |
| Sudarshan Bhagat | Social Justice and Empowerment |
| Upendra Kushwaha | Rural Development; Panchayati Raj; Drinking Water and Sanitation |
| Nihalchand | Chemicals and Fertilizers |
| Pon Radhakrishnan | Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises |
Demographic Characteristics
Gender and Caste Representation
The initial Council of Ministers in the First Modi ministry, sworn in on May 26, 2014, comprised 45 members, including 10 women, or approximately 22% of the total.[36] Of these, six women held cabinet rank: Sushma Swaraj (External Affairs and Overseas Indian Affairs), Uma Bharti (Drinking Water and Sanitation), Smriti Irani (Human Resource Development), Nirmala Sitharaman (Minister of State with independent charge of Commerce and Industry), Maneka Gandhi (Minister of State with independent charge of Women and Child Development), and Najma Heptulla (Minister of State with independent charge of Minority Affairs).[36] The remaining four women served as Ministers of State without independent charge. This marked the highest number of women in a Union Council of Ministers at the time, exceeding the proportion of women elected to the 16th Lok Sabha (62 out of 543, or 11.4%).[37] Subsequent reshuffles, such as the November 2014 expansion, increased the number of women to eight.[38] In terms of caste composition, the initial cabinet included 20 ministers from upper castes (general category), 13 from Other Backward Classes (OBCs), 3 from Scheduled Castes (SCs), and 6 from Scheduled Tribes (STs).[39] Prime Minister Narendra Modi, himself from the Ghanchi OBC community, headed the ministry, which drew criticism from opposition parties for perceived over-representation of upper castes relative to their estimated 24% share of the population, while SC and ST representation aligned roughly with or slightly exceeded their demographic proportions of 16% and 8%, respectively.[39] OBC inclusion, at about 29% of ministers, reflected the Bharatiya Janata Party's (BJP) outreach to backward classes but fell short of their approximate 52% population share, as estimated in various surveys. Caste affiliations in cabinet selections were not officially disclosed by the government, leading to reliance on party disclosures and media analyses for breakdowns; such data often served political narratives rather than empirical policy metrics.[39]Regional, Educational, and Professional Profiles
The First Modi ministry exhibited a regional skew toward northern and Hindi heartland states, reflecting the Bharatiya Janata Party's (BJP) electoral strongholds in the 2014 Lok Sabha elections. Uttar Pradesh held the highest representation with nine ministers, followed by Maharashtra with six, while Gujarat and Karnataka each had three.[40] Southern states had limited inclusion, with Andhra Pradesh initially lacking any ministers, underscoring a northern dominance in the initial 45-member council.[41] This distribution prioritized BJP-ruled or allied states, with minimal allocation to opposition-dominated regions like Tamil Nadu or Kerala. Educational qualifications among ministers were diverse, ranging from advanced degrees to secondary-level completion. Prime Minister Narendra Modi held a Master of Arts in political science from Gujarat University, while cabinet ministers like Nirmala Sitharaman possessed an MA, MPhil, and PhD in international studies, and Harsh Vardhan had MBBS and MS degrees.[42] However, seven cabinet ministers lacked even a bachelor's degree, including some with education limited to class 10 or below, such as G.M. Siddeswara (matriculation) and others with intermediate or diploma-level credentials.[43] [44] Overall, postgraduates and professionals (e.g., in medicine or engineering) numbered fewer than ten, with the majority holding undergraduate or lower qualifications, as per election affidavits filed with the Election Commission of India.[45] Professionally, the ministry comprised predominantly career politicians with deep roots in the BJP and its ideological affiliate, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). Key figures like Rajnath Singh (former Uttar Pradesh chief minister) and Nitin Gadkari (engineer-turned-party organizer) brought state-level administrative experience, while Arun Jaitley, a senior lawyer, handled finance and defense.[29] A smaller subset included former state chief ministers such as Manohar Parrikar (engineer and Goa CM, inducted later in 2014) and professionals like Suresh Prabhu (management background).[35] Few had non-political careers in business or academia at induction, emphasizing loyalty and organizational experience over diverse sectoral expertise.[46]Core Policy Initiatives
Economic Reforms and Fiscal Measures
The First Modi ministry prioritized structural reforms to address inefficiencies in India's indirect taxation, insolvency framework, and informal economy, aiming to enhance revenue mobilization, ease of doing business through regulatory simplifications such as faster business registration and electricity connections—which propelled India from 142nd to 63rd in the World Bank's Doing Business rankings from 2014 to 2019—and long-term growth.[47] Key initiatives included the rollout of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) on July 1, 2017, which consolidated multiple central and state levies into a unified system to reduce cascading taxes and broaden the tax base.[48] [49] The GST regime introduced multiple slabs (0% to 28%) and input tax credits, leading to initial implementation challenges such as compliance disruptions for small businesses and a temporary dip in economic activity, but it subsequently boosted formalization, with gross GST collections rising from ₹7.41 lakh crore in FY 2017-18 to ₹11.77 lakh crore in FY 2018-19.[50] Complementing GST, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) was enacted on May 28, 2016, establishing a time-bound resolution process (180-330 days) for corporate insolvency to maximize asset value and creditor recovery.[51] Prior to IBC, recovery rates averaged below 25% through protracted litigation; post-implementation, realized recoveries reached around 50% of admitted claims in resolved cases by 2019, fostering deleveraging among listed firms (e.g., average debt-to-equity ratios declined significantly) and inducing behavioral shifts among defaulters toward timely repayments.[52] [51] The code resolved over 200 cases by mid-2019, injecting liquidity into the banking system by addressing non-performing assets that had peaked at 11.2% of advances in 2018.[51] To promote digital payments, financial inclusion, and a cashless economy, the ministry supported the launch of the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) on April 11, 2016, by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), enabling instant real-time inter-bank transactions via mobile applications.[53] A controversial fiscal shock was the demonetization of ₹500 and ₹1,000 notes on November 8, 2016, invalidating 86% of currency in circulation to curb black money, counterfeit currency, and terror financing.[54] The move caused acute cash shortages, contracting manufacturing and service sector output (e.g., industrial production growth fell to -1.6% in December 2016) and reducing overall economic activity by an estimated 3 percentage points in November-December 2016, with disproportionate impacts on informal labor-intensive sectors.[55] [56] While 99% of demonetized notes returned to banks, indicating limited black money eradication, it accelerated digital payments (UPI transactions surged post-2016) and expanded the tax base, with direct tax collections growing 18% annually from FY 2017-18 onward.[54] [57] On fiscal policy, the ministry adhered to the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act's glide path, targeting a central fiscal deficit of 4.1% of GDP for FY 2014-15 (achieved) and reducing it to 3.9% in FY 2015-16 through expenditure rationalization and disinvestment proceeds exceeding ₹40,000 crore in 2014-15.[58] [59] Subsequent years saw slippages to 3.5% in FY 2016-17 and 3.4% in FY 2017-18, attributed to revenue shortfalls from GST rollout and demonetization, though the government avoided off-budget borrowings and prioritized capital expenditure, which rose 10.4% annually on average.[58] Complementary measures included liberalizing foreign direct investment (FDI) norms, permitting 100% FDI in sectors like railways and defense (up to certain limits) by 2016, which tripled FDI inflows to $60.1 billion in FY 2016-17 from pre-2014 levels.[60]Social Welfare and Development Programs
The First Modi ministry prioritized social welfare initiatives aimed at addressing basic needs such as sanitation, financial inclusion, clean cooking fuel, and gender equity, launching several flagship programs between 2014 and 2019 to target underserved populations. These efforts focused on empirical outcomes like infrastructure provision and behavioral change, with official data indicating substantial scale-up in service delivery, though independent assessments highlight challenges in sustained usage and verification of open defecation-free claims.[61][62] The Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), launched on October 2, 2014, sought to achieve universal sanitation coverage by October 2, 2019, through the construction of individual household latrines (IHHLs) and promotion of behavioral shifts away from open defecation. By the end of phase I in 2019, over 10 crore IHHLs were built, increasing rural sanitation coverage from 39% in 2014 to nearly 100%, with more than 6 lakh villages declared open defecation-free (ODF).[61][63] Empirical studies link this expansion to reductions in infant mortality, attributing causality to decreased waterborne disease incidence from improved toilet access.[64] Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY), initiated on May 1, 2016, provided deposit-free liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) connections to women from below-poverty-line households to reduce reliance on traditional biomass fuels, targeting an initial 5 crore connections. By September 7, 2019, the scheme exceeded its revised target of 8 crore connections, boosting LPG coverage from 62% in 2016 to over 95% among intended beneficiaries and correlating with lower respiratory health risks in households.[65][66] Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), rolled out on August 28, 2014, facilitated zero-balance bank accounts with RuPay debit cards and overdraft facilities to enhance financial inclusion, particularly in rural and female demographics. Within the first term, it opened over 30 crore accounts by 2018, with deposits surpassing ₹80,000 crore, enabling direct benefit transfers that reduced leakages in subsidy distribution; approximately 55% of accounts were held by women and 60% in rural areas.[67] Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP), launched on January 22, 2015, in 100 districts with low child sex ratios, combined awareness campaigns, enforcement against sex-selective practices, and incentives for girl child education to improve the sex ratio at birth (SRB). By 2019, 422 of 640 covered districts showed SRB improvements, alongside increased enrollment of girls in schools and functional toilets in educational facilities, though nationwide SRB rose modestly from 918 girls per 1,000 boys in 2014-15.[68][69] Ayushman Bharat, introduced on September 23, 2018, as the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY), offered up to ₹5 lakh annual health insurance per family for secondary and tertiary care to over 10 crore vulnerable households, marking the initial rollout in the ministry's final year with empanelment of hospitals and early coverage claims processed.[70]Foreign Policy and National Security Priorities
The First Modi ministry emphasized a proactive foreign policy framework centered on "Neighborhood First," which prioritized diplomatic and economic engagement with immediate neighbors through initiatives like inviting SAARC leaders to Modi's swearing-in ceremony on May 26, 2014, and subsequent bilateral visits and aid packages to countries including Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh.[71] This approach aimed to counterbalance China's regional influence via enhanced connectivity projects, such as power grids and transit agreements, though it faced setbacks from cross-border terrorism originating from Pakistan and border tensions with China.[72] Complementing this was the elevation of the "Look East" to "Act East" policy announced in 2014, which accelerated strategic partnerships with ASEAN nations, Japan, and Australia through defense pacts, joint exercises, and infrastructure investments totaling over $10 billion in Southeast Asia by 2019, fostering maritime security cooperation under the Security and Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR) vision.[73] Ties with the United States strengthened markedly, marked by President Obama's Republic Day visit to India in January 2015 and the signing of the Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement (LEMOA) in 2016, enabling mutual military logistics support and elevating the bilateral strategic partnership.[74] On national security, the ministry responded decisively to provocations, including the September 18, 2016, Uri attack that killed 19 Indian soldiers, prompting cross-Line of Control surgical strikes on September 29, 2016, targeting terrorist launch pads in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir, as confirmed by the Indian Director General of Military Operations.[75] Similarly, during the 73-day Doklam standoff from June 16 to August 28, 2017, Indian troops halted Chinese road construction in Bhutanese territory, leading to mutual disengagement without concessions, underscoring a firm stance on tri-junction territorial integrity. Defense reforms included implementing One Rank One Pension (OROP) on November 7, 2015, providing uniform pensions based on last drawn rank and service length, with arrears disbursed to over 2 million ex-servicemen effective from July 1, 2014, addressing long-standing military grievances.[76] The period also saw increased defense indigenization efforts, with the defense budget rising to ₹2.95 lakh crore by 2019, and preparatory steps toward integrating military commands, culminating in the December 2019 establishment of the Chief of Defence Staff post.[77] These measures aimed to enhance operational readiness amid persistent threats from Pakistan-sponsored militancy and Chinese assertiveness.Administrative Changes
November 2014 Expansion
On 9 November 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi expanded the Union Council of Ministers for the first time since taking office in May, inducting 21 new members and increasing the total to 66 from an initial lean structure of 45.[35][78] The additions comprised 4 Cabinet Ministers, 3 Ministers of State with independent charge, and 14 Ministers of State, reflecting a strategy to incorporate administrative expertise while rewarding political allies and enhancing regional representation.[78][79] Key Cabinet appointments included Manohar Parrikar as Minister of Defence, relieving Arun Jaitley of the additional charge to concentrate on Finance; Suresh Prabhu as Minister of Railways; J. P. Nadda as Minister of Health and Family Welfare; and Birendra Singh as Minister of Rural Development, Panchayati Raj, Drinking Water, and Sanitation.[78][80] Accompanying reshuffles saw D. V. Sadananda Gowda shift from Railways to Law and Justice, and Harsh Vardhan move from Health to Science and Technology and Earth Sciences.[78][81] Among Ministers of State with independent charge, Rajiv Pratap Rudy was assigned Skill Development, Entrepreneurship, and Parliamentary Affairs; Bandaru Dattatreya received Labour and Employment; and Mahesh Sharma took Culture, Tourism, and Civil Aviation.[78] Standout Ministers of State included Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore, an Olympic shooting medalist and army veteran, appointed to Information and Broadcasting; Babul Supriyo, a singer and the youngest inductee at age 43, to Urban Development, Housing, and Urban Poverty Alleviation; and Vijay Sampla, from a plumbing background, to Social Justice and Empowerment.[80][35] The expansion prioritized inductees with professional credentials—such as engineers, doctors, and former state chief ministers—alongside those offering electoral appeal from underrepresented regions like Bihar, West Bengal, and Punjab, and communities including Jats and Dalits.[78][80] This adjustment maintained the council below the constitutional limit of 91 while addressing governance demands across key sectors.[78]July 2016 Reshuffle
On July 5, 2016, Prime Minister Narendra Modi expanded the Union Council of Ministers by inducting 19 new Ministers of State, marking the first major reshuffle since the ministry's formation in 2014.[82] This move increased the total strength to 78 members, approaching the constitutional limit of 81, and aimed to inject fresh perspectives while addressing governance priorities ahead of state elections in Uttar Pradesh and other regions.[83] The changes emphasized representation from underrepresented groups, including five Scheduled Caste members, three Scheduled Tribe members, and two Other Backward Classes members among the inductees.[83] Five Ministers of State tendered resignations prior to the expansion, including Nihal Chand Meghwal (Chemicals and Fertilizers), Ram Shankar Katheria (Human Resource Development), Sanwar Lal Jat (Water Resources), Manuskhbhai D. Vasava (Tribal Affairs), and Mukund Kaushik Kundariya (Agriculture).[84] These exits were linked to performance reviews and specific controversies, such as Katheria's involvement in campus unrest and Irani's tenure marked by protests over student suicides and policy disputes in higher education.[85] Key portfolio shifts included the elevation of Prakash Javadekar from Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Environment, Forest and Climate Change to full Cabinet Minister for Human Resource Development.[86] Smriti Irani was reassigned from Human Resource Development to the Ministry of Textiles, a demotion in perceived prestige amid criticism of her handling of educational reforms and institutional autonomy issues.[87] Arun Jaitley relinquished Information and Broadcasting, consolidating focus on Finance.[82] The new Ministers of State and their initial portfolios were as follows:| Minister | Portfolio(s) |
|---|---|
| S.S. Ahluwalia | Agriculture and Farmers Welfare; Parliamentary Affairs |
| Faggan Singh Kulaste | Health and Family Welfare |
| Ramesh Chandappa Jigajinagi | Drinking Water and Sanitation |
| Anil Madhav Dave | Environment, Forest and Climate Change (Independent Charge) |
| P.P. Chaudhary | Law and Justice; Electronics and Information Technology |
| Vijay Goel | Youth Affairs and Sports; Water Resources (Independent Charge) |
| Rajen Gohain | Railways |
| Mansukh L. Mandaviya | Road Transport and Highways; Shipping; Chemicals and Fertilizers |
| Parshottam Rupala | Agriculture and Farmers Welfare; Panchayati Raj |
| Ajay Tamta | Textiles |
| M.J. Akbar | External Affairs |
| Arjun Ram Meghwal | Finance and Corporate Affairs |
| Jasvantsinh Bhabhor | Tribal Affairs |
| C.R. Chaudhary | Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution |
| Krishna Raj | Women and Child Development |
| Subhash Ramrao Bhamre | Defence |
| Mahendra Nath Pandey | Human Resource Development |
| Anupriya Singh Patel | Health and Family Welfare |
| Ramdas Athawale | Social Justice and Empowerment |
September 2017 Adjustments
On September 3, 2017, Prime Minister Narendra Modi undertook the third major reshuffle of the Council of Ministers since taking office in 2014, inducting nine new Ministers of State while dropping six underperforming members and elevating four others to Cabinet rank.[89][90] The changes, effective immediately following the swearing-in at Rashtrapati Bhavan, emphasized performance accountability, with sources indicating the dropped ministers had resigned or been asked to step down due to inadequate delivery in their portfolios.[91][92] The ministers removed included Cabinet members Kalraj Mishra (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises), Bandaru Dattatreya (Labour and Employment), and Rajiv Pratap Rudy (Skill Development and Entrepreneurship), alongside Ministers of State Faggan Singh Kulaste (Water Resources), Sanjeev Balyan (Water Resources), and Mahendra Nath Pandey (Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises).[91][92] These exits created vacancies filled by fresh inductees, four of whom were former civil servants—Raj Kumar Singh, Alphons Kannanthanam, Atul Ganesh Karmarkar, and Jasvantsinh Sumanbhai Bhabhor—aimed at bolstering administrative efficiency in key sectors like power, tourism, and social justice.[89] The other new Ministers of State were Shiv Pratap Shukla (Finance), Ashwini Kumar Choubey (Health and Family Welfare), Virendra Kumar (Social Justice and Empowerment), and Krishna Prasad Rai (Health and Family Welfare).[93][94] Elevations to full Cabinet status rewarded demonstrated competence: Piyush Goyal (previously Minister of State for Power, Coal, New and Renewable Energy, and Mines), Nirmala Sitharaman (Commerce and Industry), Dharmendra Pradhan (Petroleum and Natural Gas), and Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi (Minority Affairs).[90][95] Portfolio reallocations followed, with Nirmala Sitharaman assuming Defence (relieving Arun Jaitley, who focused solely on Finance), Suresh Prabhu transferring from Railways to Commerce and Industry, and Piyush Goyal taking Railways alongside Coal.[93][95] These shifts addressed operational challenges in infrastructure and security sectors, aligning with Modi's governance priorities ahead of state assembly elections in Gujarat and other regions.[92][90] The reshuffle expanded the Council to 73 members, prioritizing technocratic input and regional balance, particularly from eastern Uttar Pradesh.[89]Empirical Achievements
Economic Growth and Structural Reforms
India's economy experienced robust growth during the first Modi ministry, with annual GDP expansion averaging approximately 7.4% from 2014 to 2018, driven by structural reforms aimed at enhancing efficiency, formalization, and investment inflows.[96] This period marked a shift from the preceding United Progressive Alliance government's slower growth trajectory, attributed in part to policy stability and pro-business measures that improved India's global ease of doing business ranking from 142nd in 2014 to 63rd by 2019. Growth was supported by rising foreign direct investment (FDI), which totaled $357.35 billion in equity inflows from April 2014 to March 2020, representing over half of cumulative FDI since 2000 and reflecting liberalized sectoral caps in defense, railways, and insurance.[97]| Year | GDP Growth (Annual %) |
|---|---|
| 2014 | 7.41 |
| 2015 | 8.00 |
| 2016 | 8.26 |
| 2017 | 6.80 |
| 2018 | 6.45 |