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Megan Smith
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Megan Smith
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Megan J. Smith (born October 21, 1964)[1] is an American engineer and technologist. She was the third Chief Technology Officer of the United States (U.S. CTO) and Assistant to the President, serving under President Barack Obama. She was previously a vice president at Google, leading new business development and early-stage partnerships across Google's global engineering and product teams at Google for nine years, was general manager of Google.org,[2] a vice president briefly at Google[x] where she co-created Solve for X and WomenTechmakers,[3] is the former CEO of Planet Out and worked as an engineer on early smartphones at General Magic.[4][5] She serves on the boards of MIT[6] and Vital Voices, was a member of the USAID Advisory Committee on Voluntary Aid[7] and co-founded the Malala Fund.[8][9] On September 4, 2014, she was named as the third (and first female) U.S. CTO, succeeding Todd Park,[10][11] and serving until January, 2017.[12] Smith is the CEO and Founder of shift7.

Key Information

Early life and education

[edit]

Smith grew up in Buffalo, New York, and Fort Erie, Ontario,[13][circular reference] and spent many summers at the Chautauqua Institution in Chautauqua, New York, where her mother, Joan Aspell Smith, was director of the Chautauqua Children's School.[14] Smith graduated from City Honors School in 1982.[15] She went on to receive her S.B. in 1986 and an S.M. in 1988, both in mechanical engineering, from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and completed her master's thesis work at the MIT Media Lab. She was a member of the MIT student team that designed, built and raced a solar car 2000 miles across the Australian outback in the first cross-continental solar car race.[16]

Career

[edit]

Following MIT, Smith worked at a variety of start-ups, including Apple in Tokyo and General Magic located in Mountain View, California, as product design lead on nascent smartphone technologies[17] before she got involved with the launch of Planet Out in 1995. She joined formally in 1996 as COO and from 1998 she was Planet Out's Chief Executive Officer, where she expanded partnerships, built new business models, grew revenue and global users, raised venture funding, and later presided over that company's merger with Gay.com.[18][19]

In 2003, she joined Google,[20] where she rose to the vice president of new business development, leading early-stage partnerships, pilot explorations and technology licensing across Google's global engineering and product teams. She led many early acquisitions, including Keyhole (Google Earth), Where2Tech (Google Maps), and Picasa, and later also took over as general manager of Google's philanthropic arm, Google.org.[21] Smith co-created and co-hosted Google's Solve for X solution acceleration programs 2012–14.[22] In 2012, she started Google's "Women Techmakers" diversity initiative to expand visibility, community and resources for technical women globally.[23]

In 2014, she left Google to become the 3rd U.S. CTO. In that role, Smith recruited top tech talent to serve across government collaborating on pressing issues, from AI, data science and open source, to inclusive economic growth, entrepreneurship, structural inequalities, government tech innovation capacity, STEM/STEAM engagement, workforce development, and criminal justice reform. Her teams focused on broad capacity building by co-creating all-hands-on-deck initiatives, including the public-private program TechHire, the Computer Science for All initiative, and the Image of STEM campaigns.[24] In addition, she launched the campaign to #FindtheSentiments, which is an effort to find the Declaration of Sentiments, a piece of history from the Seneca Falls Convention.[25][26] After leaving the White House in 2017, Smith became CEO and Founder of shift7 which works on tech-forward, inclusive innovation for faster impact on systemic economic, social, and environmental challenges.[27] At shift7, the team continued co-creating the United Nations Solutions Summit and other programs; in 2017 Smith helped launch Tech Jobs Tour, aimed at promoting diversity in the technological sector, traveling to over 20 U.S. cities to help empower and connect local talent to their nascent tech sectors.[28] Smith serves on the board of MIT,[29] Vital Voices, LA2028, Think of Us as well as on the advisory boards for the MIT Media Lab and the Algorithmic Justice League. Additionally, she serves on the global Advisory Council for CFK Africa, a leading NGO working in Kenyan informal settlements.[30] She is also a member of the Award Selection Committee for the distinguished Carroll L. Wilson Award at MIT.[31] Smith has contributed to a broad range of engineering projects, including a bicycle lock,[32] space station construction program, and solar cookstoves.[33]

She is an active proponent of STEM education and innovation.[34]

Her appeal for technologists to work in public service at the annual Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing inspired several Harvard University students to create the national non-profit organization Coding it Forward which creates data science and technology internship program for undergraduate and graduate students in United States federal agencies.[35]

Smith was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2017 for leading technological innovation teams and efforts to increase diversity and inclusion in STEM industries both nationally and globally, and elected a member of the Council on Foreign Relations in 2018.

Recognition

[edit]
  • World Economic Forum Technology Pioneer 2001, 2002[36]
  • Listed by Out magazine in 2012[37] and 2013,[38] as one of the 50 most powerful LGBT people in the United States
  • Reuters Digital Vision Program Fellow at Stanford, 2003-2004[39]
  • Top 25 Women on the Web, 2000[40]
  • Upside Magazine 100 Digital Elite, 1999 and 2000[41]
  • Advertising Age i.20, 1999[42]
  • GLAAD Interactive Media Award for Internet Leadership, 1999[43]
  • Charging Buffalo Award, 2015[44]
  • Matrix Hall of Fame, 2015[45]
  • Business Insider 23 Most Powerful LGBTQ+ People in Tech, 2019[46]

Personal life

[edit]

Smith married technology columnist Kara Swisher in Marin County in 1999 at a time when same-sex marriage was not legal in California.[47][48] They had additional legal wedding ceremonies in 2003 in Niagara Falls, Canada, in 2004 as part of the San Francisco 2004 same-sex weddings, and again in San Francisco, California in November 2008 in advance of California Proposition 8, which declared same-sex marriages invalid in California.[48] Smith and Swisher have two sons.[16][18][49][50] They separated in 2014,[47] and were divorced as of 2017.[51]

References

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Megan Smith

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Megan Smith is an American engineer, technologist, and executive who served as the third of the from 2014 to 2017, becoming the first woman in that role. In this capacity, she advised the Obama administration on technology policy, data utilization, and innovation strategies to advance national priorities including and applications. Prior to her government service, Smith held senior positions at for over eleven years, including as Vice President of New Business Development, where she oversaw early-stage partnerships, pilot projects, and key acquisitions such as , , and . She also served as Vice President at Google, contributing to initiatives like the Solve for X moonshot thinking program and the Women Techmakers diversity effort aimed at increasing female participation in technology. Currently, Smith is the of shift7, a firm focused on industrial analytics and cybersecurity for sectors such as rail and . Her career has emphasized bridging with policy impact, including efforts to apply to public health challenges like the response through -driven tools. Smith's work reflects a commitment to harnessing and for scalable solutions, though her diversity-focused programs at have drawn mixed reception amid broader debates on merit-based versus demographic-driven approaches in tech hiring.

Early Life and Education

Childhood and Upbringing

Megan Smith grew up in , and , reflecting a cross-border family life near the U.S.- border. Her family emphasized entrepreneurial values and local environmental activism, with both parents engaged in community efforts on such issues. She spent numerous childhood summers at the , a nonprofit community in , known for its educational and cultural programs, where her mother, Joan Aspell Smith, directed the Children's School and contributed to initiatives. Joan Aspell Smith was recognized for her roles as an educator, environmentalist, and advocate for equality and . These experiences fostered Smith's early exposure to environments and progressive community involvement.

Academic Training at MIT

Smith earned a (SB) in from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1986, after enrolling as an undergraduate in 1982. During her undergraduate years, she participated in the MIT Solar Car Team, contributing to hands-on engineering projects focused on solar-powered vehicle design and development. She continued at MIT for graduate studies, obtaining a (SM) in in 1988. Smith's master's thesis work was conducted at the , integrating principles with emerging media technologies. This training emphasized interdisciplinary applications, aligning with MIT's emphasis on combining rigorous analysis with practical innovation in engineering.

Professional Career

Early Engineering and Startup Roles

Following her graduation from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with a in 1986 and a Master of Science in 1988, both in , Megan Smith commenced her engineering career at Apple Computer's office. There, she contributed to product development efforts involving early multimedia technologies, including CD-ROMs, video services, and foundational networking tools such as AppleLink and integration. Smith subsequently joined , an Apple spin-off founded in 1990 to advance and develop precursors to personal digital assistants through innovative handheld devices. As a hardware engineer and product design lead, she participated in prototyping early technologies, assembling functional models from commercially available components to demonstrate feasible handheld communication systems. She advanced to a managerial position, overseeing teams amid the company's focus on pioneering personal intelligent communicators like the Data Rover and Magic Link devices, which anticipated modern mobile ecosystems despite commercial challenges. In the mid-1990s, Smith entered startup executive roles by co-founding and helping launch PlanetOut in 1995, one of the earliest online platforms serving the LGBTQ community with content, forums, and services during the internet's formative commercial phase. She assumed the role of in 1996 before becoming in 1998, where she drove expansion through strategic partnerships, user growth, and navigation of early web infrastructure limitations, culminating in the company's public listing via merger in 2004.

Tenure at Google and Google X

Megan Smith joined Google in 2003 as Vice President of New Business Development, where she oversaw early-stage partnerships, pilot programs, and technology licensing for global engineering and product teams over nine years. In this role, she directed acquisitions of key platforms including , , and . She also served as General Manager of during its engineering transition, incorporating tools such as Google Crisis Response, Google for Nonprofits, and Earth Engine to bolster philanthropic engineering efforts and employee engagement. In 2012, Smith became Vice President at Google X, the division dedicated to developing ambitious "moonshot" projects like self-driving vehicles and advanced . There, she co-created and co-led the Solve for X program, launched that year as a platform to accelerate radical solutions to global problems—such as access to clean water and affordable healthcare—through exponential technologies and collaborative events, co-hosting sessions with Google X captain through 2014. During her Google X tenure, Smith also co-initiated the Women Techmakers program in 2012, a global effort to enhance visibility, community, and resources for women in technical fields via events, storytelling, and networking. Her overall 11-year stint at emphasized innovation scaling and internal diversity efforts before she left in September 2014.

Role as United States Chief Technology Officer

In September 2014, President appointed Megan Smith as the third (CTO) and Assistant to the President in the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), marking her as the first woman to hold the position. She served in this role until 2017, at the conclusion of the Obama administration. As CTO, Smith advised the President and federal agencies on leveraging technology, data, and innovation to address national challenges, with a focus on policy areas including , , access, cybersecurity, privacy, smart cities, data, and STEM education. Her office guided administration-wide policies and initiatives, building on predecessors' efforts to promote efficient operations through digital tools. Smith's tenure emphasized expanding access to technology and fostering inclusive innovation. She supported the Presidential Innovation Fellows program, which paired technologists with federal agencies to develop solutions for public sector challenges, and advanced open data initiatives to make government information more accessible for public use and economic growth. In energy policy, she promoted the Green Button initiative, enabling consumers to securely download their electricity usage data to facilitate better energy management and efficiency. Additionally, Smith contributed to the launch of the Computer Science for All initiative in January 2016, which aimed to provide K-12 students with foundational computer science education through a proposed $4 billion investment in teacher training and curriculum development. Under Smith's leadership, the CTO office addressed broader policy issues such as reform to encourage , privacy protections in digital ecosystems, and to ensure open . These efforts sought to harness for societal benefit while navigating regulatory and ethical considerations, though implementation outcomes varied across initiatives due to legislative and budgetary constraints. Her background in and private sector informed a pragmatic approach to integrating startup methodologies into government processes.

Founding shift7 and Post-Government Work

Following her tenure as Chief , which concluded on January 20, 2017, Megan Smith founded shift7 in July 2017 as CEO. The organization focuses on addressing systemic social, environmental, and economic challenges through tech-forward, collaborative practices, scouting and scaling solutions by connecting diverse talent, resources, and innovators. shift7 emphasizes unlocking collective community efforts to drive direct impact via , user-driven design, and sustainable models for investing talent, technology, and capital. Key initiatives under shift7 include the Tech Jobs Tour, which engaged over 15,000 participants across 25 cities to promote broadband connectivity, place-based economic uplift, and tech job opportunities. The organization has also advanced global solution-making through events like the annual UN Solutions Summit, with its third iteration held in 2017, co-organized to foster youth empowerment and cross-sector collaboration on . Additional projects target equity issues, such as media representation via the Images Matter initiative (integrated with Time's Up), research on , and workplace inclusion strategies. In parallel with shift7, Smith's post-government activities have encompassed advisory roles, including service on the MIT Corporation as a life member, advising the , and board positions with organizations like Vital Voices and the . She has contributed to thought leadership through speaking engagements, workshops, and writings on inclusive innovation, while maintaining memberships in the and the . These efforts build on her prior experience by prioritizing scalable, tech-enabled interventions in underserved areas, though outcomes remain tied to collaborative networks rather than proprietary developments.

Key Initiatives and Policy Influence

Advocacy for Diversity and Inclusion in Tech

As Chief Technology Officer from September 2014 to January 2017, Megan Smith prioritized expanding access to technology careers for underrepresented groups, including women and racial minorities, through public-private partnerships. She co-led the TechHire initiative, announced by President Obama on , 2015, which sought to train and place individuals lacking traditional credentials into tech roles via short-term, innovative programs in local communities. By its one-year mark in March 2016, TechHire had grown to 50 participating communities and enabled thousands of placements into tech jobs paying an average of $60,000 annually or more. Smith collaborated with Laura Weidman Powers to develop "Raising the Floor," a November 28, 2016, White House resource compiling workplace practices to enhance diversity, equity, and inclusion in science and technology sectors. The initiative drew on studies linking demographic diversity to improved problem-solving and released a Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Action Grid categorizing strategies into leadership accountability (e.g., setting measurable goals), retention and advancement (e.g., bias mitigation training), hiring pathways (e.g., outreach to non-traditional talent pools), and ecosystem support (e.g., partnerships with educational institutions). These measures aimed to address underrepresentation, where women held about 25% of tech jobs and Black and Hispanic individuals under 10% as of 2015 data cited in related policy discussions. She also advanced the Computer Science for All program, requesting $4.2 billion in the 2016 budget to integrate education into K-12 curricula nationwide, with a focus on reaching underserved schools. Complementary efforts included the Image of Research and Image of STEM campaigns, launched to amplify visibility of women and minorities' historical contributions to fields like and through public and media. In speeches, such as a June 5, 2015, commencement address, Smith argued that inclusive STEM pipelines had long-term economic benefits, citing persistent gaps like women's 14% representation in degrees despite comprising half of the college population. Following her government service, Smith co-founded shift7 in 2017, where she integrated diversity advocacy into systemic tech reforms, including the "Images Matter" project. This effort, aligned with the Time's Up movement by 2018, examined media depictions of women and minorities in tech to counter stereotypes and promote equitable narratives in advertising and . Through these activities, Smith emphasized pragmatic, evidence-based approaches over ideological mandates, though empirical evaluations of long-term impact on industry demographics remain limited, with tech sector diversity metrics showing modest gains post-2015 (e.g., women's tech workforce share rising to 26% by 2020 per federal labor data).

Contributions to Technology Policy and Innovation

During her tenure as the third from October 2014 to January 2017, Megan Smith advised President on critical technology policies, including , where she facilitated input from experts such as to support the Federal Communications Commission's 2015 classification of broadband as a utility service, aiming to prevent internet service providers from blocking or throttling content. She also influenced administration efforts on patent reform to reduce hindering innovation and addressed privacy concerns in . Smith contributed to expanding broadband access to bridge the , participating in events like the 2015 Grace Hopper Celebration where she highlighted the need for equitable connectivity, aligning with broader Obama-era goals to connect underserved communities through public-private partnerships. In parallel, she co-led initiatives like TechHire, launched in 2015 to create tech talent pipelines via apprenticeships and training programs across 70 communities, and for All, a 2016 public-private effort committing over $200 million to integrate education into K-12 curricula nationwide, targeting increased access for underrepresented groups. To foster innovation within the federal government, Smith recruited private-sector engineers into roles and promoted policies, building on the 2013 Open Data Policy to enhance transparency and efficiency in government operations. Her work emphasized applying methodologies, such as agile development, to federal IT projects, exemplified by support for the 18F digital services team established in 2014 to modernize government websites and services. These efforts aimed to accelerate technological adoption but faced implementation challenges due to bureaucratic constraints, with mixed outcomes in scaling private-sector speed to scale.

Focus on Systemic Challenges via shift7

shift7, co-founded by Megan Smith in , operates as a civic innovation firm that employs and inclusive practices to address systemic social, environmental, and economic challenges. The organization's methodology emphasizes scouting scalable solutions, fostering ecosystems of innovators, and prototyping through user-driven design sprints, with a core aim of unlocking diverse talent to drive systemic transformation. This approach draws on Smith's prior experience in and tech, prioritizing over top-down interventions to mitigate issues like inequality and resource scarcity. A primary focus lies in equity and inclusion as levers for overcoming systemic barriers, particularly in media representation and algorithmic decision-making. Through the "Images Matter" initiative, shift7 collaborates with entities such as the Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media and USC researchers to analyze media content for biases, revealing stark underrepresentation—for instance, only one instance of a Latina, Black, or mixed-race female in across over 85 hours of analyzed media. These efforts integrate , AI tools, and to reduce stereotypes and promote "hidden heroes," with partnerships extending to Time's Up, where Smith served as co-captain of the storytelling team, and events like SXSW keynotes on democratizing AI. On algorithmic discrimination, shift7 conducts workshops, speeches, and contributions to resources like the AI Index to raise awareness and advocate for bias-mitigating practices, though empirical outcomes remain largely qualitative, centered on consciousness-raising rather than quantified reductions in disparate impacts. Environmentally and economically, shift7 advances solutions via the Global Solution Makers platform, co-created with the and UN Foundation starting in 2015. This initiative accelerates entrepreneurs tackling UN through an open application process that, over four years, reviewed 3,116 submissions to select 45 innovators from 135 countries, providing them coaching, investor networks, and visibility via summits. Examples include expansions to regional events like the Solutions Summit and youth programs, partnering with MIT Solve and the to scale tech-enabled interventions in areas such as and economic inclusion. Critics note that while selection metrics demonstrate reach, verifiable long-term causal impacts on systemic issues—like measurable or emissions cuts—depend on subsequent scaling by participants, with shift7's role primarily facilitative. Workplace and innovation ecosystems form another pillar, with shift7 supporting diverse hiring via programs like the 2017 Tech Jobs Tour and ongoing thought leadership in partnerships such as Rise of the Rest and Village Capital. These efforts aim to address economic disparities by connecting underrepresented talent to opportunities, informed by over 15 years of Smith's advocacy for inclusive tech cultures, though data on sustained diversity gains post-intervention is limited in public reports. Overall, shift7's strategy integrates storytelling to amplify underrepresented voices, such as the #20for2020 campaign highlighting women's achievements, positioning inclusion not as an end but as a means to enhance problem-solving amid complex global systems.

Recognition and Criticisms

Awards and Honors

Smith received the Interactive Media Award for Internet Leadership in 1999, recognizing her early efforts in promoting inclusive digital content through initiatives like PlanetRead, which integrated subtitles into Indian television programming. In 2015, she was inducted into the Matrix Hall of Fame by the New York Women in Communications, honoring her leadership in technology and policy as U.S. . That same year, Smith was presented with the Charging Buffalo Award at the 37th Annual Buffalo Nite event, an honor from the nonprofit for her contributions to and . In 2016, she was inducted into the ChIPs Hall of Fame by the ChIPs Network, advancing women in technology, , and , for her role in leveraging data and to address national challenges. Smith was also awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws degree by in 2016, where she delivered the commencement address emphasizing creative confidence and inclusive problem-solving.

Critiques of Policy Approaches and Initiatives

Critics of the framework advanced during Smith's tenure as U.S. argued that classifying service under Title II of the Communications Act imposed outdated utility-style regulations ill-suited to a dynamic sector, potentially discouraging . Smith played a key role in advising President Obama on the policy, emphasizing technical arguments for akin to foundational protocols. However, subsequent analysis by the FCC under Chairman highlighted a decline in fixed following the 2015 rules, with capital expenditures dropping by billions of dollars in 2017—the first such downturn in the sector's history—attributed partly to regulatory uncertainty and compliance costs. Independent studies echoed this, estimating a roughly 20% reduction in spending post-Title II implementation. Smith's advocacy for expanding diversity in technology, including through initiatives like promoting education and inclusive hiring practices, faced scrutiny for potentially subordinating merit-based selection to demographic goals, which some contended could compromise and efficiency in a field reliant on technical expertise. As CTO, she argued that diverse teams yield superior outcomes, drawing on her experience to urge systemic changes in STEM pipelines and workplace cultures. Yet, empirical reviews of similar diversity programs indicate frequent failures, with mandatory and quota-like pressures often backfiring by fostering resentment or avoidance behaviors without sustainably altering representation. Critics, including tech executives favoring , warned that such interventions risk prioritizing identity markers over qualifications, as evidenced by persistent underperformance in diversity metrics despite years of federal and corporate efforts under the Obama administration. Broader critiques portrayed Smith's policy approaches as emblematic of excessive involvement in private-sector tech dynamics, presuming top-down solutions could override market incentives and individual choices in areas like composition and deployment. While initiatives such as for All sought to democratize coding education nationwide with a proposed $4.2 billion investment in teacher training, funding shortfalls and uneven adoption limited impact, underscoring challenges in scaling federal mandates amid varying state priorities and resource constraints. Detractors from free-market perspectives argued this reflected a pattern of overreach, where aspirational goals outpaced evidence-based outcomes, potentially diverting focus from core needs.

Personal Life and Views

Family Background and Relationships

Megan Smith was raised in an entrepreneurial family focused on community issues such as and the environment. Her mother, Joan Aspell Smith (1931–2022), worked as a math teacher, educational advocate, and director of the Children's School, while also pioneering bicycling advocacy in . Smith grew up primarily in , attending City Honors School, with additional time spent in Fort Erie, Ontario, and summers at the . She has two siblings: a brother, Clay "Chip" Smith, and a sister, Robin Sue Smith, as noted in their mother's obituary. In 1999, Smith entered a committed relationship with technology journalist Kara Swisher, holding a wedding ceremony in Marin County, California, under the state's domestic partnership laws, prior to the legalization of same-sex marriage. The couple had two sons and separated after approximately 15 years together, with their partnership ending by 2017. No public information is available on Smith's subsequent relationships.

Public Stance on Broader Issues

Smith has expressed strong criticism of platforms' impact on democratic processes. In June 2022, at a social impact summit, she stated that "Facebook destroyed democracy," attributing significant societal harm to Mark Zuckerberg's leadership and the platform's design choices that prioritized engagement over truth and civic health. This view aligns with her broader concerns about technology's potential to exacerbate and polarization when not governed responsibly. Through her leadership of shift7, founded in 2017, Smith advocates for collaborative, tech-enabled solutions to systemic challenges, including , social inequities, and economic inefficiencies. She emphasizes scouting proven local innovations and scaling them nationally or globally, rather than starting from scratch, to address issues like and economic opportunity gaps. In public talks, such as a 2024 Harvard Innovation Labs fireside chat, she highlighted the role of technologists in to tackle these interconnected problems, arguing that inclusive innovation improves outcomes across sectors. Smith promotes a human-centered approach to technology policy, prioritizing improvements to the human condition over pure technological advancement. Her work underscores causal links between inclusive teams, better problem-solving, and equitable , drawing from experiences at and in government where diverse perspectives enhanced innovation. This stance reflects a commitment to evidence-based scaling of solutions, informed by empirical successes in fields like and transitions, though critics note potential over-reliance on tech optimism without addressing underlying policy barriers.

References

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  63. https://innovationlabs.harvard.edu/articles/megan-smith-takeaways
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