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Edward Tsang "Ed" Lu (Chinese: 盧傑; pinyin: Lú Jié; born July 1, 1963) is an American physicist and former NASA astronaut. He flew on three Space Shuttle flights, and made an extended stay aboard the International Space Station.[1]

Key Information

In 2007, Lu retired from NASA to become the program manager of Google's Advanced Projects Team.[2][3] In 2002, while still at NASA, Lu co-founded the B612 Foundation, dedicated to protecting the Earth from asteroid strikes, later serving as its chairman.[1] As of 2020, he is its executive director.[4]

Early life and education

[edit]

Lu was born in Springfield, Massachusetts,[5] to a Taiwanese American family.[6] His parents were immigrants from Taiwan.[7] He was raised in Honolulu, Hawaii, and Webster, New York.[5]

Lu attended R. L. Thomas High School, where he was a member of the wrestling team and graduated in 1980. After high school, Lu graduated from Cornell University, where he earned his Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in electrical engineering and was a member of Pi Kappa Phi. He then earned a Master of Science (M.S.) and a Ph.D. in applied physics from Stanford University in 1989 as a fellow of the National Science Foundation.[1]

Lu became a specialist in solar physics and did postdoctoral work at the Institute for Astronomy in Honolulu, Hawaii before being selected for the NASA Astronaut Corps in 1994.[1]

NASA career

[edit]

Lu flew on Space Shuttle missions STS-84 in 1997 and STS-106 in 2000, in which he carried out a six-hour spacewalk to perform construction work on the International Space Station. Having been flight engineer on Soyuz TMA-2, Lu spent six months in space in 2003 as part of ISS Expedition 7, with cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko.[1]

In July 2003, Lu and Malenchenko answered questions from students participating in Japan's NASDA special educational event, where Ed Lu performed "Happy Birthday" on an electronic piano for a student's birthday in the live broadcast from space.[8][9] He had demonstrated the difficulty of playing the piano instrument in space during a live in-orbit interview with CBS News and NASA TV video feed.[10] Also on this ISS mission on October 15, 2003, Lu communicated with the crewman of China's first crewed mission into space, Yang Liwei, flying aboard Shenzhou 5. Lu congratulated the Chinese for the achievement and said in Putonghua: "Welcome to space. Have a safe journey". Malenchenko added: "I love to have somebody else in space instead of (just) me and Ed".[11]

During the STS-106 mission, while on a space phone call with professor Lloyd Kaufman, Ed Lu observed that there is no moon illusion in space [12]

While still employed at NASA, Lu co-founded the B612 Foundation along with former astronaut Rusty Schweickart and scientists Clark Chapman and Piet Hut. It has conducted two lines of related research to help detect asteroids that could one day strike the Earth, and find the technological means for asteroid deflection. The foundation's current goal is to design and build a privately financed asteroid-finding space telescope, Sentinel, to be launched in 2017–2018. The Sentinel's infrared telescope, once parked in an orbit similar to that of Venus, will help identify asteroids and other near-Earth objects (NEOs) that pose a risk of collision with Earth.[1]

Magic trick in space

[edit]

While on the ISS, Lu teamed up with magician James Randi (founder of JREF) to perform a card trick in outer space. Randi asked Lu to (without looking) select a card from the middle of a brand new freshly shuffled deck of cards, turn it around and reinsert the card into the deck the opposite direction. Then place the deck of cards back into its box then take them out again and fan the cards to the camera. This same procedure was being done by Randi back on Earth at the JREF headquarters in front of witnesses from the Miami Herald. Both Randi and Lu successfully selected the same card, the seven of diamonds. The remaining cards were jettisoned for weight reasons before returning to Earth, but Lu smuggled the card home. The two cards complete with autographs are framed for public view at the JREF offices in Fort Lauderdale, FL. Randi asks Lu "What are the odds that we would both choose the same card?" Lu answers "Knowing you and your tricky ways, the odds were one in one, because it's a trick!"[13]

Post-NASA career

[edit]
Lu in 2022
Lu in 2022

On August 10, 2007, Lu announced he was retiring from NASA to work at Google.[1][2]

In June 2010, Lu left Google and worked out of the Sunfire Offices.[14] In September 2011, Lu joined Liquid Robotics as Chief of Innovative Applications, where his work includes outreach to promote new applications for ocean science,[15] and in 2012, he joined Hover Inc. as its Chief Technology Officer.[16]

On June 28, 2012, Lu, with Apollo 9 Astronaut Rusty Schweickart and G. Scott Hubbard, Astronautics professor at Stanford University announced plans to build and operate the first privately-funded deep space mission called Sentinel. Their non-profit B612 Foundation will launch an infrared space telescope in orbit around the Sun, where from a distance as great as 270,000,000 kilometers (170,000,000 mi) from Earth, where it would detect and track asteroids and other near-Earth objects posing threats to the planet. On October 25, 2016, B612 and Lu endorsed NASA's NEOcam proposed mission and ended the Sentinel project.

As of 2022, Lu is working on a new project to find "killer asteroids" by analyzing terabytes of archived data. So far, the B612 Foundation, cofounded by Lu, has found over 100 new potentially-threatening asteroids. This immense number-crunching effort is supported in part by Google's applied artificial intelligence project.[17]

Personal life

[edit]

Lu is married and has two children.

  • co-founder of the B612 Foundation (18 July 2014)
    co-founder of the B612 Foundation (18 July 2014)
  • Assessing the Risks, Impacts and Solutions for Space Threats, Senate Subcommittee on Science and Space testimony on March 23, 2013
  • Ed Lu giving interview for Croatian Television during Dalmatian Space Summer (21 August 2007)
    Ed Lu giving interview for Croatian Television during Dalmatian Space Summer (21 August 2007)
  • Landing in Kazakhstan (October 27, 2003)
    Landing in Kazakhstan (October 27, 2003)
  • Haircut in space (12 August 2003)
    Haircut in space (12 August 2003)

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Ed Lu

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Edward Tsang "Ed" Lu (born July 1, 1963) is an American astrophysicist, aerospace engineer, and former who completed three spaceflights, accumulating over 206 days in orbit, including a six-month residency as and science officer on the during Expedition 7. Selected as an in 1994, Lu flew as a on during in 1997 and as payload commander on during in 2000, where he performed a spacewalk to prepare the station for its first long-term crew. In 2003, he launched aboard Soyuz TMA-2 to the ISS, serving as during a mission that overlapped with the Columbia shuttle disaster investigation. Prior to his NASA career, Lu earned a B.S. in electrical engineering from in 1984 and a Ph.D. in from in 1989, followed by postdoctoral research in and at institutions including the High Altitude Observatory and the Institute for Astronomy in . He has received NASA's Distinguished Service Medal and Exceptional Service Medal, along with Russian space honors such as the Gagarin and Komarov Medals, and in 2024, induction into the Hall of Fame. After retiring from in August 2007, Lu joined Google's satellite imaging team, contributing to the development of by integrating high-resolution imagery. He co-founded the in 2002 while still at , a nonprofit dedicated to planetary defense against impacts, and later served as its chairman and current executive director of the Asteroid Institute program, where he has advanced research on detection and deflection technologies, including co-authoring a seminal on gravitational tractor methods.

Early life and education

Childhood and family background

Edward Tsang Lu was born on July 1, 1963, in , to Chinese immigrant parents Charlie and Snowlily Lu. Following the family's relocation, Lu spent the majority of his childhood in . His father, Charlie Lu, worked as a after immigrating to the in the 1950s, having previously graduated from in . Charlie's professional path exemplified the immigrant drive for opportunity in technical fields. Lu's mother, Snowlily Lu, came from an academic lineage as the daughter of a dean at in during the Sino-Japanese War; she graduated from Taichung Girls' High School and studied Chinese literature at before immigrating to the in 1948. Her background reinforced family values of education and perseverance, shaping Lu's early environment with an emphasis on intellectual pursuit and hard work amid the challenges of .

Academic achievements

Edward Lu completed his secondary education at R.L. Thomas High School in , graduating in 1980. Lu then enrolled at , where he pursued studies in and earned a degree in 1984. During his time at Cornell, he was honored as a Presidential Scholar and received the Masters Fellowship, recognizing his academic excellence. Following his undergraduate degree, Lu advanced to for graduate work, obtaining a Doctorate in in 1989. His doctoral research laid the foundation for his specialization in , focusing on theoretical models of solar flares. From 1989 to 1992, he served as a visiting at the High Altitude in , where he continued research in . Subsequently, as a postdoctoral fellow at the Institute for Astronomy in , , from 1992 to 1995, Lu developed key theoretical advances that provided new insights into the physics underlying solar flares.

Pre-NASA professional career

Research positions

After completing his Ph.D. in from in 1989, Edward T. Lu began his postdoctoral research career as a visiting at the High Altitude Observatory (HAO) in , from 1989 to 1992, where he specialized in and . During this period, Lu contributed to theoretical models explaining solar phenomena, notably collaborating with Russell J. Hamilton on a seminal study proposing that solar flares exhibit power-law frequency distributions due to , modeling them as avalanches in driven dissipative systems. This work, published in in 1991, offered a framework for flare energy release and has influenced subsequent research on solar activity. In 1992, Lu held a joint appointment at the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics (JILA) at the University of Colorado, Boulder, continuing his investigations into plasma physics and solar oscillations as part of NSF-funded collaborative teams. His efforts at HAO and JILA produced technical reports and peer-reviewed papers on topics including cosmology and near-Earth asteroids, emphasizing conceptual advances in understanding complex dissipative processes in astrophysical environments. From 1992 to 1995, Lu served as a postdoctoral fellow at the Institute for Astronomy (IfA) at the University of in , further developing theories on the statistical physics of solar active regions and flares. A key publication from this time, co-authored with colleagues, explored how macroscopic properties of active regions lead to flare distributions, reinforcing the paradigm. These government-supported positions honed Lu's expertise in , setting the stage for his shift toward more engineering-oriented applications in space exploration.

Engineering roles

Following his doctoral studies, Ed Lu transitioned into professional roles that leveraged his background for applied scientific work, though his pre-NASA career was primarily research-oriented rather than industry-based . His in from in 1984 equipped him with expertise in circuit design, , and , skills essential for later contributions to space-related technologies. During his time as a research physicist at the High Altitude Observatory from 1989 to 1992, Lu applied principles to model complex plasma dynamics and , involving computational simulations that paralleled attitude control and instrumentation design in systems. This work honed his abilities in testing theoretical models against observational data, fostering practical problem-solving in high-stakes scientific environments. From 1992 to 1995, as a postdoctoral fellow at the Institute for Astronomy in , Lu contributed to advancements in physics, developing theoretical frameworks that required interdisciplinary collaboration on and system modeling—skills directly transferable to satellite and projects. These experiences in multidisciplinary teams prepared him for the rigorous demands of mission engineering, emphasizing precision in control systems and instrumentation without direct involvement in commercial or military satellite programs.

NASA astronaut career

Selection and training

Edward Tsang "Ed" Lu was selected by as part of Astronaut Group 15 on December 8, 1994, from a pool of over 6,000 applicants, marking the agency's largest astronaut class at the time with 19 candidates, including 10 pilots and nine mission specialists. His selection was based on his background in and , along with extensive experience in research and engineering roles. Lu reported to NASA's in , , in March 1995 to begin astronaut candidate training. The one-year basic training program was intensive and multifaceted, designed to prepare candidates for operations. Key components included instruction in flying the T-38 Talon supersonic jet trainer to maintain piloting proficiency, high-altitude and wilderness survival training to handle emergency scenarios, and certification for underwater simulations of space conditions. Candidates also underwent training for operating the Space Shuttle's remote manipulator system and practiced extravehicular activities (EVAs) in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory, a large pool simulating weightless conditions for spacewalk rehearsals. In addition to technical skills, the training emphasized international collaboration, with mandatory instruction to facilitate work with cosmonauts on joint missions like those involving the . Upon completion in 1996, Lu was certified as a qualified for flights, following rigorous evaluations that assessed his proficiency in systems, , and emergency procedures. This qualification process included periodic assessments and advanced simulations tailored to shuttle and station operations, ensuring readiness for complex mission roles.

Space Shuttle missions

Ed Lu's first Space Shuttle mission was , launched aboard on May 15, 1997, where he served as a on the nine-day flight that docked with Russia's . The primary objectives included the crew exchange of astronaut Michael Foale for Jerry Linenger, who had completed 123 days aboard , along with the transfer of 7,314 pounds of water and logistics supplies between the spacecraft to support ongoing operations. During the mission, Lu contributed to microgravity science research by operating the Liquid Motion Experiment (LME) alongside mission specialist Carlos Noriega after undocking from , investigating liquid behaviors in spinning tanks to advance understanding in low-gravity environments. Lu's second Space Shuttle assignment was STS-106, again aboard Atlantis, launched on September 8, 2000, as mission specialist and payload commander during the 11-day mission dedicated to International Space Station (ISS) outfitting. This flight marked the first crewed ISS assembly mission following the 1998 launch of the Zarya control module, emphasizing logistics delivery and preparation for permanent habitation through joint U.S.-Russian efforts. The crew transferred more than 6,600 pounds of supplies and equipment from the orbiter and a docked Progress resupply vehicle to the station's Zvezda service module, installing components to enhance life support and operational capabilities. A key technical contribution on was Lu's participation in a 6-hour, 14-minute (EVA) with cosmonaut on September 11, during which they connected power, data, and communications cables between the Zvezda and Zarya modules and installed a on Zvezda to support future station functionality. Supported by the shuttle's operated by another crew member, the EVA facilitated integration and setup. These shuttle missions underscored Lu's role in precursor activities that built foundational ISS , fostering international partnerships essential for the station's assembly and long-term operations.

International Space Station expedition

Ed Lu launched to the (ISS) on April 26, 2003, aboard the Soyuz TMA-2 spacecraft as NASA's ISS Science Officer and , alongside Russian cosmonaut , who served as commander. The duo docked with the ISS on April 28, following a handover period with the departing Expedition 6 crew, marking the beginning of Expedition 7's approximately six-month residency. This mission represented a significant transition for Lu, whose prior experience on missions facilitated his adaptation to long-duration operations on the station. During Expedition 7, Lu and Malenchenko conducted a range of scientific investigations and maintenance tasks under the constraints of a reduced two-person crew, a direct result of the program's grounding after the Columbia disaster on February 1, 2003. Key experiments focused on the effects of microgravity on biological systems, including studies of cellular and chromosomal changes, responses, and space radiation risks to human health. They also performed observations, capturing images of natural phenomena such as hurricanes, and tested materials under microgravity conditions, like the behavior of air bubbles in weakening substances. Maintenance duties involved routine ISS systems upkeep, spacesuit inspections, and unloading supplies from Russian resupply vehicles, totaling over three tons of cargo during the mission. No extravehicular activities (EVAs) were conducted, emphasizing internal operations amid the shuttle hiatus. The international crew dynamics between the American science officer and Russian commander highlighted effective collaboration, with daily routines structured around exercise to counter microgravity effects, scientific work, and communication with ground control. The Columbia disaster's aftermath profoundly shaped the mission, limiting crew size to two for safety and logistics, as Soyuz vehicles could only support emergency returns for that number without shuttle support, and reducing overall research capacity compared to prior three-person expeditions. This adaptation underscored the challenges of long-duration spaceflight, including reliance on international partners for resupply and the psychological demands of isolation in a confined environment. A notable outreach event occurred when Lu performed a card magic trick broadcast from the ISS in collaboration with magician , aimed at inspiring students by demonstrating scientific principles in zero gravity. Expedition 7 concluded with the handover to the incoming Expedition 8 crew on October 20, 2003, followed by undocking and landing of Soyuz TMA-2 in on October 28, 2003 (UTC), after 184 days, 22 hours, and 1 minute in space for this mission. This stay contributed to Lu's cumulative time of over 206 days across his career.

Post-NASA contributions

Asteroid defense initiatives

During his tenure as a NASA astronaut, Ed Lu co-founded the in 2002 alongside astronaut and other experts, with the mission to protect Earth from potentially hazardous asteroid impacts through enhanced detection and deflection efforts. The organization, named after the asteroid home of the protagonist in Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's , initially focused on developing space-based telescopes to survey near-Earth objects (NEOs). Following his retirement from NASA in 2007, Lu transitioned to a full-time leadership role at B612, serving as its chairman and CEO before becoming the current Executive Director of the Asteroid Institute, a core program of B612, to drive these planetary defense initiatives. The 2013 Chelyabinsk meteor event, which injured over 1,000 people and highlighted vulnerabilities in global monitoring, galvanized Lu's advocacy for expanded detection networks. In response, he testified before the U.S. House Committee on , , and in 2013, emphasizing the need for comprehensive surveys of NEOs larger than 140 meters to mitigate risks from undetected threats. Lu also addressed a U.S. Senate Commerce, , and Transportation subcommittee in March 2013, urging international collaboration on detection to catalog 90% of potentially hazardous objects within a . These efforts underscored B612's push for a global infrastructure to track NEOs, drawing on Lu's firsthand observations of Earth's fragility from space. Under Lu's direction, B612 established the Asteroid Institute as a core program to innovate asteroid discovery using advanced computational methods rather than constructing new observatories. The institute developed the Tracklet-less Heliocentric Orbit Recovery (THOR) algorithm, a mathematical tool that processes vast archives of existing astronomical images to identify previously undetected asteroids by linking faint, isolated detections without relying on traditional sequential observations. This approach, powered by cloud computing partnerships like Google Cloud, enabled the discovery of over 100 new asteroids in 2022 and 27,500 more by 2024, demonstrating scalable, cost-effective planetary defense. In 2025, the Asteroid Institute launched the ADAM platform, integrating open-source algorithms and cloud computing to enhance asteroid discovery and mapping capabilities. Key outputs include white papers and annual progress reports outlining THOR's efficacy, such as the 2017 B612 report on integrating algorithms with legacy telescope data for NEO characterization. B612's achievements under Lu include strategic partnerships with , such as contributions to the agency's and OpenSpace visualization tools for NEO trajectory modeling, as well as collaborations with observatories worldwide to access image archives for algorithm validation. Lu has advanced deflection strategies, advocating for kinetic impactors—spacecraft that collide with asteroids to alter their paths—as a proven method, informed by 's DART mission and B612-funded studies recommending their integration with other techniques like gravity tractors for precise threat mitigation. These initiatives have influenced U.S. policy, including the 2020 National Asteroid Preparedness Strategy, emphasizing timely detection to enable effective deflection.

Space technology ventures

Following his retirement from NASA in 2007 after a decade of service that included commanding Expedition 7 aboard the , Ed Lu transitioned to the private sector, joining as Program Manager for Advanced Projects from 2007 to 2010. There, he led teams developing imaging and data-gathering technologies for and Maps, as well as , while also contributing to initiatives through . In 2016, Lu co-founded LeoLabs, a commercial space safety company, where he serves as . As CTO, Lu has driven the development of a global network of ground-based phased-array radars designed for , focusing on tracking satellites and debris in (LEO) to mitigate collision risks. The network includes operational sites such as the Midland Space Radar in , which became active in 2017, along with facilities in , , and other locations providing 24/7 all-weather coverage across hemispheres. LeoLabs offers data services for collision avoidance and orbital intelligence, enabling precise tracking of objects as small as 2 cm in diameter with high accuracy. The company has established partnerships with commercial operators like , providing Launch and Early Orbit tracking for satellites since 2020, and with government entities including U.S. military and civil agencies for . Beyond LeoLabs, Lu has engaged in serial within the sector, contributing to innovations in sustainable operations through advisory roles and leadership in startups focused on orbital . Up to 2025, he has remained active in the field, delivering addresses at events such as the Singapore Space Symposium and the , emphasizing advancements in space traffic management and debris mitigation.

Personal life and interests

Family and residence

Edward Lu married Christine Hernaez Romero, a marketing manager, in May 2004 in , . The couple met at another astronaut's wedding in . Romero, who resided and worked in , , became engaged to Lu before his 2003 space mission. Lu and Romero have two children. The provided crucial support during Lu's space missions, including his six-month Expedition 7 stay on the in 2003, when Romero, then his fiancée, attended the launch and later spoke of her pride and relief upon his safe return. Such extended separations highlighted the challenges of balancing an astronaut's demanding career with life, yet the couple maintained a strong bond, with Romero joining Lu at key events like mission viewings. Post-NASA, Lu and his established a long-term residence in , in the Bay Area, close to his parents in nearby Fremont. Despite frequent travel for professional commitments in space technology, Lu has centered his life around , relocating to to foster a stable home environment after years based in during his astronaut tenure.

Hobbies and public engagement

Ed Lu maintains several personal hobbies that reflect his diverse interests beyond his professional career. He is an accomplished , having taken an aboard the during Expedition 7, where he performed pieces such as Beethoven's "Moonlight Sonata" and the "Wedding March" for a crewmate's proxy wedding ceremony. Lu also pursues amateur magic, most notably demonstrated through a collaborative card trick performed in space with magician during his ISS tenure, which highlighted the challenges of sleight-of-hand in microgravity. Additionally, Lu holds a commercial pilot certificate with instrument and multi-engine ratings and enjoys aerobatic flying as a recreational pursuit. In his public engagement efforts, Lu actively advocates for STEM education, delivering motivational talks to students to inspire interest in science and space exploration. He has spoken at elementary schools, such as Bonham Elementary in , where he shared experiences from his astronaut missions to encourage young learners. Lu also addressed middle school students at the 2019 Student Space Exploration Day event in , emphasizing the role of conferences like in fostering future STEM careers. His outreach extends to international conferences, including a presentation at the Singapore Space Symposium 2025 on L-band phased array radars for space situational awareness. Drawing from his Chinese American heritage as the first Asian American to serve on the ISS, Lu's work serves as an inspiration for underrepresented youth in science, promoting diversity in STEM fields through his personal story of achievement. He has further engaged the public through media appearances, such as discussions on defense in "After Dark" at the and interviews on astropolitics, as well as contributing a chapter to the 2023 book : A Visual Journey Through the Past, Present, and Future of Exploration, where he recounts his realization of the need for .

References

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