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Robson de Souza (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʁɔb(i)sõ d(ʒi) ˈsowzɐ]; born 25 January 1984), known as Robinho (pronounced [ʁɔˈbĩɲu]), is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a forward.

Key Information

In 1996, at 12 years of age, Robinho was picked by Brazil legend Pelé as his heir apparent[3] and, in 2002, went on to lead Santos to their first Campeonato Brasileiro title since Pelé himself played for the club.[4] Afterwards he went on to win a second title with Santos, two more with Spanish club Real Madrid, and the Italian Serie A title in his first season at Milan. At international level, Robinho has won one Copa América title and two FIFA Confederations Cups with the Brazil national team, and played at two FIFA World Cups.

In 2017, an Italian court convicted Robinho of sexual assault in the 2013 gang rape of a woman at a Milan nightclub.[5] This conviction was upheld by the Milan Court of Appeals, and subsequently upheld by Italy's top court in January 2022.[6][7] Italy's request for extradition has been rejected by Brazil, because the Constitution of Brazil does not allow extradition of Brazilian nationals. In March 2024, Robinho began serving his nine-year prison term for the conviction in Brazil.[8]

Club career

[edit]

Santos

[edit]

Robinho was born in São Vicente, São Paulo State. In his early years, Robinho played a lot of futsal which was responsible for developing his dribbling and acceleration skills.[9] He signed his first professional contract with Santos in 2002 at the age of 18. He made 24 appearances in his debut season and scored one goal as Santos won the 2002 Campeonato Brasileiro. He reached the final of the 2003 Copa Libertadores with Santos, but lost in the final to Boca Juniors. In 2004, Robinho finished with 21 goals in 37 games and led Santos to win another Campeonato Brasileiro.[citation needed]

His form had brought him to the attention of many European clubs in the summer of 2004, but Robinho remained with Santos after the Brazilian club rejected all offers. His form suffered in the 2005 season, however, after his mother, Marina da Silva Souza, was kidnapped by gunmen at her Praia Grande home on 6 November; she was released unharmed six weeks later after a ransom was paid.[10]

Robinho scored nine goals in 12 league games, and his value continued to increase as his talent became more and more apparent to the powers of European football. Santos began to realise it would become increasingly difficult to hold on to their star player. In July 2005, Spanish giants Real Madrid signed Robinho by agreeing to pay a fee equal to 60% of the buyout clause in his contract belonging to Santos (€24 million).[11]

Real Madrid

[edit]

Robinho was given the number 10 shirt for Real Madrid, previously worn by Luís Figo. Robinho made 37 appearances and scored 14 goals in his first season. At the start of the 2006–07 season, Robinho spent much of the first few months of the season selected as a substitute by manager Fabio Capello, even after being Man of the Match in the first Clásico against Barcelona that year. Only after the winter break did Robinho find himself in the starting XI, later playing a crucial role as Real Madrid won their 30th La Liga title that year. The title was the third league championship of his career.[citation needed]

Capello was subsequently fired, however, and Bernd Schuster was appointed as head coach of Real Madrid. Robinho finished with 11 league goals[12] and eight assists[13] for Madrid in the 2007–08 La Liga season, as well as four goals during Real Madrid's Champions League campaign. Robinho then got injured at the beginning of the second half of the season. He did not recover fully enough to help Madrid against Roma in the Champions League. The week before, however, Robinho saved Real Madrid's La Liga title hopes with a two-goal performance on 3 March 2008 as Madrid defeated Recreativo de Huelva away from home.[14] That game kept a resurgent Barcelona at bay and ultimately secured Real Madrid's 31st league title and Robinho's fourth.[citation needed]

Robinho was Real Madrid's third-highest scorer during his Madrid years, behind strikers Raúl and Ruud van Nistelrooy. He was also the player with the second-most assists, behind Guti, and the only Madrid player, along with goalkeeper Iker Casillas, to finish in the top ten of the Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year nominations for 2007–08.[citation needed]

Real Madrid president Ramón Calderón had promised to negotiate a new contract with Robinho at the midpoint of the 2007–08 season, which never materialised. Calderón, however, insisted talks would occur in the summer; again Calderón went back on his word. Robinho subsequently revealed talks never began because Madrid hoped to use him as part of the deal to bring Cristiano Ronaldo to Real Madrid in the summer of 2008.[15][16] After the failed move for Ronaldo, Madrid finally attempted to negotiate a new contract with Robinho, which he rejected and led to him pursuing a transfer to Chelsea.[17]

Manchester City

[edit]
Robinho playing for Manchester City in 2009

On 1 September 2008, the final day of the Premier League summer transfer window, Robinho completed a €41–42 million (£32.5M) move to Manchester City on a four-year deal. This occurred on the same day the club was bought out by the Arab investment company Abu Dhabi United Group.[18][19][20][21]

Robinho had previously been linked with a transfer to Chelsea,[22] and he had emphasised his desire to play for the London club up to the eve of the transfer.[23] On 27 August, Chelsea chief executive Peter Kenyon said that the club were "confident" that the transaction would go through,[24] and Madrid had also given their consent for the player to leave.[24] Robinho's expectancy to move to Chelsea was such that upon signing for Manchester City he accidentally stated, "On the last day, Chelsea made a great proposal and I accepted." To this comment, a reporter then replied, "You mean Manchester, right?" "Yeah, Manchester, sorry!" answered Robinho.[25]

In an interview with The Guardian, Robinho stated that Manchester City being a big club and the presence of Brazilian friends Jô and Elano were incentives for him to join the team. He made his team debut and scored his first Premier League goal on 13 September 2008, coincidentally in a 3–1 home defeat to Chelsea.[26] On 26 October, he scored his first Premier League hat-trick against Stoke City,[27] and he scored his first European goal for Manchester City in a 3–2 UEFA Cup group stage win over Twente on 6 November. He was given the captain's armband for the match against Hull City, due to Richard Dunne's suspension, which ended in a 2–2 draw.[citation needed]

On 19 April, Robinho scored his 13th league goal for Manchester City in the 2–1 win away at Everton on 25 April, City's first away win since 31 August 2008. The following week, he scored his third consecutive goal in three games, against Blackburn Rovers, to help Manchester City to a 3–1 win. Robinho finished the season as City's top goalscorer with 14 and the fourth top scorer in the league.[citation needed]

His second season at Manchester City did not go as well. He missed three months of the season due to injury and only played 12 games in total (ten in the Premier League), and scored one goal (against lower league club Scunthorpe United in the FA Cup). Due to this, he fell down the pecking order and sought a move away from the club in the January transfer window.[citation needed]

Return to Santos (loan)

[edit]
Robinho playing for Santos in the 2010 season

On 28 January 2010, Robinho returned to his home club Santos due to moving down the pecking order at Manchester City, joining them on a six-month loan deal.[28] He had publicly stated that at Manchester City he would play every other game, and because of the upcoming World Cup, he wanted to play every game, and so returned to Brazil with Santos after declining a move to São Paulo.[29] On his return to Santos, Robinho scored a backheel against aforementioned admirers São Paulo with five minutes to spare to complete a 2–1 victory for the Peixe.[30] In the final match of his loan deal on 4 August, Robinho helped Santos win the Copa do Brasil. Although Santos lost 2–1 to Vitória, they won the tie 3–2 on aggregate to win the competition for the first time in their history.[31] Shortly afterwards, Robinho stated that he wanted to remain with Santos rather than return to England. Manchester City, however, refused to extend the loan deal and Santos failed to make a transfer bid.[32]

Robinho returned to training with Manchester City in August 2010, but stated that he was seeking a move away from the club before the end of the summer transfer window on 31 August.[33] Turkish clubs Fenerbahçe and Beşiktaş opened transfer negotiations with City, but Robinho rejected a move to Turkey, declaring that he would rather move to a club in Spain or Italy.[34]

AC Milan

[edit]
Robinho with AC Milan in 2012

2010–11 season

[edit]

On 31 August 2010, Robinho moved to AC Milan from Manchester City for a fee of £15 million (€18M), signing a four-year contract.[35][36] He made his debut as a substitute in a 2–0 defeat to newly promoted Cesena. He started his first game with Milan in their 1–0 win over Genoa. He scored his first goal in injury time against Chievo to make the score 3–1 on 16 October 2010. He continued his goalscoring form with a goal the following week in a Serie A match against Napoli on 25 October 2010. He then scored the first goal for Milan against Sampdoria, but Giampaolo Pazzini equalised on the hour mark to end as a draw.[citation needed]

On 4 December 2010, Robinho scored the second goal for Milan against Brescia in their 3–0 win at the San Siro. Eight days later, on 12 December, he again scored the second goal in a 3–0 victory for Milan against Bologna. He scored his first goal of 2011 against Bari to give Milan another 3–0 victory. On 29 January, he scored against Catania following a deflection from a Zlatan Ibrahimović free-kick to give Milan a 1–0 lead, then assisted Ibrahimović to give Milan a 2–0 win. On 12 February 2011, he scored his first brace for Milan against Parma to help Milan to a 4–0 win. Against Cagliari, Robinho scored a brace in the 37th week of Serie-A on 14 May 2011, leading to celebrations of the Scudetto winners after the match.[citation needed]

2011–12 season

[edit]

He started the 2011–12 Serie A season well, taking part in Milan's win over Inter Milan in the Supercoppa Italiana. Scoring 11 goals in all competitions, Robinho helped Milan to a second-place finish in the Serie A.[citation needed]

2012–13 season

[edit]
Robinho (right) and AC Milan teammate Stephan El Shaarawy at the centre circle (August 2012)

After Alexandre Pato took the number 9 jersey at Milan following the departure of club legend Filippo Inzaghi, Robinho was handed the number 7 jersey that previously belonged to Pato. Robinho started in Milan's first game of the 2012–13 Serie A against Sampdoria, but was replaced by Urby Emanuelson due to an injury. Robinho made his comeback as a substitute against Cagliari, where Milan won 2–0. Four days later, Milan drew against Parma in an away match where Robinho came on as a substitute. Robinho came on as a substitute again against Inter, but Milan eventually lost 1–0. Robinho was then injured in training and was sidelined for the next five games. He made his comeback against Málaga as a substitute in the 80th minute; the game ended as a draw. He scored his first goal of the season against Juventus, which was the winner in a 1–0 victory on 25 November 2012.[37]

Robinho was close to signing with old club Santos in both January 2013 and July 2013, but the move fell through on both occasions due to the player's wage demands. On both occasions, Santos managed to reach an agreement with Milan over the transfer fee.[38]

On 18 July 2013, Robinho signed a new contract with Milan on a reduced wage, keeping him with the Rossoneri until 2016.[39] His previous deal was set to expire on 30 June 2014.[citation needed]

2013–14 season

[edit]

Robinho suffered a groin strain early in the pre-season against Valencia on 27 July 2013, which disrupted his preparation for the upcoming season. Before he suffered the injury in the match, he missed a penalty, but scored a goal from open play less than a minute later.[40]

On 22 October, Robinho scored the opening goal in the 2013–14 Champions League match against Group H favourites Barcelona, from a pass by his compatriot Kaká. After Lionel Messi's equaliser, however, he missed an excellent opportunity to score another goal in the second half, after which the match ended in a 1–1 draw.[41] In November, he was sidelined again, this time due to a dislocated shoulder, an injury he picked up during the match against Celtic in the Champions League.[42]

Robinho scored his only goal in Milan's Coppa Italia campaign at the San Siro in the quarter-finals against Spezia on 15 January 2014. He opened the scoring with a close-range header in a 3–1 victory against the Serie B club.[43] In February, an injury of his left thigh prevented him from playing in the first leg of the Champions League first knockout round against Atlético Madrid.[44] He made a substitute appearance during the second leg in Spain, but was unable to prevent a 5–1 aggregate defeat against the Rojiblancos.[citation needed]

Second return to Santos (loan)

[edit]

On 6 August 2014, Robinho arrived in São Paulo–Guarulhos International Airport and subsequently returned to Santos in a one-year loan deal.[45] Despite being out of new coach Filippo Inzaghi's plans, the Italian side still will pay Robinho's wages—while Peixe pays R$600,000 per month, Milan will pay another R$400,000.[46]

Robinho was presented on the following day, stating a desire to play in the following match against fierce rivals Corinthians.[47] He made his re-debut for Peixe on 10 August, starting in a 0–1 eventual home loss.[48]

Robinho scored his first goal after his return four days later, netting the first and assisting Rildo in a 2–0 home success over Londrina in the Copa do Brasil championship.[49] His second goal came on the 29th, in a 2–0 away win over Grêmio in the same tournament.[citation needed]

On 13 September, Robinho scored his first Brasileirão goal, netting his side's second in a 2–1 home win over Coritiba. He scored again on 21 September with a left-footed strike in a 3–1 victory over Figueirense. On 30 June 2015, after already rescinding his link with Milan in May, he left Peixe after his contract expired.[50]

Guangzhou Evergrande

[edit]

On 16 July 2015, Robinho signed a six-month contract with Chinese Super League side Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao, managed by compatriot Luiz Felipe Scolari[51] and linking up with his international teammate Paulinho.[52] On 23 July 2015, he made his unofficial debut for Guangzhou in an international friendly against Bayern Munich.[53] He won the Chinese Super League in the 2015 season.[citation needed]

On 1 February 2016, Robinho became a free agent after his contract expired with Guangzhou.[citation needed]

Atlético Mineiro

[edit]

On 11 February 2016, after 10 days being released Robinho signed a two-year contract with Atlético Mineiro.[54][55]

Robinho was the highest goal scorer in Brazil in 2016, with 25 goals.[56] He was selected for the Campeonato Brasileiro team of the year, in both the Craque do Brasileirão and the Bola de Prata awards.[57]

Robinho scored a goal in the 2017 Campeonato Mineiro final over rivals Cruzeiro, which secured Atlético the title.[58]

He left the club at the expiry of his contract in December 2017, having scored a total of 38 goals in 109 matches.[59]

Sivasspor and İstanbul Başakşehir

[edit]

On 23 January 2018, Robinho signed for Turkish Süper Lig club Sivasspor.[60] On 1 January 2019, he signed for İstanbul Başakşehir in the same league for a fee of $2.78m.[61] He was a member of the 2019–20 Süper Lig winning squad, the first top flight title in the club's history.[citation needed]

Third return to Santos

[edit]

On 10 October 2020, Robinho rejoined Santos on a deal running until February 2021, with the option for an extension until December 2022.[62] The announcement was met with criticism due to Robinho's trial court conviction of sexual assault in Italy. One of Santos' sponsors ended their deal with the club, stating that the signing was 'disrespectful to women', while others also pressed against it.[63] On 16 October, Santos announced the suspension of his contract, stating that he would focus exclusively on his defence.[64]

International career

[edit]
Robinho playing for Brazil against Switzerland in 2006

In July 2003, Robinho was called up for the 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup, along with his Santos teammates Alex and Diego.[65] Although Brazil chose to send their under-23 team, the CONCACAF Gold Cup matches are considered as full international matches by FIFA. He earned his first cap in the opening match on 13 July, which Brazil lost 1–0 to Mexico,[66] and played four further matches including the golden goal defeat to the same team in the final.[67]

Robinho's first cap with the full Brazil team came on 4 September 2004, as a 74th-minute substitute for Edu in a 3–1 home win over Bolivia in 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification.[68] The following 9 February, he scored his first international goal in a 7–1 win away to Hong Kong.[69] He went to the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup in Germany, which Brazil went on to win. During the tournament, he partnered Adriano in attack and scored in group matches against Greece and Japan.[70][71]

Robinho was named in Brazil's squad for the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany. During the tournament, he was mainly used as a substitute, with the established forwards Ronaldo, Ronaldinho, Adriano and Kaká starting in attack. However, he was named in the starting line-up for Brazil's third group match; a 4–1 defeat of Japan. He made a third substitute appearance of the tournament in Brazil's 1–0 quarter-final defeat by France.[citation needed]

In the absence of Brazil's World Cup forwards, Robinho was a regular starter for the team at the 2007 Copa América a year later. For the tournament, he wore the number 11 shirt, the same number that his childhood hero Romário wore.[72] He scored all four of Brazil's group stage goals via a hat-trick in the 3–0 win against Chile,[73] and a penalty in a 1–0 win over Ecuador.[74] He then scored two goals in a 6–1 quarter-final win over Chile.[75] Brazil went on to win the tournament, beating Argentina 3–0 in the final. Robinho finished as the Golden Boot winner in addition to being named the best player of the tournament.[76]

In 2009, he was a member of the Brazil team that won the 2009 Confederations Cup in South Africa. He played in every game in the competition, as Brazil defeated the United States 3–2 in the final to win the tournament.[77]

Robinho was named in Brazil's squad for the 2010 World Cup, where he played alongside Luís Fabiano in attack. He scored in the second round match against Chile as Brazil won 3–0 to advance to the quarter-finals.[78] He then scored the opener in the quarter-final match against the Netherlands, but Brazil eventually lost 2–1 and was eliminated. A poor performance at the 2011 Copa América saw Robinho dropped and replaced by Jádson in the Brazilian line-up.[79]

Robinho playing for Brazil at the 2010 FIFA World Cup

On 31 October 2013, after a hiatus of two years, Robinho was recalled to the Seleção by coach Luiz Felipe Scolari. He took part in two games against Honduras and Chile on 16 and 19 November respectively. During the game against Chile, he scored his first international goal since 2011.[80] However, he was not included in Scolari's squad for the 2014 World Cup.[81]

After the World Cup, returning coach Dunga recalled Robinho to the Brazil national squad. On 6 September 2014, he played 13 minutes as a substitute in Brazil's 1–0 win against Colombia in Miami.[82] In May 2015, Robinho was included in Brazil's 23-man squad for the 2015 Copa América held in Chile.[83] He started their final group game against Venezuela after Neymar was suspended for the entire tournament. In the ninth minute, Robinho sent in the corner from which Thiago Silva volleyed Brazil into the lead in an eventual 2–1 victory which sent them into the quarter-finals as group winners.[84] On 27 June, Robinho scored the opening goal of the quarter-final with Paraguay, which Brazil eventually lost 4–3 in a penalty shootout.[85]

Eighteen months after his 99th game, Robinho won his 100th international cap on 25 January 2017 in a 1–0 win against Colombia at the Olympic Stadium in Rio de Janeiro. An entirely home-based squad was chosen in tribute to the Chapecoense squad killed in LaMia Flight 2933 in Colombia weeks earlier, and Robinho lined up alongside his former Santos partner Diego.[86]

Style of play

[edit]

A quick, creative, agile and technically gifted player, Robinho is mainly known for his flair, ball control, attacking instinct and dribbling skills, as well as his use of tricks and feints, such as the step over and the flip flap, due to his quick feet; his precocious performances and ability on the ball drew comparisons with compatriot Pelé in his youth.[87][88][89][90][91] Usually deployed in a free role, he was capable of playing in several offensive positions, and often played as a winger,[92] although he has also been used as a supporting forward,[93] as a main striker,[94] and even as an attacking midfielder[95] on occasion, due to his tendency to be involved in the buildup of his teams' attacking plays, as well as his capacity to both score and create goals.[96][97][98] Robinho has been criticised for his poor work-rate, lack of tactical discipline,[97] and for his slender physique,[88] which often leads him to go to ground easily.[99] Despite the talent he demonstrated in his youth, his career has also been marked by inconsistency,[100] and he has been accused by some in the sport of failing to live up to his potential.[89][97][101]

Personal life

[edit]

In November 2004, Robinho's mother was kidnapped at gunpoint.[102] She was released unharmed the following month.[103]

In 2009, Robinho married Vivian Guglielminetti. The couple have two sons, born in 2007 and 2011, and a daughter born in 2015.[104]

His son, Robson Junior, also became a professional footballer, and also started his career with Santos FC.[105]

Sexual crime and conviction

[edit]

On 23 November 2017, an Italian court sentenced Robinho to nine years in prison after he and five other males were convicted of sexual assault in the January 2013 gang rape of a 22-year-old Albanian woman at a Milan nightclub.[5] As part of the judgment, transcripts of Robinho's messages intercepted by police were released, including one from Robinho to a friend in January 2013 that said: "I'm laughing because I couldn't care less, the woman was completely drunk, she has no idea what happened."[106] In a different chat, a friend of Robinho sent the message "I saw you when you put your penis inside her mouth", to which Robinho replied: "That doesn't mean having sex."[106] Under Italian law, his sentencing would not be enforced until after the completion of the appeal process.[107] At the time of the sentencing, Robinho was in Brazil, and under Brazilian law, a Brazilian citizen cannot be extradited to a foreign country.[108]

On 10 December 2020, Robinho's nine-year prison sentence was upheld by the Italian courts after appeal.[109] The Milan Court of Appeals found that Robinho had "belittled" and "brutally humiliated" the victim, while he also tried to mislead investigators from the onset by providing a false version of events he had agreed upon with his friend.[6]

Italy's highest court, the Supreme Court of Cassation, upheld the conviction again in January 2022.[7] In February 2022, an arrest warrant was given internationally against Robinho by the Ministry of Justice of Italy.[110][111] On 4 October 2022, Italy formally requested Brazil to extradite him and his Brazilian friend Ricardo Falco, who was also convicted in the same gang rape case, which was denied by Brazilian courts a month later.[112][113]

However, on 18 February 2023, the Italian government requested Brazil to order Robinho and his friend Falco to serve their sentences in Brazil, which is theoretically possible since a new Brazilian migration law allowing people convicted abroad (Brazilians included) to serve prison time in the country under certain requirements came into effect in 2017.[114][115] On 24 February 2023, Brazil's Superior Court of Justice (STJ) subpoenaed Robinho and Falco and on 27 March Brazilian prosecutors agreed with the Italian government request.[116][117][118] The court also ordered Robinho's passport to be confiscated and prohibited him from leaving Brazil.[119] In August 2023, STJ denied a preliminary request by Robinho to get the Italian sentence through he was convicted translated.[120] In February 2024, the Court scheduled for 20 March the ruling on Italy's government appeal to have the original sentence execute in Brazil.[121] The Brazilian court upheld the Italian courts conviction; Robinho will serve his nine-year sentence in Brazil.[122]

Career statistics

[edit]

Club

[edit]
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition[123][124]
Club Season League State League National Cup League Cup Continental Other Total
Division Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals
Santos 2002 Série A 30 10 — — — — 3[a] 0 33 10
2003 Série A 32 9 6[b] 0 — — 20[c] 6 — 58 15
2004 Série A 35 21 10[b] 7 — — 10[c] 4 — 55 32
2005 Série A 11 7 14[b] 11 — — 9[d] 6 — 34 24
Total 108 47 30 18 — — 39 16 3 0 180 81
Real Madrid 2005–06 La Liga 37 8 — 6 4 — 8[e] 0 — 51 12
2006–07 La Liga 32 6 — 4 1 — 7[e] 1 — 43 8
2007–08 La Liga 32 11 — 2 0 — 6[e] 4 2[f] 0 42 15
2008–09 La Liga 0 0 — 0 0 — 0 0 1[f] 0 1 0
Total 101 25 — 12 5 — 21 5 3 0 137 35
Manchester City 2008–09 Premier League 31 14 — 0 0 0 0 10[g] 1 0 0 41 15
2009–10 Premier League 10 0 — 1 1 1 0 — — 12 1
Total 41 14 — 1 1 1 0 10 1 0 0 53 16
Santos (loan) 2010 Série A 2 0 12[b] 5 8 6 — 0 0 — 22 11
AC Milan 2010–11 Serie A 34 14 — 4 1 — 7[e] 0 — 45 15
2011–12 Serie A 28 6 — 3 1 — 8[e] 3 1[h] 0 40 10
2012–13 Serie A 23 2 — 1 0 — 3[e] 0 — 27 2
2013–14 Serie A 23 3 — 2 1 — 7[e] 1 — 32 5
Total 108 25 — 10 3 — 25 4 1 0 144 32
Santos (loan) 2014 Série A 16 4 — 5 5 — — — 21 9
2015 Série A 4 2 13[b] 5 3 1 — 0 0 — 20 8
Total 20 6 13 5 8 6 — 0 0 — 41 17
Guangzhou Evergrande 2015 Chinese Super League 10 3 — 0 0 — — 1[i] 0 11 3
Atlético Mineiro 2016 Série A 30 12 10[j] 9 8 3 — 7[d] 1 — 55 25
2017 Série A 30 7 10[j] 3 4 1 — 7[d] 2 3[k] 0 54 13
Total 60 19 20 12 12 4 — 14 3 3 0 109 38
Sivasspor 2017–18 Süper Lig 14 4 — 0 0 — — — 14 4
2018–19 Süper Lig 16 8 — 0 0 — — — 16 8
Total 30 12 — 0 0 — — — 30 12
Istanbul Basaksehir 2018–19 Süper Lig 17 4 — 1 0 — 0 0 — 18 4
2019–20 Süper Lig 15 0 — 4 0 — 6[l] 0 — 25 0
Total 32 4 — 5 0 — 6 0 — 43 4
Santos 2020 Série A 0 0 — 0 0 — 0 0 — 0 0
Career total 512 155 75 40 56 25 1 0 115 29 11 0 771 249
  1. ^ Appearances in Torneio Rio–São Paulo
  2. ^ a b c d e Appearances in Campeonato Paulista
  3. ^ a b Appearances in Copa Libertadores and Copa Sudamericana
  4. ^ a b c Appearances in Copa Libertadores
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Appearances in UEFA Champions League
  6. ^ a b Appearance(s) in Supercopa de España
  7. ^ Appearances in UEFA Europa League
  8. ^ Appearance in Supercoppa Italiana
  9. ^ Appearance in FIFA Club World Cup
  10. ^ a b Appearances in Campeonato Mineiro
  11. ^ Appearances in Primeira Liga
  12. ^ Appearances in UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League

International

[edit]
Appearances and goals by national team and year[125][126][127][128][129]
National team Year Apps Goals
Brazil
2003 5 0
2004 1 0
2005 11 5
2006 10 0
2007 17 6
2008 11 5
2009 12 3
2010 11 6
2011 7 1
2013 2 1
2014 3 0
2015 4 1
2016 0 0
2017 1 0
Total 100 28
Scores and results list Brazil's goal tally first[130]
List of international goals scored by Robinho
No. Date Venue Opponent Score Result Competition
1 9 February 2005 Hong Kong Stadium, Wanchai, Hong Kong  Hong Kong 6–0 7–1 2005 Lunar New Year Cup
2 5 June 2005 Estádio Beira-Rio, Porto Alegre, Brazil  Paraguay 4–1 4–1 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification
3 16 June 2005 Red Bull Arena, Leipzig, Germany  Greece 2–0 3–0 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup
4 22 June 2005 RheinEnergieStadion, Cologne, Germany  Japan 1–0 2–2 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup
5 4 September 2005 Estádio Nacional Mané Garrincha, Brasília, Brazil  Chile 2–0 5–0 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification
6 1 July 2007 Estadio Monumental de Maturín, Maturín, Venezuela  Chile 1–0 3–0 2007 Copa América
7 2–0
8 3–0
9 4 July 2007 Estadio José Antonio Anzoátegui, Barcelona, Venezuela  Ecuador 1–0 1–0 2007 Copa América
10 7 July 2007 Estadio José Antonio Anzoátegui, Barcelona, Venezuela  Chile 3–0 6–1 2007 Copa América
11 4–0
12 6 February 2008 Croke Park, Dublin, Ireland  Republic of Ireland 1–0 1–0 Friendly
13 31 May 2008 CenturyLink Field, Seattle, United States  Canada 3–2 3–2 Friendly
14 7 September 2008 Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos, Santiago, Chile  Chile 2–0 3–0 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification
15 12 October 2008 Estadio Polideportivo de Pueblo Nuevo, San Cristóbal, Venezuela  Venezuela 2–0 4–0 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification
16 4–0
17 10 February 2009 Emirates Stadium, London, England  Italy 2–0 2–0 Friendly
18 10 June 2009 Estádio do Arruda, Recife, Brazil  Paraguay 1–1 2–1 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification
19 18 June 2009 Loftus Versfeld Stadium, Pretoria, South Africa  United States 2–0 3–0 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup
20 2 March 2010 Emirates Stadium, London, England  Republic of Ireland 2–0 2–0 Friendly
21 2 June 2010 National Sports Stadium, Harare, Zimbabwe  Zimbabwe 2–0 3–0 Friendly
22 7 June 2010 National Stadium, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania  Tanzania 1–0 5–1 Friendly
23 2–0
24 28 June 2010 Ellis Park Stadium, Johannesburg, South Africa  Chile 3–0 3–0 2010 FIFA World Cup
25 2 July 2010 Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium, Port Elizabeth, South Africa  Netherlands 1–0 1–2 2010 FIFA World Cup
26 10 August 2011 Mercedes-Benz Arena, Stuttgart, Germany  Germany 1–2 2–3 Friendly
27 19 November 2013 Rogers Centre, Toronto, Canada  Chile 2–1 2–1 Friendly
28 27 June 2015 Estadio Ester Roa, Concepción, Chile  Paraguay 1–0 1–1 (a.e.t.),
(3–4 p)		 2015 Copa América

Honours

[edit]

Santos[131]

Real Madrid

AC Milan

Guangzhou Evergrande

Atlético Mineiro

İstanbul Başakşehir

Brazil[131]

Individual

See also

[edit]

References

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Robinho

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Robson de Souza, known professionally as Robinho (born 25 January 1984), is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played primarily as a forward or left winger, celebrated for his exceptional dribbling, speed, and playmaking ability. Emerging from Santos FC's youth academy, he rose to prominence in European football with stints at Real Madrid (2005–2008), where he contributed to two La Liga titles, and AC Milan (2010–2014), securing one Serie A championship. Internationally, Robinho earned 100 caps for Brazil, scoring 28 goals, and was instrumental in their 2007 Copa América victory, while participating in the 2006 and 2010 FIFA World Cups. His career, spanning clubs in , , , , , and , included notable individual accolades such as top scorer honors in domestic leagues, though it declined in later years amid inconsistent performances and off-field issues. Robinho's legacy remains tainted by a 2017 conviction from an Italian court for his role in the 2013 of a 22-year-old Albanian woman in , a sentence of nine years upheld through and enforced in following a 2024 ruling, where he has been imprisoned at Tremembé since March of that year; a further was rejected in September 2025.

Early life

Childhood and family background

Robson de Souza, professionally known as Robinho, was born on January 25, 1984, in São Vicente, a coastal city in São Paulo state, Brazil. He grew up in the humble Parque Bitaru neighborhood amid significant economic hardship, with his family struggling to make ends meet in a region marked by limited opportunities. His parents, Gilvan de Souza and da Silva Souza, provided a supportive but resource-scarce environment; Gilvan took on various low-paying jobs, including door-to-door sales, while worked as a caterer to sustain the household. The family's led to nutritional deficiencies for young Robson, stemming from irregular access to adequate food, which impacted his early physical development. The de Souza lineage traced back to of enslaved people, with having been effectively "sold" as a from a impoverished family in northeastern to labor for others in , underscoring intergenerational cycles of deprivation. Despite these challenges, Robinho's family emphasized resilience and encouraged his early interest in street games, laying the groundwork for his escape from socioeconomic constraints through talent rather than inherited privilege. This background of adversity, common among many Brazilian footballers from coastal favelas and working-class enclaves, highlighted the causal role of in channeling raw athletic potential into professional pursuits as a viable path to upward mobility.

Youth development and Santos debut

Robson de Souza, known as Robinho, began his organized football training in the youth system of after trialing and joining their junior team in 1996 at age 12. This entry into Santos' academy, renowned for developing talents such as , marked the start of his structured development, where he honed skills as a forward over the subsequent six years in various youth categories. In 2002, Robinho signed his first professional contract with Santos at age 18, transitioning from youth to senior football. His professional debut occurred that year, during which he featured in 24 matches and netted one goal, playing a supporting role in Santos' triumph in the —the club's first national league title since 1968. This breakthrough season established him as an emerging prospect within the squad under coach Émerson Leão.

Club career

Initial stint at Santos

Robinho made his professional debut for on 25 January 2002, coinciding with his 18th birthday, in a match against União São João, entering as a substitute. Under coach Celso Roth, he featured in the Rio-São Paulo tournament that year, marking the start of his breakthrough in senior football. In his inaugural season of 2002, Robinho recorded 24 appearances and 1 goal across competitions, playing a supporting role as Santos clinched the title—the club's first national league championship in 18 years. His emergence contributed to Santos' revival, blending with established talents like and Robinho's agile, skillful play on the left wing. The following year, in 2003, he increased his involvement, scoring 9 goals in 36 matches, though Santos fell short in the final against Cruzeiro. By 2004, Robinho had solidified as a star, netting 21 goals in 44 appearances and instrumental in Santos securing their second consecutive crown. His performances, characterized by rapid dribbles, creativity, and goal-scoring instinct, drew comparisons to , whom Santos had identified him as a potential successor since age 12. Overall, across his initial professional period from 2002 to 2005, he amassed 108 appearances and 47 goals for the club, establishing himself as a pivotal figure before his transfer to Real Madrid. These achievements underscored Santos' resurgence in Brazilian football, with Robinho's contributions earning him domestic acclaim and international scouting interest.

Real Madrid

Robinho joined Real Madrid from Santos on August 25, 2005, in a transfer reportedly valued at €24 million, marking one of the club's significant investments in young South American talent during the post-Galácticos transition. He was assigned the iconic number 10 shirt, previously worn by , signaling high expectations as a creative forward capable of and flair. Under manager , Robinho made his competitive debut on August 28, 2005, in a 3–1 win over , entering as a substitute and showcasing his technical skills in limited minutes. In his debut 2005–06 season, Robinho adapted to European football amid Real Madrid's inconsistent campaign, which ended without major trophies. He featured in 37 matches across all competitions, scoring 14 goals, including notable strikes that highlighted his speed and low center of gravity for beating defenders. The following 2006–07 season saw improved team cohesion under Fabio Capello, with Robinho contributing 11 league goals and 8 assists, helping Real Madrid secure their 30th La Liga title despite his occasional disciplinary issues and benchings. His performances earned praise for versatility, often playing as a second striker or left winger, though critics noted inconsistencies in finishing compared to his Santos form. The 2007–08 campaign under represented Robinho's most integrated period, as Real Madrid clinched another title and the Spanish . Over his three-year stint, he accumulated 137 appearances, 35 goals, and 26 assists across competitions, with a goals-per-game of approximately 0.26. However, the club failed to advance far in the , exiting in the round of 16 each season, partly due to squad depth issues and Robinho's variable output in high-stakes European ties. Tensions arose in summer 2008 when Robinho sought a move to Chelsea, but he ultimately departed for Manchester in a €42.5 million deal on September 1, 2008, citing desires for more playing time and exposure.

Manchester City and interim return to Santos

Robinho transferred to Manchester City from Real Madrid on 1 September 2008 for a then British record fee of £32.5 million, marking the club's first major signing under new Abu Dhabi ownership. In his debut season (2008–09), he made 41 Premier League appearances, scoring 14 goals and providing 8 assists, leading City's scoring charts and earning the club's Player of the Year award despite the team's mid-table finish. His form included a hat-trick in a 5–1 League Cup win over Scunthorpe United on 30 September 2008 and key goals against rivals like Manchester United. Performance declined in the 2009–10 season amid reported unhappiness, disciplinary issues, and injuries, with only 11 league appearances and 1 goal before the winter break. On 28 January 2010, Manchester City loaned him to boyhood club Santos for six months until 4 August 2010, with Santos covering his wages and bonuses (Robinho accepting a reduction). The move allowed reconnection with Brazilian football, where he expressed intent to revive his career. During the loan, Robinho featured in 14 matches for Santos, scoring 6 goals and providing 3 assists, contributing to their 2010 triumph—the club's first since 1963. He marked his return with a decisive backheel goal in the 85th minute for a 2–1 Paulistão win over on 7 February 2010. His performances reinvigorated Santos' attack, blending flair with effective finishing in domestic competitions. The stint ended his City association, paving the way for a permanent transfer to .

AC Milan tenure

Robinho transferred to from Manchester City on 31 August 2010 for a fee of €18 million, agreeing to a four-year contract. He made his Serie A debut for the club on 25 September 2010 in a 2–0 away win over , entering as a substitute. His first league goal came on 16 October 2010 in a 2–1 home victory against Chievo Verona. In the season, Robinho scored 14 goals in 34 appearances (26 starts), contributing significantly to 's title-winning campaign, their first since 2004. The following seasons saw diminished output, with Robinho managing 25 goals and 18 assists across 108 matches during his full tenure. Overall, in all competitions, he recorded 32 goals and 30 assists in 144 appearances for . He also won the in 2011, starting in the 2–1 victory over on 6 August. Performance critiques noted inconsistent finishing and defensive lapses, though his and remained assets in Massimiliano Allegri's system. In July 2014, amid a desire to return to his formative club, Robinho joined Santos on a one-year loan, with retaining his registration until the deal's conclusion. During his Milan stint, in October 2013, Robinho participated in the of a 22-year-old Albanian woman at a ; an Italian court convicted him in 2017 of the crime, sentencing him to nine years' imprisonment, a ruling upheld through appeals including in 2022, though Brazil's policy against extraditing nationals has prevented enforcement.

Later European and Asian moves

In July 2015, Robinho signed a six-month contract with Guangzhou Evergrande of the on a free transfer, reuniting with former national team coach . He made 10 appearances for the club across all competitions, scoring 3 goals, including a brace in an early league match against Shanghai Shenxin, and contributed to Guangzhou's title win that season. His stint ended in February 2016 when he departed for a return to Brazilian football with Atlético Mineiro. Following two successful seasons at Atlético Mineiro, where he emerged as Brazil's top scorer in 2016 with 25 goals across competitions, Robinho moved to Europe again by signing with Turkish club on January 25, 2018, via a free transfer. In 30 appearances for , he scored 12 goals, providing offensive output in a mid-table campaign. On December 27, 2018, Robinho transferred to fellow Turkish side İstanbul Başakşehir from , joining a squad challenging for the league title alongside players like Emmanuel Adebayor. He recorded 4 goals in 32 appearances during his tenure, which extended into 2020 before his release as a free agent amid diminishing playing time and off-field developments. These Turkish moves marked Robinho's final professional engagements outside Brazil prior to his later return to Santos.

Final returns to Santos

In August 2014, Robinho joined on a one-year loan from , marking his third stint with the club where he had begun his professional career. During this period, he featured in 41 matches across all competitions, scoring 17 goals and providing assists that supported the team's attacking play. secured the in 2015 with Robinho contributing key performances, including goals in the competition. The loan culminated in victory in the final against Palmeiras on August 8, 2015, after which Robinho departed for Guangzhou Evergrande rather than extending his stay. Robinho's fourth return to Santos occurred on October 10, 2020, when the 36-year-old signed a five-month contract as a free agent following spells in Turkey with Sivasspor and İstanbul Başakşehir. However, the agreement faced immediate backlash due to his 2017 Italian conviction for participating in the 2013 gang rape of a woman in Milan—a nine-year sentence upheld on appeal in 2022—prompting a key sponsor, Kappa, to terminate its partnership with Santos out of respect for women's rights. By October 16, 2020, Santos and Robinho mutually suspended the contract, allowing him to focus on his legal defense without playing any matches for the club. This effectively ended his professional playing career, as no further club affiliations followed amid ongoing appeals and eventual imprisonment in Brazil starting in 2024.

International career

Senior team debut and early tournaments

Robinho made his senior international debut for Brazil on 13 July 2003, appearing as a starter in a 1–0 group stage victory over Mexico at the CONCACAF Gold Cup in Miami. Although Brazil fielded a predominantly under-23 squad for the tournament as preparation for the Athens Olympics, FIFA officially recognized the matches as full senior caps. He played the full 90 minutes in his debut without scoring or assisting. During the 2003 Gold Cup, Robinho featured in all five of Brazil's matches, totaling 384 minutes on the pitch. He scored his first international goal on 19 July against Colombia in a 2–0 semifinal defeat, converting a penalty in the 72nd minute. Brazil had advanced from the group stage with wins over Honduras (2–1) and Mexico (1–0), but exited the tournament with a 1–0 extra-time loss to Mexico in the final on 27 July. Robinho earned additional caps in friendlies between the Gold Cup and his next major tournament, including a start in a 3–1 win over Chile on 10 June 2004 during 2006 World Cup qualifying. His breakthrough came at the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup in Germany, where he started four of Brazil's five matches and played 362 minutes overall. He scored twice—against Greece in a 3–0 group stage opener on 16 June and Japan in a 2–2 group draw on 22 June—while recording three assists, including one in the 4–1 final triumph over Argentina on 29 June that secured the title. These performances, marked by his dribbling and creativity, established him as a key attacking option ahead of the 2006 World Cup.

Major competitions including World Cups

Robinho represented Brazil in two FIFA World Cups, appearing in the 2006 tournament in Germany and the 2010 edition in South Africa. In 2006, he featured in all four matches during Brazil's group stage exit, starting three and substituting in one, but did not score as the team was eliminated following a 1-0 loss to France in the quarter-finals. In 2010, Robinho started all five matches, scoring once in a 3-0 round-of-16 victory over Chile on June 28, contributing to Brazil's run to the quarter-finals before a 2-1 defeat to the Netherlands ended their campaign. Across these tournaments, he recorded two goals in nine appearances. Beyond World Cups, Robinho competed in the Copa América three times, achieving his greatest success in 2007 in Venezuela, where Brazil won the title. He scored six goals in six matches, including a hat-trick in a 6-1 quarter-final win over Chile on July 7, earning the tournament's top scorer accolade and helping secure a 3-0 final victory against Argentina. In the 2015 Copa América in Chile, he was named to the squad but made no appearances as Brazil exited in the group stage. Robinho also participated in the FIFA Confederations Cup in 2005 and 2009, both of which Brazil won. In the 2005 tournament in Germany, he played five matches and scored twice, including in the 4-1 final defeat of Argentina on July 2. Four years later in South Africa, he appeared in all five games, netting once during the 3-2 final triumph over the United States on June 28. These performances underscored his role in Brazil's dominance in the competition, with a total of three goals across 10 matches.

Olympic Games participation

Robinho was included in Brazil's squad for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing as one of three overage players, selected alongside on July 8, 2008, to bolster the under-23 team aiming for its first Olympic football gold medal. His selection highlighted his status as a key attacking talent, expected to provide experience and creativity in the forward line. However, on July 21, 2008, just days before the tournament opener, Robinho was withdrawn after Real Madrid's medical examination revealed a groin injury that rendered him unfit to compete. The decision sparked criticism from Brazilian football officials, who accused Real Madrid of poor timing in disclosing the issue, potentially to retain the player amid transfer speculation. As a result, Robinho did not feature in any Olympic matches, and Brazil proceeded without him, ultimately defeating Argentina 2–0 in the final on August 23, 2008, to claim gold. He had no recorded participation in other Olympic Games, with his international focus shifting to senior tournaments like the World Cup and Confederations Cup thereafter.

Playing style and attributes

Technical skills and strengths

Robinho exhibited exceptional dribbling proficiency, leveraging a low center of gravity, rapid changes of direction, and signature feints like the elastico to evade defenders in confined areas. His futsal upbringing in Brazil enhanced this close-quarters ball mastery, enabling unpredictable maneuvers that disrupted defensive structures during his Santos and Real Madrid tenures. Analysts noted his deceptive accelerations and bursts of speed as key to beating multiple opponents, often culminating in creative assists or goals. Complementing his dribbling, Robinho demonstrated superior ball control and technical finesse, allowing retention under pressure and execution of intricate tricks honed from street and futsal play. His left-footed dominance facilitated precise crossing and shooting, with right-footed strikes occasionally showcasing exquisite accuracy, as in his 2010 World Cup goal against Chile. Visionary passing further distinguished him, enabling defense-splitting through-balls that exploited spaces for teammates. These attributes positioned Robinho as a flair-driven forward, emphasizing over physicality, though their effectiveness varied by tactical context and his consistency.

Tactical role and comparisons

Robinho primarily operated as a left winger, with versatility extending to right winger, second striker, attacking midfielder, and central forward positions throughout his career. He favored drifting inward from wide berths to exploit spaces via dribbling and central interplay, embodying a fluid, creative presence in attacking phases rather than rigid positional adherence. This instinctive freedom occasionally hindered adaptation to disciplined European tactics emphasizing defensive tracking and structure. At Real Madrid, Robinho clashed with Fabio Capello's requirements for width and effort off the ball but flourished under Bernd Schuster's possession-focused system, registering 11 goals and 8 assists in the 2007-08 La Liga season. In Manchester City, deployed mainly on the flanks, he delivered 14 Premier League goals in his 2008-09 debut year but faced critiques for insufficient work rate and tactical lapses under Mark Hughes and Roberto Mancini, starting just 6 league matches the following season. He integrated more effectively at AC Milan in a 4-3-1-2 setup alongside Zlatan Ibrahimović, contributing 14 goals to the 2010-11 Serie A triumph. Observers frequently compared Robinho to Brazilian icons for his prodigious talent and flair. Pelé personally dubbed him "the next Pelé" upon his Santos emergence, a moniker that amplified expectations but underscored his early Santos dominance akin to the legend's youth. Parallels to Ronaldinho emerged from shared dribbling artistry and unpredictability, with Zinedine Zidane lauding Robinho's capacity to dismantle defenses single-handedly, though Robinho's output proved less consistently transcendent.

Criticisms of consistency and discipline

Robinho's professional career was marked by frequent critiques regarding inconsistent on-field performances, particularly in Europe's top leagues, where his output often failed to match the explosive creativity seen in his Santos breakthrough or Brazil international appearances. At Real Madrid from 2005 to 2008, he recorded 28 goals in 100 La Liga matches, but observers noted erratic contributions, with manager benching him for favoring individualistic play over structured team demands. Similarly, during his 2008–2010 stint at Manchester City, Robinho scored 15 goals in 41 Premier League games in his debut season before tallying just one in the next, prompting accusations of motivational lapses and poor adaptation to physical demands. He publicly defended his club form in March 2009, attributing superior Brazil displays to national team familiarity, though critics viewed this as evidence of uneven commitment. Disciplinary concerns compounded these issues, with Robinho often cited for inadequate work rate and tactical lapses that undermined his technical gifts. At AC Milan (2010–2014, with interruptions), coach Leonardo emphasized defensive responsibilities and positional adherence, repeatedly sidelining Robinho despite occasional scoring bursts, as his slender build and reluctance to track back exposed defensive frailties. Off-field habits drew scrutiny, including a 2007 incident at Real Madrid where he missed a flight back from Brazil amid partying allegations, forcing an apology. At Manchester City, reports highlighted his nightlife indulgences, with Robinho later conceding a party reputation but claiming English teammates exceeded him in such pursuits; however, this lifestyle correlated with fitness dips and stalled progress. Such patterns contributed to perceptions of unfulfilled potential, as contemporaries contrasted his raw ability with lapses in professionalism that shortened his elite tenure.

Personal life

Family dynamics and relationships

Robinho, born Robson de Souza on January 25, 1984, in São Vicente, São Paulo state, grew up in a working-class family amid economic hardship in a poor neighborhood prone to crime and drug issues. His father, Gilvan de Souza, worked various manual jobs including as a bricklayer and door-to-door salesman to support the household, while his mother, Marina da Silva Souza, served as a caterer. The family's modest circumstances underscored the challenges of Robinho's early life, yet they prioritized his football development, which provided an escape from local perils. A significant family trauma occurred in November 2004 when Marina da Silva Souza was kidnapped at gunpoint from her home; she was held for 40 days before release following a ransom payment reportedly exceeding R$400,000 (approximately $150,000 USD at the time). Robinho publicly appealed for privacy for his family during the ordeal, highlighting their vulnerability due to his rising fame with . No siblings are documented in available records, suggesting Robinho may have been an only child, with parental focus centered on his upbringing and career. Robinho has maintained a long-term relationship with his wife, Vivian Guglielminetti, whom he met as a teenager; the couple married in 2009 in a lavish ceremony in Santos. They have three children—two sons, including Robson de Souza Júnior (known as Robinho Jr.), and one daughter—who reside with Vivian in Santos, near . The family has provided consistent support amid Robinho's professional highs and lows, including during his imprisonment starting in 2024, where visitation rules limit contact to first-degree relatives such as his wife, children, and parents, typically once monthly. Vivian and Robinho Jr. have been regular visitors, reflecting enduring familial bonds despite external pressures.

Off-field lifestyle and behavioral patterns

Robinho maintained an exuberant off-field lifestyle characterized by frequent nightlife engagements and social gatherings, habits often attributed to cultural norms prevalent among Brazilian footballers. These patterns included staying out late after international matches, such as following Brazil's 5–0 victory where he missed a return flight from South America during his Real Madrid period, prompting a public apology. At Real Madrid, he once extended a night out to 4 a.m. on a Valencia dance floor, responding dismissively to managerial concerns about punctuality. During his 2008–2010 stint at Manchester City, Robinho regularly patronized venues like the Pau Brasil restaurant and Deansgate Locks bars, receiving preferential access due to his profile. He hosted lively barbecues at his residence featuring pool games, loud music, and DJ equipment, often with teammates and friends, extending into late hours. In a 2017 interview, he acknowledged his "party-goer" reputation there, claiming English players like , , and socialized more often, though Brazilian players faced stricter club scrutiny. Such behaviors occasionally disrupted professional duties, including skipping English lessons, arriving late to a team charity bowling event on 14 December 2008, and departing a Tenerife training camp prematurely in early 2009 to attend a birthday party in Brazil without notifying staff. Management under imposed nominal fines to maintain discipline but largely accommodated these patterns given Robinho's status as the club's record signing for £32.5 million. He favored casual attire over formal club suits, citing language barriers, and formed a "Samba table" with Brazilian colleagues at the training canteen, underscoring his preference for informal, joyful camaraderie.

Sexual assault conviction

The 2013 Milan incident

In 2013, while playing as a forward for AC Milan, Robinho participated in the gang rape of a 22-year-old Albanian woman at a nightclub in Milan. The incident involved Robinho and five other Brazilian men, including his friend Ricardo Falco, who encountered the victim—celebrating her birthday—inside the venue. After purchasing multiple drinks for her, the group led her to a secluded area within the nightclub, where they forcibly sexually assaulted her despite her resistance and pleas to stop. The victim, who had been plied with alcohol to the point of intoxication, later reported the assault to Milan police, providing a detailed account corroborated by medical examinations confirming non-consensual intercourse and physical trauma. , then 29 years old, was identified as a primary participant through witness statements, CCTV footage from the nightclub showing the group with the victim, and subsequent phone intercepts where he discussed the events with Falco, acknowledging the woman's lack of consent but dismissing it casually. The court later described Robinho's actions as involving deliberate belittlement and brutal humiliation of the victim during the assault.

Italian trial evidence and initial verdict

On November 23, 2017, a Milan court convicted Robinho, whose full name is Robson de Souza, in absentia of participating in the gang rape of a 22-year-old Albanian woman, sentencing him to nine years in prison and ordering him to pay €60,000 in damages to the victim. The court determined that the assault occurred on October 22, 2013, at the Sio Café nightclub in Milan, where Robinho and five other Brazilian men allegedly plied the victim with alcohol until she was unconscious, then sexually assaulted her in a private room without her consent. Robinho's trial proceeded alongside that of co-defendant Ricardo Falco, a friend who was also convicted and sentenced to the same term; proceedings against the other four suspects were suspended due to their unknown whereabouts. Key evidence included the victim's testimony detailing her incapacitation from excessive alcohol consumption—confirmed by toxicological reports—and the subsequent non-consensual acts by the group, which the court classified as a form of violence enabled by collective action and the victim's inability to resist or consent. Intercepted phone conversations between Robinho and Falco were central, revealing discussions of the incident where they admitted to group sexual activity with the heavily intoxicated woman and attempted to fabricate a false alibi to mislead investigators, including claims of mutual consent despite her condition. Witness statements from nightclub staff corroborated the victim's account of being isolated and the group's behavior, while the court rejected Robinho's defense of consensual relations, citing the evidence of humiliation and belittlement toward the victim in communications. Robinho, who did not attend the hearings, maintained his innocence through his legal team, asserting no participation in the assault and vowing to appeal the decision, which was placed on hold pending further proceedings; Brazil's policy against extraditing nationals prevented immediate enforcement. The initial ruling emphasized the coordinated nature of the offense, with the judges finding that the defendants exploited the victim's vulnerability from intoxication to commit the crime. Robinho's initial conviction by a Milan court in November 2017 was appealed through Italy's judicial system. The Milan Court of Appeal upheld the nine-year sentence in December 2020, and Italy's Supreme Court of Cassation definitively rejected the final appeal on January 19, 2022, confirming the guilty verdict for the 2013 gang rape. Following the exhaustion of Italian appeals, Italy's Justice Ministry issued an international arrest warrant for Robinho on February 16, 2022, but Brazil's constitution prohibits extradition of nationals, prompting Italy to request enforcement of the sentence within Brazil under a bilateral treaty. Brazilian authorities admitted the request in March 2023, transferring jurisdiction to evaluate the foreign judgment's validity and execution. Brazil's Superior Court of Justice (STJ) reviewed the case, with a majority of judges ruling on March 20, 2024, to recognize the Italian conviction as valid and mandate that serve the full nine-year term in a Brazilian prison, rejecting arguments that the foreign trial lacked due process equivalents under Brazilian law. Robinho was arrested the following day, March 21, 2024, in Santos, initially held in a police station before transfer to a penitentiary. Robinho's defense immediately appealed the STJ decision to Brazil's Supreme Federal Court (STF), seeking to suspend enforcement pending review of claims including insufficient evidence and procedural irregularities in the Italian proceedings, though no stay was granted at the time of arrest. The enforcement reflects Brazil's obligations under international conventions while adapting foreign sentences to domestic standards, such as converting the term to begin from the original Italian conviction date.

Imprisonment and ongoing effects

On March 20, 2024, Brazil's Superior Court of Justice ruled to enforce Robinho's nine-year sentence for the 2013 gang rape conviction in Italy, determining that he would serve it in a Brazilian facility due to the country's constitutional prohibition on extraditing nationals. He was arrested the following day, March 21, 2024, in Santos by federal police and transferred to Penitenciária II de Tremembé, a semi-open regime prison in São Paulo state. In September 2025, Brazil's Supreme Federal Court rejected his final appeal against the conviction and sentence enforcement by a majority vote, solidifying his imprisonment status as of October 2025. Within Tremembé, Robinho has adapted to prison life by taking on informal roles, including coaching the facility's internal football team in tournaments, leveraging his professional background. He has also pursued vocational training in electronics repair to develop skills for potential post-release employment. These activities reflect limited privileges in the semi-open regime, which allows daytime work or study outside under supervision but requires nightly return to the facility; however, his high-profile status has drawn scrutiny over conditions, including shared cells with other inmates convicted of serious crimes. The conviction has irrevocably terminated Robinho's professional football involvement, preventing any return to coaching or playing roles outside prison and erasing prospects for international rehabilitation or endorsements that defined his pre-conviction earnings as a former multimillionaire athlete. Personally, it has strained family ties, with reports of separation from his wife and children amid public condemnation, though some Brazilian supporters continue to express solidarity, viewing the Italian verdict as potentially biased against foreigners—a perspective not upheld by Brazilian courts. Financially, the sentence imposes ongoing restrictions, including asset freezes sought by Italian authorities for victim reparations, compounding the reputational damage that began with the 2017 initial verdict and escalated through failed appeals.

Post-playing career

Managerial roles at Santos

In August 2020, following Cuca's appointment as head coach on 7 August, Robinho returned to Santos in a capacity intended to leverage his extensive experience with the club, including mentoring aspects beyond active playing. Cuca explicitly described Robinho as a reinforcement "inside and outside the field," highlighting his character and potential to contribute to team morale and development of younger players amid the club's challenges. However, no formal head or assistant coaching position was documented in club announcements or match involvement during this period. Robinho signed a five-month playing contract on 10 October 2020 for a nominal salary of R$1,500 per month, slightly above Brazil's minimum wage at the time, but did not feature in competitive matches. The arrangement faced immediate backlash from sponsors, fans, and women's rights groups due to his pending appeal in the 2013 Milan sexual assault case, leading Santos to suspend the contract on 19 October 2020. This effectively ended any prospective coaching or advisory contributions at the club, with no subsequent roles reported. Cuca expressed dissatisfaction with the decision, considering resignation, but remained in charge.

Activities during incarceration

Robinho, imprisoned since March 20, 2024, at Penitenciária II ("P2") de Tremembé in São Paulo state, Brazil, engages primarily in sports and educational activities within the facility. His routine centers on football, where he participates in inmate matches, often borrowing cleats from fellow prisoners, and has taken on a coaching role for a team in the prison's internal tournament. In addition to athletics, Robinho has access to the prison's gym for physical training and has enrolled in a basic electronics course focused on television repair, aiming to acquire vocational skills. He is also permitted to attend other programs, including English classes, theater workshops, and music sessions, though reports indicate variable participation in reading or non-vocational courses. Prison officials report that Robinho maintains a structured schedule integrating these pursuits, contributing to his reported efforts at self-reform during the nine-year sentence.

Career statistics and records

Club performance data


Robinho's club career featured stints at several prominent teams, with performance varying by league and role. His statistics across all competitions, as tracked by , highlight strong output in Brazil compared to Europe. In total, he recorded over 500 appearances and 150 goals.
ClubAppearancesGoals
Santos (multiple stints)21391
Real Madrid13735
14432
Atlético Mineiro10938
Manchester City5316
Sivasspor6216
Guangzhou Evergrande93
İstanbul Başakşehir324
These figures encompass league matches, cups, and continental competitions, though assists data is incomplete for earlier periods. Robinho's goal tally peaked in domestic , reflecting adaptation challenges in Europe where defensive structures limited his flair-based style. For instance, in Premier League play with Manchester City, he scored 14 goals in 41 appearances during the 2008-09 season before declining output led to his departure.

International appearances and goals

Robinho earned 100 caps for the Brazil national team between 2003 and 2017, scoring 28 goals. He made his debut on July 13, 2003, in a 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup match against Mexico, entering as a substitute. His first international goal came on February 9, 2005, against Hong Kong in a friendly. In major tournaments, Robinho contributed significantly to Brazil's successes. During the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup, he helped secure the title, scoring key goals including in the final against Argentina. He repeated this in the 2009 edition, where Brazil again triumphed. At the 2007 Copa América, Robinho led Brazil to victory as the tournament's top scorer with six goals, including a hat-trick against Chile in the group stage. Robinho appeared in two FIFA World Cups. In 2006, he made four substitute appearances as Brazil reached the quarterfinals. In 2010, he started all five matches, scoring twice: once against North Korea in the group stage and once against Chile in the round of 16, though Brazil exited in the quarterfinals against the Netherlands. He also participated in the 2011 and 2015 Copa Américas, but Brazil did not win those editions.
TournamentAppearancesGoals
FIFA World Cup92
Copa América117
FIFA Confederations Cup105
CONCACAF Gold Cup20
His international career highlighted his flair and goal-scoring ability in attack, though inconsistent form at times limited his starts in later years. Brazil won one and two Confederations Cups with Robinho in the squad.

Honours

Club titles won

Robinho won major club titles across multiple leagues, primarily with in Brazil, Real Madrid in Spain, and in Italy. With , he secured the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A in 2002 during his breakthrough season, contributing to the club's national dominance. He added a second Série A title in 2004 before departing for Europe. Returning on loan in 2010, he helped win the that year. At Real Madrid from 2005 to 2008, Robinho claimed two consecutive La Liga titles in the 2006–07 and 2007–08 seasons, part of the club's league success under multiple managers. He also lifted the Supercopa de España in 2008. During his stint at AC Milan from 2010 to 2014, he contributed to the title in the 2010–11 season, with Milan clinching it via a 0–0 draw against Roma on May 7, 2011. The following year, he won the Supercoppa Italiana in 2011. Later career moves yielded additional honors: the Chinese Super League with Guangzhou Evergrande in 2015, and the Süper Lig with Istanbul Başakşehir in the 2019–20 season.
ClubCompetitionYear(s)
Santos FCCampeonato Brasileiro Série A2002, 2004
Santos FCCopa do Brasil2010
Real MadridLa Liga2006–07, 2007–08
Real MadridSupercopa de España2008
AC MilanSerie A2010–11
AC MilanSupercoppa Italiana2011
Guangzhou EvergrandeChinese Super League2015
Istanbul BaşakşehirSüper Lig2019–20

International accolades

Robinho represented Brazil at the international level from 2003 to 2015, earning 100 caps and scoring 28 goals. His primary accolades came from tournament victories with the national team. He won the in 2007, contributing six goals to Brazil's eighth title in the competition. Robinho was the tournament's top scorer, earning the Golden Boot for his performance, which included decisive strikes in the knockout stages against Chile and Uruguay. Robinho also secured two FIFA Confederations Cup titles with Brazil, in 2005 and 2009. In the 2009 edition, hosted in South Africa, he scored the winning goal in the 2–0 semi-final victory over the United States on June 25, 2009, helping Brazil defeat the United States 3–2 in the final to claim the trophy.

References

  1. https://www.transfermarkt.us/robinho/profil/spieler/15511
  2. https://www.sportskeeda.com/player/robinho
  3. https://www.transfermarkt.us/robinho/erfolge/spieler/15511
  4. https://robinho-brazil.com/stats/
  5. https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/39781819/robinho-starts-9-year-prison-sentence-rape-brazil
  6. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-68632912
  7. https://www.goal.com/en-us/lists/ex-real-madrid-brazil-robinho-appeal-overturn-nine-year-prison-sentence-rape-rejected-majority-vote/blt8c58795088abca7c
  8. https://robinho-brazil.com/biography/
  9. https://mabumbe.com/people/robinho-bio-age-net-worth-career-family-relationships/
  10. https://blog-ng.msport.com/index.php/all-news/sports-stories/robinho-from-madrid-to-prison-the-sad-story-of-how-this-star-never-quite-shined
  11. https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/robinho-11942.php
  12. https://m.allfootballapp.com/news/Serie-A/From-Poverty-to-Power-Footballers-who-grew-up-poor---South-American-edition/2658668
  13. https://www.jasminedirectory.com/recreation-sports/football/detail%2C567909450%2Crobinho-a-comprehensive-biography.html
  14. https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/11/sports/soccer-robinho-learns-the-dark-price-of-fame-in-brazil.html
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  16. https://robinhoofficial.com/en/biography.asp
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  18. https://www.sportskeeda.com/player/robson-de-souza
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  20. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vRN3u4uCc0U
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  24. https://fbref.com/en/players/f034613c/Robinho
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  28. http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football/manchester-city-fc/robinho-10047/premiership-appearances_a17754/
  29. https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/37424952/the-signing-robinho-changed-manchester-city-forever
  30. https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/08/19/robinho-the-manchester-city-diaries/
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  36. https://onefootball.com/en/news/what-robinho-did-during-his-milan-spell-39245819
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  40. https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1439827-robinho-assessing-his-form-for-ac-milan-and-can-he-be-a-factor-at-brazil-2012
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  53. https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/ex-man-city-real-madrid-star-robinho-rejoins-santos-for/aszzah2vslbn1vte13k7lq02c
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  57. https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/37607828/brazil-santos-suspend-robinho-contract-amid-public-outcry
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  95. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8t69bkOqW4A
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  120. https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/esportes/noticia/2024/04/mesmo-preso-robinho-e-liberado-para-partidas-de-futebol-aulas-de-ingles-teatro-e-musica-na-cadeia-cluk08hmt00ga01bdkpiwtwww.html
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  122. https://defato.com/esportes/114480/robinho-completa-um-ms-na-priso-saiba-a-rotina-do-ex-atleta
  123. https://www.otempo.com.br/sports/futebol-nacional/2025/3/29/saiba-como-e-a-rotina-de-robinho-na-prisao
  124. https://robinho-brazil.com/
  125. https://www.celebritynetworth.com/richest-athletes/richest-soccer/robinho-net-worth/
  126. https://www.besoccer.com/player/palmares/robinho-27171
  127. https://robinhoofficial.com/en/get_to_know_robinho
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