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G.I. Joe
G.I. Joe unit insignia patch used in the live action films
Publication information
PublisherMarvel Comics
First appearanceG.I. Joe: A Real American Hero #1
Created byLarry Hama
Hasbro
In-story information
Type of organizationMilitary unit
Base(s)G.I. Joe headquarters
Leader(s)General Colton (original leader)
General Flagg
General Hawk
Sergeant Hauser
Roster
See: List of G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero characters

G.I. Joe is the code name of a fictional elite covert special operations unit operating under the control of the United States Armed Forces in the G.I. Joe universe.[1] In the 1960s and 1970s, a toy military adventure character based on General Joseph Colton was available. From 1982, the name "G.I. Joe" referred to the team, also known as the "Joe team" or the "Joes". The G.I. Joe team was introduced as the G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero toyline by Hasbro. Later, the Marvel G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero comic books and the G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero television cartoons were released. The team's battle cry is "Yo Joe!"

Background

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Further information: List of G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero characters

The G.I. Joe team consists of US Army personnel, representatives from the United States Marine Corps, the United States Air Force, the United States Navy, and the United States Coast Guard. A few are from other forces such as the British Army and the Australian Army. Members are selected from the best recruits who bring with them their particular skills.[2]

History

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Marvel Comics

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In the first issue, the team's official codename is "Special Counter – Terrorist Unit Delta".[3] Its founding leader is Vietnam A-Team veteran, Lieutenant General Joseph Colton, chosen by John F. Kennedy just before the president's assassination. "G. I. Joe" is a temporary code name.[4] The members of the team as of issue 1 in 1982 were Hawk, Stalker, Scarlett, Snake Eyes, Breaker, Clutch, Rock 'n Roll, Steeler, Grand Slam, Flash, Short-Fuze, Grunt and Zap.

The team is one of the United States' many Special Operations Forces. A Mossad agent identifies team members he meets as part of G.I. Joe because they are "too scruffy to be Delta Force, and not weird enough to be SOG".[5] The team is portrayed as a covert group with access to sophisticated military equipment. Over time, the team is more public with action in high profile missions.

Devil's Due

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In the comics series by Devil's Due Publishing, the existence of the Joe team is known to the general public but its missions remain covert. The Joe team has been reduced to a skeleton staff. When a new enemy, the "Red Shadows" arrive, the team is victorious but afterwards is disbanded. However, this was a ruse and the Joe team is reformed with a new core team and the former members as reserves. In the G.I. Joe: America's Elite series, the new team is fully covert.

IDW

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In the comics series created by IDW Publishing the G.I. Joe team is a covert organisation operating under the auspices of the US military forces. Their mission is to handle extreme threats. In order to remain covert, new members of the team must fake their own deaths and completely leave their former lives. The team's base, known as "The Pit", is an abandoned military establishment in the Nevada desert.

Animated series

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The 1985 G.I. Joe animated television series and the G.I. Joe animated movie expanded on the function of what the show's opening describes as a "special mission force". The team members have many extraordinary skills. They can work in many different environments and operate many different types of vehicles and aircraft. In the animated productions, the team is known to the public. For example, in the episode 20 Questions, the team appears on a talk show and in the episode Once Upon a Joe, the team are greeted excitedly by children.

Factions

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G.I. Joe has different factions in their organization:

Battleforce 2000

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Battleforce 2000 is a hi-tech unit of the Joes using experimental weaponry under battlefield conditions. They consist of Avalanche, Blaster, Blocker, Dee-Jay, Dodger, Knockdown, and Maverick.

Ninja Force

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Led by Storm Shadow sometime after he defected from Cobra, a group of ninjas affiliated with the Arashikage clan form the Ninja Force as a part of the G.I. Joe Team, in order to combat Cobra. Its inaugural members are Nunchuk, T'Jbang, and Dojo. Ninja Force later gained other members like Banzai, Bushido, and T'Gin-Zu.

Counterparts

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There are different counterparts of G.I. Joe that work with the G.I. Joe team:

Comando Heroicos

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The Comando Heroicos is the Argentinian branch of G.I. Joe. Known members include Glenda, Sgt. Redmack, Sgt. Shimik, and Sgt. Topson.

Oktober Guard

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The October Guard is Eastern Europe's answer for G.I. Joe. Known members include Red Star, Big Bear, Colonel Brekhov, Daina, Dragonsky, Lt. Gorky, Horrorshow, Misha, Schrage, Stormavich, and Wong. Red Star maintains that G.I. Joe is the Oktober Guard's counterpart.

Productions

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Generally, Hawk is the team's commanding officer. Duke is the senior non-commissioned officer and second-in-command. Flint often serves as third in command (though being a warrant officer, he technically outranks Duke) and usually leads field missions whenever Duke cannot. Beach-Head and Sgt. Slaughter are labeled as fourth and fifth in command, respectively. Both of them also serve as drill instructors and trainers to new Joe recruits. However, a number of differences exist between the comics, cartoon and even the toyline.

Marvel Comics

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The original Marvel comic book series takes a fairly realistic approach to the military command hierarchy. In the early issues of the comic, the overall command of the G.I. Joe team falls to brigadier general Lawrence J. Flagg, who serves as liaison with the Pentagon. Hawk is the field leader, with Stalker as the senior non-commissioned officer and de facto second-in-command. After General Flagg is killed in issue 19, Hawk assumes overall command of the team in issue 33 and appoints Duke as field leader. Vice Admiral Keel-Haul is introduced in issue 36. General Joseph Colton (the model for a G.I. Joe 12 inch toy) appears in issues 86, 127 and 152 but is not a member of the team.

Real American Hero cartoon series

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The Real American Hero animated series produced by Sunbow Entertainment mainly focused on newer characters. In the initial miniseries, Duke served as team leader, answering to General Flagg, while Flint served as second-in-command and was the lead character of the second miniseries. In the second full season, coinciding with the release of a new Hawk action figure, Hawk is established as the commander, with Duke as second-in-command and Flint in third, with Beach Head and Sgt. Slaughter also in leadership roles. This continued with the newer series produced by DIC Entertainment that took place after the animated film.

G.I. Joe Extreme

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G.I. Joe Extreme was a relaunch of the toy line that features a new team assembled by the mysterious Mr. Clancy to battle SKAR (Soldiers of Khaos, Anarchy and Ruin), an organization led by Iron Claw, who sought to use the instability of post-Cold War Eastern Europe to launch a campaign for world domination. The team is shown as a very small and elite group, and the only character to carry over was Sgt. Savage, who had been introduced late in the previous line. A cartoon series was produced by Sunbow and Gunther-Wahl Productions and distributed by Claster Television which was broadcast for two seasons.

Dark Horse Comics acquired the comic book license at the time and published two four-issue mini-series of G.I. Joe Extreme. The first, continuing from the cartoon series, sees the team defeat SKAR, which was established as having been initially founded in the 1960s but only becoming a threat after Iron Klaw took control in a coup. The second sees them battle Red Scream, a group opposed to globalization. A third nemesis, the I.R.O.N. Army (a reorganization of the remnants of SKAR) was mentioned in the last issue, but the series was canceled before the story could continue.

Sigma 6

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Main article: G.I. Joe: Sigma 6

In the G.I. Joe: Sigma 6 series, the team is smaller and new characters are introduced gradually rather than en masse. The series gives the history that the team reformed with a new codename after their base was destroyed by Cobra.

The Rise of Cobra

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Main article: G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra

In this movie, G.I. Joe is an acronym for Global Integrated Joint Operating Entity and the team include Hawk, Duke, Rip Cord, Scarlett, Breaker, Heavy Duty and Snake Eyes. It is an international force using advanced technology. The team's base is in Egypt. It is well funded due to global backing.[6]

Renegades

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Main article: G.I. Joe: Renegades

In this series, the team, called the "Renegades", is founded by Lieutenant Scarlett O'Hara and her ninja sensei Snake Eyes. The team members include Sergeant Duke Hauser, Corporal Roadblock Hinton, Private Tunnel Rat Lee, and Private Rip Cord Weems. Their purpose is to expose Cobra Industries for its illegal transgressions. However, they become wrongly accused of the ruin of Cobra Pharmaceuticals. The team must clear its name while avoiding a new nemesis, the Falcons, and is successful. The Falcons' commander is Flint. Its members include Lady Jaye, Wild Bill, Lift-Ticket, and Heavy Duty.

Retaliation

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Main article: G.I. Joe: Retaliation

In the sequel to The Rise of Cobra, the team include Roadblock, Flint, Lady Jaye, Snake Eyes and Jinx with support from General Joseph Colton and Storm Shadow. Duke, Mouse, Grunt and Clutch were all killed by Cobra.

Snake Eyes

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Main article: Snake Eyes

In the film, Scarlett is a major of the Joes who assisted the Arashikage Clan in their fight against Cobra. Snake Eyes learned from Scarlett that his father was a Joe targeted and killed by Cobra while working undercover to infiltrate Cobra. Scarlett asks Snake Eyes to join the team, but chooses to first find Tommy, who cast himself out of the Arashikage.

Transformers: Rise of the Beasts

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Main article: Transformers: Rise of the Beasts

At the end of the film, Noah Diaz is recruited by Agent Burke, who learns about the Autobots' existence, to join G.I. Joe.

See also

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References

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Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

G.I. Joe Team

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
The G.I. Joe Team is a fictional force of highly skilled men and women from around the globe, tasked with defending the world from the terrorist organization in the toy franchise. Originally introduced as America's daring, highly trained special mission force, the team features diverse characters representing various military branches and expertise, such as commandos, pilots, and intelligence operatives, who engage in high-stakes missions against 's global threats. Launched by in 1964, pioneered the action figure category for boys, inspired by the success of Mattel's Barbie doll and designed by licensing agent Stan Weston as a 12-inch military-themed figure with 19 points of articulation. The initial line included interchangeable uniforms and accessories representing the U.S. , , , , and even a and nurse, quickly becoming a commercial hit that accounted for nearly two-thirds of 's profits by 1966. Due to anti-war sentiment during the era, the toys shifted in the early to include "Kung Fu Grip" hands and adventure themes with less explicit military ties, before being discontinued in amid declining sales. In 1982, relaunched the brand as G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero, scaling down to 3.75-inch figures to compete with smaller toys like Star Wars, while introducing the iconic enemy organization and emphasizing team-based storytelling. This revival spawned extensive media expansions, including a series starting in 1982 that ran for over 150 issues, animated television series from 1983 to 1986 produced by Sunbow Productions, and later live-action films such as G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra (2009) and Snake Eyes (2021). The franchise has since evolved through various toy lines like Classified Series and Sigma 6, maintaining its core theme of heroism versus villainy, and continues to expand with the Skybound comics launched in 2023 and a planned live-action crossover with the Transformers franchise announced in 2025, while releasing new figures and collectibles as of 2025.

Background

Franchise Origins

G.I. Joe originated as 's pioneering line, launched on February 1, 1964, and marketed as the first mass-produced toy soldiers designed for boys, drawing inspiration from themes to capitalize on the post-World War II fascination with heroism. The concept was developed by inventor Stanley Weston, who proposed a poseable doll, and championed by Hasbro vice president Don Levine, who oversaw production and is widely recognized as the "father of " for navigating the company's initial skepticism toward doll-like toys. The debut figures stood 12 inches tall and emphasized realism with articulated joints, featuring interchangeable outfits and accessories representing various branches, such as the Action Soldier, Action Sailor, Action Pilot, and Action Marine; this initial iteration focused on individual soldiers rather than a unified team. The 1964 launch proved an instant commercial triumph, with over 16 million units sold by year's end and the line generating nearly two-thirds of Hasbro's total profits within two years, establishing action figures as a dominant category in the toy industry. However, rising anti-war sentiment during the era prompted a rebranding in the toward adventure-themed figures like astronauts and divers, yet declining sales led to the line's discontinuation in 1978 amid shifting cultural attitudes and economic pressures like the . In 1982, revitalized the brand with the ": A Real American Hero" relaunch, scaling down figures to a more affordable 3.75-inch size inspired by the success of Kenner's Star Wars toys, which allowed for elaborate vehicles, playsets, and accessories to encourage . This iteration shifted from standalone soldiers to a narrative-driven team of elite operatives dedicated to combating the fictional terrorist organization , introducing file cards with character backstories to deepen engagement. Comic book writer played a pivotal role in shaping this evolution, contributing to the toy designs' personalities and lore during development at , which informed the accompanying media and boosted the line's appeal. The G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero comic series originated from Hama's unused pitch for "Fury Force," a paramilitary strike team connected to S.H.I.E.L.D. and led by Nick Fury's son, which Hama repurposed for Hasbro's G.I. Joe toy line. The 1982 relaunch achieved rapid commercial dominance, with the toy line's sales surging to become Hasbro's top performer and spawning an expansive licensing program that included over 45 partners by the end of the following year for merchandise, publications, and animations.

Team Concept and Lore

The G.I. Joe Team serves as the code name for a fictional elite covert unit within the , established to combat global threats through high-stakes missions. Primarily focused on thwarting the terrorist organization , whose goal is , the team embodies a counter-terrorism force that operates in secrecy to protect human freedom. This core mission defines the team's identity across various media continuities, positioning it as a defender against Cobra's advanced weaponry, , and subversive plots. Central to the team's lore is its rallying motto, "Yo Joe!", which encapsulates the spirit of camaraderie and determination among members during operations. Structured as a covert counter-terrorism group, the G.I. Joe Team recruits from diverse branches and specialties, including soldiers, pilots, medics, and intelligence experts, fostering a multi-ethnic and multidisciplinary roster that reflects real-world integration. This diversity, inspired by creator Hama's experiences as a , emphasizes teamwork across varied backgrounds to tackle complex threats. The team's adherence to a strict code of , rooted in honor and the avoidance of unnecessary civilian harm, underscores its role as principled warriors in the fight against evil. The team's primary base of operations, known as The Pit, is a highly secure underground facility originally constructed beneath the motor pool of the Chaplain's Assistants School at on , New York. Designed with multiple levels including a , armory, and living quarters, The Pit provides the logistical backbone for the team's covert activities. Over time, the lore has evolved to depict the G.I. Joe Team expanding beyond its initial specialization against to confront broader adversaries, such as internal government betrayals and other international dangers. This progression highlights the team's adaptability while maintaining its foundational commitment to global security.

Main Team Members

The G.I. Joe Team features a diverse roster of characters, each with specialized roles drawn from Hasbro's original file cards and media portrayals. The following table highlights key members from the primary continuities, focusing on prominent figures.
NameRankCallsignHometownSpecial EquipmentCapabilitiesVoice Actor (Notable)Notable Appearances
Clayton M. AbernathyGeneral (O-6)HawkDenver, ColoradoM16 rifle, command headsetLeadership, artillery, small arms expertEd Gilbert (Sunbow)Marvel Comics #1 onward, Sunbow series, 2009 live-action film
Conrad S. HauserStaff Sergeant (E-8)DukeWorldUZI, laser rifleInfantry, artillery, field commandMichael Bell (Sunbow)Sunbow series, IDW comics, 2009 film
ClassifiedMaster Sergeant (E-8)Snake EyesUnknownKatana, Uzi, Timber (wolf)Ninja mastery, martial arts, stealthSilent (Ray Park in films)All major comics, cartoons, Snake Eyes (2021) film
Shana M. O'HaraLieutenant (O-3)ScarlettAtlanta, GeorgiaCrossbow with explosive boltsIntelligence, acrobatics, linguisticsLiza Hein (Sunbow)Sunbow series, Marvel comics, 2009 film
Wallace W. WeemsStaff Sergeant (E-6)RoadblockBiloxi, MississippiHeavy machine gun, mortarInfantry, heavy weapons, cookingKene Holliday (Sunbow)Sunbow series, Marvel comics, 2009 film
Dashiell R. FairebornCaptain (O-3)FlintWichita, KansasLaser rifle, survival knifeInfantry, intelligence, pilotingStan Jones (Sunbow)Sunbow series, Devil's Due comics
Alison Hart-BurnettLieutenant (O-3)Lady JayePhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaJavelin launcher, spearCovert operations, marksmanship, anthropologyMorgan Lofting (Sunbow)Sunbow series, IDW comics
Lonzo R. WilkinsonStaff Sergeant (E-6)StalkerLos Angeles, CaliforniaAK-47 rifle, explosivesInfantry, ranger training, trackingMichael McConnohie (Sunbow)Marvel comics, Sunbow series
Hector Z. DelgadoSeaman (E-3)ShipwreckArlen, TexasPistol, grappling hookMariner, navigation, demolitionMaurice LaMarche (Sunbow)Sunbow series, comics
Kendrick H. LobocSergeant (E-5)Gung-HoNew Orleans, LouisianaShotgun, wrestling gearMarine, heavy machine gunner, Cajun expertChris Collins (Sunbow)Sunbow series, Marvel comics
This selection represents core members frequently featured across the franchise's media. Details are derived from official Hasbro file cards and production notes.

Comics History

Marvel Comics Continuity

The Marvel Comics continuity established the G.I. Joe Team as an elite special counter-terrorist unit formed to combat the subversive terrorist organization , debuting in G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero #1 in June 1982. Written by with art by , the inaugural issue depicted the team's initial clash with forces attempting to seize control of key infrastructure in , setting the tone for a grounded, military-focused that blended action, , and personal drama. Hama, drawing from his own experience, crafted the series to emphasize realistic soldier archetypes and interpersonal dynamics among the Joes, contrasting with 's eclectic hierarchy led by the enigmatic . Throughout its run, the series explored origin stories for pivotal team members, including General Hawk as the strategic leader assembling the unit, Scarlett's expertise in intelligence and counter-intelligence, and the tragic backstory of Snake Eyes, the silent commando ninja whose past ties to were revealed in issues #26–27 amid flashbacks to their service and a fateful accident that scarred Snake Eyes physically and emotionally. Landmark conflicts included the (issues #46–53), where the Joes infiltrated and assaulted 's covert suburban stronghold, exposing the organization's infiltration of American society, and the Cobra Civil War (beginning in issue #73), an internal schism pitting the ancient emperor against for dominance, fracturing Cobra's ranks and forcing uneasy alliances with the Joes. These arcs highlighted themes of loyalty, betrayal, and the psychological toll of covert warfare, with character developments like Snake Eyes' deepening vendetta against Cobra adding layers to the team's cohesion. The series expanded the roster iteratively, introducing new operatives such as Roadblock, Spirit, and Wet Suit to address evolving threats, often mirroring real-world specializations. Tragic elements underscored the stakes, as seen in the death of medic Doc during a brutal in issue #109, where he and other Joes fell to a SAW Viper's firepower, marking one of the run's rare permanent casualties and amplifying the narrative's maturity. Publication spanned 155 monthly issues through December 1994, supplemented by 28 issues of the spin-off G.I. Joe Special Missions (1986–1993) focusing on black ops tales, nine annual yearbooks, and various one-shots, all predominantly scripted by Hama. This continuity profoundly shaped the franchise, as comic debuts of characters and vehicles directly informed Hasbro's line releases, synchronizing media and merchandise to drive the 1980s phenomenon.

Devil's Due and IDW Continuities

The era marked a revival of the comic line starting in 2001, when the company secured the license and framed its publications as a seamless extension of the original continuity, picking up seven years after the events of G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero #155. The relaunch commenced with the 4-issue limited series G.I. Joe: Reinstated, published through and written by , which reestablished the team's elite status amid political scrutiny and Cobra's resurgence. This led into the ongoing G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero volume 2, a 21-issue run from 2002 to 2004 that delved into global threats and team reforms under new leadership. A pivotal bridge series, G.I. Joe: Frontline, unfolded across 18 issues from 2002 to 2005, scripted by to explore the immediate aftermath of the Marvel era, including missions against remnants and internal Joe conflicts like the disavowal of certain operatives. Crossovers broadened the scope, notably G.I. Joe vs. The Transformers in three 4-issue volumes (2003, 2004, and 2007), where the Joes allied with against Decepticon-Cobra alliances, and G.I. Joe/ (4 issues in 2006), pitting the team against Deadites in a horror-infused adventure. The flagship G.I. Joe: America's Elite ongoing series spanned 37 issues (including #0) from 2005 to 2008, shifting the team to a covert "" unit; its climactic "" arc in issues #25–36 depicted 's all-out invasion of the , forcing global alliances and culminating in the organization's near-destruction. IDW Publishing assumed the G.I. Joe license in 2008, initiating a fresh continuity reboot that diverged from prior runs to emphasize contemporary military realism blended with sci-fi elements, launching with G.I. Joe #0 and tying directly into the 2009 film G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra via a 4-issue prequel miniseries that detailed the origins of key players like Cobra Commander and Destro. This reboot spawned multiple ongoing titles, including G.I. Joe volumes 1 through 5 (totaling over 120 issues across 2008–2018), G.I. Joe: Origins (19 issues, 2009–2011), and G.I. Joe: Cobra (two volumes, 28 issues combined, 2009–2012), which dissected the terrorist organization's internal machinations. A standout arc, "Season of Blood" in G.I. Joe: Cobra volume 2 issues #17–21, examined a violent power vacuum after the Commander's apparent death, with lieutenants vying ruthlessly for control amid assassinations and betrayals. Parallel to the reboot, IDW revived the classic continuity in G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero starting with issue #155.5 in 2010 under , running 146 issues to #300 by 2022 and reintegrating Marvel and Devil's Due elements with updated stakes like cyber warfare and international intrigue. Character developments highlighted returns for icons such as , Roadblock, and , while new additions like —a multilingual ninja operative trained by the Arashikage clan and specializing in infiltration and —debuted in G.I. Joe volume 3 #4 (2012), adding layers to the team's ninja subgroup and bridging espionage with hand-to-hand combat expertise. The IDW era loosely incorporated film-inspired tech and aesthetics, such as advanced nanites, without full alignment. Spanning diverse formats including like Snake Eyes (36 issues, 2013–2015) and crossovers, IDW produced over 300 issues total by 2022, concluding with G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero #300's epic finale, where the Joes thwarted Cobra's casino-fronted doomsday scheme in a nod to the franchise's enduring heroism.

Skybound Energon Universe

The Skybound Energon Universe represents a pivotal reintegration of the G.I. Joe Team into a shared comic book continuity launched by Skybound Entertainment in collaboration with Hasbro, beginning in 2023. This new continuity is distinct from Skybound's separate continuation of the classic G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero legacy series. The G.I. Joe storyline debuted with the five-issue miniseries Duke #1, released on December 13, 2023, written by Joshua Williamson and illustrated by Tom Reilly, which introduced Conrad S. Hauser, codenamed Duke, as a former U.S. Army Ranger drawn into conflict against Cobra after encountering Cybertronian technology known as Energon. This entry established the team's role in a broader narrative where Energon, a powerful alien energy source from the planet Cybertron, amplifies global threats, linking G.I. Joe directly to the Transformers and Void Rivals series within the same universe. Key events in the storyline center on Cobra's exploitation of Energon to enhance their terrorist operations, creating hybrid weapons and cybernetic soldiers that pose existential risks to humanity. In , acquires Energon-infused artifacts, leading to escalated attacks that force Duke to assemble an initial team including characters like and Faraday, confronting Cobra's schemes in urban and international settings. Subsequent arcs, such as those in the ongoing series launched on November 13, 2024, by the same creative team, expand on these threats with Cobra deploying Energon-powered mechs and bio-engineered forces, prompting alliances and high-stakes missions against Cobra strongholds like Springfield. Team-ups with emerge prominently in the 2025 Special, released on , 2025, where an Autobot scout intervenes in a operation at a secret base, forging a temporary to counter a mutual Cobra-Energon incursion. Snake Eyes, a core operative, features in significant arcs within the titles, including spotlight stories in the main series. The reimagines the Team with a modernized, diverse roster emphasizing tactical expertise, cultural representation, and adaptability to hybrid human-alien conflicts, shifting focus from Cold War-era to combating global terrorism intertwined with extraterrestrial elements like Energon contamination and Cybertronian artifacts. Core members include as field leader, Roadblock for heavy support, and newer additions like the tech-savvy Baroness (recontextualized as an ally after recruitment from ) and international recruits addressing worldwide cells. This dynamic underscores themes of unity against invasive alien influences, with the team operating as a covert global task force rather than a strictly unit. As of November 15, 2025, the lineup includes multiple ongoing series such as (issues up to #13) and specials like the 2025 edition. Crossovers were teased at 2025 during the "Transformers & : All Out War in the " panel, hinting at expanded Autobot-Joe collaborations in forthcoming issues.

Animation History

1980s Sunbow and DIC Series

The animated series, produced by Sunbow Productions in association with , debuted in syndication on September 12, 1983, as a to Hasbro's revived line. The series followed the elite team, a multinational group of specialized soldiers led by General Hawk, as they battled the terrorist organization , commanded by the enigmatic . It began with the five-part The M.A.S.S. Device, which introduced the team's formation to counter Cobra's weather-control weapon, establishing the core conflict of high-stakes espionage and military action. Over its run from 1983 to 1986, the Sunbow production delivered 95 episodes across two additional —The Revenge of Cobra (1984) and The Pyramid of Darkness (1985)—followed by two full seasons of standalone and multi-part stories emphasizing teamwork, advanced vehicles like the H.I.S.S. tank and Skystriker jet, and moral lessons on duty and resilience. Voice acting played a pivotal role in the series' memorable characterizations, with Chris Latta providing the iconic, hissing voice for Cobra Commander, while Michael Bell voiced Duke and other Joes like Blowtorch, and John Stephenson handled General Hawk. The ensemble format highlighted diverse characters such as Snake Eyes (silent ninja specialist voiced by nothing but sound effects) and Scarlett (intelligence expert), often showcasing their skills in vehicle-heavy battles against Cobra's schemes for world domination. Production was designed for first-run syndication, with episodes crafted to promote specific toys, directly boosting Hasbro's sales through integrated product placements and heroic narratives. In 1987, Sunbow released the feature-length G.I. Joe: The Movie, which served as a bridge to new toy lines and temporarily shifted the canon by mortally wounding during a invasion of the U.S., leading to Hawk's promotion and the introduction of characters like . The film retained the core voice cast, including Latta as , and emphasized epic-scale conflicts with moral undertones about sacrifice, though it underperformed at the and was later edited for TV broadcast. Following the Sunbow era, DIC Enterprises took over production from 1989 to 1992, continuing the continuity with 44 additional episodes to align with evolving Hasbro toy releases. The DIC series premiered with the five-part miniseries Operation: Dragonfire, reviving Cobra Commander from his snake form in The Movie and introducing new characters like the Joe Low-Light and the Cobra Zarana while focusing on ensemble missions against Cobra's resource-grabbing plots. Seasons 1 and 2 (1990–1991) featured 39 more episodes in syndicated format, blending episodic adventures with arcs involving vehicles such as the Destro's Doomsday Device and moral themes of environmental protection and anti-terrorism, often resolving with Joe victories that tied into toy promotions. The series maintained the heroic team dynamic against Cobra's persistent threats. Voice recasts occurred, with Charlie Adler taking over Cobra Commander, yet the emphasis remained on group heroism and gadgetry to drive viewer engagement and merchandise sales.

1990s–2000s Series

The 1990s and 2000s marked a period of reinvention for the G.I. Joe Team in , with series that diverged from the realism of the Sunbow and DIC productions by incorporating edgier action themes and advanced visual techniques to appeal to evolving audiences. These iterations featured streamlined team rosters and a greater emphasis on high-tech gadgets and speculative sci-fi elements, often tying directly into new toy lines launched by . G.I. Joe Extreme, which aired from 1995 to 1997, introduced a new iteration of the team in a post-Cold War world set in the near future of 2006, focusing on chaotic global threats from the terrorist organization S.K.A.R. (Soldiers of Kaos, Anarchy, and Ruin). The series comprised 26 episodes produced by , Gunther-Wahl Productions, and Graz Entertainment, syndicated across networks like . Led by Lt. Stone, the Extreme team—including characters like Sgt. Savage, Metalhead, and Black Dragon—engaged in combat styled after extreme sports, utilizing acrobatic maneuvers, high-speed chases, and unconventional weaponry to counter S.K.A.R.'s leader, Iron Klaw (also known as Count von Rani), a masked warlord seeking world domination through anarchy and advanced . This approach highlighted dynamic, adrenaline-fueled battles over traditional tactical strategies, aligning with the era's toy line that emphasized bold, athletic figure designs. Shifting into the mid-2000s, G.I. Joe: Sigma 6 (2005–2007) represented a further evolution, blending anime influences with computer-generated imagery (CGI) to depict a high-tech, mech-enhanced version of the team battling Cobra's resurgence. Produced by 4Kids Entertainment and animated by the Japanese studio Gonzo, the series consisted of 26 episodes aired on Fox's 4Kids TV block, featuring a mix of 2D character animation and cel-shaded CGI for vehicles, mechs, and robotic enemies to create immersive, visually striking action sequences targeted at younger viewers. The plot centered on an elite Sigma 6 unit—comprising core members like Duke, Snake Eyes, Scarlett, Heavy Duty, Long Range, and Hi-Tech—upgraded with experimental Sigma suits and massive mechs to thwart Cobra Commander's schemes, including prison breaks and global assaults using robotic armies. Story arcs explored ancient artifacts granting supernatural powers, which Cobra sought to weaponize alongside projects like the Iron Anvil, a formidable mech prototype, emphasizing sci-fi escalation and team ingenuity in high-stakes missions. This production shift to CGI elements enhanced the spectacle of gadgetry and battles, prioritizing futuristic visuals over the grounded military focus of prior eras. In 2009–2010, G.I. Joe: Resolute aired as a 10-part animated miniseries on the G4 network, produced by Samax, Inc. This darker, more mature take on the franchise featured a reimagined G.I. Joe team, including Duke, Scarlett, and Snake Eyes, clashing with Cobra in intense, realistic action sequences. Written by Warren Ellis, the series emphasized strategic military tactics and high-stakes global threats, such as Cobra's orbital weapon, while bridging elements from earlier continuities. Its serialized format and voice cast, including Charlie Adler as Cobra Commander, marked a shift toward grittier storytelling to appeal to older audiences, though it remained tied to toy promotions.

Renegades and Later Series

G.I. Joe: Renegades is an American animated television series that reimagines the classic storyline, portraying the team as a group of elite soldiers turned fugitives after a botched mission against Industries frames them for . The series, produced by Studios and executive produced by Jeff Kline, follows , Scarlett, Roadblock, , Ripcord, and Snake Eyes as they evade capture by the U.S. government while uncovering Cobra's plot for global domination. Aired on The Hub network from November 26, 2010, to July 23, 2011, the show consists of 26 half-hour episodes that emphasize a serialized narrative structure, departing from the episodic format of prior animations. The animation style draws heavy influence from anime aesthetics, featuring dynamic action sequences, expressive character designs, and fluid motion produced in collaboration with studios experienced in such visuals. This approach allows for deeper character backstories, such as Roadblock's portrayal as a gentle giant from a military family, including interactions with relatives like his nephew Heavy Duty and grandmother in episodes exploring personal stakes. Other arcs include origin flashbacks revealing how the team formed and city-to-city pursuits, such as infiltrations in urban settings to expose Cobra's pharmaceutical conspiracies and corporate takeovers. These elements build tension through ongoing mysteries, like the true extent of Cobra Commander's involvement, contrasting the gadget-heavy, self-contained stories of earlier decades. Critics praised Renegades for its engaging serialization and character-driven plots, with reviewers noting the series' fresh take on and moral complexities as a highlight for both new and veteran fans. The writing earned acclaim for balancing high-stakes action with emotional depth, earning an average user rating of 7.1 out of 10 on from over 1,200 votes. However, the show was canceled after one season due to low viewership ratings and conflicts with Hasbro's toy line strategy, particularly concerns over narrative overlap with the upcoming live-action film : Retaliation, which prioritized different character emphases. Post-2011 animated projects remained limited, with Hasbro focusing on unproduced pilots and minor digital content tied to toy promotions. In the mid-2010s, a pitched series titled G.I. Joe: Adventure Team blended 1970s adventure themes with 1980s elements, centering on a young Cobra Commander and threats from Destro's M.A.R.S. company, but it was shelved due to shifting brand priorities. Promotional digital shorts, such as brief animated clips on Hasbro's YouTube channel highlighting toy vehicles and figures, appeared sporadically through the 2010s and early 2020s to support product lines like Classified Series. As of late 2025, Skybound Entertainment and Hasbro announced development of an adult-oriented animated series in the Energon Universe, integrating G.I. Joe with Transformers in a shared continuity based on recent comics, though no episodes have aired yet.

Film Adaptations

Live-Action Films

The live-action film series produced by reimagined the Team as a high-tech elite unit battling the terrorist organization , emphasizing team recruitment, advanced weaponry, and global threats in a modern setting. The franchise began with G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra in 2009, followed by G.I. Joe: Retaliation in 2013, and a spin-off, Snake Eyes: G.I. Joe Origins, in 2021. These films portrayed the Joes as a diverse group of soldiers with specialized skills, often highlighting interpersonal dynamics such as mentorship between leaders like and Ripcord, or the silent loyalty of Snake Eyes within the unit. G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra, directed by Stephen Sommers, introduces the team through the recruitment of Army Rangers Conrad "Duke" Hauser (Channing Tatum) and Wallace "Ripcord" Weems (Marlon Wayans), who join after their experimental nanomite warheads are stolen by the shadowy arms dealer Destro (Christopher Eccleston) and his ally the Baroness (Sienna Miller). The plot centers on the Joes—led by General Hawk (Dennis Quaid) and including experts like Scarlett (Rachel Nichols) and Heavy Duty (Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje)—racing to stop Cobra's leader, Rex Lewis (Joseph Gordon-Levitt), from deploying the nanomites to destroy world capitals. Team dynamics focus on Duke's transition from reluctant soldier to committed Joe, forged through high-stakes missions involving accelerator suits and submarine chases. The film grossed $150.2 million domestically and $302.5 million worldwide against a $175 million budget, marking a commercial success despite mixed critical reception, with a 33% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes for its over-the-top action but criticized plotting. The 2013 sequel, G.I. Joe: Retaliation, directed by , shifts focus to a more ensemble-driven narrative with Roadblock (Dwayne ) as the emotional core, alongside returning characters like Snake Eyes (Ray ) and a brief appearance by . After securing Pakistani nuclear warheads, the Joes are ambushed and framed for the theft by , who uses (Arnold ) to impersonate the President () and disband the team via a global summit. Surviving members, including (Adrianne ) and Flint (D.J. ), regroup with retired (Bruce ) to expose the plot and launch a counterstrike on 's mountain base. The film emphasizes Roadblock's leadership and Snake Eyes' ninja prowess in driving team cohesion amid betrayal and revenge, with intense set pieces like a ninja duel in . It earned $122.5 million domestically and $375.7 million worldwide on a $130 million budget, achieving profitability while receiving a 29% score, praised as an improvement over the first for tighter action but faulted for thin character development. Snake Eyes: G.I. Joe Origins, directed by , serves as a exploring the titular character's backstory before joining the full team, with starring as a young Snake Eyes seeking vengeance for his father's murder. After saving the life of Arashikage clan heir Tommy () during a fight, Snake Eyes is invited to , where he trains in arts under Hard Master () and learns clan secrets involving a powerful jewel. The narrative delves into his internal conflict and budding team-like bonds within the Arashikage, complicated by betrayal from Kenta () and the Baroness (Úrsula Corberó), culminating in a that sets up his future Joe allegiance. While not featuring the core team, it hints at Snake Eyes' role in forming elite units through his warrior code. The film underperformed with $28.3 million domestically and $34.7 million worldwide against an $88 million budget, exacerbated by the , and garnered a 35% rating for stylish fights but uneven pacing. A fourth live-action film, : Ever Vigilant, is in active development as of 2025, intended as a direct sequel to Retaliation. Directed by from a script by and , the plot involves the reinstatement of the team to confront after they acquire a deadly new weapon. No release date has been announced, and casting details remain undisclosed. Casting across the series featured high-profile action stars, with anchoring the first two films as the charismatic and bringing gravitas to Roadblock in the sequel, enhancing the team's portrayal as relatable yet superhuman operatives. Ray Park's physical performance as Snake Eyes provided continuity, emphasizing silent intensity in team interactions. Overall, the released films collectively grossed over $712 million worldwide, demonstrating franchise viability through spectacle-driven storytelling, though critics consistently noted a lack of depth in team lore compared to source materials.

Animated and Crossover Films

The animated film G.I. Joe: Resolute, released in 2009 as a special, depicts the elite G.I. Joe team engaging in high-stakes, intense battles against Cobra's global domination scheme within a 24-hour timeframe, emphasizing gritty action and character-driven conflicts in an anime-influenced style. Directed by and written by , the 58-minute production portrays a more mature take on the franchise, with no holds barred on violence and strategic warfare, distinguishing it from earlier cartoon series. In 2013, promotional tie-in content for the live-action film G.I. Joe: Retaliation included animated elements through visual effects sequences that highlighted explosive combat and ninja duels, though no standalone animated shorts were produced as direct extensions of the story. The integration of G.I. Joe elements into the Transformers cinematic universe began with a cameo in the 2023 film Transformers: Rise of the Beasts, where G.I. Joe agent Burke (played by Michael Kelly) recruits protagonist Noah Diaz (Anthony Ramos) into the organization following the Autobots' battle against Unicron, establishing a shared Hasbro universe. This post-credits scene serves as a narrative bridge, hinting at collaborative threats between the human elite forces and alien Transformers. Paramount Pictures officially announced a live-action Transformers and G.I. Joe crossover film at the 2024 CinemaCon, with a targeted release in 2025 or 2026, focusing on joint operations against interconnected villains like Cobra and Decepticons amid Energon-based threats that link the franchises' lore. Producer Lorenzo di Bonaventura confirmed the project draws from the established shared universe teased in Rise of the Beasts, emphasizing large-scale battles where G.I. Joe specialists aid the Autobots. As of late 2025, the script remains in early development with no director attached, though G.I. Joe: Retaliation helmer Jon M. Chu has expressed openness to returning for the franchise.

Factions and Subgroups

Ninja Force

The Ninja Force is a specialized ninja-themed subgroup of the G.I. Joe Team, designed for stealth-based infiltration, sabotage, and close-quarters combat operations against threats. Introduced in the 1992 Hasbro toy line as part of the A Real American Hero series, the team debuted in the Marvel Comics continuity in G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero issue #117 (October 1991), where it was assembled under Storm Shadow's training to support high-risk missions requiring expertise. This formation marked a shift toward themed elite units in the storylines, emphasizing agility and precision over conventional firepower. The core members of the Ninja Force include veteran operatives Snake Eyes, the team's silent commando and martial arts master; , a former ninja who defected to the Joes and serves as the unit's trainer, resolving his long-standing redemption arc through leadership in anti- efforts; and Scarlett, providing intelligence and crossbow support with her enhanced ninja garb. New recruits bolstered the group, such as T'JBang, a mystical ninja specializing in attacks; , a weapons expert wielding ; and , a versatile fighter with spring-loaded action features in the toy line. In narrative arcs, the Ninja Force played a pivotal role in blending traditional discipline with strategic operations, often undertaking missions that leveraged personal vendettas and clan loyalties against 's hierarchy. A key example involved infiltrating strongholds for sabotage, including operations targeting Serpentor's forces during escalating conflicts in issues #135–138 (1993), where the team clashed with Night Creepers and disrupted enemy supply lines. These efforts highlighted Storm Shadow's integration into the Joes, as his training of the unit symbolized his full defection and atonement for past allegiances. The subgroup's toy line tie-ins featured innovative ninja weapons and accessories, such as spring-loaded launchers and modular armor, which directly influenced comic portrayals of enhanced mobility and gadgetry in combat. Overall, the Ninja Force enhanced the G.I. Joe lore by infusing Eastern martial traditions into Western military tactics, appearing prominently in Marvel issues through 1994 before the series concluded.

Battleforce 2000

Battle Force 2000 was a specialized subgroup of the G.I. Joe team, debuting in 1987 as a forward-looking unit dedicated to testing experimental prototypes for 21st-century warfare. This vehicle-centric team was created to push the boundaries of military technology, focusing on high-tech equipment that anticipated future combat scenarios, and was integrated into the broader G.I. Joe operations to counter evolving threats. The core members of Battle Force 2000 consisted of Dodger, the team's leader and Marauder tank commander; Maverick, pilot of the Vector fighter jet; Knockdown, operator of the Sky Sweeper anti-aircraft vehicle; Blocker, driver of the Eliminator armored personnel carrier; Blaster, hovercraft designer operating the Vindicator; and Avalanche, who commanded the Dominator snowmobile. Each member's role emphasized rapid deployment and technological superiority in diverse terrains, from aerial strikes to ground assaults. In the Marvel Comics' : A Real American Hero series, Battle Force 2000 first appeared in issue #68, where the team was depicted as a secretive research and development unit conducting field tests that drew 's attention, leading to intense conflicts with the enemy's advanced weaponry and robotic forces. Over time, they were fully integrated into the main roster, participating in high-stakes missions that showcased their vehicles against 's innovative tech, such as laser-guided missiles and . The subgroup featured prominently in time-displaced story arcs, including temporal disruptions where their experimental gear proved crucial, though most members perished during the Battle of Benzheen in issue #113 (1991), amid the Civil War, with Dodger as the sole survivor. The toy line's design emphasized oversized, futuristic vehicles intended to refresh the G.I. Joe franchise by incorporating modular components that could interconnect into a massive Future Fortress battle station, appealing to collectors with enhanced playability and sci-fi aesthetics. Notable examples include the Marauder, a heavily armored with rapid-fire cannons, and the Sky Sweeper, a mobile anti-air platform, both crafted to simulate cutting-edge military hardware and drive sales through innovative .

Other Specialized Units

The Drug Elimination Force (DEF), introduced in 1992, was a specialized G.I. Joe subgroup dedicated to combating drug-related threats, particularly targeting the villain Headman and his Headhunter gang in operations to secure urban areas like "" Key members included Bullet-Proof, a counter-terrorism expert; Cutter, a hovercraft pilot repurposed for anti-narcotics raids; Low-Light, a night-vision ; and , a stealth operative, all equipped with Battle-Flash weapons for high-visibility enforcement actions. The unit's vehicles, such as the Shark 9000 in 1993, supported aquatic interdiction missions against 's illicit operations. In the lore, DEF expanded the team's role into social issues, portraying Joes as defenders against domestic crime syndicates allied with Cobra, though the subgroup was ultimately packaged under the Battle Corps line without dedicated U.S. villains. The Star Brigade, launched in 1993, represented G.I. Joe's venture into space defense, comprising high-tech astronauts countering extraterrestrial and threats from the Lunartix Empire. Prominent members were , a with zero-gravity expertise; Sci-Fi, a rifleman adapted for orbital combat; , a pilot; and , an environmental specialist handling asteroid threats, often joined by mainstays like and Roadblock in armored variants. Vehicles included the Starfighter for interstellar pursuits and the Armor Bot for planetary assaults, with a 1994 expansion adding the Power Fighter. Within the storyline, particularly in issues #146-148, the Brigade thwarted cosmic invasions, emphasizing the team's adaptability to off-world scenarios and protection of from interstellar perils. Slaughter's Marauders, an elite assault squad formed in and featuring variants into , specialized in rapid ground offensives to breach and Iron fortifications using heavily armored vehicles. Led by , the unit included Footloose, a forward observer; Low-Light, providing sniper support; Spirit, an eagle-assisted tracker; and Mutt with his dog Junkyard for close-quarters control, all in green-and-brown camouflage for jungle and woodland strikes. Signature vehicles were the battle tank, Equalizer jeep, and Lynx assault buggy, enabling . In the narrative, the Marauders served as for initial assaults, enhancing G.I. Joe's tactical depth in . Later developments introduced modular figures like the Combo Troopers in the Classified Series, allowing customizable troop configurations for versatile battlefield roles beyond traditional infantry. These units collectively broadened the Team's operational scope, integrating anti-narcotics, extraterrestrial, and elite assault capabilities to address diverse threats from Cobra's evolving schemes.

Counterparts and Allies

Oktober Guard

The Oktober Guard is a fictional elite special operations unit in the G.I. Joe franchise, serving as the Soviet counterpart to the American team during the era. Introduced in the Marvel Comics series G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero #6 (August 1982), the group debuted as adversaries to the Joes in a three-way conflict over a crashed U.S. spy plane in , alongside Cobra forces. In the subsequent issue #7 (September 1982), the teams formed a tenuous to escape captivity and combat their mutual enemy, establishing a pattern of rivalry interspersed with pragmatic cooperation. Key members of the original Oktober Guard included Colonel Brekhov, the ; Lt. Daina, the specialist from ; Horrorshow, the heavy weapons expert from ; Schrage, the sniper from ; and Stormavik, the pilot from . Later iterations featured additions like Red Star as commander and collaborators such as , a ranger who bridged the two teams in select storylines. These characters embodied diverse nationalities, underscoring the unit's multinational composition beyond just Soviet personnel. The Oktober Guard's interactions with G.I. Joe often involved joint missions against , highlighting reluctant partnerships amid geopolitical tensions. Notable examples include their debut alliance in the ' early arcs and the "" storyline in the 1990 animated series, where the teams united with defectors Rampart and Captain Dasha to thwart a Cobra weather-control weapon in the . In the continuity starting in 2011, the group evolved post-Soviet Union into a Russian-led force, maintaining alliances with while confronting internal reforms and new threats like rogue Cobra elements in . Thematically, the Oktober Guard represents themes of international cooperation overriding superpower rivalries, portraying Soviet operatives as honorable professionals rather than villains, which added nuance to narratives in the franchise. This dynamic allowed stories to explore mutual respect between ideological foes, as seen in collaborative efforts against global terrorism, while avoiding simplistic portrayals of East-West conflict.

International Variants

The Team was adapted for international markets through localized toy lines and media that incorporated regional characters and narratives to appeal to non-U.S. audiences. In the and , Palitoy launched in the early as an original military-themed line featuring 3¾-inch figures, which later transitioned to incorporate G.I. Joe elements starting in 1987. This European variant emphasized an international special mission force battling threats like the Red Shadows, a terrorist organization introduced in UK as pre-Cobra enemies seeking world domination through advanced weaponry and . The Action Force line included comic adaptations by from 1987 to 1990s, blending original stories with G.I. Joe crossovers, such as the integration of characters like reimagined as British. In Brazil, Estrela produced Comandos em Ação starting in 1984, utilizing molds to create a localized roster of action figures tailored to the domestic market. The line featured renamed characters such as Soldado Morteiro (based on Short-Fuze), Frente de Batalha (Grunt), and Cobra Soldado ( trooper), along with unique vehicles and playsets that reflected local manufacturing capabilities and toy preferences. This adaptation tied into regional toy releases, achieving commercial success by capturing a share of the boys' toy market with affordable, durable figures sold through Brazilian retailers. Comandos em Ação ran through the and into the , with later waves incorporating articulated points for enhanced playability. Other European variants included comic-exclusive elements like the Red Shadows, who originated in the UK Battle Action Force series from 1983 to 1986 as a shadowy paramilitary group led by Baron Ironblood, predating Cobra's global threat. These adaptations often adjusted narratives for regional sensibilities, such as portraying multinational teams to resonate with European audiences amid tensions, though without explicit political overhauls. In markets like , standard G.I. Joe figures were distributed without major roster changes, maintaining high-quality plastic akin to U.S. versions but packaged for local sales. Overall, these variants preserved the core anti-terrorism theme while fostering cultural relevance through renamed heroes and region-specific storytelling.

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  69. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1046173/fullcredits/
  70. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1259299/
  71. https://www.amazon.com/G-I-Joe-Resolute-Widescreen-Duke/dp/B002NXSRWK
  72. https://www.awn.com/vfxworld/gi-joe-gets-vfx-retaliation
  73. https://collider.com/gi-joe-transformers-rise-of-beasts-lorenzo-di-bonaventura-comments/
  74. https://variety.com/2023/film/news/transformers-gi-joe-rise-of-the-beasts-ending-1235637229/
  75. https://www.ign.com/articles/transformers-and-gi-joe-crossover-movie-is-officially-happening
  76. https://deadline.com/2024/04/transformers-g-i-joe-crossover-paramount-cinemacon-1235882008/
  77. https://comicbook.com/movies/news/jon-m-chu-teases-return-to-g-i-joe-movie-franchise-you-never-know/
  78. https://www.yojoe.com/comics/joe/joe117.shtml
  79. https://www.yojoe.com/action/subteams/ninjaforcejoe.shtml
  80. https://www.yojoe.com/action/92/
  81. https://www.yojoe.com/comics/joe/joe135.shtml
  82. http://www.myuselessknowledge.com/joe/bf2000.html
  83. https://gijoe.fandom.com/wiki/Battle_Force_2000
  84. http://toysandbacon.blogspot.com/2012/06/figure-friday-battle-force-2000.html
  85. https://www.cbr.com/g-i-joe-battle-force-2000-killed-marvel/
  86. https://www.yojoe.com/action/subteams/def.shtml
  87. https://www.yojoe.com/vehicles/93/shark9000/
  88. https://www.yojoe.com/action/subteams/starbrigade.shtml
  89. https://www.yojoe.com/comics/joe/joe146.shtml
  90. https://www.yojoe.com/action/subteams/marauders.shtml
  91. https://www.yojoe.com/vehicles/89/armadillo/
  92. https://toynewsi.com/278-59232
  93. https://www.mycomicshop.com/search?q=G%252EI%252E%2520Joe%253A%2520A%2520Real%2520American%2520Hero%25206
  94. https://www.mycomicshop.com/search?ItemID=63130707
  95. https://www.yojoe.com/action/subteams/oktoberguard.shtml
  96. https://www.mycomicshop.com/search?TID=82921
  97. https://www.mycomicshop.com/search?TID=24215853
  98. https://www.mycomicshop.com/search?TID=82961
  99. https://www.yojoe.com/archive/actfig/actionforce.shtml
  100. https://www.yojoe.com/comics/international/
  101. https://gijoe.fandom.com/wiki/Red_Shadows
  102. https://www.yojoe.com/international/brazil/acaohistory8.shtml
  103. https://www.yojoe.com/international/brazil/
  104. https://comicbookinvest.com/2019/01/27/the-red-shadows-a-forgotten-enemy/
  105. https://www.yojoe.com/international/italy/
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