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Redwall
See list of books in series
AuthorBrian Jacques
TranslatorVarious
IllustratorVarious
Cover artistVarious
CountryUnited Kingdom
LanguageEnglish
GenreChildren's, Fantasy novel
Published1986–2011
Media typePrint (hardback & paperback)

Redwall is a series of children's fantasy novels by British writer Brian Jacques, published from 1986 to 2011.[1][2] It is also the title of the first book of the series, published in 1986, as well as the name of the abbey featured in the book, and is the name of an animated television series based on three of the novels (Redwall, Mattimeo, and Martin the Warrior), which first aired in 1999. The books are primarily aimed at pre- to early adolescents. There have been 22 novels and two picture books published. The twenty-second, and final, novel, The Rogue Crew, was posthumously released on 3 May 2011, almost three months after Jacques' death on 5 February.[3]

Overview

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The Redwall series was written by Brian Jacques.

The series chronicles the adventures of the anthropomorphic animals inhabiting Redwall Abbey and the surrounding countryside of Mossflower Wood, including mice, moles, hares, badgers, and other woodland species. Frequently the peace-loving creatures of Mossflower are called upon to become warriors to defend themselves from marauding bands of "vermin" such as rats, weasels, and foxes.

The novels in the series are set in many periods in the fictional history of Redwall and Mossflower; the chronological order of the stories is not the same as the order in which they were written, some taking place before the construction of Redwall Abbey itself or in far-flung locations beyond Mossflower. Some of the books focus on characters who, in other volumes, are legendary historical figures, such as The Legend of Luke. Because of the widely spaced storylines, very few characters are mentioned in more than one or two novels. One notable exception is Martin the Warrior, one of the founders of Redwall Abbey, whose adventures are chronicled in several of the novels and who is frequently mentioned as an icon of heroism who inspires later Redwall denizens, occasionally appearing to them as a spiritual vision.

Despite the changing historical setting and absence of recurring characters, familiar character archetypes recur throughout the books, often characters in tribe-specific leadership roles, such as the Badger Lords, the Skipper of Otters, or the shrew tribe leader "Log-a-Log". Other recurring elements include "Dibbuns" (the Redwall name for infant woodlanders) and detailed descriptions of food.

Although the main setting is an abbey, and several characters are referred to as monks, friars, or other such titles, the series makes little mention of religious beliefs or practices. Early novels establish a St. Ninian's church near Redwall Abbey, but a later novel retcons St. Ninian's as a misnomer for a building that was never a church.

The Redwall novels are characterized as fantasy, but contain little in the way of magic or the supernatural, apart from the anthropomorphism of the animal characters. The sword of Martin the Warrior is believed by many characters to be magical, and vermin occasionally try to steal it for this reason; Mossflower reveals that it was forged from a fragment of a meteorite at the volcanic fortress Salamandastron by the Badger Lord known as Boar the Fighter. The novels' "monsters" are not mythical creatures, but real-world predators such as adders, sharks, and wolverines.

Books

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At the time of Jacques' death, twenty-one novels had been released. The Sable Quean was released in February 2010. The twenty-second and (because of his death) final book, The Rogue Crew, was released on 3 May 2011.[3]

The prequels to Redwall were not released in any chronological order. The sequels, including Mattimeo, were released in the order in which they occur. The books are listed below in their chronological order within the fictional world of Redwall, with publication dates noted.

Title Publication Chronological order
Lord Brocktree 2000 1
Martin the Warrior[2] 1993 2
Mossflower 1988 3
The Legend of Luke 1999 4
Outcast of Redwall 1995 5
Mariel of Redwall 1991 6
The Bellmaker 1994 7
Salamandastron 1992 8
Redwall[2] 1986 9
Mattimeo[2] 1989 10
Pearls of Lutra 1996 11
The Long Patrol 1997 12
Marlfox 1998 13
The Taggerung 2001 14
Triss 2002 15
Loamhedge 2003 16
Rakkety Tam 2004 17
High Rhulain 2005 18
Eulalia! 2007 19
Doomwyte 2008 20
The Sable Quean 2010 21
The Rogue Crew[1] 2011 22
1 Books from which an audiobook has not been made
2 Books on which a TV series has been based

The first three chronologically ordered books (Lord Brocktree, Martin the Warrior, and Mossflower) take place before the construction of Redwall Abbey, while the fourth, The Legend of Luke, takes place during its construction. Many of the books that take place before Redwall was constructed are told via a framing device.

Most books adjacent to each other in chronological order take place within a generation or so of each other, as evidenced by mentions of past characters in the later books. Redwall and Mattimeo as well as Mariel of Redwall and The Bellmaker feature the same cast, with a short span of time between them. From Triss onward, however, they take place so far apart in time that none share any characters with other books anymore.

Characters

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In the Redwall universe, species almost invariably (with very few exceptions, including a change of heart mid-story) determines a creature's nature, whether good or evil. Some common noble species in Redwall include mice, otters, moles, hares, squirrels, hedgehogs, shrews, birds, voles, and badgers, while common vermin (antagonists) include rats, foxes, weasels, ferrets, ravens, snakes, stoats, ermine, sables, wildcats, magpies, rooks, and crows. However, many other species also make appearances throughout the novels as well, though less commonly. Some are only mentioned once or twice (e.g., wolves, beavers, turtles, whales, wolverines, sables, tortoises, golden hamsters, bats, monitor lizards, polecats, and in the first book horses, pigs, dogs and cows).

Land mammals

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Dormice appear sometimes but are rarely major characters. Bank voles are also featured on numerous occasions, usually as "good" characters but once as an evil character. Twice, in Mattimeo and Loamhedge, there is a creature, apparently half weasel and half ferret, called a Wearet, while the book The Rogue Crew features a (purportedly) half-weasel and half-rat Wearat as its principal villain. Pine martens have been featured in three books, once as the main villain and twice in the service of a wildcat. In Martin the Warrior, a group of squirrels called the Gawtrybe are presented as villains, though squirrels are usually considered "good", and indeed the Gawtrybe end up aiding the heroes during the final battle.

Reptiles and amphibians

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Several species of reptiles are featured in the books, such as adders, other snakes, and lizards. Snakes (typically adders) in Redwall, despite being evil, are more like a third party, as they feast on good and evil species alike. Amphibians like toads and frogs have been featured also, and are depicted as lower creatures that live in tribes and usually serve not as the primary villains but as secondary distractions to heroes.

Birds

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Crows and other Corvus birds also appear on numerous occasions, usually being vicious and territorial. Other birds such as owls, herons, red-tailed hawks, and eagles are mentioned, some having major parts in books, including in Mattimeo when a raven named General Ironbeak manages to invade and almost conquers Redwall Abbey with his army of rooks.

Aquatic animals

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On numerous occasions the books mention seals, whose language makes little sense to other creatures. Pikes can be found throughout the books, inhabiting rivers and often acting as a secondary distraction. Sharks most often serve to attack ships; one instance can be found in Triss.

Locations

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The books are centered around Redwall Abbey, a red sandstone abbey built after the events of Mossflower. It is home to many of the good animals of Mossflower Woods. Also important is the mountain fortress called Salamandastron, home to the Badger Lords and the famed hares of the Long Patrol, the mountain's army. Other notable places include the fortress Riftgard, Loamhedge, and Green Isle. A main recurring waterway is the River Moss. In other stories, like The Bellmaker and The Legend of Luke, most of the story takes place aboard sailing ships.

There are also the far northern lands; much of the wildlife in the books from those lands are those native to Scotland specifically, such as pine martens and golden eagles. There are also islands featured in the series; usually, each island is featured in one book only.

Literary significance and reception

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The Redwall series has been widely praised, and Brian Jacques was called one of "the best children's authors in the world".[4] The books of the Redwall series have drawn comparisons to J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings,[5] to Kenneth Grahame's The Wind in the Willows, and Richard Adams's Watership Down.[6] Jacques combines "action, poetry, songs, courage, and vivid descriptions" to create a unique style that spans the series.[7]

The Redwall series has received praise for its "equal-opportunity adventuring, in which female creatures can be just as courageous (or as diabolical) as their male counterparts".[8] Novels such as Mariel of Redwall, Pearls of Lutra, High Rhulain and Triss all feature strong female leading characters. Jacques has also received acclaim for his development of unique language[9] intrinsic to certain species, giving the novels an "endearing dialectal dialogue".[10]

Some reviews have been critical of the Redwall novels for providing too simplistic a view of good and evil.[10] The characteristics of the animals in the novels are fixed by their species, making them quite "predictable",[11] though there have been a few books, such as in Outcast of Redwall and Pearls of Lutra, in which vermin have acted selflessly, in one taking a spear through the chest and back meant for his former nursemaid (though she disregards his actions as impulse and comes to consider him born to be evil), and in the other saving the Abbot of Redwall from lizards. Another exception is in The Bellmaker, where a searat strives to start being good instead of evil, abandoning his life of pirating to live by himself. In some cases, different members of the same species possess different moral compasses. For example, the wildcats in the book Mossflower each exhibit different characteristics: although Lady Tsarmina is cruel and vicious, her father Lord Verdauga is seen as hard but fair, and her brother Gingivere is kind and eventually joins the side of the woodlanders. As a general rule, though, characters tend to "epitomize their class origins", rarely rising above them.[12]

Many reviewers have also criticized the Redwall series for repetition and predictability, citing "recycled" plot lines[13] and Jacques' tendency to follow a "pattern to the dot".[14] Other reviewers note that such predictable "ingredients" may be what "makes the Redwall recipe so consistently popular".[11] Although the series does not break new ground in terms of plot formula, it does provide satisfying adventures with "comforting, predictable conclusions for its fans".[15]

Illustrators

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The last interior artist was Sean Rubin. Prior to Rubin taking over in 2009, David Elliot illustrated six books in the Redwall series, including Eulalia!, published in 2007. Elliot also illustrated the anniversary edition of Mossflower, with full page illustrations. Other previous interior illustrators include Gary Chalk (Redwall, Mariel of Redwall, and Martin the Warrior), Allan Curless (The Bellmaker The Long Patrol), Chris Baker (Marlfox to Lord Brocktree) and Peter Standley (The Taggerung). The cover artist of the US editions of the novels is Troy Howell. Pete Lyon and Douglas Hall provided cover art for different UK editions of the first four books. Later, Chris Baker became the UK cover artist up until the release of Triss, when David Wyatt took over.[citation needed]

Adaptations

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International editions

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Books in the Redwall series have been translated into Arabic, Bulgarian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Latvian, Norwegian, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Spanish, and Swedish.[citation needed]

Television series and films

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The first season of the Redwall television series, released in 1999, was based upon the novel Redwall. It was later followed by two more seasons, based on the books Mattimeo and Martin the Warrior. Each season contained 13 episodes. Each episode was opened with Brian Jacques himself giving a synopsis of the story so far. These scenes were later cut from subsequent re-airings and DVD releases.[citation needed]

In February 2021, Netflix acquired full adaptation rights to the novel series. A feature film based on the novel Redwall and an animated "event series" based on the character Martin the Warrior are in the works for the streaming platform. Patrick McHale, creator of Over the Garden Wall, was attached to the project and writing the film's script.[16] Due to changes at Netflix in December 2022, however, McHale is no longer working on the feature film.[17]

Audiobooks

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There have been full-length audiobooks published of most of the Redwall books, the exceptions being The Pearls of Lutra, Marlfox, Lord Brocktree (on cassette), The Legend of Luke, and The Rogue Crew. Instead of being read by a single actor, the novels are narrated by a large cast. Brian Jacques served as the narrator for almost all of the audiobooks (with Salamandastron being the sole exception), sometimes reading select parts, and his son Marc Jacques appeared as the characters Matthias, Martin and others. The audiobooks also feature fully-realized musical performances of the songs that each book contains, composed and performed by Billy Maher.

Some abridged audiobooks have also been released. They include Redwall, Mossflower, Pearls of Lutra, The Long Patrol, Marlfox, The Legend of Luke and Lord Brocktree. Each is three hours in length and read solely by Brian Jacques or another narrator.

Opera

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In 1996, Evelyn Swenson composed an opera based on the first book in the Redwall series. It was produced by OperaDelaware in Wilmington, Delaware and later toured Europe.[18]

Games

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There are multiple officially-licensed video games based on the Redwall series. All of these games were created by Soma Games under the banner of The Lost Legends of Redwall. These games include "Redwall AbbeyCraft - The Corsair's Last Treasure," a Minecraft adventure map; "The Scout Anthology," a video game narrative with three acts; "The Lost Legends of Redwall," an app with three different choose-your-own-adventure narratives; and "Feasts & Friends," a cooking simulation.

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References

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Redwall

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Redwall is a series of 22 novels written by English author , published between 1987 and 2011, that follows anthropomorphic animals in a medieval-inspired world where heroic creatures defend their peaceful abbey from villainous foes. The series, which sold more than 20 million copies worldwide, centers on Redwall Abbey, a in the woodland realm of Mossflower, and explores timeless themes of good versus evil, courage, compassion, and the triumph of humble heroes over tyrannical adversaries. , born in in 1939 and who passed away in 2011 at age 71, drew inspiration from his experiences as a storyteller for children at a school for the blind, infusing the books with vivid descriptions, rich dialogue, and intricate world-building that appeals to young readers and reluctant readers alike. The inaugural novel, Redwall (1987), introduces the abbey under siege by the rat warlord Cluny the Scourge, setting the pattern for subsequent installments that often feature prequels, sequels, or side stories involving badgers, otters, squirrels, and other woodland inhabitants battling like rats, foxes, and weasels. Jacques's narrative style evokes epic quests reminiscent of Tolkien and Arthurian legends, complete with feasts, battles, poetry, and songs that enhance the immersive medieval atmosphere. Beyond the books, the franchise has expanded into graphic novels, audiobooks, and merchandise, with acquiring adaptation rights in 2021 for an animated and television series, though development remains ongoing as of 2024. The enduring popularity of Redwall lies in its celebration of community, moral clarity, and adventurous escapism, making it a staple in and educational curricula.

Introduction

Overview

The Redwall series comprises 22 children's fantasy novels authored by British writer , spanning publication from 1986 to 2011 and featuring anthropomorphic animals in a medieval-inspired world. Set primarily around the fortified Redwall Abbey, the narratives center on communities of woodland creatures who embody virtues of and . At its core, the series depicts peaceful "woodlander" animals—such as mice, otters, and badgers—defending their abbey home from invasions by villainous "" like rats and foxes, underscoring heroism, communal bonds, and celebratory feasts. Classified as heroic fantasy , it targets young readers aged 10-14 with epic quests, moral dilemmas, and standalone yet interconnected tales that encourage reluctant readers through vivid storytelling. Key motifs include the stark dichotomy of good versus evil, the abbey as a beacon of compassionate community life, and recurring elements of prophecy and legacy that link generations of heroes across the books. By 2011, the series had achieved global sales exceeding 20 million copies.

Author and Origins

Brian Jacques, born James Brian Jacques on June 15, 1939, in , , was an English author, storyteller, and broadcaster renowned for creating the Redwall series. Growing up in the city's dockland area amid poverty and the hardships of , he left school at age 15 and pursued a variety of working-class jobs, including longshoreman, merchant seaman, , , stand-up comedian, and police constable, before establishing himself as a folk singer with the Liverpool Fishermen group in the 1960s. His early experiences, including serving as an altar boy which enriched his command of language, and influences from teachers like Alan Durband—who later aided in publishing—shaped his narrative style rooted in oral traditions. Jacques also worked as a broadcaster, hosting the program Jakestown, where his storytelling prowess drew from Liverpool's folk heritage. The Redwall series originated in 1986 when , then a milk truck driver, began entertaining blind children at School for the Blind in by reading stories aloud during deliveries; to provide a more immersive experience, he penned the first book, Redwall, as a descriptive gift for them, drawing inspiration from his childhood fascination with adventure tales and anthropomorphic animals. The faced initial rejections from publishers but was championed by his former teacher Alan Durband, who shared it with a contact at Hutchinson, securing a for the first five books and leading to its publication that year. Jacques' writing process emphasized an approach, influenced by his and folk roots, with vivid, flowing prose that highlighted elaborate descriptions of feasts—reminiscent of wartime rationing—and epic battles, allowing readers to visualize scenes as if heard aloud. He authored all 22 main Redwall novels, along with companion works like The Redwall Cookbook, crafting each in 4 to 5 months by starting with a core idea and ending, then letting the narrative unfold organically under an in his garden. Despite early self-doubt—stemming from incidents like being punished at for writing advanced stories he composed himself—and financial struggles from his varied labor jobs, Jacques overcame these challenges to achieve global success with the series, which sold over 20 million copies. He passed away on February 5, 2011, at age 71, following emergency surgery for an that led to a heart attack, leaving behind his wife Maureen and sons Marc and David. The final Redwall novel, , was published posthumously in May 2011, with no official new entries since; his estate continues to manage the rights and legacy.

The Series

Books

The Redwall series comprises 22 main novels authored by , originally published in the by Hutchinson Children's Books from 1986 to 2011, with simultaneous or subsequent releases in the United States by Philomel Books, an imprint of Penguin. These works form the core of the anthropomorphic fantasy saga set in a medieval-inspired world of woodland creatures, emphasizing themes of heroism and community defense without delving into interconnected plots here. The books are listed below in order of their initial UK publication, each accompanied by a brief non-spoiler synopsis highlighting the primary setting, protagonist archetype, and central conflict. Many titles have seen re-editions by , Penguin's children's imprint, to maintain availability for new readers. The series includes informal arcs, such as the trilogy—Mossflower (1988), (1993), and (1999)—which explore the foundational legend of the warrior mouse whose legacy inspires later protagonists. No official new novels have been released since in 2011, following Jacques' death that year, though the existing corpus remains a complete and self-contained collection. Redwall (1986)
Published by Hutchinson () and Philomel (), this inaugural novel centers on Redwall Abbey, a haven for peace-loving mice and woodland allies, where a young novice mouse must rise to lead the defense against Cluny the Scourge, a ruthless one-eyed rat warlord and his invading horde intent on conquest. Mossflower (1988)
Hutchinson () and Philomel () released this set in the ancient woodlands of Mossflower, where a bold warrior mouse arrives as a and rallies oppressed creatures against the tyrannical wildcat queen Tsarmina Greeneyes, forging alliances to challenge her iron-fisted rule over the land. Mattimeo (1989)
Issued by Hutchinson (UK) and Philomel (US), the story unfolds at Redwall Abbey, where the son of a heroic , along with other young abbey dwellers, faces abduction by the cunning Slagar, prompting a perilous pursuit by their families to rescue the captives from a sinister fate. Mariel of Redwall (1991)
Hutchinson () and Philomel (US) published this installment, which follows a determined mousemaid shipwrecked on the shores of Mossflower, who joins forces with Redwall's inhabitants to confront the savage sea rats commanded by the tyrannical pirate Gabool the Wild, seeking to reclaim her homeland's honor. Salamandastron (1992)
This novel, from Hutchinson () and Philomel (), spans Redwall Abbey plagued by a mysterious illness and the distant badger stronghold of under siege by the assassin weasel Ferahgo and his horde, where a and must unite to safeguard both realms from encroaching evil. Martin the Warrior (1993)
Published by Hutchinson () and Philomel (), the tale is set on the eastern coast at the fortress of Marshank, where a captive young mouse warrior escapes enslavement under the despot Badrang, embarking on a quest for freedom that lays the groundwork for the abbey’s future. The Bellmaker (1994)
Hutchinson () and Philomel () brought forth this adventure, focusing on a skilled inventor and his daughter, the mousemaid from a prior tale, who lead a band of allies to liberate the coastal kingdom of Southsward from the grip of the monstrous Foxwolf and its rat army. Outcast of Redwall (1995)
This entry, released by Hutchinson () and Philomel (), explores the wilds of Mossflower where a young creature exiled from Redwall Abbey becomes caught in the bitter rivalry between a mighty badger lord and the treacherous Swartt Sixclaw, testing loyalties amid escalating violence. Pearls of Lutra (1996)
Hutchinson (UK) and Philomel (US) published this story set at Redwall Abbey and the distant island of Sampetra, where a resourceful maid deciphers ancient riddles tied to legendary pearls, while confronting the imperial ambitions of a mad emperor and his conquering forces. The Long Patrol (1997)
From Hutchinson (UK) and Philomel (US), the narrative follows a spirited recruited to the elite at , who must confront the massive Rapscallion army led by the warlord Damug Warfang as it marches toward Redwall, demanding unyielding valor on the open plains. Marlfox (1998)
Hutchinson () and Philomel () issued this volume centered on the watery fastness of Castle Marl, where a sly vixen queen deploys her phantom-like children and water rat minions to plunder treasures, drawing otters and squirrels into a watery battle for justice. The Legend of Luke (1999)
Published by Hutchinson () and Philomel (), this sequel to earlier Martin tales traces a mouse's voyage along the northland , driven by the mystery of his father Luke's seafaring past and pursued by the villainous pirate Vilu Daskar, blending land and sea perils. Lord Brocktree (2000)
Hutchinson () and Philomel () released this at the mountain fortress of , where a formidable assembles woodland allies to repel the invading Hordes under the wildcat tyrant Ungatt Trunn, restoring order to a realm on the brink of domination. Taggerung (2001)
This novel from Hutchinson () and Philomel () unfolds in the rugged northern wilds, following a young raised by a brutal Juska clan as their prophesied assassin, who grapples with suppressed memories of his peaceful Redwall origins amid tribal power struggles. Triss (2002)
Hutchinson () and Philomel () published this tale of a brave squirrelmaid enslaved at the icy Riftgard fortress, who flees southward to seek sanctuary at , intersecting with other fugitives as a new heroic figure emerges to counter the slavers' pursuit. Loamhedge (2003)
Issued by Hutchinson () and Philomel (), the story concerns a gentle haremaid at questing to the ruined abbey of Loamhedge for a legendary cure to her , while searat under Bol launch raids that endanger the woodland peace. Rakkety Tam (2004)
Hutchinson (UK) and Philomel (US) brought this adventure featuring a daring Highland warrior venturing into Mossflower Woods, where he allies with Redwall defenders against a savage and his cannibalistic band terrorizing the borders. High Rhulain (2005)
From Hutchinson () and Philomel (), the plot centers on the mist-shrouded isle of Green Isle, where enslaved otters await their prophesied —a —to lead a against the oppressive tyrants holding them in bondage. Eulalia! (2007)
Hutchinson () and Philomel () published this entry tracking a noble young badger lord's arduous trek to reclaim from a marauding usurper, while a golden fox pirate and his searat crew plunder coastal realms in a bid for supremacy. Doomwyte (2008)
This volume, released by Hutchinson () and Philomel (), follows a clever young mouse at Redwall Abbey who rallies companions on a treasure hunt for the jeweled eyes of the Great Doomwyte Idol, pursued by malevolent ravens and a treacherous lurking in the shadows. The Sable Quean (2010)
Hutchinson (UK) and Philomel (US) issued this penultimate novel, depicting a cunning sable queen and her vermin legions devising a scheme to seize Redwall Abbey and its babes, countered by woodland warriors including a badger ruler and hare squad. The Rogue Crew (2011)
The final book from Hutchinson (UK) and Philomel (US) unites the elite hares of the Long Patrol from Salamandastron with the seafaring otters of the Rogue Crew to battle the monstrous wearat Razzid and his corsair ship threatening Redwall's shores and beyond.

Chronology and Structure

The Redwall series does not follow a strict publication order for its internal chronology, with many novels serving as prequels or sequels to earlier-published works, creating a shared universe that spans multiple eras in the fictional world of Mossflower Woods and beyond. For instance, Mossflower, published in 1988, acts as a prequel to the inaugural novel Redwall from 1986, detailing events leading to the founding of Redwall Abbey generations before the original story's timeline. The official chronological order, as outlined by the series' webmaster (prior to the publication of the final two books), places Martin the Warrior (1993) first, followed by Mossflower, The Legend of Luke (1999), Outcast of Redwall (1995), Mariel of Redwall (1991), The Bellmaker (1994), Salamandastron (1992), Redwall, Mattimeo (1989), The Pearls of Lutra (1996), The Long Patrol (1997), Marlfox (1998), Lord Brocktree (2000), Taggerung (2001), Triss (2002), Loamhedge (2003), Rakkety Tam (2004), High Rhulain (2005), Eulalia! (2007), Doomwyte (2008), The Sable Quean (2010), and The Rogue Crew (2011), though the site recommends reading in publication order for optimal narrative flow. This non-linear approach allows each book to function as a standalone adventure while contributing to an overarching history measured in "seasons" rather than years, with the full saga potentially covering centuries through ill-defined temporal gaps. Structurally, the series employs recurring motifs such as prophecies to interconnect narratives, often invoking the spirit of —the legendary mouse founder of Redwall Abbey—as a guiding heroic whose legacy inspires protagonists across eras. For example, prophecies in books like High Rhulain foretell saviors echoing Martin's role in liberating oppressed woodlanders, reinforcing themes of destiny and resistance against tyranny. The novels loosely group into trilogies or clusters around key figures and locations, such as the foundational Martin arc encompassing , Mossflower, and Redwall, which together establish the abbey's origins and the warrior's enduring influence. Crossover artifacts, notably Martin's sword (known as the "Sword of Martin" or "Ratdeath"), appear recurrently as a symbol of heroism, passed down or rediscovered to aid abbey defenders in later tales like Redwall and . The timeline begins in ancient times with , depicting early badger lords and hares predating the abbey's construction, and progresses through foundational events in and Mossflower to the "modern" abbey-focused eras of Redwall and its direct sequels like . Later periods fill gaps with stories of distant threats, such as otter clans in or squirrel quests in Triss, extending the history without a fixed calendar—seasons serve as the primary temporal unit, with four consecutive seasons equating to one cycle akin to a year. Short stories and companion pieces, including those in The Ribbajack & Other Curious Yarns (2004), occasionally bridge these intervals, though the core novels maintain the expansive, episodic scope. Narratively, the books emphasize self-contained tales of abbey sieges and woodland skirmishes, evolving in later volumes to incorporate sea voyages and far-flung adventures, as seen in and , where protagonists sail the Great Western Sea to confront pirate foes. This shift broadens the scope from Redwall-centric defenses to global explorations within the anthropomorphic world. Fan communities have developed unofficial timelines to reconcile these elements, debating exact seasonal alignments due to the absence of a canonical calendar or precise dating system established by author .

Fictional World

Locations

The Redwall unfolds across a fictional reminiscent of medieval Britain, encompassing dense forests, rugged coastlines, expansive lakes, and mountainous strongholds that facilitate epic quests and defensive struggles. Central to this geography is Mossflower Country, a sprawling region that acts as the narrative hub, connected by winding rivers, ancient roads, and seasonal paths traversed by foot, cart, or boat. Environmental challenges abound, including treacherous to the south, stormy seas to the east and west, and roving encampments that heighten the perils of travel. Redwall Abbey stands as the preeminent location, a fortified red monastery nestled deep within Mossflower Woods, constructed following the liberation from wildcat tyranny in the events preceding the series' main timeline. Its architecture includes towering walls for protection, communal dormitories for residents, vast kitchens famed for elaborate feasts, an infirmary, and a cavernous adorned with historical tapestries, all embodying a of and resilience for peaceful woodland inhabitants. Over the series' chronology, the abbey expands with additions like orchards, ponds, and bell towers, reflecting the enduring growth of its community. Mossflower Woods envelops the abbey in a vast, ancient teeming with hidden trails, sparkling , and diverse that provide both and strategic cover during conflicts. Key sub-locations within include the dilapidated ruins of Kotir, a once-imposing stone castle that served as a tyrannical seat of power, and Brockhall, a legendary underground badger dwelling symbolizing resistance and alliance. The woods' intricate geography fosters quests across its expanse, where travelers navigate seasonal camps and natural barriers to evade dangers. Salamandastron rises as a vital western outpost, an extinct volcanic mountain on the coastal shore, forged from golden sandstone and honeycombed with extensive tunnels, armories, and feasting halls that form the unbreachable domain of badger lords and their hare warriors. Positioned to guard against maritime invasions, it maintains vital trade and patrol routes linking it to Mossflower via overland paths and sea voyages. Further north lies Riftgard, a foreboding fortress perched on the High North Coast, constructed from dark stone and overlooking icy waters, functioning as a that launches raids southward. Its remote, cliffside position underscores its role in northern threats, reachable only by arduous coastal treks or naval assaults. The Great Inland Lake dominates an eastern inland expanse, a broad freshwater body dotted with islands and fed by rivers, serving as a crossroads for exploratory voyages and hidden retreats amid its misty shores and reed-choked inlets.

Characters and Species

The Redwall series populates its medieval-inspired fantasy world exclusively with anthropomorphic animals, who exhibit human-like intelligence, speech, emotions, and use of tools and weapons, but no characters appear. These inhabitants are broadly classified into two opposing groups based on alignment: woodlanders, representing goodness and typically native to forested or abbey environments, and , embodying evil and often originating from wild or marauding hordes. This structures the societal dynamics, with woodlanders forming cooperative communities centered on defense and hospitality, while vermin organize in aggressive packs driven by conquest and tyranny. Woodlanders encompass peaceful species such as mice, otters, squirrels, , hedgehogs, hares, and moles, who embody virtues like courage, loyalty, and ingenuity in the face of adversity. Mice often serve as central protagonists, such as the novice warrior Matthias, who discovers his heroic destiny while protecting Redwall Abbey from invasion. hold a prominent role as Badger Lords, ruling the coastal stronghold of and leading elite hare patrols against seaborne threats, with figures like exemplifying their unyielding strength and sense of duty. Otters form tight-knit clans, such as the seafaring under characters like Razzid Wearat's foes, known for their swimming prowess and riverine lifestyles, while moles contribute unique dialects—marked by dropped consonants and earthy phrasing—and expertise in digging tunnels for defense or escape. Squirrels and hares add and , often as archers or scouts in ensemble defenses. Vermin, in contrast, include predatory species like rats, weasels, foxes, stoats, ferrets, snakes, wildcats, and wolverines, depicted as cunning and ruthless, frequently under leaders who amass armies for pillaging. Archetypal villains include tyrannical rat chieftains like Cluny the Scourge, whose horde besieges Redwall in the inaugural , or wildcat rulers such as Ungatt Trunn, who impose brutal regimes on conquered territories. These characters drive conflict through schemes involving sieges, betrayals, and dark magic-like elements, such as hypnotic adders, reinforcing their role as existential threats to woodlander societies. Foxes and weasels often appear as sly lieutenants or assassins, while serve as eerie, venomous allies to larger hordes. Abbey dwellers form a core among woodlanders, led by abbots or abbesses who provide moral guidance and orchestrate feasts and strategies, fostering a sense of home amid peril. Young protagonists, usually woodlanders embarking on quests, undergo profound development from novice to champion, learning swordsmanship, leadership, and the legacy of across journeys that span forests, seas, and mountains. Each installment features expansive ensemble casts exceeding 50 named individuals, blending warriors, scholars, cooks, and infants (termed Dibbuns) to depict communal resilience. While the classification upholds a clear good-evil divide, rare exceptions challenge the trope, exploring innate nature versus environmental influence; for instance, the ferret Veil, abandoned and raised as a woodlander in Outcast of Redwall, ultimately reveals his vermin predispositions through violent tendencies, and the rat pirate Blaggut in The Bellmaker redeems himself by aiding otter allies against a greater evil, becoming a gentle outcast from his kind. These cases underscore the series' emphasis on moral absolutism, with vermin reformations proving exceptional and often tied to personal epiphanies during defeat or alliance shifts. Brian Jacques drew the divide from traditional English perceptions of wildlife, where certain animals symbolize predation and others harmony, though he maintained no inherent "grey" characters in his intent.

Themes and Analysis

Literary Elements

Brian Jacques employs a distinctive writing style in the Redwall series, characterized by phonetic dialects that differentiate species, such as the moles' Somerset-inspired speech featuring contractions like "you'm" for "you are" and elongated vowels to evoke rural English accents. This linguistic variety adds authenticity and humor to character interactions, while vivid sensory descriptions immerse readers in the world, particularly during feasts and battles—elaborate meals like "tender garnished with cream and leaves, devilled pearls in puree" highlight abundance and comfort, contrasting the series' conflicts. drew from his experiences storytelling for visually impaired children, emphasizing tactile and auditory details to make scenes palpable. Each chapter opens with epigraphs in the form of original songs, poems, or riddles composed by , serving as or thematic anchors that enhance the medieval folklore atmosphere. These elements, such as riddles etched on statues or ballads recounting heroic deeds, reflect Jacques' passion for and integrate seamlessly into the , often advancing plots or revealing character insights. Central themes include heroism, portrayed through protagonists like who embody virtues of courage and justice; friendship, which fosters communal resilience amid adversity; and the cycle of seasons, symbolizing life's renewal and the interplay of birth, growth, and death as characters navigate seasonal prayers and natural rhythms. Religious undertones permeate the series without naming a , with functioning as a moral center—an promoting , , and ethical living, inspired by ' Catholic upbringing yet explicitly secular in intent. Recurring motifs underscore these themes: food represents reward and solace, with detailed recipes evoking communal joy and Jacques' own childhood deprivations; prophecies, often delivered through visions or ancient texts, propel quests and affirm destiny; and legacy, embodied by artifacts like the Tapestry of , which inspires defense of the abbey and symbolizes enduring honor and vulnerability. The narrative structure utilizes third-person omniscient perspective, allowing access to multiple characters' thoughts and motivations across interwoven storylines, blending high-stakes action with humor—through witty banter among hares or dibbuns' mischief—and in moments of loss or sacrifice. This approach creates a panoramic view of the anthropomorphic world, heightening tension during battles while humanizing diverse viewpoints. Over the series' evolution, early books like Mossflower and Redwall remain abbey-centric, focusing on internal defense and Martin's foundational legacy, while later installments expand to diverse cultures beyond Mossflower Woods, exploring searat corsairs, highland clans, and distant realms to broaden the scope of heroism and community. drew influences from British and authors like , evident in the epic quests, anthropomorphic archetypes, and moral binaries akin to , though grounded in a more intimate, scale.

Reception and Criticism

Upon its release in the United Kingdom in 1986 and the in 1987, the Redwall series garnered positive reception for its engaging and ability to captivate young readers, with reviewers praising its imaginative world-building and fast-paced featuring anthropomorphic animals. The debut novel, Redwall, was awarded the Libraries Children's Book of the Year in 1987 and received accolades such as the American Library Association's Best Book for Young Adults, highlighting its appeal in promoting literacy among children. By the early 1990s, the series had established itself as a , with subsequent volumes like Mossflower and lauded for their formulaic yet varied epic narratives of communal defense against evil forces, which reassured young audiences while sparking imagination. The series achieved significant commercial success, selling over 30 million copies worldwide by 2018, and maintained enduring popularity in schools and libraries for its themes of heroism and community, though some critics observed a perceived decline in quality in later installments due to repetitive plots and formulaic structures. Early reviews commended its role in engaging reluctant readers, but noted over-reliance on stereotypes, such as portraying villains (rats, weasels, and stoats) as inherently unintelligent and barbaric, which simplified moral conflicts and reduced narrative depth. This species-based morality—where "woodland" creatures like mice and badgers embody goodness and "vermin" species represent evil—has drawn criticism for promoting a reductive, potentially speciesist worldview akin to racial allegories, lacking nuance in character motivations or redemption arcs. Additional critiques include inconsistencies in the vegetarian ethos of Redwall Abbey, where characters occasionally consume fish or imply meat-eating, undermining the series' proclaimed pacifist and plant-based ideals. In modern analyses from the 2020s, the series faces scrutiny for perpetuating damaging epic fantasy tropes, including limited roles that confine female characters to supportive positions rather than heroic , such as denying Mariel the use of a legendary sword. Literary discussions also highlight a colonial undertone in its moral binaries and emphasis on lineage determining , which oversimplifies systemic issues and may alienate diverse readers seeking more inclusive representation. Despite these points, the books retain cultural impact through nostalgic rereads and inspired fan activities, including games and fiction communities, bolstered by the series' conclusion following Brian Jacques's death from a heart attack in 2011 at age 71.

Adaptations

The Redwall series has been translated into 29 languages worldwide, enabling broad international accessibility. Examples include the French edition titled Rougemuraille, published by Mango Jeunesse, and the Japanese version, where the first book Redwall appears as Sword of the Hero with unique cover artwork reflecting local artistic styles. These translations often feature variations in titles, cover designs, and occasional adaptations to cultural nuances, such as adjusted riddles or names, while preserving the core narrative. German editions, for instance, have been reissued in hardcover formats with artwork by Chris Dunn and translations by Claudia Kern since 2022. Illustrations play a key role in enhancing the print editions, with primary artists contributing distinct styles across the series. Early books, including Redwall, Mossflower, and , include colorful maps and chapter icons by Gary , known for his dynamic depictions of anthropomorphic characters and abbey architecture. Later volumes shifted to detailed black-and-white interior art by Allan Curless, who illustrated from through , emphasizing intricate line work for battles and feasts. In 2024, Russian illustrator Anton Lomaev extended this tradition with Фэнтези, an art book compiling his career works, including cover illustrations for Russian Redwall editions that blend folklore-inspired elements with the series' medieval fantasy aesthetic. Audiobooks bring the series' oral storytelling roots to life, with full productions narrated primarily by author for early releases like Redwall and , often featuring a full cast of performers to voice diverse characters. These are available in CD and digital formats, including on platforms like Audible, where they run 10-13 hours unabridged and highlight the rhythmic prose inspired by Jacques' background. Later audiobooks, such as a 2022 rerelease of Redwall, employ narrators like to maintain the immersive quality. Special editions expand accessibility for collectors and younger audiences. Collector's sets, such as boxed compilations of the full 22-book series, offer durable hardcovers with original artwork. The official graphic novel adaptation of Redwall (2007), illustrated by Bret Blevins, condenses the first book's plot into a visual format with dynamic paneling for battles and abbey life. Abridged audiobook versions, typically 2-3 hours long, target younger readers by streamlining plots while retaining key adventures. Post-2020 digital reprints, including e-book and streaming audio editions, have revitalized availability on platforms like Kindle and Audible, ensuring continued access amid renewed interest.

Visual and Interactive Media

The first major visual adaptation of the Redwall series was the animated television series produced by in collaboration with Alphanim and TV-Loonland, airing from 1999 to 2002. This three-season run consisted of 39 episodes that adapted the first three books—Redwall, , and —and was broadcast on in the United States, reaching young audiences with its anthropomorphic animal characters and medieval fantasy elements. The series received mixed critical reception, particularly regarding its fidelity to ' original narratives, with some praising the voice acting and animation style while others noted deviations in plot and character development. Beyond television, the series inspired a stage musical titled Redwall: The Legend of Redwall Abbey, composed and adapted by Evelyn Swensson as a two-act children's production based on the . Premiering in and published by Dramatic Publishing, the musical emphasized themes of and through songs and live performances, though it remained a niche theatrical endeavor without widespread revivals. No feature films were produced prior to the announcement, leaving the cinematic potential of the Redwall universe largely untapped until recent developments. In February 2021, Netflix acquired the rights to adapt the entire Redwall book series into an animated feature film—centered on the original Redwall novel—and a companion television series covering multiple installments, in partnership with Penguin Random House. With an initial screenplay written by Patrick McHale, the projects aimed to reimagine the anthropomorphic world for modern audiences, but as of November 2025, both remain in development limbo with no confirmed release dates or production updates beyond concept artwork revealed in June 2025. Despite rumors of potential cancellation amid Netflix's content shifts, the studio has not issued any official statement discontinuing the adaptations, maintaining cautious optimism among fans. The interactive media landscape for Redwall expanded significantly in the 2020s through official video games developed by Soma Games under the The Lost Legends of Redwall banner, marking the first licensed digital adaptations of the series. Early efforts were limited and unlicensed, such as sparse fan-made or peripheral titles, but recent releases include The Lost Legends of Redwall: The Scout, a narrative-driven adventure game initially launched in 2020 for PC and VR platforms like Somnium Space, where players navigate stealth and puzzle challenges as young mouse scouts fleeing searat invaders toward Redwall Abbey. An expanded anthology edition of The Scout, compiling three acts with enhanced gameplay, arrived in February 2024 for consoles and PC, alongside the cozy simulation Feasts & Friends, which focuses on village-building and seasonal events in Mossflower Woods. Mobile adaptations, including interactive fiction episodes like those exploring Martin the Warrior's lore through choice-based narratives, were also released between 2021 and 2024 via the Lost Legends app, offering accessible entry points to the series' world. Additional visual media includes and fan-created animations that extend the Redwall legacy. An official adaptation of ' non-Redwall story Jamie and the Vampires, based on his work from the collection Seven Strange and Ghostly Tales, completed production in August 2025 under Viv Loves , exploring themes of societal norms through a young protagonist's encounter with vampires. Fan animations, such as animatics of key book scenes like battles from and trailer-style edits of , circulate on platforms like , sustaining community interest amid delays in major projects. In , tie-in gaming buzz grew with announcements like NEARstudios' upcoming cozy village simulator inspired by Redwall's communal life at the abbey, developed by alumni from Bethesda and , though it remains in early funding stages without a release timeline.

Companion Publications

The companion publications for the Redwall series consist of official supplementary books that expand the universe through guides, recipes, and related tales, all authored or overseen by Brian Jacques to deepen fan engagement with the fictional world. A key set of these publications is the Redwall cookbooks, which adapt the elaborate feasts and dishes frequently described in the novels into real-world recipes. Three volumes were released: The Great Redwall Feast in 1996, A Redwall Winter's Tale in 2001, and The Redwall Cookbook in 2005, the latter featuring nearly 40 illustrated recipes including strawberry cordial and deeper'n'ever pie, directly inspired by the series' culinary traditions. Jacques personally contributed to these works, emphasizing their role in immersing readers in the sensory aspects of Redwall life, such as abbey banquets. Map and guide books further enrich the geography of the series. The Redwall Map & Riddler, published in 1997 by Hutchinson, includes a large fold-out color map depicting key locations like Redwall Abbey and Mossflower Woods up to the events of , accompanied by a booklet of riddles tied to the landmarks and terrains. This publication, illustrated by Chris Baker, serves as a visual traveler's guide for exploring the anthropomorphic world's . Other companion works include the Tribes of Redwall series, a set of illustrated guides to the animal species inhabiting the , beginning with Badgers in 2001 and followed by volumes on otters (2002) and mice (2003), all published by Philomel Books. Only three volumes were published, with planned books on hares and squirrels remaining unpublished. These books provide detailed profiles, histories, and cultural insights into the tribes, enhancing understanding of character dynamics without advancing the main narrative. Additionally, The Ribbajack and Other Curious Yarns (2004), a collection of six short horror and stories, echoes the style of Redwall but is set outside its . Following ' death in 2011, no new official companion publications have appeared, with activity limited to reprints of existing works and adaptations of the core novels.

Merchandise and Legacy Works

Official merchandise for the Redwall series, produced primarily in the 1990s and , encompassed a range of items tied to the books and the animated adaptation, including apparel such as commemorative t-shirts featuring series artwork and plush toys depicting key characters like Matthias the mouse. Model kits were also available, notably the "Build Your Own " paper model kit released in 1998 by Putnam Juvenile, which allowed fans to construct a detailed of the iconic while incorporating elements of the series' lore. Following ' death in 2011, his estate, operating as The Redwall Abbey Company, has actively managed the , signing an exclusive global representation deal with Viv Loves in July 2021 to handle , TV, and related rights. This arrangement supported the February 2021 rights acquisition by from Children's UK, enabling development of an animated and TV series based on the Redwall books. Fan-driven legacy works have included informal gatherings and conventions centered on the series, with annual Redwall-themed events occurring through the early , fostering community discussions and among enthusiasts. Recent extensions of the franchise include the The Lost Legends of Redwall: The Scout Anthology, developed by Soma Games and released on February 20, 2024, for PC, macOS, PlayStation, and , compiling three acts of adventure gameplay set in the Redwall universe with updated controls and new content. In 2025, a of Jacques' 1990s "Jamie and the Vampires" is anticipated for release, produced by collaborators including Double Coat Productions and represented by Viv Loves Film, expanding the author's non-Redwall works into visual media. The estate's oversight has ensured continued licensing, with a trailer teaser unveiled in June 2025 highlighting the story's themes of family and . The Redwall series has left a lasting cultural legacy, particularly influencing the through its anthropomorphic animal protagonists and epic narratives, which resonated with creators and readers exploring themes of identity and adventure in animal-centric fantasy. ' works contributed to the broader genre of animal fantasy by popularizing detailed, medieval-inspired worlds inhabited by sentient creatures, inspiring subsequent literature and media. In , ' hometown, his legacy is honored through exhibits such as the 2007 portrait display at the Liverpool, part of a campaign celebrating influential local authors.

References

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