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Arthur Ernest Moore (29 April 1887 – 20 January 1949) was a Welsh wireless pioneer who is said to have heard the distress signal from RMS Titanic on his home-made equipment before news of the disaster reached Britain. He subsequently worked for the Marconi Company, helping to develop radio and sonar.

Key Information

Early life

[edit]

Arthur Ernest Moore[2] was born in Pontllanfraith, near Blackwood, where his father owned Gelligroes Mill.[3]

At a young age Moore was involved in an accident at the mill which resulted in the loss of the lower part of one of his legs. For the rest of his life, he wore a wooden leg.[3] By the age of ten, Moore had developed an interest in amateur engineering and he adapted a bicycle to cater for his wooden leg.[4]

At some point prior to 1909, most likely in his early teenage years, using a hand-made lathe driven by the waterwheel at the mill, Moore built a working model of a horizontal steam engine. The model won a competition in Model Engineer magazine; the prize, a book by Sir Oliver Lodge entitled Modern Views of Magnetism and Electricity, awakened his interest in wireless.[4]

After Moore and his brother took over operation of the mill from their father, they used a generator coupled to the mill wheel to charge batteries to provide electrical power for local farmers, who were not yet connected to the mains supply;[3] they also created machinery for them.[4]

Home-made wireless station

[edit]

In a garden shed and later in the loft of the mill, Moore built a rudimentary radio station consisting of a coherer-based receiver and a spark-gap transmitter, also powered by batteries charged from the mill wheel.[3] He strung copper wire across the Sirhowy River and uphill to a barn to create a large aerial system that enabled him to receive distant signals.[4] In 1911, he intercepted the Italian government's declaration of war on Libya and was featured on the front page of the London newspaper the Daily Sketch.[3][4]

Using the spark-gap transmitter technology of the time, Moore together with his friend Richard Jenkins, an electrical engineer at the local coal mine, made what was probably the first use in Wales of amateur wireless for business purposes. Having set up a second transmitting and receiving station at Ty Llwyd farm, owned by Jenkins's father which was located approximately three and a half miles south of Gelligroes at Ynysddu, Moore received an order over the air for grain to be delivered from the mill to the farm.[citation needed]

RMS Titanic claim

[edit]

Early on 15 April 1912, over a distance of more than 3,000 miles (4,800 km), Moore heard the distress signal in morse code from Titanic. He bicycled to the police station in Caerphilly, where his report was discounted;[3][4] two days later, press reports confirmed the accuracy of his report, including that the ship's wireless operator had used "SOS" in addition to the older "CQD" code for a ship in distress.

Wireless career

[edit]

In summer 1912, the publicity surrounding Moore's hearing the Titanic's distress signal led the then Monmouthshire Education Committee to offer him a scholarship to the British School of Telegraphy in London.[3] After three months of study, he was advised by the principal there to enter for a Government examination in Wireless Telegraphy and Morse Code, in which he was successful.[citation needed]

Guglielmo Marconi, the wireless pioneer, had predicted a range of above 2,000 miles (3,200 km) for wireless reception, which Moore had greatly exceeded. After a local resident wrote to him concerning Moore, Marconi visited him and offered him a position as a draughtsman at the Marconi Company.[3][4] Appointed in 1914 to the Ship Equipment Department, he worked for Marconi's companies for the rest of his career.[3]

During the First World War, Moore became a technician in "special Admiralty fittings", working on the clandestinely armed Q-ships and designing and supervising the installation of wireless equipment on the Invincible-class battlecruisers HMS Invincible and HMS Inflexible to enable them to communicate with Britain on their mission to the Falkland Islands.[3][4] He later became assistant to Captain H.J. Round and worked with him on the further development of the thermionic valve.[citation needed]

At war's end, he was transferred to Liverpool, where he headed the newly formed Ship Equipment Department.[3] In 1923, he was transferred to the Marconi International Marine Communication Company and appointed manager at Avonmouth, where he remained until his retirement in 1947.[3] In 1922 he patented an early form of sonar;[3] during the Second World War, his sonar work was instrumental in helping Allied ships avoid German U-boats in the North Atlantic.[4]

Later life and death

[edit]

Soon after his retirement, Moore developed leukaemia; he moved to Jamaica to recuperate, but six months later returned to Britain, where he died in a convalescent home in Bristol on 20 January 1949.[3][4]

Legacy

[edit]

Moore inspired local wireless enthusiasts to create in 1927 the Blackwood Transmitters Club, later the Blackwood Amateur Radio Society.[citation needed]

The Artie Moore Amateur Radio and Historical Preservation Society are creating an Artie Moore archive and periodically transmit from Gelligroes Mill with the amateur radio callsign MW0MNX, based on Moore's MNX.[3]

References

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
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Artie Moore

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from Grokipedia
Arthur Ernest "Artie" Moore (1887 – 20 January 1949) was a pioneering Welsh and inventor, best known for receiving the distress signals from the RMS Titanic on 15 April 1912 using a homemade station at his family's mill in Gelligroes, near Blackwood, , from over 3,000 miles away. As one of the first individuals worldwide to intercept the ship's and calls, Moore's feat marked a significant early demonstration of long-distance radio communication, though his urgent reports to local authorities were initially dismissed as unbelievable. Despite a childhood that resulted in the of his leg, Moore's self-taught expertise in and propelled him from managing a local water mill to becoming a key figure in the development of technology. Born in Pontllanfraith during Queen Victoria's reign, Moore was the eldest son of miller William Moore and grew up immersed in the industrial rhythms of rural . A early mishap at the family mill left him with a , but this did not deter his inventive spirit; he adapted by constructing a counterbalance for his and later built a model powered by a waterwheel lathe, earning a prize book on magnetism and that ignited his passion for wireless experimentation. Alongside his brother, Moore modernized the Gelligroes Mill by installing one of the region's first waterwheel-driven generators and owned some of Gwent's earliest motorcars, while also designing for local farmers. His amateur setup, housed in a garden shed and powered by self-made batteries and the mill's , allowed him to achieve groundbreaking intercepts, including a coded Italian government message declaring war on in , which brought him initial recognition. Moore's Titanic interception catapulted him into professional circles; himself visited the mill, impressed by the sophistication of Moore's equipment, and offered him employment with the . During , he served as a in the Royal Navy, leading the installation of wireless systems on battleships and contributing to transatlantic communication advancements, including designs for Britain-to-Falkland Islands links. In the interwar years, Moore fitted the first wireless set on a Welsh in 1922 and patented the "Echo-meter" in 1932, an early precursor to technology that later aided in locating the Titanic wreck in 1985. Retiring in 1947 after a brief stint in , Moore returned to Britain and passed away from in a Bristol convalescent home at age 61, leaving a legacy as a self-made innovator who bridged amateur hobbyism with professional radio engineering.

Early Life

Birth and Family Background

Arthur Ernest Moore, known as Artie, was born on 29 April 1887 in , a village now part of . The Moore family resided at Gelligroes Mill, a water-powered corn mill likely constructed in the early , where they had taken over operations in 1874 to grind barley and wheat for local farmers. Artie's father, William Moore, served as the miller, managing the daily work of milling and supplying feed and seeds to the surrounding agricultural community. The family generated their own electricity using a dynamo connected to the mill's water wheel, an innovative setup that powered household needs and later supported Artie's early experiments. In the working-class environment of late 19th-century industrial South Wales, dominated by coal mining and related trades, families like the Moores contended with economic pressures that restricted formal education to basic elementary levels, often ending by age 10 despite the 1880 Education Act's provisions. This milieu of manual labor and self-reliance at the mill fostered Moore's nascent interest in engineering and mechanics.

Childhood Accident and Self-Education

As a child, Artie Moore suffered a severe at his family's Gelligroes Mill in Pontllanfraith, , resulting in the of part of one leg below the while operating machinery. The injury necessitated a wooden , which he learned to navigate with remarkable despite the physical limitations it imposed. This setback, occurring in the mechanical environment of the family mill, fostered his early curiosity about rather than deterring him. During his recovery, Moore demonstrated ingenuity by crafting early inventions from scavenged materials available around the mill, including a working model , which he entered in a competition in Model Engineer magazine around and for which he won a prize book on and . To compensate for his mobility challenges, he also devised a counterbalance mechanism that allowed him to ride using one leg, showcasing his budding problem-solving skills. These creations highlighted his resourcefulness and laid the foundation for a lifelong pursuit of mechanical innovation. Lacking formal education beyond basic schooling, Moore pursued self-taught knowledge in mechanics and by observing the mill's operations and studying on the subjects, including the on electricity and magnetism he won from the model competition, which sparked his interest in experimentation. His learning was practical and independent, drawing from the industrial rhythms of the water-powered mill and accessible texts, which equipped him with the foundational skills that would later define his contributions to technology. This path underscored his resilience, transforming personal adversity into a drive for technical mastery.

Wireless Experiments

Construction of Home Station

In the loft of Gelligroes Mill near , Artie Moore constructed his homemade station around 1910, leveraging the mill's resources for both workspace and power. The station relied on a waterwheel-driven to generate , which charged batteries not only for the apparatus but also for nearby residents' sets, demonstrating Moore's practical adaptation of local infrastructure. This self-taught assembly drew on his earlier mechanical ingenuity, honed through building a waterwheel-powered in the mill to craft small engines. The setup featured a coherer-based receiver and a , typical of the era's rudimentary technology that predated vacuum tubes and required manual operation. For the aerial, Moore strung long, thin copper wires from the mill across the River Sirhowy and between trees to an old barn on the hillside, creating an extended antenna to capture distant signals. Initial limitations in range were addressed through nighttime operations, when reduced atmospheric interference from sunlight improved signal propagation. Moore's resourcefulness shone in assembling the station from salvaged and locally sourced parts, collaborating occasionally with colliery engineer while primarily relying on his own experiments. This homemade system, operational by 1911, exemplified the constraints and innovations of early 20th-century amateur wireless, where enthusiasts like Moore pushed beyond conventional expectations using basic electrolytic and mechanical components.

Early Signal Interceptions

In 1911, Artie Moore began achieving successful receptions with his rudimentary home wireless station, tuning into local broadcasts, signals from European land stations, and transmissions from ships navigating the Atlantic and coastal waters. Among these were signals from ships in the Atlantic and coastal waters, as well as European land stations. These early feats demonstrated his growing proficiency in Morse code decoding and antenna tuning, often under suboptimal conditions with limited equipment. A pivotal moment came in September 1911, when Moore intercepted a transmission approximately 1,000 miles distant, announcing Italy's impending declaration of war on the over in the . He meticulously transcribed the Morse-coded message, which detailed the mobilization orders, and promptly shared the details with local officials and the press in , predating public announcements by hours. This interception highlighted the potential of amateur wireless for long-distance communication, bridging the gap between distant geopolitical events and remote communities. Moore encountered significant challenges in these efforts, including atmospheric interference from weather and ionospheric conditions that frequently disrupted signal clarity and reliability in the nascent era of spark-gap transmitters. To confirm the accuracy of his receptions, he cross-referenced his notes against subsequent reports, such as those in The Daily Sketch, which validated the war declaration details on 7 October 1911 with a front-page feature on his achievement. The publicity from this and prior interceptions drew local recognition, culminating in a of £35 awarded by the Monmouthshire Higher Education Committee on 22 September 1911 to support his advanced training at a London institution; an additional £5 was granted later that year for supplementary studies. This financial aid marked an early validation of Moore's self-taught talents and paved the way for his deeper involvement in radio technology.

Titanic Distress Signal

Receiving the SOS

In the early hours of 15 April 1912, 24-year-old Artie Moore was operating his homemade station alone in a shed at Gelligroes Mill near Blackwood, , when he began intercepting faint signals. The transmissions bore the call sign "MGY," which Moore identified as that of the RMS Titanic, and included the traditional distress signal "" alongside the newly introduced "." The initial message reported: "CQD SOS from MGY. We have struck an . Sinking. Position 41°46'N 50°14'W." Moore transcribed further desperate pleas over the next two hours, including "We are putting the passengers off in small boats. Women and children in boats, cannot last much longer—come as quickly as possible; our engine-room is filling up to the boilers" and " Titanic. We are sinking fast. Passengers are being put into boats. Titanic," until the signals abruptly ceased as the ship foundered. This extraordinary reception spanned approximately 2,300 miles (3,700 km) across the Atlantic, beyond the typical nighttime limit of about 2,000 miles for amateur wireless setups like Moore's, which relied on a waterwheel-powered generator and self-made components from his earlier experiments.

Initial Reporting and Confirmation

Upon receiving the distress signals from the RMS Titanic in the early hours of 15 April 1912, Artie Moore acted swiftly to alert authorities. He rushed to the local police station in , to report the sinking ship and its position, but the officers dismissed the claim as a , laughing it off given the vessel's reputation as unsinkable and the novelty of long-distance wireless communication. Moore, perceived as an eccentric "oddball" tinkering with experimental technology often likened to "," faced widespread skepticism from the local community, where amateur was not taken seriously and no immediate action was pursued. His detailed log of the transmissions, including the coordinates and the pioneering use of the code, went unheeded at the time. Confirmation arrived that afternoon when newspapers, starting with the , reported the disaster based on transatlantic wireless relays, validating Moore's account as it aligned with official logs from professional stations like in Newfoundland. This led to local interviews and a burst of fleeting fame in , drawing attention to his homemade setup and highlighting the potential of , though no formal recognition followed in 1912.

Professional Career

Entry into the Marconi Company

Following the recognition of his amateur wireless achievements, in September 1911, Artie Moore was awarded a scholarship by the Monmouthshire Education Committee to attend the British School of Telegraphy in London for three months of formal training. This institution, equipped with Marconi wireless apparatus, provided structured instruction that built upon Moore's self-education, particularly in direction-finding methods for locating signal sources and advanced transmission technologies essential for reliable long-distance communication. The training equipped him with professional skills in wireless installation and operation, marking his transition from hobbyist to industry-prepared engineer. His demonstrated expertise during the 1912 Titanic distress signal interception, which boosted his credibility among wireless professionals, led to an invitation in late 1912 to join the Marconi Wireless Telegraphy Company as a draughtsman. In this initial role within the company's engineering department, Moore contributed to the design of wireless systems, applying his formalized knowledge to practical applications in maritime communications. With the outbreak of in 1914, Moore attempted to enlist in but was reassigned to a technical capacity due to his childhood disability—a resulting from a mill accident. In this position, focusing on naval projects, he designed wireless installations for Q-ships—decoy vessels used to lure and destroy German U-boats—and battlecruisers, enhancing the Royal Navy's communication capabilities during early wartime operations. These efforts supported secure signaling and coordination at sea, drawing on his training in direction-finding to improve signal accuracy under combat conditions.

Innovations and Wartime Contributions

During his tenure at the , Artie Moore contributed to several technical advancements in technology, most notably patenting the Echometer in 1932, an early echo-sounding device that used acoustic echoes for underwater depth measurement, predating more advanced systems and improving maritime navigation safety. This invention reflected Moore's practical expertise in applying principles to acoustic detection, allowing ships to continuously monitor water depth beneath their keels without mechanical leads. In World War I, following his entry into the Marconi Company in late 1912, Moore worked as a technician on special Admiralty fittings for Q-ships, disguised merchant vessels designed to lure and destroy German U-boats by incorporating concealed armaments and reliable wireless systems for coordination with naval forces. He also supervised the installation of wireless telegraphy equipment on the Invincible-class battlecruisers HMS Invincible and HMS Inflexible, enabling these vessels to maintain secure communications during their 8,000-mile voyage to engage German forces in the Battle of the Falkland Islands in December 1914. Moore's wartime role extended into World War II as manager of Marconi's Avonmouth factory from 1923 until his retirement in 1947, where he oversaw the production of critical and direction-finding equipment that supported Allied naval operations, including and ship-to-shore communications essential for convoy protection against threats. Under his leadership, the facility ramped up output to meet wartime demands, contributing to the reliability of radio systems that facilitated naval victories in the Atlantic theater.

Later Years

Management Roles and Retirement

In 1923, Arthur Ernest "Artie" Moore was transferred to the Marconi International Marine Communication Company and appointed manager of the wireless station at , near , , a role he held for the next 24 years. In this capacity, he oversaw the installation of wireless equipment on vessels, managed station operations, and trained radio operators, leveraging his extensive experience from earlier positions in the Marconi Ship Equipment Department. Following the end of in 1945, Moore's management at emphasized the resumption of commercial maritime radio services, including support for transatlantic ship-to-shore communications that had been vital for global trade and passenger liners prior to the war. The station under his leadership handled routine for merchant and fishing fleets, contributing to the post-war recovery of international shipping networks. Moore retired from the in 1947 at age 60 due to deteriorating health. Despite his physical challenges, including a from a childhood , he maintained an interest in radio technology during retirement, though his activities were limited by illness.

Death and Personal Life

Following his retirement from the in 1947, Artie Moore moved to for recuperation due to failing health and was soon diagnosed with ; he stayed there for approximately six months. His condition deteriorated, however, prompting his return to for medical care at a convalescent home in Bristol. Moore died there on 20 January 1949, at the age of 61. His burial location remains unknown, with no specific gravesite recorded in available historical accounts. Throughout his life, Moore demonstrated remarkable personal resilience, having lost the lower part of one leg in a childhood at his family's mill yet persisting in his passion for radio experimentation and despite the resulting . Limited details exist on his family life beyond his role as the eldest son of local miller William Moore, with no records of a or children identified in contemporary sources.

Legacy

Influence on Amateur Radio

Artie Moore's reception of the Titanic's in 1912 profoundly inspired the community in , particularly in the working-class mining valleys of . Local wireless enthusiasts, motivated by his achievement with rudimentary equipment, founded the Blackwood Transmitters Club in 1927, which evolved into the Blackwood Society and remains active today as one of the oldest such groups in the region. This society directly credited Moore's feat as a catalyst for promoting self-reliant radio experimentation among ordinary people, fostering a culture of hands-on learning in an era when professional wireless was dominated by corporate entities like Marconi. Moore's emphasis on homebrewing further amplified his influence, as his low-cost, self-built setup—utilizing a coherer-based receiver, , and even a mill wheel for power generation—demonstrated that advanced communication was accessible without significant financial resources. In the resource-scarce industrial communities of Blackwood and Pontllanfraith, where many residents were miners or laborers, Moore's example encouraged working-class individuals to construct their own radios from scavenged materials, sparking a movement in that emphasized ingenuity over expense. His home station experiments at Gelligroes Mill served as a model for affordable , helping to democratize the hobby and inspire generations of hobbyists to pursue technical self-education. Moore's success also had a lasting educational impact, as his Titanic interception earned him a from the Monmouthshire Education Committee in 1912, enabling formal training at the British School of Telegraphy in , . This recognition not only advanced his own career but established a for supporting talent through structured technical education in the region, influencing local programs that integrated wireless training into vocational curricula for young workers. The Blackwood Society, building on this legacy, adopted a training model that provided mentorship and practical workshops, shaping technical education in by bridging hobbyist experimentation with professional skills development. In recent years, amateur radio operators have commemorated Moore through special events and call signs that honor his contributions. The Blackwood Amateur Radio Society periodically activates a station at Gelligroes Mill using the call sign MW0MNX, echoing Moore's original MNX designation, to demonstrate historical transmissions and engage new enthusiasts. During the Titanic centenary in 2012, operators used the special event call sign GB100GGM from the mill site to recreate his reception setup, highlighting his role in early long-distance radio and drawing international attention to his pioneering work.

Modern Recognition and Preservation

In the early , the Artie Moore Amateur Radio & Historical Preservation Society (AMARS) was formed to honor Moore's pioneering work in wireless communication, focusing on the preservation of his legacy at Gelligroes Mill in Pontllanfraith, . The society promotes while maintaining historical exhibits related to Moore's experiments, including aspects of his homemade station setup. Gelligroes Mill itself, restored in the 1990s, now functions as a cultural site housing a local dedicated to radio history, where visitors can learn about Moore's interception of the Titanic's distress signals from the very location. Moore's contributions have received renewed attention through various media commemorations. A 2023 article detailed his role as an "oddball" enthusiast who detected the Titanic's from over 3,000 miles away, emphasizing his overlooked impact on early radio history. During the 2012 Titanic centenary, Welsh events highlighted his story, including a commemorative display at the Winding House Visitor Centre in New Tredegar organized by a relative, Margaret Hopkins, which drew public interest to his Blackwood-area innovations. Additionally, a 2024 episode of the Unsinkable: The Titanic Podcast explored Moore's life, from his amateur beginnings to his Marconi career, underscoring his dream that began in a garden shed. Posthumous honors in Welsh history include a green plaque at Gelligroes Mill, installed to recognize Moore as a pioneer in who first received the Titanic's signal on April 15, 1912, from his home station. His 1932 patent for the Echo-meter, an early device for measuring depths, is noted in historical accounts as a foundational advancement in underwater technology, with ongoing relevance to maritime detection systems. Despite these efforts, coverage of Moore's full remains limited in digital formats during the , with opportunities for expanded online resources on his inventions and family connections yet to be fully realized.

References

  1. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-65398807
  2. https://www.southwalesargus.co.uk/news/14428359.how-blackwood-man-arthur-artie-moore-heard-the-titanics-radio-call-for-help/
  3. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/199557309/arthur-ernest-moore
  4. https://nation.cymru/feature/the-incredible-tale-of-the-welshman-who-picked-up-the-titanics-sos-calls-2/
  5. https://www.pressreader.com/uk/practical-wireless/20210311/281633897979862
  6. https://historypoints.org/index.php?page=gelligroes-mill-pontllanfraith
  7. https://www.orarc.org/?p=1134
  8. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa64919/Download/64919__29546__c99a2cd8b0b54e19a16e8aa756cd1ef9.pdf
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  10. https://www.gb100ggm.co.uk/artymoore.php
  11. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-65398807
  12. https://www.gw6gw.co.uk/local_history.html
  13. https://www.peoplescollection.wales/items/1844576
  14. https://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/community/threads/amateur-radio-heard-sos-in-welsh-town-2-000-miles-away.54887/page-12
  15. https://www.model-engineer.co.uk/forums/topic/mew-workshop-tales-artie-moore-and-titanic/
  16. https://www.radiosurvivor.com/2012/04/amateur-radio-on-the-front-lines-during-titanic-disaster/
  17. https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Titanic-anniversary-Wales-honors-radio-operator-3463192.php
  18. https://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/community/threads/when-did-titanic-news-hit-britain.51487/
  19. https://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/community/threads/amateur-radio-heard-sos-in-welsh-town-2-000-miles-away.54887/page-11
  20. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-12123639/How-Welshman-picked-Titanic-distress-calls-3-000-miles-away-ship-hit-iceberg-1912.html
  21. https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/apr/5/wales-remembers-its-connection-to-titanic-sinking/
  22. https://www.welshicons.org/wici/html/artie_moore.php
  23. https://www.g6oi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2025-02-Starlite.pdf
  24. https://www.worldradiohistory.com/BOOKSHELF-ARH/Technology/Technology-Early-Radio/Wireless-at-Sea-Hancock-1950.pdf
  25. https://www.sbarc.co.uk/special-events/mills-on-the-air/mills-2012/
  26. https://www.ssa.se/through-the-waves-titanic-och-artie-moore/
  27. https://new.millsarchive.org/mills/index/?which=10606
  28. https://www.southwalesargus.co.uk/news/9522880.blackwoods-radio-link-to-titanic-commemorated/
  29. https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/from-3-000-miles-away-artie-moore-and-a-wireless-dream/id1585578882?i=1000648551308
  30. http://openplaques.org/plaques/58618
  31. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-17582767
  32. https://www.ancestry.com/genealogy/records/results?firstName=artie&lastName=moore
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