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Sutton and East Surrey Water plc,[1] trading as SES Water, is the UK water supply company to its designated area of east Surrey, West Sussex, west Kent and south London serving in excess of 282,000 homes and businesses and a population of approximately 675,000 people.

Key Information

An area of 322 square miles (830 km2), extending from Morden and South Croydon in the north to Gatwick Airport in the south, and from Cobham and Dorking in the west to Edenbridge and Bough Beech in the east forms the company's supply area.

Corporate status

[edit]

Sutton and East Surrey Water (trading as SES Water since 2017) is a public limited company registered in England and Wales with company number 2447875, that is not Stock Exchange listed, and is East Surrey Water plc renamed following a 1996 merger.[7][n 2]

In 2013, the Japanese trading company Sumitomo Corp. acquired Summit Water UK Ltd, the holding company of Sutton and East Surrey Water plc for £164.5m. Later in the year Sumitomo sold half of the holding in Summit Water to Osaka Gas Co., with the joint venture being renamed as Sumisho Osaka Gas Water UK Ltd.[8]

In January 2024, Pennon Group (who also own South West Water, Bristol Water and Bournemouth Water) acquired SES Water from Sumitomo Corp. in a £380mn deal. [9][10]

History

[edit]

Surrey has few surface water sources, but two major aquifers, one of chalk and the other of Lower Greensand, across the county from east to west. To the north of SES Water's area, the chalk appears as outcrops from the tertiary beds which lie on top of it, and there are springs at the Bookhams, Fetcham, Leatherhead and Sutton as a consequence. Further south, the aquifers are reached by wells, with the deepest wells used to extract water from the chalk aquifer. That at Polesden Lacey is 510 feet (155 m) deep.[11]

The area was initially served by a number of small water companies, each supplying water to its local population. The setting up of water companies was made easier by the Waterworks Clauses Act 1847 (10 & 11 Vict. c. 17), which enabled new companies to be created by obtaining a special act, rather than needing a full act of Parliament. The new legislation meant that the powers of such companies were standardised.[12] Sutton and East Surrey Water has been formed by a number of mergers and takeovers of these smaller companies.

East Surrey Water

[edit]
Map of the component companies that amalgamated to become Sutton and East Surrey Water
Caterham Spring Water Company's Act 1862
Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long titleAn Act for incorporating a Company, under the Title of "The Caterham Spring Water Company," for better supplying with Water the Inhabitants of Caterham and the Neighbourhood thereof.
Citation25 & 26 Vict. c. lxxxiii
Dates
Royal assent30 June 1862
Text of statute as originally enacted

The development of a public water supply in the Sutton and East Surrey area can be traced back to 1859, when a small housing development took place on Caterham Hill. The builder, a Mr. Drew, thought he would enhance the value of the development by providing a water supply, so constructed a borehole and some short lengths of water main, together with a pumping engine. However, the costs of running the plant were higher than he had anticipated, and he found a group of businessmen who were keen to buy it. Following the opening of the London and Brighton Railway in 1841, a community had been established at "Red Hill" or Warwick Town, and as it was growing fast, the businessmen were keen to supply it with water. They obtained a special act of Parliament, the Caterham Spring Water Company's Act 1862 (25 & 26 Vict. c. lxxxiii), which established the Caterham Spring Water Company, with a mandate to supply drinking water to Bletchingley, Caterham, Chaldon, Coulsdon, Earlswood, Godstone, Nutfield, Redhill, Reigate and Warlingham.[13] Despite early struggles, the company developed, and by 1880 were supplying water to two-thirds of Redhill and a number of villages, but their water supplies were inadequate, and they looked to find other sources.

Caterham Spring Water Company's Act 1881
Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long titleAn Act to authorise a lease of the Kenley Waterworks to the Caterham Spring Water Company; to increase the number of directors of the Company, and to enable them to raise further money; and for other purposes.
Citation44 & 45 Vict. c. ccvii
Dates
Royal assent22 August 1881
Text of statute as originally enacted
East Surrey Water Act 1885
Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long titleAn Act to extend the District of the Caterham Spring Water Company to change their Name to authorise the company to raise additional Capital and for other purposes.
Citation48 & 49 Vict. c. xxviii
Dates
Royal assent21 May 1885
Text of statute as originally enacted

A little to the north, the Kenley Waterworks Company had been founded in 1869 with several wells, but the area between Caterham and Purley was at the time sparsely populated, and so there were few customers for the water. Following discussions between them, there was an amalgamation under the Caterham Spring Water Company's Act 1881 (44 & 45 Vict. c. ccvii). Parliament sanctioned an extension of their area of supply southwards to the Sussex border in 1884, and under the East Surrey Water Act 1885 (48 & 49 Vict. c. xxviii), the companies merged to become the East Surrey Water Company. They continued to expand, taking over a number of smaller water supply companies.[13]

East Surrey Water Act 1896
Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long titleAn Act to authorise the transfer of certain Waterworks to the East Surrey Water Company and to extend the limits of supply of and confer further powers upon that Company and for other purposes.
Citation59 & 60 Vict. c. cxxvii
Dates
Royal assent20 July 1896
Text of statute as originally enacted

Reigate Water Works Company had been established in 1858 to serve the population of Reigate, and in 1896, opted to sell its assets to East Surrey Water. The Corporation of Reigate were unaware of this, and when they learned of it, attempted to delay the parliamentary bill which would have formalised the deal. When this ploy failed, they tried to remove the town clerk from office, for his failure to notify the council of the deal. The town clerk was also a director of Reigate Water Works Company. Reigate Corporation also failed in this course of action, and so resorted to promoting a rival bill, which would have allowed them to alter the rates and charges that East Surrey Water could set. Their action caused widespread hostility in the press, and a compromise was eventually reached, with East Surrey Water making small changes to the charges for baths and additional water closets, and the East Surrey Water Act 1896 (59 & 60 Vict. c. cxxvii) was passed. Expansion continued, with capital works including 26 miles (42 km) of new mains in 1900 and 23 miles (37 km) in 1901. This included a new trunk main from Kenley through Purley to Merstham in 1900 and another from Merstham to Nutfield in 1901. A new borehole was built in Purley in both years, and the company attracted 758 new consumers in 1900 and 551 in 1901.[12]

Leatherhead and District Waterworks Act 1883
Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long titleAn Act for incorporating and conferring Powers on the Leatherhead and District Waterworks Company.
Citation46 & 47 Vict. c. xvii
Dates
Royal assent31 May 1883
Other legislation
Repealed byEast Surrey Water Order 1963
Status: Repealed
East Surrey Water Act 1927
Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long titleAn Act to provide for the transfer to the East Surrey Water Company of the undertaking of the Leatherhead and District Waterworks Company to extend the area of supply of the East Surrey Water Company and authorise them to raise additional capital and for other purposes.
Citation17 & 18 Geo. 5. c. civ
Dates
Royal assent29 July 1927
Text of statute as originally enacted

Leatherhead and District Water had been established in 1883, when the Leatherhead and District Waterworks Act 1883 (46 & 47 Vict. c. xvii) was granted which created the company, and authorised them to build wells and a pumping station on land close to the River Mole and the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway, in the parish of Fetcham, just to the west of Leatherhead. This was connected by a pipeline to two service reservoirs, both in Leatherhead, which were used to supply water to Leatherhead, Ashtead, Mickleham, Fetcham, Great Bookham, Little Bookham, Stoke D'Abernon, Church Cobham and Street Cobham, now both part of Cobham.[14] The act received royal assent on 31 May 1883.[15] They also drew water from a borehole in Waterway Road, where the original buildings lasted until 1992, when they were demolished to make way for housing.[16] Leatherhead became the next area to join East Surrey Water, when it was taken over under the East Surrey Water Act 1927 (17 & 18 Geo. 5. c. civ).[17] The act extended East Surrey Water's area of supply to include all of the area then supplied by Leatherhead and District Water, and also included the village of Effingham. A large pumping station was built in the 1930s, next to the original Waterway Road works, which was equipped with diesel pumps to transfer the water to the new Elmer Works on Hawks Hill. Diesel engines were subsequently replaced by electric motors. [16] Elmer Works is labelled a water softening works on the 1935 Ordnance Survey map.[18] The source of water for the Leatherhead pumping station is still a series of ten artesian wells near the millpond at Fetcham.[19]

Leatherhead pumping station was built in the 1930s to pump water to Elmer Treatment Works
Limpsfield and Oxted Water Act 1888
Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long titleAn Act for dissolving the Limpsfield and Oxted Water Company (Limited) for re-incorporating the proprietors therein with others and for conferring powers on the Company so to be incorporated and for other purposes.
Citation51 & 52 Vict. c. cvi
Dates
Royal assent24 July 1888
Text of statute as originally enacted
Limpsfield and Oxted Water Act 1902
Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long titleAn Act to authorise the Limpsfield and Oxted Water Company to make additional waterworks to extend the limits of supply of the Company to raise additional capital to confer further powers upon the Company and for other purposes.
Citation2 Edw. 7. c. xl
Dates
Royal assent28 April 1902
East Surrey Water Act 1921
Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long titleAn Act to confer further powers on the East Surrey Water Company.
Citation11 & 12 Geo. 5. c. xliii
Dates
Royal assent28 July 1921

The Limpsfield and Oxted Water Company was formally established by the Limpsfield and Oxted Water Act 1888 (51 & 52 Vict. c. cvi), but was not the first company to supply water to that area, since the act gave powers to dissolve a limited company with the same name, and to incorporate the shareholders into a new company. The new company could supply water for public and private use to the villages of Limpsfield, Oxted, Titsey, Tatsfield, Edenbridge and parts of Westerham. They were empowered to build two new reservoirs (numbered 3 and 4), both located in Limpsfield, and several pipelines, and to purchase the land on which the existing works of the limited company were situated, which included two reservoirs (numbered 1 and 2), a pumping station, and a meter chamber, all of which were located in Limpsfield.[20] The act received royal assent on 24 July 1888.[21] The company petitioned for another act of Parliament, the Limpsfield and Oxted Water Act 1902 (2 Edw. 7. c. xl), to allow them to increase their share capital, to build another reservoir and a well or wells with an associated pumping station in Limpsfield, and to extend their area of supply to include Cowden in Kent.[22] It was granted on 23 June 1902.[23] The company had maintained their charges at the same level since incorporation in 1888, but applied for the East Surrey Water Act 1921 (11 & 12 Geo. 5. c. xliii) to increase charges by one third.[24]

Chelsham and Woldingham (Temporary Increase of Charges) Order 1920
Statutory Rules and Orders
Parliament of the United Kingdom
CitationSR&O 1920/981
Dates
Made23 June 1920
Other legislation
Made under
Chelsham and Woldingham Waterworks (Modification of Charges Order) 1923
Statutory Rules and Orders
Parliament of the United Kingdom
CitationSR&O 1923/863
Dates
Made30 July 1923
Other legislation
Made under

The origins of the Chelsham and Woldingham Water Company are a little more difficult to trace. In 1884 the Caterham Spring Water Company presented a bill which would give them powers to take over various water works which already existed or were in the process of construction in the parishes of Chelsham and Woldingham, and to dissolve the company which owned them once they had been taken over.[25] However, the Chelsham and Woldingham Waterworks Company Limited were still independent in 1910, when they applied to the Board of Trade, using the provisions of the Gas and Water Works Facilities Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 70), for an order to allow them to continue providing water to Chelsham, Woldingham, and parts of Limpsfield, Oxted and Titsey, excluding the area already serviced by Limpsfield and Oxted Water. At the time they operated a borehole and pumping station in Chelsham, together with a tank and covered reservoir in Woldingham. The Chelsham and Woldingham Water Order 1910 (SR&O 1920/981), confirmed by the Water Orders Confirmation Act 1910 (10 Edw. 7 & 1 Geo. 5. c. xciv), stated that the supply of water did not have to be constant, and that there was no requirement to supply it at a pressure greater than could be obtained by gravitation.[26] The company obtained the Chelsham and Woldingham (Temporary Increase of Charges) Order 1920 to temporarily increase charges, but when a further order, the Chelsham and Woldingham Waterworks (Modification of Charges Order) 1923 (SR&O 1923/863), was obtained from the Ministry of Health, the charges were 6.6 per cent lower than the temporarily order allowed.[27]

East Surrey Water Act 1930
Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long titleAn Act to provide for the transfer to the East Surrey Water Company of the undertakings of the Limpsfield and Oxted Water Company and the Chelsham and Woldingham Waterworks Company Limited to extend the area of supply of the East Surrey Water Company and authorise them to raise additional capital and for other purposes.
Citation20 & 21 Geo. 5. c. lxi
Dates
Royal assent4 June 1930
Text of statute as originally enacted

In 1929, East Surrey Water presented a bill to Parliament which would allow them to take over Chelsham and Woldingham Water and Limpsfield and Oxted Water. While the Limpsfield and Oxted Water Company was to be dissolved, they retained an option to alter the aims and objectives of the Chelsham and Woldingham Water Company, and for it to continue. The East Surrey Water Act 1930 (20 & 21 Geo. 5. c. lxi) extended their jurisdiction, enabling them to supply water to Chiddingstone, Hever, parts of Brasted and Penshurst, all in Kent, and Hartfield in Sussex.[28] Following these takeovers, they had 250,000 customers, supplying them with around 6 million imperial gallons (27 Ml) of treated water per day.[13]

Dorking has had a public water supply from 1738, when a waterworks was built by Resta Patching, a local Quaker. The works was close to Pipp Brook, accessible from Church Street, and drew water from a spring. Pumps were operated by the flow of the brook, but because the water had to be paid for, not all of the residents were happy. The spring became polluted in the mid-nineteenth century, and the works closed.[16][29] There is a building on the site of the works, which contains part of one of the original pumps in its cellar, and carries a plaque stating "R P Waterworks erected 1738", but the building itself, which is Grade II listed, dates from the nineteenth century.[30]

Dorking Water Act 1869
Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long titleAn Act for better supplying with Water the parish of Dorking in the county of Surrey.
Citation32 & 33 Vict. c. cxxv
Dates
Royal assent26 July 1869
Dorking Water Act 1900
Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long titleAn Act for empowering the Dorking Water Company to raise additional capital and for other purposes.
Citation63 & 64 Vict. c. xxxix
Dates
Royal assent25 June 1900
East Surrey Water Order 1958
Statutory Instrument
Parliament of the United Kingdom
CitationSI 1958/2060

The Dorking Water Company was formally established in 1869, following the passing of the Dorking Water Act 1869 (32 & 33 Vict. c. cxxv).[31] They dug a 300-foot (91 m) well on Harrow Road East. A steam-driven pump was housed in a pumphouse, and pumped the water to a reservoir on Tower Hill. In 1902, a new pumping station was built on Station Road, and the old one was converted to housing in 1919. The second pumphouse was replaced by a new works with boreholes on Beech Close in 1939.[16] The company was absorbed by East Surrey Water in 1959.[17] The amalgamation was authorised by the East Surrey Water Order 1958 (SI 1958/2060), which came into effect on 1 January 1959. Dorking Water as a company was dissolved on 4 November 1960.[32] Dorking museum have several documents relating to the early waterworks, including records connected with a sale of the waterworks, dating from 1848,[33] sale of the public waterworks dating from 1850,[34] seven maps of Dorking at 1:500 scale showing the network of water mains dating from 1868-1870,[35] and a poster advertising the sale of machinery from the Old Waterworks dating from 1878.[36] East Surrey Water built a new works on Beech Close in 1965, with pumping controlled by electric motors, and diesel generators to maintain operations during a power cut.[29]

Ministry of Health Provisional Order Confirmation (East Surrey Water) Act 1935
Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long titleAn Act to confirm a Provisional Order of the Minister of Health relating to the East Surrey Water Company.
Citation25 & 26 Geo. 5. c. lxx
Dates
Royal assent2 August 1935
Text of statute as originally enacted
East Surrey Water Order 1963
Statutory Instrument
Parliament of the United Kingdom
CitationSI 1963/657
Other legislation
Made underWater Act 1945
East Surrey Water Order 1987
Statutory Instrument
Parliament of the United Kingdom
CitationSI 1987/1434
Dates
Made6 August 1987
Commencement7 August 1987
Other legislation
Made underWater Act 1945
Text of statute as originally enacted

In 1968, East Surrey Water finished building their only surface water reservoir, at Bough Beech. A dam, around 0.5 miles (0.80 km) long was built at its southern end, to create a reservoir which is about 1.25 miles (2.01 km) long. Five small streams flow through the area and into the reservoir, but this only accounts for one fifth of the water supply. The rest is pumped from the River Eden from an abstraction point at Chiddingstone, generally during the winter months. Some 50 acres (20 ha) at the northern end are set aside as a nature reserve, which is managed by the Kent Ornithological Society, while the southern end is used for fishing and sailing.[37] Since 1999, the adjacent works has included a purpose-built education centre, which is used by large numbers of school children, and the educational programme has been awarded a Quality Badge by the Department for Education's learning outside the classroom scheme.[38]

Sutton District Water

[edit]
Sutton District Waterworks Act 1871
Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long titleAn Act for better supplying with water Sutton, Cheam, and other places in the county of Surrey.
Citation34 & 35 Vict. c. xv
Dates
Royal assent25 May 1871
Text of statute as originally enacted
Sutton District Waterworks Act 1887
Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long titleAn Act to authorise the Sutton District Water Company to raise further capital and for other purposes.
Citation50 & 51 Vict. c. lxxxix
Dates
Royal assent5 July 1887
Text of statute as originally enacted

In a quite separate development, the Sutton and Cheam Water Company was established in 1863, with offices on Carshalton Road. They built a reservoir where Ventnor Road meets Brighton Road, and laid a series of water mains within the parish of Sutton. They obtained the water from wells dug into the underlying chalk aquifer.[13] In 1871, they promoted a bill to dissolve the company, and to re-incorporate it, either with the same or a different name. The new company would be responsible for supplying potable water to Banstead, Beddington, Carshalton, Cheam, Cuddington, Ewell, Morden, Sutton, Wallington and Woodmansterne. The principal works which they already owned were a well with a pumping station and other works in Sutton, a reservoir (designated number 1) in Sutton, a second reservoir (designated number 2) on Banstead common, pipework connecting the pumping station to reservoir 1, and pipework connecting reservoir 1 to reservoir 2. The Sutton District Waterworks Act 1871 (34 & 35 Vict. c. xv) empowered them to build reservoir number 3 at Banstead, to duplicate the pipework from the pumping station to reservoir 1, and to construct a new pipeline from reservoir 2 to reservoir 3. Among the miscellaneous provisions were the right to "break up and interfere with" streets, roads, lanes, bridges and other places, in order to install water mains.[39] The company was renamed, becoming Sutton District Water.[13] They obtained a second act of Parliament, the Sutton District Waterworks Act 1887 (50 & 51 Vict. c. lxxxix), which allowed them to increase their capital by issuing more shares, and to supply water in bulk to various types of authorities and companies, which were not necessarily within their area of supply. In order to facilitate this, they were granted the same powers to lay water mains in private roads as they held for public roads, and there was specific provision for the supply of water meters.[40]

Sutton District Waterworks Act 1903
Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long titleAn Act to authorise the Sutton District Water Company to construct additional waterworks acquire lands and raise further moneys and for other purposes.
Citation3 Edw. 7. c. xviii
Dates
Royal assent30 June 1903
Text of statute as originally enacted
Sutton District Waterworks Act 1906
Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long titleAn Act for the preservation of the sources of water supply of the Sutton District Water Company and for other purposes.
Citation6 Edw. 7. c. clxxxviii
Dates
Royal assent4 August 1906
Water Provisional Order Act 1910
Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long titleAn Act to confirm a Provisional Order made by the Board of Trade under the Gas and Water Works Facilities Act 1870 relating to Sutton District Waterworks.
Citation10 Edw. 7 & 1 Geo. 5. c. xciii
Dates
Royal assent3 August 1910
Other legislation
Relates to
Text of statute as originally enacted

Under the terms of the East Surrey Water Act 1896 (59 & 60 Vict. c. cxxvii), there was some interchange of areas of supply between the two companies, particularly in Banstead, Kingswood and Ewell.[41] Two further acts were obtained; the Sutton District Waterworks Act 1903 (3 Edw. 7. c. xviii) and the Sutton District Waterworks Act 1906 (6 Edw. 7. c. clxxxviii), the latter prohibiting the abstraction of water by any other company within Sutton District Water's area of supply, for sale outside of that area.[42] They next applied to the Board of Trade for the Sutton District Waterworks Order 1910, confirmed by the Water Provisional Order Act 1910 (10 Edw. 7 & 1 Geo. 5. c. xciii), which allowed them to extend their area of supply to include Kingswood. Specific mention was made of two existing pipelines supplying the area, and authorisation for the construction of a third, to a new water tower in Kingswood, was obtained. There was also a general provision to enable them to alter some or all of the provisions of the acts of Parliament they had obtained in 1871, 1887, 1903 and 1906.[43] The water tower was built on Tower Road, Tadworth, and enabled them to supply Tadworth and the higher parts of Banstead. When it became surplus to requirements, the water tank was removed from the top and it was converted into a house.[13]

Sutton District Waterworks Act 1915
Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long titleAn Act to authorise the Sutton District Water Company to raise further moneys and for other purposes.
Citation5 & 6 Geo. 5. c. lvi
Dates
Royal assent15 July 1915
Other legislation
Repealed by
  • Sutton District Water Company (Constitution and Regulation) Order 1989
Status: Repealed
Text of statute as originally enacted
Sutton District Waterworks Act 1921
Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long titleAn Act to authorize the Sutton District Water Company to construct additional waterworks and for other purposes.
Citation11 & 12 Geo. 5. c. xxiv
Dates
Royal assent1 July 1921
Sutton District Waterworks Act 1929
Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long titleAn Act to authorise the Sutton District Water Company to raise additional capital to confer further powers upon the Company and for other purposes.
Citation20 & 21 Geo. 5. c. xxviii
Dates
Royal assent26 July 1929

Another act of Parliament was obtained the Sutton District Waterworks Act 1915 (5 & 6 Geo. 5. c. lvi), and a Board of Trade order to temporarily increase charges for the water supplied in 1919. They obtained a further act, the Sutton District Waterworks Act 1921 (11 & 12 Geo. 5. c. xxiv), which authorised the construction of wells and boreholes, together with a filtration plant and a softening plant on land they already owned in Cheam. From the works, a new pipeline led to a service reservoir on the east side of Cheam Warren. It included clauses to allow them to alter and vary the charges made, without the need for further parliamentary sanction, thus fomalising the order of 1919, to raise additional capital, and to alter any of the provisions of all of the previous acts and orders which governed their operation.[44] The main purpose of the Sutton District Waterworks Act 1929 (20 & 21 Geo. 5. c. xxviii) was to restructure the way in which the company was financed, and to allow them to raise additional capital. They also wanted to increase the amount of water they could abstract from the Cheam wells, by removing a provision of their 1921 act. Other changes included a provision to collect water rates in advance, to allow them to supply water to "caravans, shacks, huts, tents" and other similar structures, and to charge for water by volume when it was supplied to certain types of building.[45]

Sutton District Water Company (Constitution and Regulation) Order 1989
Statutory Instrument
Parliament of the United Kingdom
CitationSI 1989/2379
Dates
Made15 December 1989
Laid before Parliament21 December 1989
Commencement11 January 1990
Other legislation
Made underWater Act 1989
Text of statute as originally enacted

By 1958, the company had three works, at Sutton, Cheam and Woodmansterne, all of which abstracted water from deep wells in the underlying chalk aquifer. The hard water was treated with lime to soften it before being pumped to the distribution network. Each pumping station had diesel and electric pumps, and Sutton works also still had backup steam engines for pumping.[46]

Sutton and East Surrey Water

[edit]

East Surrey Water and Sutton District Water merged in 1996 to become [Sutton and East Surrey Water plc. It had its head office in Redhill, and moved into a new building on London Road on 2000. It is responsible for water supply to an area of 322 square miles (835 km2), providing this service to a population of 655,000 and to some 17,000 businesses, including Gatwick Airport. It produces around 35 million imperial gallons (160 Ml) of treated water per day, which it delivers through 2,100 miles (3,400 km) of water mains. In order to achieve this, it maintains 31 operation service reservoirs and water towers, 23 pumping stations, eight treatment works, and has one surface reservoir, at Bough Beech, near Edenbridge, Kent.[13] The treatment works are at Cheam, Elmer (near Leatherhead), Cliftons Lane in Reigate, Woodmansterne, Kenley, Godstone, Westwood (Clacket Lane, Tatsfield parish) and Bough Beech.[47] In October 2021 consumers supplied by the Westwood treatment works (properties in and around Oxted) were warned to boil all drinking water because of contamination by E.coli.[48]

Sutton and East Surrey Water are undertaking a series of major improvements, to ensure that all properties can be supplied with water from more than one works. This is being achieved in three stages, corresponding to the asset management plan (AMP) funding periods for UK water companies. Under AMP5, which covers 2010 to 2015, the capacity of Bough Beech works was increased from 45 Mld (megalitres per day) to 55 Mld, and two new trunk mains were installed. This increased the proportion of the area of supply connected to two works from 11 per cent to 36 per cent. This will be further increased to 56 per cent under AMP6, covering 2015 to 2020, by increasing the capacity of Woodmansterne works from 35 Mld to 50 Mld, upgrading Woodmansterne pumping station, and installing another four trunk mains. During AMP7, covering 2020 to 2025, they hope to have all customers supplied by more than one works, by a further upgrade to Bough Beech works, increasing its capacity from 55 Mld to 70 Mld, and installing the final two trunk mains.[49]

SES Water

[edit]

Despite its business name remaining Sutton and East Surrey Water plc, the company began trading as SES Water in February 2017.[50]

Timeline

[edit]

A timeline indicating the component companies that amalgamated to form Sutton and East Surrey Water Company

Notes and references

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

SES Water

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
SES Water, officially known as Sutton and East Surrey Water plc and trading as SES Water since 2017, is a water-only utility company in the that supplies treated to over 750,000 customers across a 322-square-mile area in parts of , , , and , including locations such as , Merton, Sutton, , , , , , and Edenbridge. The company sources approximately 85% of its water from and 15% from reservoirs, treating it at eight treatment works before distributing around 160 million litres daily through an extensive network of infrastructure. Acquired by plc on 10 January 2024 for £89 million, with approval from the received on 14 June 2024, SES Water operates as a wholly owned subsidiary within Pennon's structure and is regulated by to ensure high standards of service, , and . The company's origins trace back to the mid-19th century, with the founding of the Spring Water Company in to serve growing Victorian communities, followed by the establishment of the Sutton and Water Company in 1863. Key mergers shaped its evolution: in 1885, Spring merged with Water to form the East Water Company; the 1950s saw a union with Water; and in 1996, Sutton District Water combined with East to create Sutton and East Water, the predecessor to SES Water. Over the decades, SES Water has modernized its operations, including 1970s upgrades to computer and radio systems, a major 2010s renovation at the Bough Beech Treatment Works, and in 2021 becoming the first water company to deploy intelligent leakage detection technology. In recent years, SES Water has prioritized sustainability and resilience, investing £22.4 million in capital projects during 2023/24 for infrastructure enhancements, pipe replacements, and metering, while achieving a 15% reduction in leakage since 2020 and maintaining industry-leading water quality. The company supports vulnerable customers through initiatives like the Water Support Scheme, benefiting over 22,000 households with bill reductions, and its 'Here For You' program for financial assistance, contributing to high satisfaction rates among those receiving priority services at 85%. Under Ofwat's PR24 final determination (December 2024) for 2025-2030, SES Water has a total expenditure allowance of £367 million to improve network reliability, reduce household water use by 10%, achieve a 16% reduction in leakage, and enhance environmental outcomes.

Overview

Company profile

SES Water, originally formed as Sutton and East Surrey Water plc in 1996 through the merger of Sutton District Water and East Surrey Water, rebranded to SES Water in 2017 to reflect its broader regional operations. The company operates as a , registered in under number 02447875, with its headquarters at 66-74 London Road, , RH1 1LJ, . Since 10 January 2024, it has been a wholly owned of plc. As a -only , SES Water focuses exclusively on supplying treated to residential and commercial customers, without providing services. It delivers approximately 160 million litres of daily to approximately 0.8 million people across its service area. In the financial year ending 31 March 2025, SES Water reported revenue of £82.7 million and employed an average of 372 staff. Supply interruptions increased to 26 minutes and 16 seconds per property per year as of 2025, due to specific incidents, compared to 3 minutes and 36 seconds in the prior year, with over 99% compliance in preventing outages longer than 3 hours in 2024. SES Water emphasizes sustainability, particularly in water efficiency and resource management, with initiatives including a 15% reduction in leakage since 2020—reaching 21.5 megalitres per day as of 2025, a 3% decrease from the previous year—and programs to promote customer water-saving measures. These efforts align with long-term targets, such as a 27% leakage reduction from 2019 levels by 2030 and net-zero emissions by 2050.

Service area

SES Water operates across a 322-square-mile area encompassing east , parts of , west , and . The supply zone stretches from and in the north to in the south, and from Cobham, , and in the west to Edenbridge in the east. The core coverage includes the London boroughs of , Merton, and Sutton, which account for 44.5% of customer accounts, alongside districts such as , , Tandridge, and , and areas including and . Approximately 0.6% of accounts lie in and Mid Sussex districts of , as well as in . The company serves approximately 0.8 million people through over 278,000 households and more than 13,000 non-household sites, including businesses like as its largest customer. This base blends urban households in suburbs, where 57% of properties are flats or terraced homes, with rural users in the countryside, featuring more detached and dwellings at 61.4%. Population density differs markedly, with 44.5% of customers concentrated in less than 15% of the area in the denser , compared to sparser rural zones in , , and . Metering coverage stands at 66% overall, rising to 72.5% in and but lower at 64% in due to the prevalence of multi-occupancy buildings. Metered households face an average annual water bill of approximately £211, reflecting volume-based charges that encourage conservation. Key challenges in the region include projected 3.2% adding about 9,400 households by the mid-2030s, alongside an aging demographic that heightens needs for water-dependent medical uses like dialysis. Demand fluctuates seasonally, with peaks straining resources amid tourism in the Hills and industrial activity in , where non-household use contributes significantly.

History

Early development

The origins of SES Water trace back to the mid-19th century, amid Victorian public health reforms driven by recurrent outbreaks that highlighted the urgent need for improved sanitation and reliable water supplies in growing urban areas. The Public Health Act 1848 marked a pivotal shift, empowering local boards to address contaminated water sources and establish organized supply systems, setting the stage for private water companies to emerge as key providers. In this context, the Sutton and Cheam Water Company was established in 1863 to serve the parish of Sutton, initially drawing from deep wells in the local chalk strata to supply households directly via emerging pipe networks. This company, incorporated under private shareholder ownership, focused on gravity-fed distribution from hand-pumped wells and early covered reservoirs, enabling residential expansion beyond limited local springs. By 1871, it was reincorporated as the Sutton District Water Company through the Sutton District Water Works Act, extending its supply limits to include Ewell and Cuddington parishes and incorporating steam-driven pumps for more efficient extraction. These developments addressed immediate public health needs while operating on a shareholder-funded model typical of the era's water undertakings. Similarly, the Caterham Spring Water Company formed in 1862 to provide water to areas including , , , , , Nutfield, , Redhill, and Earlswood, relying on wells and open sand pit reservoirs for initial gravity-fed systems. In 1885, under the East Surrey Water Act, it merged with the Kenley Water Company to create the East Surrey Water Company, consolidating operations and expanding infrastructure with additional and pumping stations to serve a broader rural and suburban footprint in east . (https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/East_Surrey_Water_Co) Early facilities, such as those at , utilized natural gravel filtration in adopted pits, reflecting the era's rudimentary yet innovative approaches to harnessing before widespread treatment technologies. Key expansions in the early included the Sutton District Water Company's growth to cover surrounding suburbs, supported by reservoirs and chlorination for and sterilization, ensuring compliance with rising bacteriological standards. The East Surrey Water Company acquired the Dorking Waterworks in the 1950s, integrating additional wells and distribution mains to meet population demands. These private entities navigated legislative frameworks emphasizing , though both world wars strained maintenance efforts through material shortages, labor diversions, and damage from air raids, prompting deferred repairs and efficiency drives. The Water Act 1973 further reshaped the landscape by facilitating amalgamations of smaller water entities into larger regional authorities, addressing fragmentation and pre-nationalization inefficiencies in supply management across .

Mergers and rebranding

The of the under the Water Act 1989 transformed statutory water companies into private entities, enabling East Surrey Water to become East Surrey Water plc in 1989, with its constitution and regulation updated via the East Surrey Water (Constitution and Regulation) Order 1989. Similarly, Sutton District Water underwent parallel that year, establishing it as a under the Sutton District Water Company (Constitution and Regulation) Order 1989, allowing both firms to operate independently in their respective supply areas while accessing private capital for infrastructure improvements. On 1 April 1996, East Surrey Water plc and Sutton District Water plc merged to form Sutton and East Surrey Water plc, combining their assets to serve over 700,000 customers across parts of , , and . The merger, approved by the water industry regulator , aimed to achieve through shared operational resources and reduced administrative costs, leading to a mandated 5% price reduction for customers in 1999-2000 to pass on these benefits. Integration involved harmonizing water treatment processes, such as aligning operations at the works in the late 1990s, alongside regulatory approvals to ensure compliance with environmental and service standards. In February 2017, Sutton and East Water plc rebranded its wholesale business—responsible for household supply—as SES Water, simplifying the name to better reflect its coverage across the South East and regions. The initiative included an updated logo featuring a modern water droplet design and targeted customer communications to explain the change without disrupting service continuity, timed ahead of the non-household retail market opening in 2017. This rebranding enhanced the company's market positioning by streamlining its identity amid increasing competition, particularly in areas overlapping with Thames Water's supply zone, while bolstering overall drought resilience through the consolidated asset base from the 1996 merger.

Key milestones

  • 1885: East Surrey Water Company formed by merger of Caterham Spring Water Company and Kenley Water Company.
  • 1863: Sutton and Cheam Water Company established to supply water in the Sutton area.
  • 1959: East Surrey Water Company acquired Dorking Waterworks, expanding its regional coverage.
  • 1989: Both East Surrey Water and Sutton District Water were privatized under the Water Act 1989, becoming public limited companies.
  • 1996: Sutton District Water merged with East Surrey Water to form Sutton and East Surrey Water.
  • 2013: acquired full ownership of Sutton and East Surrey Water.
  • 2017: The company rebranded to SES Water.
  • 2024: acquired SES Water for £89 million on 10 January.
  • 2024: issued the final PR24 price review determination on 19 December 2024, setting allowances for the 2025-2030 period, including investments in and leakage reduction.

Operations

Water supply processes

SES Water sources approximately 85% of its water supply from groundwater extracted via 33 boreholes primarily tapping into the North Downs Chalk, Confined Chalk, and Lower Greensand aquifers. These boreholes, such as those at Chipstead and Riverhead, draw from sustainable underground reserves in areas including Surrey and Kent, with average daily abstraction supporting a deployable output of around 182 megalitres per day under baseline conditions. The remaining 15% comes from surface water abstracted from the River Eden, which is impounded in the Bough Beech Reservoir before treatment. Raw water undergoes treatment at eight works, where processes include to remove gases and odors, to eliminate particulates, and disinfection via chlorination combined with ammoniation to form for residual protection against . Additional steps involve softening through pellet reactors at sites like Elmer, , and Woodmansterne to reduce hardness from the chalky , as well as targeted treatments for pesticides and UV disinfection at select facilities such as the Secombe Centre. is not added during treatment; levels present are naturally occurring from geological sources. Treated water meets Drinking Water Inspectorate standards, including below 1 NTU to align with guidelines for safe . Quality assurance involves comprehensive monitoring, with over 120,000 tests conducted annually on more than 13,000 samples from sources, treatment works, distribution systems, and customer taps. These tests cover over 50 parameters, including microbiological indicators like E. coli (limit: 0 per 100 ml), chemical contaminants such as lead (limit: 10 μg/l) and nitrates (limit: 50 mg/l), and physical properties like (6.5–9.5). As of 2023, compliance exceeds 99.99% overall, with 100% for disinfection processes, as verified by the UKAS-accredited laboratory and annual reports to the Inspectorate. To manage demand and minimize losses, SES Water implements a universal metering program aiming for 93% household penetration by 2030, including smart metering rollouts that enable real-time consumption insights and targeted savings of up to 5.11 megalitres per day from households. employs acoustic sensors and NB-IoT-enabled loggers across 355 district metered areas, using AI-driven analysis for near real-time identification of bursts and reducing to a target of 22.1 megalitres per day by the end of the current regulatory period, representing about 14% of total supply. In emergencies, SES Water follows a tiered drought plan with triggers based on groundwater levels at monitoring sites like Chipstead and reservoir storage at Bough Beech. Demand-side measures include customer awareness campaigns and Temporary Use Bans (hosepipe restrictions) at Level 2, achieving 1.5–8.5% savings, escalating to Non-Essential Use Bans at Level 3a for up to 13.5% peak reduction. Supply-side responses involve drought permits for additional abstraction, such as from the River Eden. Extreme scenarios (Level 4, once in 500 years) invoke Drought Orders, potentially deploying standpipes and rota cuts after 4–5 months of preparation. The plan was updated in 2022 amid national dry conditions and further revised in 2024 to incorporate Chipstead as the primary trigger borehole, though no bans were ultimately imposed in SES Water's area during the 2022 event. As of October 2025, the company is operating under drought level 1.

Infrastructure and resources

SES Water's distribution network comprises over 2,100 miles of water mains that transport treated water from sources to customers across its service area. These mains primarily consist of for older sections, with modern replacements increasingly using plastic materials such as to enhance durability and reduce leakage. The network ensures reliable delivery from treatment facilities to taps, supported by ongoing replacement programs targeting aging . The company's storage and pumping infrastructure includes 31 operational service reservoirs with a total capacity of approximately 362 million litres, providing essential buffering against demand fluctuations. Complementing this are 34 potable pumping stations equipped with variable speed drives to optimize energy use and maintain pressure throughout the system. These assets collectively support the daily supply of around 160 million litres of to over 750,000 customers. Treatment facilities form the core of SES Water's processing capabilities, with eight main water treatment works handling from diverse sources. Key sites include Bough Beech (with a maximum deployable output of 21.3 million litres per day), , Elmer, and Woodmansterne, supplemented by 33 boreholes that provide about 85% of the company's supply. These facilities achieve a combined peak production capacity of 244 million litres per day, enabling resilience during high-demand periods like droughts. Under the Asset Management Period 8 (AMP8) from 2025 to 2030, SES Water plans to invest over £367 million in infrastructure upgrades, emphasizing enhanced resilience to climate change impacts such as droughts and flooding. This includes refurbishments at treatment works like and Bough Beech, as well as network reinforcements to mitigate outages and support sustainable operations. SES Water relies on sustainable abstraction licenses issued by the to manage its and extractions responsibly. These licenses incorporate Catchment Abstraction Management Strategies and National Environment Programme requirements, with ongoing assessments to phase in reductions—potentially up to 29 million litres per day by 2050 under high scenarios—to protect river flows and ecosystems. is modeled using lumped parameter approaches integrated with UKCP18 climate projections, evaluating deployable output across 33 sources to forecast amid changing patterns.

Governance

Ownership history

Following the privatization of the English in , SES Water's predecessor companies, Sutton District Water and East Surrey Water, were listed on the London , resulting in by a diverse group of public shareholders. This structure persisted after their merger in 1996 to form Sutton and East Surrey Water (later rebranded as SES Water), until the company was acquired by Aqueduct Capital in 2006, shifting it to institutional . By early 2013, Aqueduct Capital held full control of the company through its holding entity. In February 2013, Japanese trading conglomerate Sumitomo Corporation acquired 100% of SES Water from Aqueduct Capital for £164.5 million, marking the company's first foreign ownership and emphasizing its stable regulatory environment and infrastructure assets. Later that year, in September 2013, Sumitomo sold a 50% stake to Osaka Gas Co., Ltd., establishing a Japanese consortium under the holding company Sumisho Osaka Gas Water UK Limited (SOGWUK), with each partner retaining equal ownership. This partnership focused on long-term value creation through operational enhancements and regulatory compliance in the UK water sector. During the 2013–2024 period under the Sumitomo-Osaka Gas consortium, SES Water prioritized infrastructure investments to improve supply resilience and meet environmental standards, committing over £200 million in across network upgrades, leakage reduction, and initiatives. These efforts supported the company's , including the 2020–2025 , which allocated significant funding to sustainable amid growing demand in southeast England. In January 2024, plc, a UK-based and owner of , acquired 100% of SOGWUK from the Japanese for an enterprise value of £380 million (with a cash consideration of £89 million), integrating SES Water into its portfolio as a wholly owned subsidiary. The transaction, approved by regulators including , aimed to leverage synergies in non-sewage operations, enhancing Pennon's scale to serve approximately 4.3 million and boosting its regulated return by an estimated 7%. For the sellers, the divestment aligned with Sumitomo's broader portfolio optimization in infrastructure assets.

Regulation and compliance

SES Water operates under a stringent regulatory framework in , primarily overseen by the Water Services Regulation Authority (), which handles economic regulation including and performance incentives through periodic reviews such as the PR24 process that sets tariffs and investment allowances for 2025-2030. The enforces environmental standards, issuing abstraction licenses and monitoring compliance with discharge permits to protect water resources and reduce pollution risks. Additionally, the Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI) conducts audits to ensure safety, assessing compliance with quality standards and investigating any events. Key performance targets include limiting unplanned supply interruptions to an average of under three hours per annually, capping leakage at around 20-25 megalitres per day through targeted reductions, and achieving scores above 70% in Ofwat's C-MeX metrics, with a focus on vulnerability support rated at 81% satisfaction. targets emphasize minimal contacts for taste, odour, or appearance issues, supported by investments exceeding £12 million over the next five years to maintain a low Compliance Risk Index of 0.01. In 2023-24, SES Water met for supply interruptions and leakage, ranking as a top performer in interruptions while achieving industry-leading leakage reductions. In 2024-25, performance was mixed: leakage reached its lowest ever level and remained industry-leading with a Compliance Risk Index of 0.00, but supply interruptions increased to 26 minutes and 40 seconds per property (below ) and unplanned outages deteriorated to 4.01% of peak capacity, resulting in an overall "lagging behind" categorization by . SES Water maintains a strong compliance record, with no major fines or enforcement actions reported in recent years and top rankings from the DWI for , including zero serious incidents. The company has avoided boil water notices in most areas since the early 2010s, though isolated precautionary notices occurred in 2021 due to potential risks that were swiftly resolved. Customer complaints related to taste and odour remain low, often linked to internal plumbing rather than supply issues. The company submits annual data via Ofwat's June Return, providing transparent metrics on operations, finances, and environmental impact, alongside detailed annual performance reports. Reporting includes tracking, with 2023-24 emissions at 24,551 tonnes CO₂e (location-based), reflecting a 43% shift to electric or hybrid vehicles. SES Water commits to net-zero operational emissions by 2030, aligning with industry-wide pledges. Looking ahead to the AMP8 period (2025-2030), regulatory obligations under PR24, which was accepted by in January 2025, mandate resilience investments totaling £367 million, including a 16% leakage reduction, 14% cut in , and enhanced infrastructure to address climate risks like and flooding, while maintaining high water quality standards. These measures aim to build long-term without significant bill increases, with average household charges projected to decrease by £6 pre-inflation.

References

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