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Fos-sur-Mer (French pronunciation: [fɔs syʁ mɛʁ], literally Fos on Sea; Provençal: Fòs) is a port town and commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in southern France. It is one of the busiest ports in Europe despite its small size.[3]

Key Information

Geography

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Fos-sur-Mer is situated about 50 km (31 mi) north west of Marseille, on the Mediterranean coast, and to the west of the Étang de Berre. The city has 6 km (3.7 mi) of sand beach.

Population

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Economy

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Fos is the site of a major port development operated by the Autonomous Port of Marseille. The facilities include container handling terminals and a gas (methane) terminal. The waterside location of the industrial zone is attractive to heavy industry including steel.

The steel group ArcelorMittal has its Sollac Méditerranée plant here (merged into ArcelorMittal in 2006). The presence of the steel, chemistry and oil industries means that pollution levels are high.

Sports

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Fos-sur-Mer is home to Fos Provence Basket which plays its home games at the 2,000 seat Complexe sportif Parsemain.

See also

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References

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Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Fos-sur-Mer

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Fos-sur-Mer is a coastal commune in the department of the region in , situated on the at the head of the Gulf of Fos, approximately 50 kilometers northwest of . As of 2022, the commune has a population of 15,694 inhabitants and spans an area of 92.31 square kilometers, with a density of 170 inhabitants per square kilometer. The territory features a mix of sandy beaches stretching over 6 kilometers, wetlands, and nature reserves, including the Étang de l'Olivier and the regional park of the , supporting diverse ecosystems and water sports activities. Historically, Fos-sur-Mer originated as a modest and farming village in antiquity, with Roman settlements and a medieval fortress known as the Tour de l'Hauture overlooking the gulf. Its transformation began in the 1960s when the French government designated the area for industrial development, establishing the Fos industrial and port zone to expand the . This shift turned Fos-sur-Mer into a pivotal economic center, hosting the western part of the Grand Port Maritime de Marseille-Fos, one of Europe's largest ports. The economy is dominated by the port and adjacent industries, which handled 70.5 million tonnes of goods as of 2024, including containers, , and hydrocarbons, supporting sectors like , production, and . The industrial zone, spanning over 10,000 hectares, attracts major international companies and contributes significantly to regional , though it has raised environmental concerns related to air and , including a 2025 indictment of for pollution endangering lives, amid ongoing efforts toward decarbonization. Today, Fos-sur-Mer balances its industrial prominence with , drawing visitors to its beaches, heritage sites, and proximity to natural areas.

History

Ancient and Medieval Periods

The area of present-day Fos-sur-Mer served as a significant Roman port known as Fossae Marianae, established around the 1st century BCE at the Mediterranean outlet of the Fossa Mariana canal. This canal, constructed in 102 BCE by the Roman general , linked the River directly to the Gulf of Fos, bypassing silting channels and enabling efficient maritime trade for goods such as grain, wine, and ceramics from inland to the broader Mediterranean network. Archaeological investigations have uncovered submerged harbor installations, including quays and warehouses, along with geoarchaeological traces of a navigable canal buried under sediment, underscoring the site's role in Rome's provincial economy and connectivity to ports like Arles. During the early medieval period, Fos-sur-Mer emerged as a defensive stronghold amid threats from Moorish incursions into , with the construction of the Château de Fos (also called Château de l'Hauture) in the 10th to 11th centuries. Built by local lords to protect coastal routes and resources, the fortress occupied a overlooking the gulf, its architecture featuring robust stone walls and an inclined rock foundation that evoked the bow of a ship, enhancing its stability against sieges. The structure symbolized feudal control in the region, serving as a bulwark until the 13th century when came under Angevin rule, though it underwent significant remodeling in the to preserve its ruins. Medieval life in Fos-sur-Mer revolved around subsistence and trade activities suited to its marshy coastal environment, with fishing in the gulf and Étang de Berre providing staples like mullet and , supported by archaeological finds of hooks, nets, and fish-processing tools from the 10th to 14th centuries. Salt production from the adjacent salins, involving in shallow ponds, was a key economic driver, supplying preservation needs for and regional markets, while focused on hardy crops like and olives in the surrounding Crau plain. The site's strategic position in , bridging maritime access and inland territories, reinforced its importance for local lords overseeing these resources until the .

Modern Industrial Transformation

Prior to the 1960s, Fos-sur-Mer was a small rural village primarily sustained by , , and a modest salt production industry, with a of approximately 2,800 residents in 1962. The local economy revolved around traditional activities such as crop farming in the surrounding plains, coastal in the Golfe de Fos, and salt extraction from nearby marshes, which had been a staple since earlier centuries but remained limited in scale. This quiet, agrarian lifestyle persisted amid the broader region's slower modernization, with the village's isolation contributing to its stable but unremarkable demographic profile. The transformation began in 1964 when the French government established the Zone Industrialo-Portuaire de Fos-sur-Mer (ZIP), a vast industrial zone spanning 10,000 hectares around the Golfe de Fos, aimed at fostering heavy industry and port expansion to bolster national economic growth. This initiative marked a deliberate shift from rural underdevelopment to strategic urbanization, with initial investments focused on dredging the gulf and constructing deep-water port facilities to accommodate large-scale cargo and oil tankers. The ZIP's creation triggered a rapid influx of factories, including plans in the mid-1960s leading to the establishment of Solmer, a Sollac subsidiary, in 1970 with construction beginning shortly thereafter, and the 1965 opening of the Esso refinery, which together catalyzed petrochemical development and diversified the site's industrial base. By the 1970s, Fos-sur-Mer was fully integrated into the Grand Port Maritime de Marseille as its western extension, solidifying the area's role as a key Mediterranean hub for bulk goods like oil and steel, with port traffic peaking as Europe's second-largest at the time. This period saw the arrival of additional petrochemical plants and steel facilities, driven by state-led policies to relocate heavy industry to coastal sites for import efficiency. Socially, the industrial boom spurred significant population growth, rising from 2,869 in 1968 to 6,709 by 1975, as migrant workers from across France and abroad settled in new housing developments, straining local infrastructure and altering community dynamics from rural homogeneity to diverse urban influx. Environmentally, the rapid construction led to habitat disruption in the Golfe de Fos wetlands, increased air and water pollution from emissions and effluents, and early protests over ecological degradation, including fears of hydrocarbon contamination in the Camargue region.

Geography

Location and Topography

Fos-sur-Mer is situated in the department within the region of . The commune occupies a strategic coastal position on the Golfe de Fos, a shallow inlet of the Mediterranean Sea's , nestled between the Étang de Berre lagoon to the east and the Rhône Delta to the west. Approximately 50 km northwest of , it forms part of the broader Crau plain landscape, extending from the marshes toward the Côte Bleue. The of Fos-sur-Mer encompasses a total area of 92.31 km², dominated by flat coastal plains and low-lying that reflect its deltaic origins. Elevations are generally minimal, averaging around 10 m above , with the lowest points at along the shoreline and the highest reaching 49 m inland. The terrain includes expansive salt marshes, sandy beaches stretching approximately 6 km along the Mediterranean , and several brackish étangs that serve as vital habitats. These features, including nature reserves like the Étangs de Lavalduc, Engrenier, and Estomac, contribute to a diverse mosaic of coastal ecosystems. Fos-sur-Mer benefits from excellent connectivity to regional transport networks, including the A55 highway, which provides access to in about 45 minutes, and local rail services via the TER line with a station in . This positioning enhances its integration with surrounding areas while preserving the natural contours of its .

Climate and Environment

Fos-sur-Mer experiences a characterized by mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Average winter temperatures range from 8-10°C, with highs around 11-12°C and lows near 4-5°C from December to February, while summers see highs of 25-30°C and lows of 17-19°C from to (as of 1991-2020). Annual totals approximately 573 mm (as of 1991-2020), concentrated mainly in the fall and winter months, supporting the region's seasonal vegetation patterns. The area is also influenced by the mistral, a strong, cold northwesterly wind that frequently affects the coast, bringing clear skies and dry conditions while enhancing evaporation in coastal zones. This wind regime contributes to the overall aridity of summers and can reach speeds exceeding 100 km/h, impacting local weather variability. The natural environment of Fos-sur-Mer features diverse coastal ecosystems, including sandy beaches, brackish lagoons, and remnants of historical salt marshes that form vital wetlands. These habitats, part of the broader Gulf of Fos landscape, support rich such as migratory bird and aquatic adapted to saline conditions. Protected reserves in the adjacent Reserve extend influence to the area, preserving saline grasslands, reed beds, and lagoons that serve as key sites for , including waders and waterfowl. Environmental challenges in Fos-sur-Mer primarily involve habitat loss due to and coastal development, which have fragmented seagrass meadows and soft-bottom ecosystems essential for marine biodiversity. These pressures have led to regression in coastal wetlands, reducing areas available for despite ongoing conservation efforts in nearby protected zones.

Administration and Demographics

Local Government

Fos-sur-Mer is a commune located in the department of the region in , with an of 13039 and a of 13270. As a standard French commune, it operates under the municipal governance system outlined in the French Code of Local Authorities, handling local affairs such as public services, infrastructure, and community welfare. The commune is integrated into the larger Aix-Marseille-Provence Métropole, an intercommunal authority that coordinates metropolitan-wide policies on , , and across 92 municipalities. The municipal government is led by Mayor René Raimondi, who assumed office in September 2022 following the death of his predecessor, Jean Hetsch, and remains in position as of November 2025. Raimondi, affiliated with the Diverse Left (DVG), presides over a council of 33 elected members, comprising the mayor, 12 deputy mayors (adjoints), and 20 municipal councilors (conseillers municipaux). Key administrative roles include the first deputy mayor, Philippe Pomar, overseeing and development; second deputy Anne-Caroline Walter-Cipreo, responsible for social affairs and solidarity; and others managing , environment, and . These officials coordinate like , local roads, and citizen safety, ensuring alignment with both national regulations and metropolitan directives. Historically, the commune's administrative framework evolved significantly in the post- era due to the rapid expansion of the -Fos port complex, which necessitated closer integration with regional port authorities. The development of the Fos port, initiated in the late and accelerating through the 1970s with the opening of major terminals in 1973, involved land reallocations and structures between the commune and the Autonomous Port of (now Grand Port Maritime de Marseille-Fos). This period marked a shift toward shared administrative responsibilities for industrial zoning, environmental oversight, and , adapting to support the port's role as a national hub for and container traffic. The population of Fos-sur-Mer has undergone significant growth since the mid-20th century, driven primarily by industrial development. In 1954, the commune had 2,349 residents, increasing to 2,898 by 1962 and 2,869 in 1968. This accelerated during the 1970s and , reaching 6,709 in 1975 and 9,031 in 1982, before continuing to expand to 15,694 by 2022, with a population density of 170 inhabitants per km². The rapid influx during the – was fueled by migration from rural areas and other regions, attracted by job opportunities in the emerging port-industrial complex.
YearPopulationDensity (hab/km²)
19542,349-
19622,898-
19682,86931.1
19756,70972.7
19829,03197.8
199011,605125.7
199913,922150.8
200915,453167.4
201415,857171.8
202015,512168.0
202215,694170.0
Data compiled from INSEE and Cassini/EHESS sources. As of 2022, the demographic profile reflects a balanced but aging , with 18.1% under 15 years, 16.9% aged 15–29, 18.2% aged 30–44, 21.6% aged 45–59, 17.2% aged 60–74, and 8.0% aged 75 and over. The shows a slight majority, with 48.5% males (7,613) and 51.5% females (8,081). Socio-professional categories indicate a strong orientation toward industry and , influenced by the , with 42.7% of jobs in industry and 36.8% in commerce, , and diverse services; among residents aged 15 and over, workers comprise 15.0%, employees 17.3%, and intermediate professions 17.9%. Recent trends show stability, with estimates suggesting around 15,700–15,900 residents as of 2025, supported by slight growth from commuting workers—54.4% of employed residents work outside the commune—and family settlements, as 69.6% of households include families amid a gradual decline in average household size to 2.34 persons. High residential stability persists, with only 4.1% of the having moved from another commune in the prior year.

Economy

Port Infrastructure

The Port of Marseille-Fos, encompassing the Fos-sur-Mer facilities, emerged as a critical expansion of France's maritime infrastructure in the mid-20th century. Development in Fos-sur-Mer began in the with the reclamation of coastal marshes to create land for industrial and port activities, transforming the marshy Étang de Berre region into a viable deep-water harbor site. This build-out accelerated in the 1970s as part of the Grand Port Maritime de Marseille (GPMM), established in to address capacity limitations in the historic harbor, with initial and quay construction enabling access for large vessels. By the 1980s, the western harbor at Fos had become operational, featuring specialized berths for support, marking a shift from the port's traditional Mediterranean trade focus to a diversified hub. Today, the Fos-sur-Mer section hosts the majority of the port's deep-water infrastructure, including over 20 kilometers of quays and multiple docks designed for vessels up to 18 meters draft. Key terminals include three major container facilities—such as the Terminal de la Méditerranée with a capacity of 1.5 million TEUs annually—alongside dedicated terminals like the Fos Multi-Track Terminal for dry bulk handling, concessioned to HES Fos in June 2025 for a minimum 30-year term starting July 2025, covering 35 hectares with three berths, and oil terminals processing around 40 million tons of hydrocarbons. These facilities support multimodal operations with extensive rail connections, including over 150 weekly trains linking to 22 French destinations and 9 European hubs via the network, and direct road access through the A55 motorway and nearby highways for efficient distribution. The port's layout emphasizes seamless integration, with conveyor systems and pipelines facilitating transfers between sea, rail, road, and inland waterways like the Rhône River. In 2024, the overall port handled 70.5 million tonnes of merchandise across these terminals, underscoring its role as a primary gateway on European trade routes connecting the Mediterranean to and beyond. Ongoing expansion projects at Fos-sur-Mer focus on and capacity enhancement, including the H2V initiative launched in 2022 with a €750 million . This facility, spanning 36 hectares, aims to produce 84,000 tons of renewable annually by 2030 through six 100 MW units (totaling 600 MW) powered by solar and , integrating directly with for export via existing quays and supporting Europe's goals. Additional developments include quay extensions and rail to boost throughput efficiency, positioning Fos as a hub for low-carbon trade while maintaining its strategic importance in handling over 9,400 ship calls yearly.

Key Industries

Fos-sur-Mer serves as a hub for , with dominant sectors including , , production, and oil and gas , all integrated into the broader Marseille-Fos industrial-port complex. The industry is led by ArcelorMittal's facility, which produces over 150 grades of annually, including components for the automotive sector, and inaugurated a €76 million ladle furnace in 2024 to enhance energy efficiency and reduce emissions. In 2024, Italian group acquired the former Ascometal site, committing €750 million to expand low-carbon production from scrap and , scaling capacity to 2.1 million tonnes per year while creating 380 new jobs and safeguarding 320 existing positions. operations, including and chemical processing, form a core part of the Fos-Berre cluster, handling oil and gas derivatives essential for regional energy supply. production is anchored by Imerys's plant, established in 1924 and specializing in calcium aluminate-based products for and refractories, which marked its centenary in 2024. These industries contribute significantly to the local economy, employing thousands—such as 's 2,500 workers—and accounting for nearly 20% of France's EU-classified high-risk factories concentrated in the area, driving industrial output but also posing environmental challenges. concerns have sparked protests throughout the , including a 2020 criminal complaint by residents against , , and firms for impacts like elevated cancer rates, a 2023 clash at the refinery involving , and a 2025 indictment of for endangering lives and environmental damage. In 2024, the site was designated a Project of Major National Interest by the French government to foster innovation and redeployment. Transition efforts emphasize a shift toward a and low-carbon technologies, with emerging initiatives positioning Fos-sur-Mer as a European hub. GravitHy's €2.2 billion and hot briquetted iron project, fed by a 750 MW electrolyzer, aims to produce up to 2 million tonnes annually by 2028, supporting decarbonization. The H4 Fos consortium is developing for green fuels, backed by studies in 2025. and expanded renewable partnerships in 2024 to meet industrial demand in the area. Marcegaglia's upgrades are projected to meet 30% of France's future low-carbon steel needs through energy-efficient processes. These developments leverage the port's logistics role to facilitate raw material imports and product exports.

Culture and Heritage

Historical Landmarks

The Château de l'Hauture, also known as the Château de Fos, stands as a prominent medieval fortress in Fos-sur-Mer, perched on a 32-meter-high tabular plateau overlooking the marshes, and the entrance to the Étang de Berre. First mentioned in historical records as the castrum de Fossis in 923, the site was developed in the early 10th to 11th centuries by the Lords of Fos to serve as a strategic defensive stronghold against invasions, including those by the Moors, establishing feudal control over lower . Its architecture exemplifies Romanesque military design, featuring a prominent donjon (keep), chemin de ronde (battlements), and fortified gate, though much of the structure remains in ruins today, offering panoramic views and preserved elements like tombs and grain attics for visitors. The ancient Roman port of Fossae Marianae represents another key historical landmark, with submerged remains forming a monumental complex spanning about 8 hectares at a depth of 3-4 meters in the Gulf of Fos. Established at the entrance to the Marius Canal—dug in 102 BC to provide a safer route to the River—this port functioned as a vital gateway for Mediterranean trade, serving as an outer harbor for Arles and facilitating commerce across the until the end of the classical period. Archaeological excavations, initiated scientifically in the and advanced since with geophysical methods like acoustic mapping, have uncovered pilae (stone foundations), possible warehouses, a , and a harbor dump, yielding thousands of artifacts including amphorae and ceramics that highlight its role in ancient maritime exchange. Pre-industrial salt marsh structures in Fos-sur-Mer, part of the historic salines exploited for centuries, include traditional evaporation ponds and dikes that reflect the region's long-standing salt production heritage tied to Provençal coastal economies. These sites, such as the Salines de Fos, were actively managed until 1968 by the Compagnie des Salins du Midi, preserving earthen channels and basins that demonstrate early for salt harvesting from seawater. Complementing these are coastal religious sites like the , a listed Roman-style embodying Provençal spiritual traditions, and the Église Saint-Sauveur, a Romanesque church first documented in 923 alongside the castrum, both serving as enduring symbols of the area's medieval religious and cultural fabric.

Cultural Life and Traditions

Fos-sur-Mer's cultural life reflects its roots, blending maritime heritage with Mediterranean traditions. Local cuisine emphasizes fresh seafood, a legacy of the town's history, with specialties like sea urchins ('châtaignes de mer') harvested and enjoyed during their peak season from to February along the nearby ports. The bustling Saturday morning market in the town center showcases produce, including fruits, vegetables, , flowers, and artisanal goods, drawing residents and visitors to experience authentic regional flavors and vendor interactions typical of . Summer festivals highlight the community's maritime past through events like the holiday votive celebrations on July 14 and August 15, featuring treats, night markets, and fun fairs that foster social gatherings and local pride. These occasions often incorporate elements, such as traditional music and dances, echoing the broader cultural vibrancy of the region. Cultural institutions play a central role in nurturing , with the Centre Social Fosseen operating three neighborhood houses—Pont du Roy, Mazet, and Tuilerie—to host workshops, exhibitions, and social programs that explore local identity, including the town's industrial evolution. The Centre Culturel serves as a hub for art exhibits and performances, offering themed displays that attract families and promote creative expression. As a favored for residents, Fos-sur-Mer enriches its cultural scene with beachside activities like summer concerts and fireworks, providing relaxed venues for communal enjoyment. Contemporary initiatives underscore efforts to sustain Provençal heritage amid modernization. The association FOS LENGO NOSTRO actively preserves the through Provençal language courses, café gatherings, and traditional events like veillées and the celebration. The "Graines de culture" program at the Médiathèque métropolitaine de Fos-sur-Mer, held from September 16 to November 15, 2025, invited residents to exchange plant cuttings, fostering intergenerational connections and highlighting the area's botanical and cultural legacy.

Sports and Recreation

Professional Sports Teams

Fos-sur-Mer is home to , a professional men's club founded in 1972 and competing in the (NM1), France's third-tier professional league, during the 2025–2026 season. As of November 2025, the team, known as the Byers, has participated in early season matches, including a game on November 14, 2025. The team plays its home games at the Complexe sportif Parsemain, a 2,000-seat arena in the commune. Notable achievements include winning the Pro B championship in 2021 and earning promotion to the top-tier LNB Pro A in 2018 after defeating in the promotion playoffs, though the club was relegated from Pro B to NM1 at the end of the 2024–2025 season. Key players in recent seasons have included guards like Valentin Ginas and forwards such as Martins Igbanu, contributing to the team's competitive presence in NM1. The development of in Fos-sur-Mer aligns with the commune's rapid growth following the industrialization of the 1970s, particularly the expansion of the Grand Port Maritime de Marseille-Fos, which attracted workers and necessitated new community facilities including sports infrastructure to support the expanding population. This era saw the establishment of venues like the Complexe sportif Parsemain, enabling clubs like to professionalize and foster local talent amid the economic boom. Beyond , Fos-sur-Mer hosts the Étoile Sportive Fosséenne (ES Fos-sur-Mer), a football club competing in the (fifth tier), with home matches at the Stade de l'Allée des Pins and strong involvement through youth academies. The Club Fosséen operates in regional leagues, emphasizing youth development and local tournaments at facilities like the Salle de Mègle, promoting as a sport with over 200 members. These clubs utilize municipal to engage residents, though they remain at semi-professional or amateur levels compared to the town's flagship team.

Outdoor and Leisure Activities

Fos-sur-Mer, situated along the Mediterranean coast in the department, offers a variety of water-based recreational activities centered on its sandy beaches and calm waters. The Grande Plage, a 400-meter stretch of fine sand, is a primary spot for , with supervision during the summer months from June to September. Stand-up paddleboarding is popular through local outfitters like Gliss Experience, which provides equipment rentals and guided initiation sessions suitable for beginners and families on the shallow coastal waters. and kitesurfing thrive in the area's consistent breezes, with schools such as Kite's Cool Attitude offering lessons in protected, shallow spots near the commune, attracting seasonal visitors from nearby . The surrounding natural landscape supports and , enhancing non-competitive outdoor pursuits. Trails along the Grand Sentier de la Côte Bleue, a 62-kilometer coastal path extending through the region, pass near Fos-sur-Mer and provide scenic walks with views of the sea and cliffs, ideal for leisurely exploration. opportunities abound in the nearby lagoons of the Étang de Berre basin, where visitors can observe migratory species in protected wetlands during spring and autumn. These coastal walks and nature trails emphasize the area's , drawing day-trippers for relaxed, family-friendly outings. Community-oriented leisure facilities complement the natural attractions, fostering accessible recreation. Public promenades line the beaches, such as the wooden walkway along Grande Plage, offering shaded paths for strolling and picnicking with views of the sea. Boat rentals are available through local providers like Bateauloc13, requiring a valid for short excursions on the Mediterranean, which appeals to families seeking gentle water adventures. These amenities, combined with the commune's proximity to —about 50 kilometers away—support seasonal tourism, particularly in summer when residents and visitors engage in these low-key, coastal activities.

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  52. https://www.reuters.com/article/markets/oil/police-fire-tear-gas-at-protesters-at-frances-fos-sur-mer-refinery-bfm-idUSL8N35T338/
  53. https://theprint.in/environment/arcelormittal-indicted-in-fos-sur-mer-pollution-case-in-france/2564208/
  54. https://energynews.pro/en/france-fos-sur-mer-launches-unprecedented-debate-on-e20bn-industrial-projects/
  55. https://eurometal.net/gravithy-advances-fos-sur-mer-dri-hbi-project/
  56. https://fuelcellsworks.com/2025/10/09/h2/rely-secures-engineering-studies-contract-with-h4-marseille-fos-for-european-green-aviation-fuel-hub
  57. https://engineering.airliquide.com/sites/engineering/files/2025-02/renewable-hydrogen-production-air-liquide-strengthens-its-partnership-totalenergies-through-new_67442a6332759.pdf
  58. https://fos-sur-mer.marcegaglia.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Marcegaglia-Fos-sur-Mer.pdf
  59. https://provence-alpes-cotedazur.com/en/things-to-do/culture-and-heritage/places/cite-medievale-de-lhauture-fos-sur-mer-en-2876211/
  60. https://www.fossurmer.fr/actualite/lhauture-un-voyage-a-travers-lhistoire-medievale/
  61. https://www.tourisme.fossurmer.fr/decouvrir/nature-et-paysage/les-salins/
  62. https://provence-alpes-cotedazur.com/en/things-to-do/culture-and-heritage/places/chapelle-notre-dame-de-la-mer-fos-sur-mer-en-2852679/
  63. https://provence-alpes-cotedazur.com/en/things-to-do/culture-and-heritage/places/eglise-saint-sauveur-fos-sur-mer-en-2866891/
  64. https://www.france.fr/en/article/seafood-the-staple-of-provencal-cuisine/
  65. https://provence-guide.net/marches/provencaux.php?id=2419&lang=en
  66. https://www.angloinfo.com/how-to/france/provence/lifestyle/shopping/local-markets
  67. https://www.france-voyage.com/events/fos-sur-mer-commune-1489.htm
  68. https://arianefoshotel.com/en/activities/
  69. https://centre-social-fosseen.wheree.com/
  70. https://provence-alpes-cotedazur.com/que-faire/detente-et-loisirs/toutes-les-activites-detente-et-loisirs/centre-culturel-marcel-pagnol-fos-sur-mer-fr-2978856/
  71. https://www.fossurmer.fr/association/fos-lengo-nostro/
  72. https://www.tourisme.fossurmer.fr/evenements/graines-de-culture-echangez-vos-boutures-2/
  73. https://betsapi.com/t/63903/Fos-sur-Mer
  74. https://basketball.eurobasket.com/team/FOS-Provence-Basket/888/History
  75. https://www.fosprovencebasket.com/2025/05/14/pro-b-j38-relegation-en-nm1-arret-coaching-remi-giuitta-la-fin-dun-chapitre-le-debut-dune-nouvelle-ere/
  76. https://www.proballers.com/basketball/team/278/fos-provence-basket
  77. https://www.transfermarkt.com/es-fosseenne/startseite/verein/30356
  78. https://www.hbcfosseen.com/
  79. https://www.france-voyage.com/cities-towns/fos-sur-mer-1489/beach-fos-mer-23820.htm
  80. https://glissexperience.fr/paddle/
  81. https://provence-alpes-cotedazur.com/en/get-inspired/provence-alpes-cote-dazur-coast/coastal-path-walks-south/
  82. https://www.etangdeberre.org/decouvrir/activites/loisirs-nature/observer-les-oiseaux/
  83. https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g1067684-d33255925-Reviews-Bateauloc13-Fos_Sur_Mer_French_Riviera_Cote_d_Azur_Provence_Alpes_Cote_d_Azur.html
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