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Disk Cleanup
View on Wikipediafrom Wikipedia
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2013) |
| Disk Cleanup | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Screenshot of Disk Cleanup in Windows 11 | |
| Developer | Microsoft |
| Operating system | Microsoft Windows |
| Type | Disk maintenance application |
Disk Cleanup (cleanmgr.exe) is a computer maintenance utility included in Microsoft Windows designed to free up disk space. It was introduced in Windows 98 and has been a part of Microsoft Windows ever since.
In 2018, Microsoft introduced a second cleanup utility 'Storage Sense' in the Settings app with Windows 10 version 1803, but Disk Cleanup remained with Windows. As of 2024[update], it is not marked as deprecated.[1] Windows 11 introduced "Cleanup recommendations" as an 'easy to use' alternative to Disk Cleanup, replacing Storage Sense.[2]
The utility searches files that are no longer of any use, and enables the user to delete them. The candidates for deletion are categorized as:
- "Windows Update Cleanup": Copies of Windows updates that are already installed
- "Microsoft Defender Antivirus": Temporary files that Microsoft Defender Antivirus no longer needs
- "Windows Update log files": Log files that Windows update has created for troubleshooting
- "Downloaded Program Files" (deprecated): ActiveX controls and Java applets that Internet Explorer has downloaded from the Internet.
- "DirectX Shader Cache": Created by video games that use DirectX to speed up execution
- "Delivery Optimization Files": Files (temporary or otherwise) that Delivery Optimization has downloaded
- "Device driver packages": Used to install device drivers and otherwise unnecessary
- "Language Resource Files": Removed if they are redundant
- "Recycle Bin": Content of the Windows Recycle Bin for the current user only
- "Temporary Files": Files in the Windows TEMP folder that are not in use and have been created at least 48 hours ago
The above list, however, is not exhaustive. For instance, 'Temporary Remote Desktop files' and 'Temporary Sync Files' may appear only under certain computer configurations, differences such as Windows Operating System and use of additional programs such as Remote Desktop. The option of removing hibernation data may not be ideal for some users as this may remove the hibernate option.
Aside from removing unnecessary files, users also have the option of compressing files that have not been accessed over a set period of time. This option provides a systematic compression scheme. Infrequently accessed files are compressed to free up disk space while leaving the frequently used files uncompressed for faster read/write access times. If after file compression, a user wishes to access a compressed file, the access times may be increased and vary from system to system.
In addition to the categories that appear on the Disk Cleanup tab, the More Options tab offers additional options for freeing up hard drive space through removal of optional Windows components, installed programs, and all but the most recent System Restore point or Shadow Copy data in some versions of Microsoft Windows.
Storage Sense
[edit]Starting with Windows 10 version 1803, Microsoft integrated some of Disk Cleanup's capabilities into the Settings app. Dubbed Storage Sense, this new tool can automatically run when the disk space becomes scarce.[3] In Windows 11, this tool was subsumed under "Cleanup recommendations" as an 'easy to use' alternative to Disk Cleanup, replacing Storage Sense.[4]
Despite the new additions to Windows, Disk Cleanup remained with Windows. As of 2024[update], it is not marked as deprecated.[1]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "Deprecated features for Windows client". Windows release health. Microsoft. 2024-01-26 – via Microsoft Learn.
- ^ Tittel, Ed (Sep 15, 2023). "5 steps to a lean, clean Windows machine". Computerworld.
- ^ Huculak, Mauro (2018-04-27). "Windows 10 Redstone 4 (version 1803): All the new features and changes". PureInfoTech.
- ^ Tittel, Ed (Sep 15, 2023). "5 steps to a lean, clean Windows machine". Computerworld.
External links
[edit]- Microsoft Help and Support - Description of the Disk Cleanup Tool in Windows XP
- Creating a Disk Cleanup Handler
Disk Cleanup
View on Grokipediafrom Grokipedia
Disk Cleanup is a built-in system utility in Microsoft Windows operating systems, first introduced with Windows 98, designed to help users free up disk space by scanning for and removing unnecessary files such as temporary files, thumbnails, recycle bin contents, and old Windows update components.[1][2] The tool operates via the executable file Cleanmgr.exe, which can be launched through the Start menu search, command line, or Windows Administrative Tools, and it provides a user-friendly interface to select specific file categories for deletion while minimizing the risk of removing essential system data.[3][4]
Over its evolution, Disk Cleanup has been a staple maintenance feature across Windows versions, including Windows XP, 7, 10, 11, and server editions like Windows Server 2019 and later, where it supports automated scripting for administrative use.[4][5] It categorizes files into safe-to-delete types, such as downloaded program files, temporary internet files, and system error memory dump files, allowing users to preview space savings before confirming actions.[2][3] In enterprise environments, the utility aids in managing storage on servers by clearing logs and other accumulated data without requiring third-party software.[4]
Although Microsoft announced the deprecation of the classic Disk Cleanup interface in Windows 10 version 1809 (October 2018) in favor of the more automated Storage Sense feature, which handles similar tasks like deleting old files and emptying the recycle bin periodically, the tool remains available for compatibility and manual use in subsequent Windows releases, including Windows 11.[6][2] This shift reflects a broader emphasis on proactive storage management, but Disk Cleanup continues to serve as a reliable, on-demand option for users seeking targeted cleanup without enabling ongoing automation.[6]
Introduction
Purpose and Functionality
Disk Cleanup is a built-in utility in Microsoft Windows designed to scan computer drives and remove unnecessary files, such as temporary, system, and user-generated files that accumulate during normal operation and consume disk space over time.[3] Introduced in Windows 98, it addresses the need for straightforward disk space management as hard drives became larger and more files were generated by applications and the operating system.[1] The core functionality of Disk Cleanup involves analyzing disk usage to identify and categorize files that can be safely deleted, providing users with estimates of the space each category would free up. It scans selected drives and groups files into categories, including examples such as temporary Internet files, downloaded program files, the Recycle Bin contents, temporary setup files, and system-generated files like old Chkdsk files or catalog files for the content indexer.[3] Users can then selectively choose which categories to remove, allowing for targeted cleanup without affecting essential data; for instance, it displays the estimated size savings for each option before proceeding with deletion.[2] At its core, Disk Cleanup employs a modular system of handlers—COM objects implementing interfaces like IEmptyVolumeCache—to ensure safe file removal without compromising user data or system stability. These handlers scan volumes using methods such as GetSpaceUsed to assess space occupied by unneeded files, then execute cleanup via Purge, which deletes or processes files only after user confirmation to prevent accidental loss of important information.[1] Additionally, it includes options for compressing old files as an alternative to deletion, reducing their size through built-in algorithms while retaining access to them, which is particularly useful for infrequently used data.[3] This approach minimizes risks, as the tool avoids essential system components and provides preview options for many categories.[1]Benefits for System Performance
Disk Cleanup primarily enhances system performance by reclaiming disk space, which can improve file access times on both hard disk drives (HDDs) and solid-state drives (SSDs) by alleviating low-storage conditions. Low disk space, particularly when the drive exceeds 85% full, causes slowdowns by limiting available space for operations such as virtual memory (page file) and file management, leading to increased file fragmentation on HDDs, inefficient garbage collection on SSDs, and longer seek times.[7][8] By removing accumulated temporary files, system caches, and other unnecessary data, the tool prevents the disk from becoming overly cluttered, thereby supporting more efficient read/write operations.[9] Additionally, regular use of Disk Cleanup averts low-disk-space warnings, which can interrupt system operations and degrade responsiveness when available storage falls below critical thresholds, such as 10% capacity. These warnings often trigger automatic throttling of background processes to conserve space, resulting in slower application launches and overall system lag. To prevent such issues, maintaining 20-30% free disk space is recommended. Effective fixes include using Disk Cleanup to delete temporary files and uninstalling unused applications.[2][10] By maintaining adequate free space, the tool ensures smoother multitasking and uninterrupted workflows.[11] In terms of direct performance gains, clearing temporary files can accelerate boot times by eliminating extraneous data that the system must process during startup, allowing faster loading of essential components and reducing initial disk I/O demands. This is particularly noticeable on systems with low free space.[12][13] Over the long term, Disk Cleanup supports sustained system health by purging outdated logs, caches, and residual files that accumulate from software updates and daily usage, thereby preventing gradual performance degradation. For instance, consistent cleanup reduces the buildup of obsolete system files in directories like WinSxS, which can otherwise balloon and constrain resources.[11]History and Development
Origins in Early Windows Versions
Disk Cleanup was introduced as a core utility in Windows 98, released by Microsoft on June 25, 1998, as part of the Windows 9x family of operating systems. Developed to tackle the growing issue of limited storage on early consumer PCs, the tool addressed the constraints of hard drives typically ranging from 2 to 10 GB in capacity during that era, where even basic software installations and system files could quickly consume significant space.[14][15] The primary motivations for creating Disk Cleanup stemmed from user feedback regarding disk clutter accumulated through everyday computing activities, particularly the proliferation of temporary files generated by software installations and the emerging popularity of internet browsing via dial-up connections.[16] In the late 1990s, as dial-up internet access surged with the integration of Internet Explorer 4.0 in Windows 98, users frequently encountered bloated caches of temporary internet files and other transient data that hindered system performance on resource-limited hardware.[17] This utility was thus positioned as an essential maintenance feature to help users reclaim space without risking data loss, reflecting Microsoft's emphasis on user-friendly system optimization in response to these practical challenges. At launch, Disk Cleanup offered a straightforward scanning process focused on basic categories such as temporary files, the contents of the Recycle Bin, and options to compress older, infrequently used files to reduce their footprint. Unlike later iterations, it lacked advanced capabilities like system file cleanup or extensive customization, prioritizing simplicity for novice users by allowing selective deletion through an intuitive interface integrated into the Windows shell.[18] The tool was developed and integrated by the Microsoft Windows development team, with its first public appearances noted in beta builds as early as 1997, such as build 1633, where it was added as a program link in the Start menu.[19]Evolution Through Windows Releases
Disk Cleanup was first integrated into the System Tools folder in Windows 2000 and XP, providing users with easy access via the Start menu under Accessories. It continued in Windows ME, with minor interface refinements. In these versions, the tool expanded support for NTFS compression, allowing users to compress old files to reclaim space without deletion, alongside options for removing additional system files like temporary setup files and offline webpages.[20][21] With Windows Vista in 2006, Disk Cleanup introduced the "Clean up system files" mode, enabling deeper scans for administrator-level items such as previous Windows installations and system restore points.[22] This feature was refined in Windows 7 by 2009, incorporating cleanup for Windows Update backups and hibernation files (hiberfil.sys), while adding progress bars to the user interface for better feedback during scans.[23][24] In Windows 8 released in 2012, Windows improved SSD support overall, with the Optimize Drives tool using TRIM operations instead of defragmentation to maintain drive health. Disk Cleanup continued to provide safe file deletion options applicable to SSDs. Windows 10 in 2015 further improved this by adding explicit thumbnail cache cleanup to remove generated image previews, and including temporary files from services like OneDrive.[25] In 2018, with Windows 10 version 1803, Microsoft announced the deprecation of the classic Disk Cleanup interface in favor of Storage Sense, though the tool remains available for manual use. Starting with Windows 11 in 2021, Disk Cleanup has been partially supplanted by the "Cleanup recommendations" interface in Settings > System > Storage, which offers automated suggestions for file removal.[2] Nonetheless, the classic tool persists and can be accessed via search, the Run dialog, or the command line executable cleanmgr.exe.[26] Across these releases, Disk Cleanup has evolved from a fully manual utility to one supporting semi-automated processes, increasingly emphasizing privacy through secure deletion of sensitive temporary data like browsing history and application caches.[2]Core Features
File Types and Categories Targeted
Disk Cleanup targets a variety of non-essential files across several categories to free up disk space without compromising system integrity. These categories are scanned and presented to the user with estimated sizes, allowing selective removal. The tool primarily focuses on files that are temporary, redundant, or recoverable, ensuring that critical operating system components remain untouched.[2] Temporary files form one of the core categories, encompassing files generated by Windows and applications that are no longer needed after processes complete. This includes contents from the Windows temporary folders, such as those in the %TEMP% directory, which store short-term data like installation remnants or crash logs. Application caches, such as those from software updates, are also targeted, as are downloaded program files (a legacy category primarily for older web technologies like ActiveX controls). These files can accumulate over time, consuming significant space, but are safely deletable since they do not affect ongoing operations.[1][2] System files addressed by Disk Cleanup include diagnostic and update-related data that becomes obsolete post-use. Windows Error Reporting (WER) files, such as system queued and archived error reports, minidump files, and memory dump files from crashes, are prime examples; these help in troubleshooting but can be removed once analyzed or after a retention period. Windows Update cleanup targets superseded update files and installation components retained after successful patches, freeing space from the SoftwareDistribution folder. Additionally, old Windows installation components, like the Windows.old folder from upgrades, are offered for deletion if the system has been stable for over 10 days.[27][28][29] User files in the scope cover personal data that users can readily manage or recreate. The Recycle Bin contents are a standard target, allowing permanent deletion of trashed items. Thumbnail caches, which store previews for images and videos in File Explorer, are another category; deleting them prompts regeneration on demand without data loss. These selections help reclaim space from everyday usage patterns.[30][2] Other categories extend to browser-specific and optional system features. Temporary Internet Files from Internet Explorer (legacy), including cached web content, are cleaned. Windows Defender files, such as quarantine items and temporary scan data, can be removed. DirectX Shader Cache, containing compiled graphics shaders for games and applications, is also targeted for deletion, as it can be regenerated. Delivery Optimization files, used for peer-to-peer update sharing, round out these selections by clearing cached download data. Additionally, if enabled, BranchCache files for content caching in networks may be cleaned.[1][31][32][33] Safety measures are integral to Disk Cleanup's design, prioritizing user control and system protection. All removals require explicit user confirmation after a scan that calculates reclaimable space in MB or GB per category. The tool excludes vital OS files, such as active executables or registry data, and provides descriptions for each item to inform decisions. If needed, users can customize visibility of these categories, though standard targets remain predefined for broad applicability.[2][1]Customization and Advanced Options
Users can customize Disk Cleanup by selecting specific categories via checkboxes displayed after the initial scan, allowing targeted removal of file types such as temporary files or Recycle Bin contents while skipping others.[3] This selective approach enables tailored cleanups based on the scan results for the chosen drive. Additionally, the tool supports running on specific drives, including non-system volumes, by specifying the drive letter during invocation. For advanced operations, the "Clean up system files" button, available after an initial scan, requires elevated privileges (typically administrator rights) to access and remove protected categories like Windows Update Cleanup files or previous Windows installation backups (e.g., the Windows.old folder).[2] This mode expands the available options beyond standard user files, revealing system-level items such as service pack backups in older configurations, but it permanently deletes them without recovery options.[35] Command-line customization is facilitated through cleanmgr.exe switches, where/sageset:n (with n as a number from 0 to 9999) opens a dialog to configure presets for categories, storing selections in the registry under HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\[Microsoft](/page/Microsoft)\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches.[5] Subsequently, /sagerun:n executes the preset silently across all drives without user interaction, enabling automation via scheduled tasks.[3] Other switches like /d <driveletter> allow drive-specific runs, while /lowdisk or /verylowdisk apply default settings in response to storage alerts.[5]
Drive-specific tweaks extend to non-system drives via the /d switch, supporting cleanup on secondary volumes without affecting the system partition.[3] Integration with low-disk-space notifications prompts users to run Disk Cleanup when free space falls critically low (e.g., below 10% on the monitored drive), though this relies on manual invocation rather than fully automated execution.[36]
Despite these options, Disk Cleanup has limitations, as it does not support scripting for arbitrary custom file paths or user-defined categories beyond the predefined set (e.g., Temporary Internet Files or Old Chkdsk Files).[3] All cleanups are confined to these built-in categories, ensuring system safety but restricting flexibility for specialized needs.[5]
Usage Guide
Accessing and Running the Tool
Disk Cleanup can be accessed through several graphical user interface (GUI) methods in Windows environments. One common approach is to use the Start menu search: users type "Disk Cleanup" into the search box on the taskbar, then select the application from the results to launch it directly.[2] In Windows 10 and 11, an alternative GUI method involves navigating to Settings > System > Storage, where selecting "Cleanup recommendations" or "Free up space now" opens a interface that integrates Disk Cleanup functionality for temporary files and other categories.[2] Another GUI option utilizes File Explorer: users open File Explorer, right-click the desired drive (such as C:), select Properties from the context menu, and click the Disk Cleanup button on the General tab to initiate the tool for that specific drive.[2] This method provides drive-specific access without needing to search system-wide. For command-line access, Disk Cleanup is launched via the executable cleanmgr.exe, which can be run from the Run dialog (opened with Windows key + R) or PowerShell by typing cleanmgr.exe and pressing Enter.[3] It supports parameters for customization, such as /d followed by a drive letter (e.g., cleanmgr.exe /d C:) to target a specific drive directly.[3] In Windows Server editions, full access to Disk Cleanup requires the Desktop Experience feature to be installed, as it enables the necessary GUI components; without it, users can still run cleanmgr.exe by copying required files or using command-line options on Server Core installations.[4] Disk Cleanup remains compatible across Windows versions from 98 Second Edition through Windows 11 as of 2025, with availability on ARM-based systems supported through x86 emulation where native binaries are not present.[2]Step-by-Step Cleanup Process
Upon selecting the target drive in the Disk Cleanup interface, click OK to begin the analysis phase, where the tool scans for unnecessary files across various categories. This initial scan typically takes 1-5 minutes, varying based on the drive's size, file volume, and system hardware.[37] The scan results appear in a dialog listing file categories (such as temporary files, as described in the File Types and Categories Targeted section), each with an estimated space savings—for instance, temporary files might show approximately 500 MB available for removal. Review the list carefully, then check the boxes next to the desired categories to mark them for deletion.[2] Click OK to proceed, which opens a confirmation prompt. Select Delete Files to execute the cleanup; the tool then processes the deletions in the background, displaying a progress indicator. This phase ensures only non-essential files are removed, preventing any loss of personal data or system functionality.[2] For more thorough results, before confirming deletion, select Clean up system files to rescan and include additional system-generated items like old update files. If applicable to the drive type, an option to Compress this drive to save disk space may appear, enabling compression of unused files for further space efficiency without immediate deletion.[4] After completion, verify the results by right-clicking the drive in File Explorer, selecting Properties, and noting the updated free space under the General tab. If system files were not previously included, repeat the process by selecting Clean up system files during a new session.[2] Should an "access denied" error arise during scanning or deletion, resolve it by running Disk Cleanup with administrator privileges—right-click the tool in the Start menu search results and select Run as administrator—which grants necessary permissions without compromising data integrity.[38]Modern Integrations and Successors
Relationship with Storage Sense
Storage Sense is an automatic disk management feature introduced in Windows 10 version 1803 (April 2018 Update) and carried forward into Windows 11, designed to periodically free up space by deleting unnecessary files such as temporary files, Recycle Bin contents, and unused items in folders like Downloads or OneDrive.[39] Unlike the manual Disk Cleanup tool (cleanmgr.exe), Storage Sense operates in the background based on configurable triggers, such as low disk space or a set schedule, requiring no user intervention once enabled.[40][41] In terms of integration, Disk Cleanup serves as a manual counterpart to Storage Sense, with both tools targeting overlapping categories like temporary files and system caches, but Disk Cleanup provides more granular control for one-time operations while Storage Sense handles routine automation.[2] In Windows 11, accessing manual cleanup options through Settings > System > Storage directs users to the Storage Sense interface or Cleanup recommendations, which incorporate elements of the traditional Disk Cleanup functionality for consistency in the modern UI.[2] This setup allows Disk Cleanup to complement Storage Sense by enabling deeper, user-initiated scans that can align with or extend automatic cleanups, such as removing Windows Update files or delivery optimization caches not always covered in automated runs.[41] The tools are complementary in practice: Disk Cleanup is ideal for occasional, thorough cleanups requiring user selection, whereas Storage Sense focuses on ongoing maintenance, for example, automatically deleting files in the Downloads folder unused for 30 days or converting OneDrive files to online-only status after the same period to save local space.[39] Configuration for both is centralized under Settings > System > Storage, where users can toggle Storage Sense and adjust options like retention periods for Recycle Bin or Downloads, though Storage Sense uniquely extends to cloud-synced content via OneDrive integration for additional space management.[39][40] This shared access point ensures cohesive management, with Storage Sense acting as the proactive layer atop Disk Cleanup's reactive capabilities.[2]Changes in Windows 11 and Beyond
In Windows 11, introduced in 2021, Disk Cleanup transitioned from a standalone utility to a more integrated component within the Settings app, specifically under System > Storage as "Cleanup recommendations." This redesign streamlines the user interface by presenting categorized suggestions for freeing space, such as temporary files and large unused items, while preserving the cleanmgr.exe backend for executing cleanup operations.[2] The update places greater emphasis on automation through default integration with Storage Sense, which handles routine tasks like deleting temporary files without user intervention. Consequently, the manual Disk Cleanup interface is deprioritized in the Start menu but can still be launched via search, Run dialog (by typing cleanmgr.exe), or command line for targeted use.[3][2] As of 2025, Microsoft documentation affirms ongoing support for Disk Cleanup amid the prevalence of SSDs and cloud storage, ensuring its availability for manual interventions where automation falls short. The tool has not been deprecated, maintaining utility in enterprise settings for compliance-driven cleanups and providing compatibility for legacy applications dependent on its functions.[4][5]Alternatives and Comparisons
Built-in Windows Tools
Microsoft PC Manager, introduced in October 2022 as a free application for Windows 10 and 11, includes a dedicated cleanup tab that automates the removal of temporary files, junk data, browser caches, and large unused files to free up storage space.[42][43] Unlike Disk Cleanup, which provides granular selection of specific categories such as Windows update files and system error memory dump files, PC Manager emphasizes automated scans and overall system health scores, offering less detailed control over individual file types.[43][2] The Storage settings in Windows, accessible via Settings > System > Storage > Temporary files, enable direct management and deletion of temporary files, Recycle Bin contents, and other system-generated data, overlapping significantly with Disk Cleanup's core functions.[2] This interface displays estimated sizes for categories like Windows Update Cleanup, delivery optimization files, thumbnails, and previous Windows installations, allowing users to select and remove them individually.[2] Both tools are fully integrated into Windows at no additional cost, promoting seamless disk management without third-party dependencies. The Defragment and Optimize Drives utility complements Disk Cleanup by reorganizing fragmented files on hard disk drives (HDDs) and performing TRIM operations on solid-state drives (SSDs) to enhance performance after space has been freed. While it does not delete files, running Disk Cleanup prior to optimization is recommended to reduce the volume's clutter, making the defragmentation process more efficient and effective. In comparisons among these built-in tools, Disk Cleanup and Storage settings both offer extensive category options, including update-related files, thumbnails, and previous installations, while PC Manager prioritizes user-friendly health diagnostics with more automated cleanup.[2][43] For optimal results, users can synergize these utilities by first employing Disk Cleanup or Storage settings to remove unnecessary files, followed by PC Manager for automated maintenance and Defragment and Optimize Drives for performance tuning.[46] Storage Sense, another integrated feature, can be briefly referenced here as an automated extension within Storage settings for ongoing cleanup.[39]Third-Party Disk Cleanup Software
Third-party disk cleanup software offers alternatives to Microsoft's built-in Disk Cleanup tool, often providing expanded scanning capabilities, cross-platform compatibility, and additional optimization features tailored for users seeking more control over system maintenance.[47] These tools are developed by independent companies and open-source communities, focusing on removing temporary files, caches, and other clutter while sometimes incorporating extras like registry optimization or defragmentation. However, they introduce potential risks not present in native Windows utilities, including compatibility issues and unintended data loss.[48] One prominent example is CCleaner, developed by Piriform (now part of Gen Digital). The free version of CCleaner scans a broader range of items than Disk Cleanup, including registry entries, browser plugins, temporary internet files, and startup programs.[49][50] Its advantages include customizable cleaning rules allowing users to select specific file types and scheduling options for automated maintenance sessions.[50] Despite these benefits, the free tier includes advertisements promoting premium upgrades, and its registry cleaning feature can be over-aggressive, potentially leading to system instability if essential entries are removed.[51][52] BleachBit serves as an open-source, privacy-oriented alternative, emphasizing secure deletion of sensitive data without telemetry or tracking.[53] It targets application-specific files, such as Adobe software caches, browser histories, and system logs, supporting thousands of programs including Firefox and Google Chrome.[54] Compared to CCleaner, BleachBit is lighter on system resources and avoids bundled ads or upsells, though its graphical user interface lacks predefined presets, requiring more manual configuration for optimal use.[53] Wise Disk Cleaner, from WiseCleaner, combines disk cleanup with defragmentation features, making it suitable for addressing both clutter and file fragmentation on HDDs while supporting SSD TRIM commands.[55] The tool is entirely free and available in a portable version that requires no installation, enabling quick deployment on multiple machines.[56] It performs efficiently on large drives by reorganizing files to improve access speeds, outperforming basic built-in options in scenarios involving heavy fragmentation.[55] While these tools provide advantages like multi-operating system support (e.g., Windows, macOS, and Linux compatibility in CCleaner and BleachBit), they carry notable risks compared to Disk Cleanup. Untested deletions can cause system instability, particularly with registry modifications, and some applications have faced privacy scrutiny over potential data uploads to cloud services—though recent versions of CCleaner emphasize local processing without mandatory telemetry.[52][51] Microsoft explicitly recommends avoiding third-party cleaners, especially registry tools, due to their potential to harm system integrity and advises relying on built-in features for safe maintenance.[48][52] As of 2025, third-party disk cleanup software remains popular for its cross-platform versatility and advanced features, with the global market projected to grow from approximately USD 1.5 billion in 2023 to USD 3.2 billion by 2032, driven by increasing data volumes.[57] However, adoption is tempered by enhancements in Windows native tools like Storage Sense, leading to a trend where users increasingly favor built-in options to mitigate risks associated with external software.[48]References
- https://support.[microsoft](/page/Microsoft).com/en-us/topic/how-to-start-disk-cleanup-by-using-the-command-line-0e56ef90-00bb-45d1-f452-c40ffea40968
- https://support.[microsoft](/page/Microsoft).com/en-au/windows/defragment-optimize-your-data-drives-in-windows-54d4fed1-c96e-46db-b843-8c6b34bd27a4
- https://learn.[microsoft](/page/Microsoft).com/en-us/answers/questions/2506184/why-is-my-defrag-taking-so-long-over-12hrs-and-cou