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Refat Chubarov
Refat Chubarov
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Refat Abdurahman oglu Chubarov[a] (born 22 September 1957) is a Crimean politician and public figure, leader of the Crimean Tatar national movement in Ukraine and worldwide.

Key Information

Biography

[edit]

Chubarov was born on 22 September 1957 in Samarkand, Uzbek SSR in the family of Crimean Tatar Abduraman Seitasan oglu Chubarov (1931–2014), who was deported in 1944 by the Soviet authorities from his native village of Ay Serez (today Mizhrichchia, Sudak Municipality).[4][5] In 1968, the Chubarov family was allowed to return, but not to the southern coast of Crimea, so the family settled in Pryvilne (Krasnoperekopsk Raion).[4][5]

In 1983 Chubarov graduated from the Moscow State Historic-Archive Institute. After graduation and until September 1990 he worked at the Central State Archives of the October Revolution and the Socialist Construction of Latvian SSR in Riga. From 1989 to 1991, Chubarov was a regional representative at the Riga city council, as a member of the Popular Front of Latvia faction, which favoured Latvian independence from the Soviet Union.[2]

Since November 2013, he has served as the chairman of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People. He served as Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Council of Crimea from 1995 to 1998 and as People's Deputy of Ukraine from 1998 to 2007. He has also served as the President of the Worldwide Congress of Crimean Tatars since 2009.[6] In 2014, he called the Crimean status referendum "a circus" and also said that it was "a tragedy, an illegitimate government with armed forces from another country".[7] In the aftermath of the referendum Russia annexed Crimea on 18 March 2014.[8]

In June 2014, Chubarov vowed to boycott the September 2014 Crimean parliamentary election.[9]

From 15 May 2015, Chubarov was a member of the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament) as a member of the Petro Poroshenko Bloc.[2] He was placed #71 on this party's election list during the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election.[2]

In November 2015, Russia unsuccessfully tried to place Chubarov on the Interpol search list, after a Ukrainian query not to admit this request.[10] Russia accused Chubarov of calling for secession of Crimea from Russia.[10]

The Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People was labeled an "extremist organisation" and subsequently banned by Crimea's supreme court on 26 April 2016.[11]

Chubarov again took part in the July 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election, this time for the party Strength and Honor.[3] The party won 3.82% of the vote, not enough to meet the 5% election threshold and thus got no parliamentary seats.[12]

Notes

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References

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Refat Chubarov

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Refat Abdurahman oglu Chubarov (born 22 September 1957) is a and the chairman of the Mejlis of the People, the executive body representing the indigenous community. Born in , , to parents deported during the 1944 Soviet mass expulsion of , Chubarov trained as a historian-archivist in before returning to in the late amid the resurgence of Tatar national . Elected chairman of the Mejlis on 1 November 2013, he has led the organization in exile from following Russia's 2014 of , which prompted the Mejlis's ban by Russian authorities in 2016 on charges of extremism. Chubarov also serves as president of the World Congress of and has focused on international advocacy against reported repressions targeting under Russian control, including arbitrary arrests and cultural suppression. His efforts emphasize the indivisibility of from and the need for de-occupation to restore , amid ongoing conflicts involving searches, detentions, and policies.

Early Life and Education

Birth and Family Background

Refat Chubarov was born on September 22, 1957, in , (then part of the ), to a family of who had been forcibly deported from their ancestral homeland in by Soviet authorities in 1944. The mass deportation targeted the entire Crimean Tatar population, accused without evidence of collaboration with , resulting in the exile of over 180,000 people to under harsh conditions that caused significant mortality. Chubarov's father, Abdurahman Chubarov, was 13 years old at the time of the deportation, enduring the forced relocation with his own family before later starting his own in exile. The family adhered to Sunni Islam, as was typical among Crimean Tatars, and grew up in the diaspora environment shaped by Soviet repression and denial of their ethnic identity. Limited public details exist on other immediate family members, reflecting the broader challenges faced by deported communities in preserving personal histories amid systemic erasure.

Academic and Early Influences

Refat Chubarov was born on September 22, 1957, in , , to a family affected by the Soviet of the in 1944. His father, Abduraman Seitasan oglu Chubarov, had been forcibly removed from Ay Serez (present-day Mizhrichia in Municipality, ) as part of the mass exile that targeted nearly 190,000 , with significant mortality during transit and exile. This backdrop of familial displacement and Soviet-era repression formed a foundational context for Chubarov's later historical and activist pursuits. Chubarov received his higher education in the , earning a in and archival studies from the Moscow State Historic-Archives Institute in 1983. The institute, focused on training specialists in historical documentation, preservation, and analysis of state archives, provided Chubarov with expertise in examining official records of governmental actions and policies. Post-graduation, Chubarov applied his academic training professionally, serving as an and senior archivist from 1983 to 1984, followed by his appointment as director of the Central State Archive of the Latvian SSR in from 1984 to 1991. Concurrently, from 1989 to 1991, he acted as a regional representative in the for the faction, a pro-independence movement active during the late Soviet period's political liberalization. These roles immersed him in the handling of Soviet historical materials and emerging nationalist dynamics in the , aligning with the broader resurgence of ethnic self-assertion across the USSR.

Early Activism and Career

Soviet-Era Dissidence

Refat Chubarov participated in the Crimean Tatar national movement during the final years of the , serving as one of its key figures from 1990 to 1991. This period marked intensified activism among seeking to following their forced by Soviet authorities in , during which nearly 200,000 were exiled to , with significant loss of life—estimates range from 20% to 46% mortality in the initial years due to harsh conditions. Chubarov's efforts aligned with broader initiatives, including the formation of the Organization of the Crimean Tatar National Movement in April 1989, which coordinated protests, petitions, and advocacy for legal restoration of ethnic rights amid perestroika-era reforms. Concurrently, from 1989 to 1991, Chubarov represented the faction in the , contributing to activities that challenged Soviet control in the Baltic republics and supported movements. As director of the Central State Archive in from 1984 to 1991, his position provided a platform for engaging with archival records relevant to Soviet repressions, including those affecting deported peoples like the . These roles positioned him within the wave of ethnic and nationalist dissent that eroded Soviet authority, though unlike figures such as , Chubarov faced no documented imprisonment. Chubarov's activism emphasized factual documentation of historical injustices, drawing from his background in archival work and education at the Moscow State Historic-Archive Institute. This focus on evidence-based advocacy for Crimean Tatar rehabilitation reflected a pragmatic response to Gorbachev's policies of and , which enabled public discourse on Stalin-era crimes but often yielded limited concessions, such as partial allowances starting in 1987 that still restricted settlement in proper.

Post-Soviet Organizational Roles

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Refat Chubarov assumed leadership of the Organization of the Crimean Tatar National Movement (OKND), serving as its head from 1991 to 1993; this group coordinated efforts for the repatriation of Crimean Tatars to Crimea and advocated for their national revival amid ongoing return challenges. In parallel, Chubarov played a foundational role in establishing the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People, elected as its First Deputy Chairman on July 6, 1991, during the body's inaugural meeting following the First Kurultai (congress) of the Crimean Tatar people. Under Chairman Mustafa Dzhemilev, Chubarov held this deputy position continuously until October 2013, focusing on internal coordination, representation in negotiations with Ukrainian authorities, and mobilization against demographic displacement by ethnic Russian settlers in Crimea. During the 1990s, Chubarov's organizational work emphasized institutionalizing Crimean Tatar outside formal state structures, including participation in repatriation committees that drafted proposals for restoring deported populations' , though implementation lagged due to limited land allocations and housing shortages affecting over 250,000 returnees by 1994. The Mejlis, as the executive representative body, prioritized curbing illegal land seizures and promoting cultural preservation, with Chubarov contributing to its strategy of balancing cooperation with against separatist tendencies in . By the early , his deputy role extended to international advocacy, laying groundwork for later affiliations such as the presidency of the Worldwide Congress of Crimean Tatars, assumed in 2009 to unify diaspora efforts. These positions solidified Chubarov's influence in non-state Crimean Tatar structures amid Ukraine's post-independence instability.

Leadership in the Crimean Tatar National Movement

Involvement with the Mejlis

Refat Chubarov became involved with the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People shortly after its establishment on April 26, 1991, as the executive body elected by the Crimean Tatar to represent the community's interests in matters of , land rights, and political autonomy. As head of the Organization of the Crimean Tatar National Movement from 1991 to 1993, Chubarov played a key role in organizing the inaugural sessions that formalized the Mejlis structure. From 1991 to 2013, Chubarov served continuously as Deputy Chairman of the Mejlis under Chairman , contributing to its campaigns for allocating compact settlements to returning Crimean Tatar deportees and securing reserved parliamentary seats in Crimea's legislature. In this position, he led the pro-Mejlis electoral bloc Milliy Haq in Crimean parliamentary elections, which achieved the largest vote share among Tatar parties in the mid-1990s, advancing representation goals despite limited seats. Chubarov's deputy role also extended to international advocacy, including his election as President of the Congress of in 2009, through which the Mejlis coordinated global efforts to highlight Soviet-era injustices and press for restitution. Domestically, he focused on non-violent , emphasizing legal and diplomatic channels over confrontation, as evidenced by the Mejlis's participation in Ukraine's negotiations for Tatar minority protections in the early 2000s.

Ascension to Chairmanship

Refat Chubarov, who had served as first deputy chairman of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People since the early , ascended to the chairmanship following the decision of longtime leader to step down after over two decades in the role. Dzhemilev, a prominent and the Mejlis's founding chairman elected in 1991, announced his intention to retire to allow for generational transition within the organization, which represents the Crimean Tatar community's political and cultural interests. The election occurred during a session of the Qurultay, the supreme representative body of the Crimean Tatars comprising around 250 delegates, on October 27-28, 2013, in , . Chubarov was nominated alongside other candidates, and the vote proceeded via among the participating delegates. Out of 242 valid participants, Chubarov received 126 votes, securing a and the position without needing a runoff. Chubarov's prior roles, including his leadership of the Worldwide of Crimean Tatars since 2009, positioned him as a continuity figure for the Mejlis's advocacy on issues like Crimean Tatar , land rights, and within . His election was endorsed by Dzhemilev and viewed by supporters as maintaining the organization's firm stance against assimilation pressures and for democratic representation. The transition formalized Chubarov's leadership just months before Russia's of in March 2014, amid rising tensions in the region.

Response to the 2014 Annexation of Crimea

Opposition to Russian Actions

Following the appearance of unmarked Russian military forces in Crimea in late February 2014, Chubarov, as chairman of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People, mobilized opposition through public rallies and calls for resistance to separatism. On February 23, 2014, thousands of Crimean Tatars gathered in Simferopol under Mejlis auspices, demanding the dissolution of the local parliament and constitutional reforms to safeguard indigenous rights amid escalating tensions. Three days later, on February 26, over 10,000 protesters assembled outside the Crimean parliament in Simferopol, organized by the Mejlis and led by Chubarov, to block pro-Russian initiatives; the event turned violent with clashes against counter-demonstrators, resulting in two deaths, but succeeded in postponing the parliamentary session. As Russian forces consolidated control, Chubarov denounced the planned March 16 on Crimea's status as illegitimate and coercive, likening participation to choices "while staring down the ." The Mejlis, under his leadership, issued a call, aligning with the Crimean Tatar community's overwhelming rejection of from ; subsequent protests on drew up to 15,000 participants waving Ukrainian and Tatar flags to demand peace and Ukrainian . After Russia's formal declaration on , Chubarov affirmed Crimea's integral status within and the indigenous homeland of Crimean Tatars, rejecting any legitimacy to the occupation. Chubarov's opposition extended to international advocacy, criticizing Western allies for advising restraint to avoid provoking Russia during the crisis, which he viewed as disregarding Ukrainian losses in early clashes. The Mejlis continued non-recognition of Russian authority, boycotting subsequent pseudo-elections and framing Crimea as a zone of repression against , with fabricated charges and forced exiles targeting leaders. This stance persisted, as evidenced by 2025 declarations categorically opposing any peace accords conceding to , grounded in and Ukrainian statutes. Following Russia's annexation of Crimea in March 2014, Refat Chubarov attempted to enter the peninsula from mainland on , 2014, at the Chongar checkpoint, but was stopped by border guards and handed a by the of , Natalya Poklonskaya, imposing a five-year ban on his entry to and Russian territory. The ban cited Chubarov's activities and those of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People as violating Russian federal law on combating extremist activity, specifically for opposing the annexation and refusing to recognize Russian over . This measure followed a similar entry ban imposed on his predecessor, , earlier in 2014, effectively exiling key Crimean Tatar leaders who rejected the annexation. Chubarov, a Ukrainian citizen, relocated to and has resided in mainland since, unable to return to his homeland. The restrictions intensified with the April 26, 2016, ruling by the of the Republic of Crimea—operating under Russian administration—which declared the Mejlis an "extremist" organization and banned its activities throughout , including . The court justified the ban by alleging the Mejlis incited , , and violations of 's , drawing on statements by Chubarov and others calling for non-recognition of the and actions against . Chubarov, leading the body from , condemned the decision as an assault on Crimean Tatar , while international groups described it as a politically motivated effort to dismantle organized opposition to Russian control. The ban rendered Mejlis operations illegal in , forcing its functions to continue covertly or from abroad, with participation risking prosecution under Russian anti-extremism laws. Subsequent legal actions have perpetuated Chubarov's . On March 24, 2020, Russia's Investigative Committee initiated criminal proceedings against him under Article 280.1 of the Russian Criminal Code for "public calls to carry out activities directed at violating the of the Russian Federation," based on his for Crimean Tatar rights and non-recognition of the . This culminated in a June 1, 2021, in-absentia conviction by a Russian-controlled court in , sentencing him to six years in a for organizing or inciting actions aimed at undermining Russia's . The U.S. State Department and other observers have characterized such rulings as tools to suppress dissent, noting their application disproportionately to Crimean Tatar activists opposing Russian rule. Chubarov's entry ban has been extended beyond the initial period, maintaining his as of 2023.

Political Positions and Advocacy

Stance on Crimean Tatar Rights and Autonomy

Refat Chubarov has consistently advocated for the recognition of Crimean Tatars as Ukraine's indigenous people, emphasizing their historical rights to the Crimean Peninsula as their homeland and an inalienable part of Ukrainian territory. As chairman of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People, he has supported legislative measures, such as Ukraine's 2014 Law on the Indigenous Peoples of Ukraine and subsequent bills, to enshrine these rights, including protections against discrimination and mechanisms for cultural preservation. This stance aligns with the Mejlis's broader platform to rectify the Soviet-era deportation of Crimean Tatars in 1944, which displaced nearly 200,000 people and resulted in an estimated 46% mortality rate during exile, by restoring national-territorial autonomy within Ukraine's borders. Prior to Russia's annexation of , Chubarov articulated demands for enhanced , including self-governance structures for , while rejecting participation in the March 16 on 's status, which the Mejlis deemed illegitimate due to its exclusion of indigenous representation. He argued that territorial was essential for addressing historical injustices but must operate under Ukrainian , not Russian influence, as evidenced by his statements at the Crimean Tatar Qurultai congress. Post-annexation, Chubarov's position evolved to prioritize de-occupation and the unconditional return of to , rejecting any international agreements that concede territory or bypass consultation with . Chubarov maintains that Russian administration in Crimea systematically violates Crimean Tatar rights through repression, , and denial of , contrasting this with a vision of autonomy that guarantees linguistic, educational, and religious freedoms under Ukrainian law. He has called for international mechanisms to affirm ' self-determination rights without implying secession, insisting that any future Crimean governance must explicitly protect indigenous status and reject dominance. This framework underscores his opposition to bilateral Ukraine-Russia deals on Crimea, positioning the Mejlis as a veto holder on resolutions affecting Tatar interests.

Views on Ukraine-Russia Conflict and Crimea's Status

Chubarov asserts that constitutes an integral part of and that its 2014 annexation by constitutes an illegal occupation, rejecting any de facto or de jure recognition of Russian sovereignty over the . He has emphasized that the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People aligns with and Ukrainian legislation in maintaining this position, describing as the homeland of the indigenous Crimean Tatar people. On the determination of Crimea's future status, Chubarov holds that only and the Crimean Tatar people possess legitimate to decide it, opposing external impositions or compromises that would cede control to . In April 2025, he denounced proposals, including those attributed to U.S. figures, that would recognize Russian control, labeling them as illegitimate and harmful to Ukrainian territorial integrity. In the context of the Ukraine-Russia conflict, Chubarov views the de-occupation and liberation of as essential preconditions for any resolution, insisting that Ukraine's cannot be compromised under any circumstances. He characterizes Russian-occupied as a territory marked by fear, desperation, and systematic repressions, particularly targeting through violations of and bans on their leadership. In June 2025, he urged Russians residing in to evacuate voluntarily, citing the risks posed by ongoing military dynamics and the inevitability of Ukrainian reclamation efforts. Chubarov has also criticized past Western pressures on Ukraine to avoid "provoking" during the 2014 , arguing that such disregarded Ukrainian resistance and enabled the occupation.

Controversies and Criticisms

Russian Government's Accusations of Extremism

In April 2016, a court in Russian-occupied designated the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People, chaired by Refat Chubarov, as an extremist organization under Russian federal law, citing alleged calls for mass unrest and violations of anti-extremism statutes following the 2014 annexation. The Russian Supreme Court upheld the ban in September 2016, prohibiting all Mejlis activities on Russian territory and adding it to the federal list of extremist groups, which authorities justified as preventing ethnic and against Russian sovereignty over . Chubarov received a formal warning from Russian border officials on May 4, 2014, after attempting to enter , accusing him of organizing unauthorized rallies on May 3, 2014, that purportedly promoted by blocking roads and disrupting public order in opposition to the . On July 4, 2014, Russian authorities barred him from for five years, extending the restriction in 2019, on grounds that his leadership in the Mejlis involved fostering hatred toward and . In October 2015, Russia's Interior Ministry issued an for Chubarov, charging him under Article 280.1 of the Russian Criminal Code for publicly justifying and , linked to his statements rejecting Crimea's status under Russian control. A court sentenced him in absentia on June 1, 2021, to six years in a for organizing extremist activities through the Mejlis, including alleged coordination of protests deemed threats to Russia's post-. Russian prosecutors have maintained these accusations frame Chubarov's advocacy as support for , though international observers, including groups, have contested the evidence as politically motivated suppression of non-recognition of the annexation.

Debates Within Tatar Community and International Critiques

Within the Crimean Tatar community, debates have emerged primarily along lines of resistance to Russian occupation versus accommodation under it, with Chubarov and the exiled Mejlis representing the former. A minority of Tatars remaining in Crimea have aligned with Russian authorities, participating in occupation-sanctioned bodies such as the so-called "Crimean Tatar " formed in , which denounces the Mejlis as an "" entity promoting division and obstructing "integration." These collaborators, often appointed to advisory roles by Russian officials, argue that Chubarov's non-recognition stance exacerbates repression and hinders pragmatic dialogue, portraying the Mejlis as overly politicized and detached from on-the-ground realities. However, such views are widely dismissed by the broader and resistance activists as coerced or opportunistic, reflecting Russian divide-and-rule tactics akin to Soviet-era strategies, with empirical data showing over 100 Tatar political prisoners and forced exiles since underscoring the risks of opposition. Chubarov's alignment with Ukrainian state institutions has drawn limited internal critique from some Tatars, who perceive the exiled leadership as perpetuating a narrative of perpetual victimhood and at the expense of community reconciliation or economic pragmatism in occupied territories. These sentiments, voiced sporadically in occupation-influenced forums, contend that exclusive focus on de-occupation ignores the estimated 200,000-300,000 still residing in facing daily pressures, potentially isolating them further. Yet, surveys and statements from Mejlis congresses indicate majority support for Chubarov's position, with gatherings in 2016 and 2021 reaffirming non-collaboration as essential to preserving indigenous identity against policies documented by UN reports, including school closures and language bans affecting over 20 Tatar institutions by 2020. International critiques of Chubarov remain marginal and largely emanate from pro-Russian outlets or figures advocating normalization with , accusing him of inflaming tensions through calls in 2015-2016 that disrupted energy supplies to , thereby harming civilians. For instance, some analysts in Eurasianist circles have labeled his advocacy as "revanchist," arguing it prioritizes geopolitical alignment with and over Tatar welfare, though these claims lack substantiation from independent monitoring and are contradicted by evidence of intensified repressions post-blockade, such as the 2016 Mejlis ban. Mainstream Western and bodies, including and the , have instead condemned Russian targeting of Chubarov—such as his 2021 in absentia six-year sentence for ""—as politically motivated suppression, with no peer-reviewed or empirical basis for counter-narratives portraying him as divisive beyond occupation propaganda. This disparity highlights credibility gaps, as Russian-aligned sources systematically underreport verified abuses like the 1944 deportation's legacy and post-2014 displacements affecting 50,000+ Tatars.

Recent Activities and Developments

Post-2022 War Involvement

Following Russia's full-scale invasion of on February 24, 2022, Refat Chubarov, as chairman of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People, intensified advocacy for Crimea's de-occupation and the of , emphasizing that the peninsula's status must be resolved solely by and the Crimean Tatar community. He rejected international peace proposals suggesting recognition of Russian control over , such as those discussed in U.S. policy circles in April 2025, declaring that "no one under any circumstances has the right to decide 's fate except the and the Crimean Tatar people." Chubarov has publicly warned of escalating Russian repression in Crimea as a tool of aggression, noting in October 2025 that Moscow's intensified measures against signal preparations for broader confrontation. In 2025, he urged Russian citizens illegally residing in to leave immediately, stating they "might not make it in time" amid ongoing conflict dynamics. He has also highlighted the humanitarian toll, advocating in October 2025 for mental rehabilitation and official recognition for children of Crimean political prisoners detained by Russian authorities. At international forums, including a July 2025 side event at the OSCE's , Chubarov underscored Russia's systematic policy of ethnic suppression in occupied , linking it to broader violations of and calling for sustained global pressure. In a February 2025 forum marking 11 years since the , he pressed Ukrainian and international leaders to affirm as the ancestral homeland of the . Chubarov maintained that must reject any territorial concessions for peace, as articulated in a November 2024 Mejlis statement opposing deals without 's liberation, and reiterated in a September 2025 that " will never surrender ."

Ongoing International Efforts

Chubarov, as chairman of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People, has spearheaded advocacy at the to amplify Crimean Tatar amid Russian occupation. In May 2025, the Mejlis secured representative status at the UN Forum for , enabling direct participation in sessions and resolutions on indigenous issues, including protections against in . This status builds on prior UN addresses by Chubarov, such as annual interventions documenting detentions and cultural suppression of since 2014. Through Ukraine's Crimean Platform, Chubarov coordinates diplomatic outreach to secure commitments for Crimea's de-occupation and accountability for Russian violations. On September 9, 2025, he briefed diplomats and international organization representatives at the platform's Kyiv office, emphasizing evidence of ongoing Tatar persecutions, including over 200 political prisoners held as of 2024. The platform has facilitated summits yielding pledges from over 60 countries, with Chubarov advocating expansion to neutral states in the Muslim world for broader sanctions enforcement. Chubarov urges international recognition of as the ' ancestral territory under Ukrainian sovereignty, rejecting Russian narratives of voluntary integration. At a February 26, 2025, forum marking 11 years since the occupation's onset, he called on Ukraine's president and global leaders to affirm this in frameworks for postwar reconstruction. He has also pressed for targeted , such as mental rehabilitation programs for children of detained Tatar activists, highlighting over 100 such families affected as of October 24, 2025. European engagements include testimonies at the , where Chubarov contributed to Ukraine's genocide convention case against Russia in January 2024, citing systematic Tatar targeting as evidence of intent. These efforts align with and statements condemning Russia's 2022 escalation, which intensified Tatar arrests, with at least 23 detained in August 2023 alone for protest-related charges. Chubarov maintains that Crimea's liberation remains prerequisite for European security, as articulated in October 2023 analyses.

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  46. https://carnegieendowment.org/posts/2014/04/will-the-crimean-tatars-become-russias-headache?lang=en
  47. https://zmina.info/en/news-en/crimeas-future-can-only-be-determined-by-indigenous-crimea-tatar-people-and-ukraine-refat-chubarov/
  48. https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-society/3994839-refat-chubarov-president-the-mejlis-of-the-crimean-tatar-people.html
  49. https://qtmm.org/en/the-task-of-the-occupiers-is-to-destroy-the-identity-of-the-indigenous-crimean-tatar-people-chubarov-on-the-crimean-platform/
  50. https://tvpworld.com/86307693/tatars-vow-to-oppose-any-recognition-of-crimea-as-part-of-russia
  51. https://euromaidanpress.com/2025/04/22/no-one-has-right-to-decide-crimeas-fate-crimean-tatar-leader-denounces-us-peace-proposal-that-would-recognize-russian-control-of-peninsula/
  52. https://uk.mfa.gov.ua/en/news/46015-refat-chubarov-today-crimea-is-a-territory-of-fear-desperation-and-repressions-against-crimean-tatars
  53. https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2025/06/03/7515445/
  54. https://eurasianet.org/russian-court-bans-crimean-tatar-executive-council-extremist
  55. https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/eur500352014en.pdf
  56. https://khpg.org/en/1446036574
  57. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/russia-declares-war-on-crimean-tatars/
  58. https://www.rferl.org/a/crimea-tatars-dzhemilev/25418714.html
  59. https://www.facebook.com/MFAUkraineENG/posts/the-ministry-of-foreign-affairs-of-ukraine-strongly-condemns-the-latest-wave-of-/122146357448832075/
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  61. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/what-the-banning-of-crimean-tatars-mejlis-means/
  62. https://www.ukrinform.net/amp/rubric-polytics/4050852-russians-prepare-to-escalate-foreign-policy-by-intensifying-repression-in-crimea-chubarov.html
  63. https://zmina.ua/en/event-en/ukrainian-human-rights-defenders-held-a-side-event-at-helsinki-50-conference-how-11-years-of-occupation-of-crimea-challenge-the-principles-of-the-osce/
  64. https://www.facebook.com/crimeaplatform/posts/-on-february-26-2025-the-forum-11-years-of-warstarting-point-crimea-was-held-at-/953819543553484/
  65. https://ppu.gov.ua/en/press-center/u-ofisi-krymskoi-platformy-vidbuvsia-bryfinh-dlia-dyplomativ-ta-predstavnykiv-mizhnarodnykh-orhanizatsiy/
  66. https://understandingwar.org/research/russia-ukraine/russian-occupation-update-april-10-2025/
  67. https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3994308-ukraine-secures-broad-international-support-through-crimea-platform-chubarov.html
  68. https://www.icj-cij.org/node/203473
  69. https://freedomhouse.org/country/crimea/freedom-world/2024
  70. https://zmina.info/en/columns-en/liberation-of-crimea-essential-for-lasting-peace-in-ukraine-and-europe/
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