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Reine
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Reine[3] is the administrative centre of Moskenes Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The fishing village is located on the island of Moskenesøya in the Lofoten archipelago, above the Arctic Circle, about 300 kilometres (190 mi) southwest of the city of Tromsø. Reine Church is located in the village.
Key Information
The 0.28-square-kilometre (69-acre) village has a population (2023) of 297 and a population density of 1,061 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,750/sq mi).[1]
Overview
[edit]Reine has been a trading post since 1743. It was also a centre for the local fishing industry with a fleet of boats and facilities for fish processing and marketing. There was also a little light industry. In December 1941, the Germans burnt part of Reine in reprisal for a raid on the Lofoten Islands by British troops. Today, tourism is important, and despite its remote location, many thousands of people visit annually. The village is situated on a promontory just off the European route E10 highway, which passes through the village. Reine is located immediately to the south of Sakrisoya and Hamnøya.[4]
Allers, the largest weekly magazine in Norway, selected Reine as the most beautiful village in Norway in the late 1970s. A photograph over Reine from the mountain Reinebringen (altitude 448 metres (1,470 ft)) has been used for the front page of several tourist brochures and books. In 1999, the painter Ingo Kühl set up a temporary studio in a rorbu and painted the view over the harbor to the mountain range.
In January 2015, Reine was the site from which Coca-Cola launched Coca-Cola life in Norway, referred to by the company as "our smallest launch yet". More than half the town's residents (around 200 out of 307) attended this open-air event despite being mid-winter.[5]
In 2016–2019, a stone staircase was built up to Reinebringen, which made the mountain (previously considered steep, muddy, and difficult to climb) easily accessible.[6]
Gallery
[edit]-
Reine in 2005 -
Reine seen from Reinebringen -
Reine at night (midnight sun) -
The fishing fleet at Reine, Gunnar Berg (1863–93) -
Moskstraumen I, Ingo Kühl (* 1953) -
View of Reine -
Reine village shore with the fish drying racks -
Reine with rainbow -
Fishermen's boathouse -
Reine and surroundings seen from the south
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Statistisk sentralbyrå (2023-12-23). "Urban settlements. Population and area, by municipality".
- ^ "Reine, Moskenes (Nordland)". yr.no. Archived from the original on 2018-12-01. Retrieved 2018-12-09.
- ^ "Informasjon om stadnamn". Norgeskart (in Norwegian). Kartverket. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
- ^ Store norske leksikon. "Reine" (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2012-06-13.
- ^ "Our smallest launch yet". Coca-Cola life.
- ^ "Reinebringen Hiking Guide". 68North.com. 29 May 2012.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Reine at Wikimedia Commons- Reine, Moskenes (Nordland) Archived 2017-02-11 at the Wayback Machine Weather Forecast
- Lofotposten
Reine
View on Grokipediafrom Grokipedia
Geography and Climate
Location and Topography
Reine is situated at coordinates 67°55′57″N 13°05′19″E, serving as the administrative center of Moskenes Municipality in Nordland county, Norway, and is located on the island of Moskenesøya within the Lofoten archipelago.[9][10] The village occupies a compact land area of 0.28 km² with an average elevation of 10 m above sea level, positioning it as a low-lying coastal settlement.[11] Nestled between the deep waters of the Reinefjorden to the east and steep granite peaks that rise dramatically to approximately 500 m, Reine exemplifies the rugged coastal topography of the Lofoten islands.[12] These peaks, including notable formations like Reinebringen at 448 m, frame the village and contribute to its isolated, fjord-indented landscape.[12] The area is connected by bridges to nearby islands such as Sakrisøya and Hamnøya, enhancing its integration into the broader archipelago's island-chain geography.[4] Iconic red rorbu cabins, traditional fishermen's quarters built on stilts over the water, punctuate the shoreline, while the village's position above the Arctic Circle at 66°33′N underscores its subarctic northern setting.[13] Geologically, Reine forms part of the Lofoten archipelago's ancient Precambrian basement rocks, dating back up to two billion years and primarily composed of resistant gneiss and granite of igneous origin that have undergone metamorphic transformation.[15] The current topography, characterized by sharp peaks, U-shaped valleys, and narrow fjords, has been profoundly shaped by repeated glacial activity during the Pleistocene ice ages, which eroded the hard bedrock into the dramatic relief seen today.[16][17] These geological processes have created a landscape of steep, glacier-sculpted mountains that rise directly from the sea, defining Reine's unique environmental profile.[18]Climate and Environment
Reine, located in the Lofoten archipelago, experiences a subpolar oceanic climate classified as Cfc under the Köppen system, characterized by mild winters influenced by the warming effects of the Gulf Stream.[19] The annual average temperature hovers around 5–7°C (41–45°F), with January lows typically reaching about -1°C (30°F) and July highs averaging 12–13°C (54–55°F). As of 2025, regional warming trends have increased average temperatures by approximately 1–2°C over the past century compared to historical baselines.[20] Precipitation totals 1,000–1,200 mm annually, predominantly in the form of rain due to the region's maritime exposure, and frequent storms originating from the Norwegian Sea contribute to windy conditions throughout the year. Seasonal variations in Reine are pronounced due to its high latitude above the Arctic Circle. The midnight sun illuminates the skies continuously from approximately May 28 to July 14, providing nearly 24 hours of daylight and fostering unique ecological rhythms.[21] Conversely, the polar night envelops the area from approximately December 8 to January 5, with total darkness enhancing visibility of the northern lights, particularly during the solar maximum period peaking between 2024 and 2026 when solar activity intensifies auroral displays.[22] The environment of Reine supports rich biodiversity, particularly in its surrounding fjords and coastal waters, where Atlantic cod thrive alongside diverse marine life. Seabird populations, including Atlantic puffins, nest in large colonies on nearby islands like Røst, contributing to the region's ecological vibrancy. Conservation efforts focus on protecting the fragile tundra ecosystems, which are vulnerable to erosion and invasive species, through initiatives by Norwegian environmental agencies to preserve habitats amid increasing human pressures. Climate change poses significant threats, including rising sea levels that endanger traditional rorbu fishermen's cabins built close to the shore, potentially leading to structural instability and coastal inundation; projections indicate up to 0.5–1 m rise by 2100 in the region.[23][24]History
Early Development as a Fishing Village
Reine has been an important fishing village since at least the 16th century, with the area used for cod fishing and stockfish production.[4] It was established as a trading post in 1743, during the period when Norway was part of the Denmark-Norway union, with an initial emphasis on cod fishing and the production of stockfish, a dried cod product central to the region's export economy.[8] This foundation capitalized on the village's sheltered location along the Reinefjorden, which provided natural advantages for harboring fishing vessels and drying fish in the brisk Arctic winds.[25] The post quickly developed its own fleet of boats and rudimentary fish processing facilities, enabling local merchants to handle the seasonal influx of cod and facilitate trade with European markets.[8] By the 19th century, Reine experienced significant expansion driven by the booming Lofoten fishery, which peaked from January to April each year as Arctic cod migrated to spawn along the coast.[26] Population growth was fueled by the arrival of thousands of migrant fishermen from mainland Norway, who required temporary housing; this led to the construction of rorbu cabins—traditional wooden fishermen's lodges built on stilts over the water—to accommodate the seasonal workforce.[27] These structures not only supported the influx of up to 30,000 fishermen across Lofoten but also solidified Reine's role as a vital hub in the archipelago's fishing economy.[5] Economically, Reine integrated into broader Hanseatic trade networks, where German merchants from the Hanseatic League exchanged grain, cloth, and tools for Norwegian stockfish, a commodity that had been exported since the Viking Age and remained a cornerstone of Nordic commerce.[28] In the late 1800s, this trade spurred the introduction of light industry, including expanded fish processing operations that processed catches into stockfish and other products for export, marking a shift toward more organized production amid rising demand from southern Europe.[25] A key milestone in Reine's early development came in 1890, when the village's first church, known as Reine Church, was constructed during an economic boom fueled by prosperous fishing seasons.[8] This white wooden long church, designed by architect Ole Scheistrøen, seated about 250 people and served as a community focal point for the growing population of permanent residents and seasonal workers.[29]World War II and Post-War Changes
During World War II, Reine fell under German occupation as part of the broader Nazi invasion of Norway on April 9, 1940, which established control over key coastal areas including the Lofoten archipelago.[30] The village remained under this regime until the war's end, with local fishermen contributing to resistance efforts through intelligence gathering and support for Allied operations, such as the British-Norwegian raids on Lofoten.[31] In December 1941, during Operation Anklet, commandos briefly occupied Reine, capturing a small German garrison; in retaliation, German forces burned the home of local resistance supporter Hartvig Sverdrup.[32] Post-war recovery in northern Norway's fishing communities, including areas like Reine, began in earnest during the 1950s, aided by Norwegian government reconstruction programs.[33] This period also saw a significant modernization of the local fishing industry, with the fleet shifting from traditional sail-powered boats to motorized vessels, enhancing efficiency and supporting economic revival in line with national efforts to revitalize coastal economies.[34] In the late 20th century, Reine gained national recognition when Allers magazine named it Norway's most beautiful village in the late 1970s, boosting its profile beyond fishing.[6] Infrastructure improvements followed, including the construction of the Fredvang Bridges in 1988, which linked Moskenesøya to neighboring islands and improved accessibility. After a population decline in the 1960s due to out-migration from rural areas, Moskenes municipality, including Reine, experienced stabilization from the 1970s onward as tourism and stabilized fisheries helped retain residents.[35] Recent developments underscore Reine's transition toward modernity while preserving its heritage. In 2019, a stone staircase with 1,560 steps was completed on Reinebringen mountain, built by Nepalese Sherpas to provide safer access for hikers and reduce erosion.[36] The village also featured prominently in 2015 as the site for the Norwegian launch of Coca-Cola Life, where the event celebrated its picturesque setting with the local community.[37]Demographics and Society
Population and Demographics
Reine has a resident population of 296 as of 2025 (estimate).[38] The village spans an area of 0.28 square kilometers, yielding a population density of 1,057 inhabitants per square kilometer.[38] This represents a slight decline from 311 residents recorded in 2020, driven by broader urbanization patterns in rural Norway.[39] Demographically, the community features a predominance of working-age adults, with approximately 60% of residents aged 25 to 64 years and a near-balanced gender distribution of roughly 50% male and 50% female.[40] Seasonal population fluctuations are significant, with influxes of tourists and temporary workers boosting the effective numbers during peak summer months.[41] Ethnically, over 95% of Reine's population identifies as Norwegian, reflecting the homogeneity of remote northern communities.[42] A small immigrant segment, comprising less than 5% of residents, originates mainly from Eastern European countries such as Poland and Lithuania, often connected to employment in fishing and tourism industries.[42] Long-term trends indicate challenges from an aging population structure, with a median age higher than the national average, compounded by out-migration of youth to nearby urban centers like Leknes for education and opportunities.[43] These pressures have been mitigated to some extent by tourism-related job growth since the early 2000s, which has helped stabilize residency levels.[43]Culture and Community Life
Reine's cultural life is deeply rooted in its maritime heritage, with annual events like the World Championship in Cod Fishing held in nearby Svolvær serving as a key celebration of the region's cod fishing traditions, drawing locals to honor centuries-old practices through competitions, storytelling, and communal feasts.[44] Maritime folklore, including tales of the Draugen—a spectral sea spirit believed to haunt stormy waters and cause shipwrecks—remains a vital part of oral traditions passed down in community gatherings, reflecting the perils faced by fishermen.[45] While Sami influences are minimal in Reine itself, broader Lofoten folklore incorporates subtle elements of indigenous narratives, such as stories of nature's spirits, shared during evening sessions in rorbu cabins.[46] Community institutions play a central role in fostering social bonds, with Reine Church, a wooden structure built in 1890, hosting not only religious services but also weddings, confirmations, and seasonal gatherings that strengthen interpersonal ties among residents.[47] The local volunteer fire brigade, part of the Moskenes-Flakstad service, acts as a social hub through training drills and community preparedness events, promoting solidarity in this remote setting.[48] Fishing cooperatives, longstanding in Lofoten, extend beyond economic functions to serve as venues for decision-making meetings and mutual support networks, where members discuss shared challenges and preserve collective knowledge.[49] Daily life in Reine blends traditional rorbu dwellings—iconic red cabins historically used by fishermen—with modern digital connectivity, as many homes and cooperatives now feature high-speed internet for remote work and online communication, allowing residents to maintain global ties while upholding seasonal rhythms.[50] Sustainability drives community decisions, exemplified by post-2020 initiatives in Moskenes municipality to curb overtourism through regulated parking, waste management campaigns, and local guidelines promoting environmental stewardship to protect the fragile coastal ecosystem.[51] Education and healthcare reflect the village's small-scale, interdependent nature. Following the closure of Reine School around 2003 due to low enrollment, primary education is now provided at the nearby Sørvågen School under Moskenes municipality, emphasizing local history and outdoor learning in a consolidated setting that highlights rural depopulation challenges.[10] For health services, residents rely on the Reine Legekontor, which offers primary care, preventive check-ups, and coordination with national emergency services (113), supplemented by regional facilities in Gravdal for more specialized needs.[52]Economy
Fishing Industry
Reine's fishing industry revolves around the seasonal winter cod fishery, primarily targeting the migratory skrei cod from January to April, which is traditionally processed into stockfish by air-drying on wooden racks under the region's cold, windy conditions. Local processing plants handle the drying, salting, and packaging of the catch for both domestic use and international markets, with the industry emphasizing high-quality, unsalted stockfish production that has been a hallmark of Lofoten fisheries for centuries.[53][54] The local fleet in Moskenes municipality, where Reine serves as the key hub, comprises predominantly small-scale coastal boats under 11 meters suited for nearshore operations. Since the 1990s, the industry has shifted toward sustainable practices through Norway's implementation of individual vessel quotas (IVQ) and broader management frameworks under the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries, aiming to regulate catches and mitigate overexploitation in the Northeast Arctic cod stock. These measures align with international standards, including third-party certifications for sustainable sourcing.[55] Economically, fishing remains a cornerstone for Reine, accounting for over 60% of private sector employment in Moskenes and directly employing approximately 90 residents as registered fishermen in 2025, with seasonal peaks involving broader community participation in processing. The sector contributes substantially to local GDP, though exact figures vary with annual quotas; it faces ongoing challenges from successive cod quota reductions—such as the 25% cut for 2025—and climate-driven shifts that have reduced cod abundance and altered migration patterns.[56][53] In the supply chain, much of the stockfish output is exported to major markets like Portugal for culinary uses and Nigeria, where it serves as a staple protein source, with Norway shipping over 10,000 metric tons of stockfish to Nigeria alone in 2022. Locally, fresh catches of cod, haddock, and saithe are sold directly to residents and visitors through harborside markets, supporting immediate community needs.[57][54]Tourism Economy
Tourism in Reine has experienced significant growth over the decades, evolving from a niche destination attracting limited visitors in the 1970s to a major draw within Lofoten's broader appeal, which saw approximately 1 million annual visitors by 2023.[58] This expansion has been accelerated by the proliferation of social media imagery showcasing Reine's dramatic landscapes, drawing photographers and nature enthusiasts, as well as the heightened visibility of northern lights viewing opportunities during the solar maximum period from 2024 to 2026.[59][60] Key revenue streams for Reine's tourism economy include accommodations such as traditional rorbu cabins, guided tours, and souvenir sales, which collectively support local businesses and contribute substantially to the regional economy—tourism accounts for about 19% of employment across Lofoten.[51] In Reine, these sectors generate income through high-demand seasonal stays and experiential activities, helping to diversify beyond traditional fishing while sustaining year-round operations for some providers.[61] The industry provides around 150 seasonal jobs in hospitality and related services in the small village, complementing permanent positions enabled by steady visitor flows; training initiatives, such as those under the Sporløs Lofotturisme project coordinated by the Lofoten tourism board, equip locals with skills for sustainable operations.[51][61] However, rapid growth has introduced challenges like overtourism, including trail erosion on popular paths such as Reinebringen due to heavy foot traffic.[62] To address these strains on infrastructure and ecosystems, sustainability measures have been implemented, including visitor management regulations like camping restrictions in 14 designated areas and a Lofoten Code of Conduct promoting responsible behavior, with efforts intensifying around 2022 to balance economic benefits with environmental preservation.[51][61]Infrastructure and Transportation
Roads and Connectivity
Reine is primarily accessed via the European route E10, a scenic highway that forms the main arterial road through the Lofoten archipelago. This two-lane paved road connects Reine eastward to Leknes, approximately 56 kilometers away, with a typical drive time of about 56 minutes.[63][64] Westward, the E10 leads to the village of Å, roughly 10 kilometers distant, allowing easy access to the western tip of Moskenesøya.[65][66] The route incorporates several bridges linking adjacent islands, with key constructions like the Gimsøystraumen Bridge completed in 1980 and the Fredvang Bridges in 1988, facilitating seamless overland travel across the archipelago since the late 20th century.[67] Public transportation options to Reine are limited but functional for regional travel. The Hurtigruten coastal ferry service includes stops or excursions at Reine on select premium voyages, providing scenic maritime access from ports like Bergen or Svolvær.[8][68] Regional buses, such as the Lofoteksspressen (route 300), operate from Svolvær, taking 3 to 4 hours to reach Reine via Leknes, with fares around 160–240 NOK.[69][70] Reine lacks rail connections or its own airport; the nearest facility is Leknes Airport (LKN), about a 1-hour drive away, serving domestic flights from Oslo and Bodø.[64][71] Within the village, local mobility relies on pedestrian paths and the small harbor, which supports boat access for fishing vessels and short excursions.[8][72] The compact layout of Reine makes it largely walkable, though parking becomes challenging during peak summer months, with limited spots at the harbor and nearby lots often filling quickly and requiring payment of 40–300 NOK depending on duration and location.[12][73] Infrastructure enhancements on the E10 near Reine have focused on safety improvements, including the ongoing upgrade of the Nappstraumtunnelen, a 1.78-kilometer undersea tunnel connecting Flakstadøy to Moskenesøya. Initiated in 2025 by Statens vegvesen and projected to complete by late 2027, the project addresses regulatory requirements for emergency lighting, ventilation, and signage to better accommodate increasing tourist traffic. As of November 2025, the tunnel experiences night closures from 23:00 to 06:00 to facilitate the work, with limited vehicle passages during those hours.[74] These upgrades aim to reduce nighttime closures and enhance overall road reliability for visitors accessing the remote western Lofoten region.Local Facilities and Services
Reine benefits from basic healthcare services provided through Moskenes municipality's health and care department, centered at the local Helsesenteret in the village. This facility offers general practitioner consultations, preventive care, and minor treatments for residents and visitors, operating under Norway's universal healthcare system.[75] For urgent needs outside regular hours, the national out-of-hours service (116 117) connects to local resources, while life-threatening emergencies are handled via the 113 ambulance line. Air ambulance services, operated by the Norwegian Air Ambulance, provide rapid evacuation from Lofoten, typically routing through Leknes Airport about 60 kilometers north, ensuring access to advanced care at regional hospitals. Local emergency response includes a volunteer team coordinated by the municipality for initial incident management, such as fires or accidents.[76][77][78] Utilities in Reine are overseen by Moskenes kommune's technical services, ensuring reliable supply for the small population and seasonal influx of tourists. Electricity is delivered via the national grid, with over 95% of Norway's power generated from renewable hydroelectric sources connected through undersea cables from the mainland. Water supply draws from local reservoirs managed by the municipal waterworks, which treats and distributes it to homes, tourism sites, and fishing operations while adhering to strict quality standards. Waste management prioritizes sustainability, featuring curbside collection, recycling stations, and composting programs to minimize environmental impact in this eco-sensitive area.[79][80][81] Essential commercial services support daily needs in Reine, including a Coop Prix supermarket stocking groceries, household items, and fresh produce for both locals and travelers. The post office, integrated into a local retail outlet as "Reine post i butikk," handles mail, parcels, and basic banking transactions. A Circle K station provides fuel for vehicles, along with convenience items like snacks and drinks. Seasonal ATMs are available at the supermarket and fuel station, while free Wi-Fi hotspots operate at the tourist information center and select public spots during peak tourism months.[82][83][84] Accommodation infrastructure emphasizes Reine's preserved fishing village character, focusing on traditional rorbu cabins and modest guesthouses rather than large-scale developments. Reine Rorbuer, a prominent provider, offers 39 restored fisherman's cabins in various sizes, equipped with modern kitchens and sea views, accommodating up to seven guests per unit. Additional guesthouses and smaller rorbu rentals, such as those at nearby sites, total around 50-60 units overall, catering primarily to tourists seeking authentic stays without high-rise hotels. This limited scale helps maintain the area's scenic and cultural integrity.[85][86]Notable Attractions and Tourism
Key Landmarks
Reinebringen, a prominent mountain rising to 448 meters above sea level in the Moskenes municipality, is renowned for its dramatic granite peaks and offers sweeping panoramic views of the surrounding fjords and fishing villages. In 2019, a series of approximately 1,980 stone steps, constructed by Nepalese Sherpas, was completed along much of the ascent, transforming the former steep and erosion-prone path into a more accessible trail that reaches near the summit.[87][88] The Reine Church, a white wooden long church built in 1890 and consecrated on January 9, 1891, stands as a central architectural landmark in the village, designed by architect Ole Scheistrøen from Namsos. This structure, featuring a nave, chancel, and turret, exemplifies traditional Norwegian rural wooden architecture adapted to the coastal environment of Lofoten, and it serves as a key site for religious services and community events.[89][8] Clusters of historic rorbu—traditional fisherman's cabins—dot the islets around Reine, including those near the base of Olstinden mountain and on nearby land, symbolizing the region's enduring Lofoten fishing heritage. Many of these red-painted wooden structures date back to the late 1800s, originally built to house seasonal fishermen during the cod fisheries, with some examples preserved from as early as 1874 on adjacent sites.[90][91] Sakrisøy, a small adjacent island connected by bridge since 1981, preserves elements of its 19th-century trading history through its manor house built in 1889 by fish buyer Sven Kornelius Gylseth and surviving rorbu cabins from 1874, reflecting the industrial-scale stockfish processing that once dominated the area.[92][93]Outdoor Activities and Experiences
Reine offers a wealth of outdoor activities that leverage its dramatic fjords, steep peaks, and Arctic location, allowing visitors to immerse themselves in the Lofoten Islands' rugged natural beauty. Popular pursuits range from strenuous hikes to serene water explorations, with options available year-round depending on weather and season. These experiences emphasize sustainable engagement with the environment, often guided to ensure safety on challenging terrain. Hiking is a cornerstone of Reine's outdoor scene, with the iconic Reinebringen trail standing out for its rewarding vistas. This out-and-back route features nearly 2,000 stone steps constructed by Sherpas, ascending 448 meters over a one-way distance of approximately 1 km (2 km round trip), typically taking 2–3 hours round-trip for most fitness levels. The trail culminates at a viewpoint overlooking the village's red rorbu cabins and surrounding fjords, though it can be slippery in wet conditions and requires sturdy footwear. For a less demanding alternative, easier paths lead to the Reinehalsen viewpoint, accessible via a short walk from central parking areas, providing panoramic sights without significant elevation gain.[12][94][88] Water-based activities thrive in the sheltered waters of Reinefjorden, where calm conditions suit beginners and experts alike. Guided kayaking tours, lasting 3–4 hours, allow paddlers to navigate between islands and observe seabirds and marine life up close, with tandem kayaks available for novices. Fishing charters depart daily from the harbor, targeting abundant cod and other species using traditional lines, often including filleting lessons and opportunities to cook catches on board. Boat tours to nearby Bunes Beach, part of Lofoten's tentative UNESCO World Heritage landscape, involve a 15–20 minute ferry crossing to Vindstad followed by a moderate 1-hour hike to the white-sand shore, ideal for picnics amid towering peaks.[95][96][97] Winter pursuits transform Reine's landscape into a snowy wonderland, with clear skies enhancing aurora visibility. Northern lights viewing peaks from October to March, when long nights coincide with the solar maximum of Cycle 25, boosting activity through 2024–2026 and increasing display frequency. Guided snowshoeing on marked trails, such as those around local hills, offers 2–4 hour excursions through fresh powder, suitable for all levels with provided equipment and focusing on wildlife spotting.[98] Guided experiences enrich these activities with local insights, including photography workshops that teach techniques for capturing midnight sun or auroras using tripods and long exposures during evening sessions. Cultural tours explore rorbu life through visits to historic fishermen's cabins, sharing stories of seasonal cod fisheries and daily island routines. Seasonal events like midnight sun cruises in June–July provide 2–3 hour boat rides under continuous daylight, highlighting glowing fjords and bird cliffs without darkness interrupting the views.[99]References
- https://latitude.to/articles-by-country/no/[norway](/page/Norway)/15063/reine