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Gastronorm
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Gastronorm (GN), sometimes spelled Gastro-Norm, is a European standard for kitchenware tray and container sizes that is commonly seen worldwide in the catering and professional food industry, as well as in certain parts of the high-end consumer market. Gastronorm is generally used worldwide except in most of the United States and Canada, which have their own domestic systems. The Gastronorm standard was first introduced in Switzerland in 1964 and became an official European standard in 1993 with the EN 631 standard.[1][2][3]
The basic format is called "GN 1/1" and measures 530×325 mm, with other Gastronorm sizes being multiples and submultiples of this basic module size. Gastronorm containers allow for flexible, place efficient, and compatible storage, transport, processing, and serving and can be adapted for shelving, transport on trolleys and conveyor belts, secure temporary placement in compatible sinks, working tables, refrigerators, freezers, ovens, hot water baths, and compatible dishwashers, or display. Other products that have adopted the Gastronorm format include cutting boards and non-stick mats. Many professional food products are even packaged for optimal compatibility with Gastronorm containers, such as pizza base sizes, pre-baked breads, or frozen vegetables.
Materials most commonly used for the container are either stainless steel or plastic (transparent or non-transparent). Stackable baking trays and stainless steel containers are commonly used for cooking in an oven, while polycarbonate and polypropylene variants are suited for storage of cold foods. Porcelain or melamine containers are used for display.
History
[edit]
Gastronorm originated in Switzerland during the 1960s when various associations gathered and agreed on standard dimensions for movable kitchen inserts and containers such as pans, trays, wire racks as well as other kitchen utensils and equipment.[4] The goals of the standard was to maximize use of the capacity in ovens and fridges by introducing kitchenware in compatible square sizes that left no corners unused. The standard was first formalized 17 November 1964 when different Swiss hotel associations gathered and agreed on the basic metric size of 530 × 325 mm. Despite initial skepticism by chefs claiming that "gastronomy cannot be standardized"[citation needed], the Gastronorm (GN) format has since gained worldwide recognition and is used by a large majority of equipment manufacturers and users of professional kitchens worldwide. On 15 December 1993, the format was adopted by the European Committee for Standardization in the standard EN 631-1: 1993 "Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs - Catering containers - Dimensions of containers". Today almost all professional European kitchen equipment is built according to the gastronorm standard, enabling flexibility of kitchen operations across Europe when it comes to planning, transfer, delivery, storage and production.[citation needed]
Sizes
[edit]This section needs additional citations for verification. (March 2025) |

The Gastronorm system is based on fractional sizing, making different-sized GN containers interchangeable. For example, a GN 1/1 tray can be substituted with two GN 1/2 containers.
| Gastronorm size | Dimensions (mm) |
|---|---|
| GN2/1 | 650 × 530 |
| GN1/1 | 530 × 325 |
| GN2/3 | 355 × 325 |
| GN2/4 | 530 × 162 |
| GN1/2 | 325 × 265 |
| GN1/3 | 325 × 176 |
| GN1/4 | 265 × 162 |
| GN1/6 | 176 × 162 |
| GN1/9 | 176 × 108 |
Containers usually come in standard depths of 20 mm, 40 mm, 65 mm, 100 mm, 150 mm, 200 mm.[5]
Drain lids and lids with cut-outs such that a serving utensil can be placed into the container are common accessories. They are made in these sizes especially for the catering industry. There are also covers in the same measurements: GN 1/1, GN 1/2, GN 1/3, GN 2/1, GN 1/4, GN 1/6, GN 1/9, GN 2/3.
Other less common sizes are:
| Gastronorm size | Dimensions (mm) |
|---|---|
| GN2/8 | 324 x 132 |
| GN1/12 | 162 x 88 |
| GN2/24 | 132 x 108 |
| GN1/18 | 108 x 88 |
Materials
[edit]Containers can be made of stainless steel, enameled steel, metal covered with a non-stick surface, synthetic or composite materials, earthenware or porcelain. Containers can either have a closed or perforated bottom to facilitate draining or certain specialized types of cooking. Recently, fully compostable Gastronorm trays have also been introduced.[6]
Examples of use
[edit]- Electrical kitchen equipment: Gastronorm compatible kitchen equipment such as bain-maries that are designed solely to hold Gastronorm containers are available. Large mobile racks or serving carts are also available for storage and portability.
- Combi steamers: Both commercial and professional combi steamers typically utilize food racks with dimensions corresponding to Gastronorm specifications, most commonly either GN1/1 or GN2/3.[citation needed]
- Plates: A few companies (such as Olympia, Emile Henry, Genware) manufacture ranges of white porcelain dishes in Gastronorm sizes as serveware including decorative lids.
- Serving trays: Gastronorm-sized stainless steel or plastic serving plates are available.
- Bread warmers
- Colanders: Pans with holes so that ingredients can be drained. Can also be used for steaming inside an oven, or to soak the ingredients in an ice bath.
- Dishwashers[7]
- Cutting boards: Gastronorm compatible cutting board are available, for example in the sizes 1/1 and 1/2. For instance as an integral tray that slots in beneath chopping boards, so that food chops can be pushed easily into the tray for either later use or disposal.
- Chafing dish: Food stands are available which accepts Gastronorm sized pans and has an alcohol burner to keep food warm (above 60 °C (140 °F)), for example at a buffet.
Gallery
[edit]-
Gastronorm food warmers
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Gastronorm bains-marie
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Gastronorm containers used in a canteen
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Gastronorm-sized oven
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Gastronorm containers used in an ice cream parlor
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Ice cream served from stacked Gastronorm containers with ice between
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Gastronorm-sized baking trays
Competing standards
[edit]Professional kitchen equipment from America are often not built according to Gastronorm, but rather to national non-metric size standards. Both Gastronorm and non-Gastronorm pans are sometimes referred to as "hotel pans", "steam table pans", "service pans" or "counter pans",[8] but such names do not say anything about the underlying standard to which the equipment is constructed. Similar to Gastronorm, the American hotel pan system is based on a system of fractions, but with measurements which are non-metric and incompatible with Gastronorm. Hence, US pans can also be stacked and fit inside each other, similar to Gastronorm, but the two systems are incompatible.[citation needed]
| American size | Dimensions | |
|---|---|---|
| inches | (mm) | |
| US Full Size Pan | 12 × 20 | 305 × 508 |
| US Two-Thirds Pan | 12 × 13+1⁄3 | 305 × 339 |
| US Half Pan | 12 × 10 | 305 × 254 |
| US Half Pan Long | 6 × 20 | 152 × 508 |
| US Third Pan | 12 × 6+2⁄3 | 305 × 169 |
| US Quarter Pan | 6 × 10 | 152 × 254 |
| US Sixth Pan | 6 × 6+2⁄3 | 152 × 169 |
| US Ninth Pan | 4 × 6+2⁄3 | 102 × 169 |
Depth of American pans are referred to with numbers such as 100, 200, 400, 600 and 800, which roughly indicates their depth in inches when divided by 100. For example, a "200 pan" is about 2+1⁄2 in (64 mm) deep.[8] American hotel pans are also available in different steel gauges, which refers to the thickness of the metal. A higher number means a thinner pan, so a 20 gauge pan is thicker than a 22 gauge. US sized pans are also available with either wide or narrow brims. A narrow brim pan can be placed inside a wide brim pan to make an improvised bain marie. [9]
See also
[edit]- Cooking weights and measures
- Sheet pan
- Preferred metric sizes
- Eurocontainer, a system for boxes that can be used for reusable packaging for transport and storage
References
[edit]- ^ "GN Sizes PDF" (PDF). Retrieved 12 November 2014.
- ^ "GN Behaelter Normen". Retrieved 15 August 2019.
- ^ "DIN EN 631-1 (DIN standards)". Retrieved 15 August 2019.
- ^ A Guide to Gastro-Norm Pan Sizes - Learning Center - FWE
- ^ "GN Pans / Hotel Pans Buying Guide 2020". Archived from the original on 11 August 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- ^ « Castelsarrasin. Cellulopack : une barquette alimentaire 100% biodégradable » La Dépêche.fr, 3 juin 2016
- ^ Commercial Dishwashers & Glasswashers | CS Catering Equipment
- ^ a b "What are Hotel Pans?". The Official Wasserstrom Blog. 6 November 2018.
- ^ Kitchen Terminology Part One: Service Pans. Jacob Burton. 18 December 2011. Event occurs at 00:54 – via YouTube.
Further reading
[edit]- Offizielle Website (in German)
- Official Website (in Italian)
- Types of Gastronorm containers (in German)
Gastronorm
View on GrokipediaHistory and Standardization
Origins
The Gastronorm standard was introduced in Switzerland in 1964 by associations of kitchen equipment manufacturers and users, including the Swiss Association for Hospital, Home and Community Catering and the Swiss Hotel Association, who sought to establish uniform dimensions for mobile cooking vessels and containers in professional kitchens.[9][10] This initiative was led in part by the company Rieber, which launched the RieberNORMSET system—a stainless steel food container predecessor to the modern standard—that same year to promote compatibility across catering equipment.[3] The primary motivations behind the creation of the standard were to enhance operational efficiency in commercial kitchens by eliminating the inconsistencies in container and vessel sizes that previously required custom manufacturing and hindered seamless integration with appliances like ovens and refrigerators.[9][10] By standardizing dimensions, the associations aimed to reduce wasted space, improve food storage and transport, and foster greater interoperability among diverse kitchen tools, ultimately streamlining workflows in the hospitality and catering sectors.[9][3] Early efforts culminated in formal agreements among Swiss stakeholders, with a key meeting on 17 November 1964 where participants established the base dimension of 530 mm × 325 mm for the full-size Gastronorm container (GN 1/1), providing a modular grid for subsequent fractional and multiple sizes.[10][9] This foundational specification laid the groundwork for the standard's later expansion across Europe.[10]Development and Adoption
Following its initial establishment in Switzerland in 1964, the Gastronorm standard experienced significant expansion during the 1970s, particularly through German involvement that formalized its technical specifications. In Germany, the Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) introduced standard DIN 66075, which defined precise requirements for container dimensions, tolerances, and compatibility with catering equipment, such as cut-out sizes for insertion into appliances. This development facilitated voluntary adoption across Europe, as manufacturers began integrating the standard into professional kitchen designs to enhance interoperability and efficiency in food handling.[9] By the 1980s, Gastronorm had achieved widespread use throughout Europe, becoming a common framework for catering operations in hotels, restaurants, and institutional kitchens, driven by its practical benefits in storage, transport, and preparation. The standard's growing acceptance was supported by national bodies aligning with the emerging European harmonization efforts, leading to consistent implementation in equipment production. This period marked a shift from ad hoc regional practices to a more unified system, reducing logistical challenges in cross-border catering.[9] The formal standardization occurred in 1993 when the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) published EN 631, which codified the Gastronorm dimensions, materials tolerances, and performance criteria into an official European norm, superseding earlier voluntary guidelines like DIN 66075. EN 631-1 specifically outlined the container sizes and fitting requirements, ensuring precise interoperability across the continent. In the 1990s, the standard gained international recognition, with adoption in North America, Asia, and beyond through equipment manufacturers and global supply chains, establishing it as a de facto worldwide benchmark in professional catering. Today, nearly all European catering appliances adhere to Gastronorm, and its influence extends globally, underpinning efficient food service operations.[9][10][7]Dimensions and Sizes
Standard Sizes
The Gastronorm (GN) sizing system is a modular framework designed for professional kitchen containers, ensuring interoperability with equipment like ovens, refrigerators, and trolleys. The base size, GN 1/1, measures 530 mm in length by 325 mm in width, providing the reference module from which all other dimensions are derived through systematic division along the length or width axes.[1] This standardization, established under the European norm EN 631-1, facilitates efficient space utilization by allowing containers to nest within larger units or stack securely without instability.[11] Fractional sizes are created by halving (1/2, 1/4, 2/4), thirding (1/3, 1/6, 1/9), or combining these proportions of the base dimensions, primarily in rectangular configurations to optimize fitting. For instance, the GN 2/4 size (530 mm × 162 mm) uses the full length and half the width, enabling two units to nest precisely side-by-side within a GN 1/1 frame, ideal for portioning similar items like vegetables or meats.[12] Similarly, the GN 1/3 (325 mm × 176 mm) uses the full width and one-third the length, allowing three units to align along the length of a GN 1/1 for organized storage of sauces or garnishes. The GN 1/4 (265 mm × 162 mm) combines half-length and half-width, fitting four per GN 1/1; GN 1/6 (176 mm × 162 mm) accommodates six per base; and GN 1/9 (176 mm × 108 mm) fits nine, suiting small-batch preparations like condiments.[13] These proportions ensure minimal wasted space during stacking, as the uniform flange widths (typically 15-20 mm) align for stable vertical piling.[14] The full set comprises nine standard sizes derived from the base, encompassing rectangular forms for linear nesting and occasional square-like variants for compact applications. The GN 1/2 (325 mm × 265 mm) provides half the length with full width for balanced proportions. Larger derivatives include GN 2/1 (650 mm × 530 mm), doubling the dimensions for high-volume operations, and GN 2/3 (354 mm × 325 mm), providing two-thirds coverage along the length. Depths vary independently to pair with these bases, as detailed in related specifications.[15]| GN Size | Dimensions (mm, length × width) | Nesting Fit in GN 1/1 |
|---|---|---|
| GN 2/1 | 650 × 530 | N/A (double base) |
| GN 1/1 | 530 × 325 | Base unit |
| GN 2/3 | 354 × 325 | 1.5 units (along length) |
| GN 2/4 | 530 × 162 | 2 units (side-by-side) |
| GN 1/2 | 325 × 265 | 2 units (end-to-end) |
| GN 1/3 | 325 × 176 | 3 units (end-to-end) |
| GN 1/4 | 265 × 162 | 4 units (2×2 grid) |
| GN 1/6 | 176 × 162 | 6 units (3×2 grid) |
| GN 1/9 | 176 × 108 | 9 units (3×3 grid) |
Depth Specifications
The Gastronorm standard defines a series of nominal depths for containers, ensuring uniformity across professional catering equipment as per the European norm EN 631. These include 20 mm, 40 mm, 65 mm, 100 mm, 150 mm, and 200 mm, with manufacturing tolerances typically limited to ±1 mm for depths to maintain precise fit and interchangeability.[7][16][17] Capacities for Gastronorm containers are calculated using the formula for volume based on internal dimensions: approximately the product of the internal length, width (derived from the nominal horizontal size), and specified depth, minus allowances for rim and wall thickness. For instance, a GN 1/1 container (530 × 325 mm nominal) at 100 mm depth yields a capacity of about 13 liters when filled to near the rim. These depths directly impact stacking efficiency; shallower profiles enable higher stack counts in confined spaces like prep tables, while deeper ones optimize vertical storage but may limit overall stack height due to stability considerations under EN 631 guidelines.[18][19] Specialized depths address distinct operational needs, with shallow variants (20 mm and 40 mm) suited for display and portion control to minimize overflow risks, and deeper options (150 mm and 200 mm) for bulk storage and transport to maximize volume per unit. The EN 631 standard requires consistent rim configurations, including a stacking shoulder height of approximately 26 mm for anti-jamming alignment, and specifies drainage features such as side perforations in models from 65 mm depth to facilitate liquid runoff in perforated containers.[19][20]| Depth (mm) | Approximate Capacity for GN 1/1 (liters) | Key Impact on Stacking |
|---|---|---|
| 20 | 2.5 | High density, low volume |
| 40 | 5 | Balanced for shallow stacks |
| 65 | 8.5 | Versatile, standard fit |
| 100 | 13 | Moderate height increase |
| 150 | 19.5 | Bulk with shoulder support |
| 200 | 26 | Maximum volume, taller stacks |