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Danisco A/S is a Danish bio-based company with activities in food production, enzymes and other bioproducts as well as a wide variety of pharmaceutical grade excipients. It was formed in 1989 from the largest Danish industrial merger ever of the two old C.F. Tietgen companies Danish Sugar (founded 1872), and Dansk Handels- og Industri Company (Danisco A/S).[2][3]

Key Information

Danisco is one of the world's leading producers of ingredients for food and other consumer products and was also one of the biggest sugar producers in Europe until the divestment of its sugar division to Nordzucker[4] in 2009.

Headquartered in Copenhagen, the group has approximately 6,800 employees in more than 80 locations in 40 countries.[citation needed]

Danisco shares were listed on the Copenhagen Stock Exchange and a member of the blue chip OMX Copenhagen 20 index until June 2011, when DuPont completed[5] a US$6.3 billion acquisition of the company.[6] On February 1, 2021, DuPont's Nutrition & Biociences business unit, which includes Danisco, spun off from DuPont and merged with IFF through a Reverse Morris Trust transaction.[7]

Activities

[edit]

The company's activities were structured into two lines of business: Food Ingredients and Industrial enzymes. The Food Ingredients business supplied bio-based ingredients for food and beverage products and comprises the business segments Enablers, Cultures, and Sweeteners,[8] while the Industrial Enzymes business (handled by subsidiary Genencor) focuses on industrial biotechnology and encompasses business segments such as Fabric and Household Care (enzymes for laundry and dishwashing detergents), Technical Enzymes (enzymes for bioethanol and carbohydrate processing as well as textile treatment), and Food and Animal Nutrition (enzymes for bread, feed, and brewing applications).

Danisco also had two biochemical projects: DuPont Danisco Cellulosic Ethanol LLC, a biofuels joint venture with DuPont, and a project with Goodyear to develop a new type of synthetic rubber, called bioIsoprene.[9][10]

On 9 January 2011, DuPont announced that it had reached agreement to buy Danisco for US$6.3 billion.[11] The acquisition was motivated by a desire by DuPont "to gain production of food additives and enzymes used in biofuels."[12] On 16 May 2011 DuPont announced that its tender offer for Danisco had been successful and that it would proceed to redeem the remaining shares and delist the company.[13]

The food ingredients and enzyme businesses were combined with similar pre-existing efforts at DuPont into two business divisions named 'Nutrition and Health' and 'Industrial Biosciences',[citation needed] and subsequently into one 'Nutrition & Biosciences' division.[14]

Research and development

[edit]

A considerable number of the employees are engaged in research and development of new products for the international food industry.[15] Today, the Group holds more than 9,300 active patents and patent applications.[16] Their work led to the understanding of the mechanism of CRISPR, the bacterial antiviral defense.[17][18]

References

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Danisco

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Danisco A/S was a Danish founded in through the merger of Danish Sugar Corporation (established in 1872) and De Danske Spritfabriker A/S, becoming a leading global supplier of ingredients, enzymes, and bio-based products. Headquartered in , the company specialized in high-value-added solutions for the , beverage, and nutrition industries, including stabilizers, emulsifiers, cultures, and probiotics that enhanced product texture, shelf life, and nutritional value. Over its independent history, Danisco expanded through strategic acquisitions, such as the 1999 purchase of Finland's Cultor Ltd., which strengthened its position in sweeteners and ingredients, and focused on innovation in and sustainable sourcing. In 2011, acquired Danisco for approximately $6.3 billion in a cash , integrating it into 's Nutrition & Biosciences division to bolster capabilities in industrial and food protection technologies. This merger enabled synergies in production and application, with Danisco's expertise contributing to advancements in bioethanol from non-food raw materials and specialized ingredients for , , and sectors. Post-acquisition, Danisco's operations were reorganized to emphasize core competencies in microbial cultures and texturants. As of 2021, DuPont's Nutrition & Biosciences business, encompassing Danisco, was spun off and merged with Inc. (IFF) via a Reverse Morris Trust transaction, with DuPont's Nutrition & Biosciences business valued at around $26.2 billion, forming a combined entity valued at approximately $45.4 billion on an enterprise value basis. As of November 2025, Danisco operates as a prominent within IFF's & Biosciences division, particularly in animal and , offering feed enzymes, betaine products like Betafin®, and phytogenic solutions to improve livestock gut and performance. IFF continues to invest in Danisco's legacy through expansions, such as a $70 million upgrade to its facility announced in 2025, underscoring its role in sustainable innovations amid growing global demand for bio-based alternatives.

History

Formation and early development

Danisco A/S was established in 1989 through the merger of three major Danish companies: De Danske Sukkerfabrikker (Danish Sugar, founded in 1872 by industrialist C.F. Tietgen to consolidate several beet refineries), De Danske Spritfabrikker (Danish Distillers), and Dansk Handels- og Industri Company. This transaction represented the largest industrial merger in Danish history at the time, creating a diversified entity with roots in Tietgen's foundational work in the sugar sector. The new company initially focused on sugar production, leveraging Danish Sugar's established refineries to become one of Europe's leading producers of beet and related sweeteners. Early operations also began diversifying into bio-based products, including initial forays into food additives and enzymes derived from processes inherited from the distillers and industrial arms of the merged entities. Headquartered in , , Danisco rapidly expanded its employee base in the early to support bio-based , growing from the combined workforce of the predecessor companies to approximately 16,000 by the end of the decade. This growth enabled the company to scale production facilities for refining and emerging technologies, positioning it as a key player in Denmark's bio-industrial landscape.

Expansion through acquisitions and divestitures

During the and , Danisco pursued a of growth through targeted acquisitions to strengthen its position in and specialty ingredients, while divesting non-core assets to focus on high-value bio-based products. This approach allowed the company to expand its and capabilities, entering new markets such as industrial applications and health-related ingredients. Key moves included bolstering and to prioritize bioingredients over commodity sugar production. A significant early acquisition was that of Finland's Cultor Ltd. in 1999 for 9.5 billion Danish kroner (approximately $1.4 billion), which enhanced Danisco's capabilities in sweeteners, food ingredients, and , leading to the formation of Danisco Cultor and solidifying its global position in these sectors. A pivotal acquisition was that of Genencor International in 2005, when Danisco purchased the biotechnology firm for approximately €419 million, including Eastman's 42% stake and the remaining publicly traded shares. Genencor, a leader in , enhanced Danisco's portfolio in enzymes for , feed, and non-food industrial applications, such as biofuels and textiles, integrating advanced biotech processes into Danisco's operations. The deal, completed by May 2005, positioned Danisco as a major player in industrial , with Genencor's R&D capabilities accelerating innovation in sustainable solutions. Danisco also expanded into and natural ingredients through acquisitions like Rhodia's food ingredients division in for €320 million, which included and cultures for nutritional health applications. This move marked Danisco's deeper entry into the health sector, complementing its ingredients business with bioactive products. In 2005, through its Genencor , Danisco divested certain product candidates—GCR-3888 and CAT-8015—to Cambridge Antibody Technology for up to $16 million, allowing focus on core industrial biotech while exiting select therapeutic developments. These transactions exemplified Danisco's selective approach to health-related assets, retaining strengths in while shedding specialized pharma candidates. To further streamline operations, Danisco divested its sugar division, Danisco Sugar A/S, to Nordzucker AG in for DKK 5.45 billion (approximately €731 million), following regulatory approvals that required divestiture of specific assets like the plant to maintain competition. This sale, completed in , eliminated Danisco's involvement in commodity production, which had of about DKK 7 billion in the prior year, and redirected resources toward high-margin bioingredients and enzymes, increasing concentration on biotech segments to over 70% of total . The transaction marked a strategic shift toward sustainable, value-added products amid sugar market reforms.

Acquisition by DuPont and transition to IFF

In January 2011, DuPont announced a definitive agreement to acquire Danisco, a leading global provider of enzymes and specialty food ingredients, for approximately $6.3 billion, including $5.8 billion in cash and the assumption of $500 million in net debt. This transaction, which closed in May 2011, integrated Danisco's operations into DuPont's portfolio, forming the DuPont Nutrition & Health division to bolster capabilities in bio-based ingredients and industrial biotechnology. The acquisition expanded DuPont's global reach, particularly in food preservation, texturants, and probiotics, while enhancing its position in sustainable, bio-derived solutions for nutrition and health markets. As a subsidiary, Danisco operated within the Nutrition & Health unit until 2020, contributing to advancements in bio-based products and collaborative ventures. A notable example was the ongoing 50/50 , DuPont Danisco Cellulosic Ethanol LLC (DDCE), established in 2008 with Danisco's Genencor subsidiary to develop and commercialize technologies from agricultural feedstocks like . This partnership focused on integrated processes for production, aligning with broader efforts in and supporting DuPont's sustainability goals through enzymatic conversions and innovations. In 2021, 's Nutrition & Biosciences business, which encompassed the former Danisco operations, underwent a Reverse Morris Trust transaction, merging with Inc. (IFF) in a deal valued at $26.2 billion. The merger, completed on February 1, 2021, positioned the combined entity as a global leader in flavors, fragrances, and solutions, with receiving $7.3 billion in cash and retaining a 55.5% stake in the new IFF. Danisco's animal and health segments, including feed enzymes, , and betaine products, continued seamlessly under IFF, rebranded as Danisco Animal Nutrition & Health to address livestock challenges and promote sustainable . This integration preserved Danisco's legacy in bioscience-driven solutions while expanding its application within IFF's broader portfolio of health and wellness ingredients.

Operations

Food ingredients production

Danisco's food ingredients production, as of the late 2000s, centered on three primary categories: enablers, cultures, and sweeteners, all derived from bio-based and natural sources to support functionality in consumer products. Enablers, including stabilizers and emulsifiers such as , were manufactured through processes at facilities with a capacity of approximately 360,000 tons annually, enabling texture enhancement and stability in formulations. These products, like the GRINDSTED® range of xanthan gums, provided superior suspension and control, particularly in low-fat applications where they acted as texturants to mimic full-fat without compromising sensory qualities. Cultures production focused on microbial strains for , utilizing to grow starter cultures in large-scale fermenters (up to 15,000 liters) followed by and freeze-drying, yielding billions of units for consistent flavor and texture development. Brands like YO-MIX® offered mesophilic and thermophilic blends for and cheese, promoting acidification and benefits in fermented products. These cultures were applied in items to achieve smooth body and tartness, extending to baked goods for improved dough . Following the 2009 divestiture of its , Danisco shifted production to non-sugar sources, emphasizing polyols like derived from plant fibers via processes at European plants. This low-calorie alternative, with applications in for sugar-free gums and beverages for reduced-calorie formulations, supported natural and health-oriented profiles. Overall, these ingredients found broad use in baked goods for emulsification and shelf-life extension, for fat reduction and creaminess, beverages for clarity and stability, and for texture and sweetness modulation. Post-2011 integration into and 2021 merger with IFF, Danisco brands like GRINDSTED® continue in food applications, including the 2025 launch of DANISCO® GRINDSTED® FB 420 for bake-stable, citrus-based solutions. As part of IFF's & Biosciences division, operations now emphasize synergies with animal probiotics and s, serving a global customer base exceeding 100,000 as of 2023. The company's enablers and systems, often integrated with minimal support for processing efficiency, underscore its emphasis on sustainable, natural formulations, bolstered by a $70 million expansion of the facility in 2025 for ingredients production.

Enzymes and bioproducts

Danisco's advancements in enzyme technologies were significantly bolstered by its 2005 acquisition of Genencor International for approximately $419 million, which integrated advanced capabilities into its operations and positioned the company as a leading provider of . This acquisition expanded Danisco's portfolio to include enzymes tailored for non-food industrial applications, emphasizing sustainable bioprocessing solutions derived from microbial sources. In the detergent sector, Danisco, through Genencor, developed proteases such as Purafect, designed to enhance from protein-based soils like , , and in formulations. These enzymes enabled more effective cleaning at lower temperatures, reducing in household and industrial washing processes while maintaining compatibility with matrices. For animal nutrition, Danisco specialized in phytases, such as those in its coated granulates using Thermo Protection Technology, which improve availability in animal feeds like and diets. By breaking down , these enzymes enhance feed efficiency, reduce the need for inorganic supplements, and minimize environmental excretion, supporting sustainable production. Under IFF as of 2025, these continue through Danisco Animal Nutrition & Health, including products like Axtra® PHY. In biofuels, Danisco's Genencor division pioneered cellulase enzymes, including the Accellerase 1000 complex launched in 2007, optimized for hydrolyzing into fermentable sugars for bioethanol production. Subsequent iterations like Accellerase DUET further improved efficiency on feedstocks such as and sugarcane bagasse, facilitating cost-effective conversion to . Beyond enzymes, Danisco pursued bioproducts through strategic partnerships, notably a with Goodyear Tire & Rubber to develop BioIsoprene, a renewable alternative to petroleum-derived for in tires. This initiative, leveraging Genencor's technology, aimed to produce bio-based from sugars, culminating in prototype tires demonstrated in 2009 that incorporated up to 20% renewable content. Danisco also formed the DuPont Danisco Cellulosic Ethanol LLC joint venture in 2008, a 50/50 partnership with to commercialize integrated technologies for , including enzymatic and processes. This effort led to the development of a demonstration facility and plans for a commercial-scale plant in , focusing on as feedstock to produce low-carbon biofuels; the plant opened in 2015 but closed in 2017 and was repurposed for production. Following the divestiture of its sugar division to Nordzucker in February 2009, Danisco strategically shifted toward high-margin bioproducts and enzymes, excluding sugar operations to concentrate on bio-based innovations in industrial and sectors. This transformation streamlined the company into a focused provider of advanced biotech solutions, enhancing profitability through targeted growth in sustainable applications. Post-merger with IFF, emphasis has grown in animal health solutions like betaine (Betafin®) and phytogenics.

Research and development

Danisco maintained a global research and development (R&D) network with key facilities in Denmark (Brabrand and Copenhagen), the United States (Palo Alto, California; Beloit and Madison, Wisconsin), and Asia (Singapore and Shanghai), employing biotechnology experts focused on enzyme engineering and bioprocess optimization. As of 2024 under IFF, primary R&D centers include the largest in Grindsted, Denmark, for global innovation; Madison, Wisconsin for animal nutrition; and Shanghai for Asia-Pacific needs. The company allocated approximately 4-5% of its annual revenue to R&D in the late 2000s, reaching 5.7% (DKK 743 million) in the 2008/09 , contributing to an portfolio of more than 9,300 active patents by 2009. IFF, encompassing Danisco's legacy, invests similarly in biosciences R&D as of 2023, supporting ongoing patent growth in enzymes and . Recent efforts include a 2023+ collaboration with the (DTU) for next-generation plant-based starter cultures and expansions in for production capabilities. A pivotal contribution from Danisco's R&D efforts came through research integrated post-Genencor acquisition, notably in elucidating mechanisms for editing. In 2007, researchers at Danisco's Madison facility published seminal findings demonstrating that systems in provide acquired resistance against viruses, laying foundational understanding for applications in . This work, conducted by Rodolphe Barrangou and colleagues, highlighted 's role as an in prokaryotes, influencing subsequent global advancements in .

Key facts and impact

Corporate structure and financials

Danisco A/S operated as a publicly traded Danish (A/S) listed on the and included in the OMX Copenhagen 20 index until its full acquisition by E. I. (DuPont) in June 2011. The company maintained a two-tier structure typical of Danish corporations, featuring an eight-member —six elected by shareholders and two by employees—overseeing strategic direction, alongside a smaller Executive Board responsible for day-to-day management. This framework supported operations through key business segments in Food Ingredients (including enablers, cultures, and sweeteners) and (via its Genencor division), with centralized functions for , , , and human resources. In terms of workforce, Danisco employed 6,876 people as of April 30, 2010, with an average of 6,853 full-time equivalents for the 2009/10 , distributed across more than 40 countries and over 80 production and sales sites globally. The company's international footprint emphasized efficiency and through programs like Danisco , fostering a diverse, skilled labor force dedicated to innovation in food and industrial applications. Financially, Danisco achieved revenue of DKK 13.7 billion from continuing operations in the 2009/10 , reflecting a streamlined focus after the February divestiture of its division to Nordzucker AG for DKK 5.45 billion. This transaction reduced net debt and enhanced profitability by concentrating resources on higher-margin core activities, resulting in EBIT of DKK 1.7 billion (DKK 1,745 million before special items) and net profit from continuing operations of DKK 481 million, with an improved EBIT margin compared to prior years burdened by the lower-margin business. The divestiture also enabled a total payout of DKK 17.00 per share, including an extraordinary component. Under the leadership of CEO Tom Knutzen during the late 2000s, Danisco navigated these transitions, emphasizing cost discipline and growth in specialty ingredients, with Knutzen's fixed salary at DKK 5.8 million plus a DKK 2.9 million bonus for 2009/10. Following the acquisition, Danisco's independent structure was dissolved and integrated into 's nutrition and health segment. In 2021, 's Nutrition & Biosciences division, including Danisco, was spun off and merged with Inc. (IFF) in a Reverse Morris Trust transaction valued at approximately $26 billion. As of 2023, IFF's Health & Biosciences division (encompassing Danisco's legacy) generated revenue of about $11.5 billion, supporting ongoing global operations in enzymes and bio-based solutions.

Innovations and patents

Danisco's patent portfolio grew substantially over the years, reaching more than 9,300 active by the end of 2009, with a significant portion focused on enzyme modification and bio-based processes. These encompassed innovations in , such as variant serine proteases and endoglucanases engineered for enhanced stability and performance in applications like detergents, textiles, and biofuels. Through its Genencor division, Danisco developed proprietary technologies for modifying enzymes to optimize catalytic efficiency, including to improve and substrate specificity in bio-based chemical production. A key area of impact was , particularly in the advancement of second-generation bioethanol production from non-food lignocellulosic sources like . In 2010, Danisco launched Accellerase DUET, a blend designed to break down fibers more efficiently, reducing inputs and enabling cost-effective conversion of to fermentable sugars. This innovation supported the shift toward renewable fuels by minimizing reliance on food crops, thereby addressing environmental concerns related to and in . Danisco's contributions earned recognition in the sector for enhancing global via efficient ingredient solutions. As a leader in bio-based enzymes and stabilizers, the company developed products like cultured dextrose preservatives that extend without synthetic additives, helping reduce waste and improve access to safe in developing regions. These advancements, including enzymes for that boost nutrient absorption and lower , aligned with broader efforts to optimize resource use in and production. Post-acquisition, Danisco's legacy continued under and IFF, with ongoing innovations in enzymes and ingredients. As of 2025, the brand holds active patents, including variants for industrial applications (issued September 2025), and introduced products like DANISCO® GRINDSTED® FB 420, a pectin-based solution for clean-label that improves texture and stability in low-sugar formulations. These developments build on historical expertise, contributing to sustainable and IFF's $70 million facility expansion in , in 2025.

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