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Jakkur
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Jakkur (also spelled Jakkuru) is a suburb in the northern part of Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Located on the eastern side of the National Highway 44 between Yelahanka and Hebbal, the area is best known for the Jakkur Aerodrome and Jakkur Lake.
Key Information
Jakkur Aerodrome
[edit]The Jakkur Aerodrome, spread over 200 acres, was opened in 1948 and is the only dedicated general aviation field in the city. The Government Flying Training School (GFTS), one of the oldest flying schools in the country, is located in Jakkur.[1]
Jakkur Lake
[edit]
The Jakkur Lake is a 160-acre lake constructed over two centuries ago to cater to the water requirements of the Jakkur village.[2] The lake, which was highly polluted by sewage and waste in 2005, was revived by treating the sewage water which enters the lake and then passing it through a man-made constructed wetland before it flowed through an algae pound that removed most of the nitrates and phosphates.[3] However, in 2016, it was reported that the water quality has worsened due to increased levels of nitrates, phosphates, ammonia and algae.[2]
The lake is also a source of drinking water for nearby villages that do not have access to Cauvery water.[4] The lake used to attract a large number of migratory birds from other countries and has seen a fall in this number in recent years.[5] Since the rejuvenation of the lake, there was an increase in the fish population in the lake, resulting in the nesting of water birds such as the pelicans.[6]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Metro to take off after grounding Jakkur club". Bangalore Mirror. 1 June 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
- ^ a b Joshi, Bharath (18 July 2016). "Bengaluru's Jakkur lake turns wasteland; redesign begins". The Economic Times. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
- ^ "Can Jakkur model save Bellandur Lake?". Deccan Chronicle. 9 April 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
- ^ G N, Prashanth (14 September 2014). "Jakkur lake cries for help". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
- ^ "The death and rebirth of Jakkur lake". Deccan Herald. 6 June 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
- ^ Upadhye, Amit S. (20 July 2015). "Lake turns pink, pelicans throng Jakkur". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
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Jakkur
View on Grokipediafrom Grokipedia
Jakkur is a suburb in the northern part of Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, positioned on the eastern side of National Highway 44.[1][2] It encompasses key landmarks including Jakkur Lake, one of the largest man-made lakes in the city's network spanning approximately 160 acres with a depth of 9.8 feet and an integrated wetland system, and Jakkur Aerodrome, a facility hosting the Government Flying Training School and supporting general aviation activities such as microlight flights.[3][4][5] The area features ongoing ecological restoration efforts for the lake, which receives inflows from stormwater drains and a sewage treatment plant, fostering biodiversity including bird habitats, while the aerodrome provides pilot training and recreational flying experiences.[6][7] As a developed residential and commercial neighborhood, Jakkur attracts property development and visitors drawn to its natural and aviation attractions, with community initiatives aiding lake maintenance through collaborations between trusts, citizens, and government bodies.[8][9]
History
Origins and Early Development
Jakkur's earliest documented reference appears in a Kannada inscription from the Hoysala period, dated 1342 CE, which records a local chieftain's donation of the village lands to Allala, commander under King Veera Ballala III, or alternatively to the deity Honnamarayanayaka.[10][11] This epigraphic evidence establishes the area's existence as a distinct settlement over seven centuries ago, prior to the consolidation of regional powers like the Vijayanagara Empire and later the Kingdom of Mysore. Under the Mysore Kingdom, which exerted influence over Bangalore's northern periphery from the late 18th century following the defeat of Tipu Sultan in 1799, Jakkur functioned primarily as rural agricultural terrain adjacent to Yelahanka.[12] Local farming communities depended on rain-fed cultivation and traditional tank systems for irrigation, with land use centered on crops suited to the red soil and seasonal monsoons of the Deccan plateau.[13] British colonial surveys from the early 19th century onward documented such tanks across Bangalore district as vital for sustaining paddy, millets, and vegetable plots, though specific enumerations for Jakkur remain sparse in preserved records.[14] The Jakkur tank, a man-made reservoir integral to this agrarian economy, dates to at least the late 18th or early 19th century, with estimates placing its construction over 200 years ago to capture stormwater for field irrigation and groundwater recharge.[15][16] By the early 1900s, as Bangalore expanded as a British administrative and military hub, Jakkur retained its village character, with residents cultivating flowers and other perishables on lake-adjacent plots, marking a gradual shift from isolated hamlet to the fringes of urban influence without yet experiencing substantive infrastructural change.[12]Post-Independence Expansion
The establishment of Jakkur Aerodrome in 1948 by the Government of Mysore, followed by the opening of the Government Flying Training School on 26 March 1949 on a 214-acre site, represented a pivotal post-independence initiative to bolster civil aviation infrastructure.[17][18] This development addressed the nascent demand for trained pilots amid India's efforts to expand domestic air travel and technical capabilities after 1947, drawing personnel, equipment, and ancillary services to the area and catalyzing initial urbanization by designating land for public aviation use.[17] As Bangalore's metropolitan region expanded through state-led infrastructure programs, Jakkur benefited from land allocations prioritizing strategic facilities, aligning with broader national priorities for technological and transport advancements in the decades following independence. The area's formal administrative alignment with Bangalore Urban district upon its creation in 1986 further embedded Jakkur within the urban framework, facilitating coordinated development while accommodating aviation-related expansions. These measures shifted Jakkur from peripheral rural status toward integrated urban functionality, driven by government acquisition and zoning policies that prioritized public utility over private land use. Parallel to aviation growth, water management in Jakkur evolved to counter urban sewage influxes, with the Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board constructing a sewage treatment plant adjacent to Jakkur Lake to process wastewater and channel treated effluent for lake augmentation.[19][8] This integration, building on prior informal lake upkeep from the early 20th century, provided a engineered response to Bangalore's escalating population pressures by late 20th-century standards, enhancing recharge capacity without relying solely on natural inflows and marking a transition to formalized urban hydrology practices.[19]Geography and Demographics
Location and Physical Features
Jakkur is situated in the northern part of Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, within the Bengaluru Urban district, at coordinates approximately 13°04′N 77°36′E.[20] It borders Yelahanka to the north and Hebbal to the south, positioned on the eastern side of National Highway 44.[21] The locality lies in the Yelahanka taluk.[22] The terrain features the relatively flat expanse of the Deccan Plateau, with an average elevation of 900 meters above sea level.[23] Bengaluru's position on the Mysore Plateau, a southeastern extension of the Deccan, contributes to this uniform topography.[24] Jakkur Lake serves as a central physical feature, encompassing 160 acres (approximately 65 hectares) of water spread area.[3] The lake's catchment includes streams from nearby villages such as Yelahanka, Agrahara, and Shivanahalli.[19] Proximity to National Highway 44 and the Outer Ring Road marks key infrastructural boundaries influencing the area's geographical layout.[25][26]Population and Urban Growth
Jakkur's population has expanded rapidly amid Bengaluru's broader urbanization, with current estimates placing the locality's residents at approximately 31,138, comprising 16,405 males and 14,733 females.[27] This growth reflects the spillover effects of Bengaluru's IT-driven economic expansion, where migration accounts for a significant portion of demographic increases; migrants constituted 42% of Bengaluru's population as of 2019, up from 30% a decade earlier, primarily drawn by employment opportunities in technology sectors.[28] The influx into Jakkur, situated near major IT clusters such as Manyata Tech Park in Nagawara, has been propelled by professionals seeking affordable proximity to workplaces, transforming the area from predominantly low-density residential layouts—often agricultural or village-based prior to the 2000s—into mixed-use zones with apartments and commercial pockets.[29] Bengaluru's metropolitan population, which stood at around 8.6 million in 2011, is projected to reach 14.4 million by 2025, underscoring the sustained migratory pressures that have elevated Jakkur's density and integrated it into the city's northern peri-urban corridor.[30] Demographically, Jakkur's residents align with an urban middle-class profile, characterized by skilled workers in IT and related services, with the area's appeal lying in its balance of accessibility and relative tranquility compared to central Bengaluru locales. This composition fosters a multilingual environment, where Kannada predominates alongside English and Hindi among migrants, mirroring city-wide trends where inter-state inflows have diversified linguistic patterns without displacing local usage.[31] Property development records indicate steady residential uptake by this cohort, though precise religious breakdowns remain consistent with Bengaluru Urban district's overall Hindu majority of about 79%, as per 2011 census aggregates for the zone.[32]Infrastructure
Jakkur Aerodrome
Jakkur Aerodrome functions as Bengaluru's principal general aviation facility, dedicated to pilot training and non-commercial operations. The Government Flying Training School (GFTS), one of India's oldest aviation institutions, was established at the site in 1949 under state auspices to provide foundational flight instruction.[33][4] Facilities include hangars for maintenance of light single-engine aircraft, such as Cessna models, supporting hands-on training in takeoff, landing, and navigation maneuvers.[34] The aerodrome's single runway, oriented 08/26 and measuring 974 meters in length by 20 meters in width, accommodates aircraft up to a maximum takeoff weight suitable for training purposes, though it lacks night landing capabilities.[4] Managed by the Karnataka state government, operations emphasize flight instruction for aspiring commercial pilots under the regulatory oversight of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), which has affirmed compliance with safety standards in recent inspections.[35] No scheduled passenger or cargo services operate from the site, restricting activities to private, instructional, and maintenance flights.[36] GFTS contributes to the regional aviation ecosystem by delivering structured programs leading to commercial pilot licenses, utilizing government-subsidized fees to enhance accessibility—approximately ₹37 lakh for Karnataka residents and ₹42 lakh for others as of 2021 restarts.[37] Maintenance activities at the on-site hangars sustain a cadre of specialized technicians and ground crew, bolstering local employment in aviation support roles while adhering to DGCA-mandated protocols for aircraft upkeep and safety.[38]Connectivity and Transportation
Jakkur's primary road connections include Bellary Road (NH 44), which links it to Hebbal, the central business district, and Kempegowda International Airport approximately 22 km north, and the Outer Ring Road, facilitating access to eastern and western suburbs like Thanisandra and Yelahanka.[39][40] These arterials handle substantial commuter traffic, with Bellary Road serving as a key corridor for northbound travel toward the airport. Public bus services operated by the Bengaluru Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC) provide regular connectivity, including route 286 from Krishnarajendra Market to Jakkur, covering 22 stops and running daily, and route 286G from Kempegowda Bus Station.[41][42] App-based ride-hailing options supplement buses, while the locality lacks a dedicated railway station; residents rely on Yeshwantpur Junction, situated about 11 km southwest, for intercity rail access.[43] Namma Metro's Blue Line Phase 2B, under construction since 2022, extends northward toward the airport via Jakkur and Yelahanka, incorporating elevated and at-grade sections with planned stations like Jakkur Cross to enhance mass transit options.[44][45] This 37 km airport-link corridor aims to integrate with existing lines at Krishnarajapura, addressing growing demand from northern suburbs.[46] Infrastructure upgrades in the 2020s, including Bellary Road expansions and localized road restorations near adjacent commercial zones like Manyata Tech Park, target congestion from tech corridor traffic, though persistent bottlenecks remain during peak hours due to high vehicle density.[47][48]Utilities and Public Services
Water supply in Jakkur is primarily managed by the Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board (BWSSB), which delivers Cauvery-sourced potable water through pipelines, though distribution remains intermittent due to high demand and infrastructure constraints across Bengaluru.[49] Residents commonly supplement this with groundwater from private borewells, a practice exacerbated by BWSSB's limited coverage and seasonal shortages.[50] In response to plummeting groundwater levels, BWSSB imposed a ban on new borewell drilling in February 2025, affecting areas like Jakkur amid an ongoing depletion crisis reported by the Indian Institute of Science.[51] Sewage collection in Jakkur occurs via underground networks maintained by the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP), channeling wastewater to the nearby Jakkur Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) operated by BWSSB.[19] The facility, originally a 10 MLD secondary treatment plant, underwent upgrades to 15 MLD tertiary capacity to enhance effluent quality and compliance with discharge standards.[52] [53] This STP processes approximately 8-10 MLD on average, contributing to Bengaluru's overall sewage treatment infrastructure of 1,372.5 MLD across 33 plants as of recent assessments.[49] Electricity distribution falls under Bangalore Electricity Supply Company Limited (BESCOM), serving Jakkur through urban grid networks with reported reliability indices tracking system average interruption frequency (SAIFI) and duration (SAIDI) metrics.[54] While BESCOM maintains over 95% uptime in most urban zones via regular maintenance, Jakkur experiences occasional scheduled outages for infrastructure upgrades, alongside city-wide challenges like power theft averaging 2,000 units lost hourly.[55] [56] Solid waste management is overseen by BBMP, which conducts door-to-door collection in Jakkur ward, handling daily generation through segregation drives and transport to processing sites.[57] Recent 2020s enhancements include automated waste transfer capsules introduced in 2024 to streamline logistics and reduce overflow, alongside efforts to boost recycling rates under Bengaluru's smart city initiatives.[58] A 2021 survey in Jakkur ward documented BBMP's operational processes, noting emphasis on source segregation but persistent gaps in enforcement and technology integration for dry waste handling.[59] Healthcare services in Jakkur rely on local primary clinics for routine care, with advanced facilities accessible via proximity to Columbia Asia Referral Hospital in Hebbal, approximately 5 km away, offering specialties like cardiology and orthopedics since its 2005 establishment.[60] BBMP supports basic public health outposts, though resident access to specialized services often involves travel to larger Bengaluru hospitals due to limited on-site capacity for emergencies or diagnostics.[61]Environment and Natural Features
Jakkur Lake
Jakkur Lake is a man-made freshwater tank in northern Bengaluru, covering approximately 65 hectares with an average depth of 3 meters.[62][3] Historically functioning as a rain-fed irrigation reservoir, it formed part of the region's traditional network of tanks built for agricultural support and water storage during monsoons.[63][64] The lake's shallow basin sustains biodiversity, including fish stocks harvested by local communities and avian species such as migratory birds.[65][62] Inflows to the lake derive from three stormwater drains carrying urban runoff and treated sewage effluent from the nearby Jakkur Sewage Treatment Plant, which releases around 10 million liters daily.[66][67] Outflows direct excess water toward the Hebbal Valley, integrating Jakkur into Bengaluru's interconnected wetland system that includes upstream Yelahanka Lake and downstream Rachenahalli Lake.[68] This hydrological linkage underscores the lake's role in the regional drainage and recharge dynamics, though urbanization has shifted its inputs from predominantly natural precipitation to anthropogenic sources.[19] Pre-urbanization baselines reflected a seasonal ecosystem reliant on monsoon recharge for irrigation viability, but post-expansion metrics reveal hypereutrophication driven by nutrient-rich inflows, with biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) exceeding 100 mg/L in evaluations signaling organic overload and algal proliferation.[7][69] These conditions highlight causal pressures from impervious surfaces and sewage integration, elevating phosphorus and nitrogen levels beyond natural tolerances and impairing dissolved oxygen availability for aquatic life.[63] Variability in water quality persists, tied to rainfall patterns and inflow volumes, maintaining ecological strain amid ongoing urban proximity.[7]