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Center for Inquiry
Center for Inquiry
Center for Inquiry
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The Center for Inquiry (CFI) is a U.S. nonprofit organization that works to mitigate belief in pseudoscience and the paranormal and to fight the influence of religion in government.[1][2]

Key Information

History

[edit]

The Center for Inquiry was established in 1991 by atheist philosopher and author Paul Kurtz.[3] It brought together two organizations: the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (founded by Kurtz in 1976) and the Council for Secular Humanism (founded by Kurtz in 1980).[4][5] The Center for Inquiry Inc was registered as a tax-exempt nonprofit organization in April 2001.[6]

Kurtz, a humanist who founded CFI to offer a positive alternative to religion,[7] led the organization for thirty years.[8] In 2009, Kurtz said he was forced out of CFI after conflict with Ronald A. Lindsay, a corporate lawyer hired to become CEO in 2008.[8]

Robyn Blumner succeeded Lindsay as CEO in January 2016 when CFI announced that it was merging with the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science.[9][10][11][12]

Committee for Skeptical Inquiry

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Joe Nickell, Research Fellow at the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry, in office. Amherst, New York, 2013.

Through the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI), and its journal, Skeptical Inquirer magazine, published by the Center for Inquiry, CSI examines evidential claims of the paranormal or supernormal, including psychics, ghosts, telepathy, clairvoyance, UFOs, and creationism. It also hosts the CSICon.

They also examine pseudoscientific claims involving vaccines, cellphones, power lines, GMOs, and alternative medicine. In the area of religion, they examine beliefs that involve testable claims, such as faith healing and creationism, but stay away from untestable religious beliefs such as the existence of God.[13]

The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI), then known as the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP), was, alongside magician and prominent skeptic James Randi, sued by TV celebrity Uri Geller in the 1990s after Randi told a newspaper interviewer that Geller's tricks "are the kind that used to be on the back of cereal boxes when I was a kid."[14] The case ran for several years, and was ultimately settled in 1995 with Geller ordered to pay the legal costs of Randi and CSICOP.[15][16]

The Center for Inquiry Investigations Group

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Dominique Dawes & James Underdown discuss testing of Power Balance bracelets

The Investigations Group (Formerly the Independent Investigations Group), a volunteer group based at CFI Los Angeles, undertakes experimental testing of fringe claims.[17] It was founded by James Underdown, who is currently executive director of CFI West and a Fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry.[18] The Group offers a cash prize of US$500,000 for successful demonstration of supernatural effects.[19] This prize had been previously raised to US$250,000 when the IIG re-branded as the Center for Inquiry Investigations Group (CFIIG) in 2020 before it was raised again to the current amount.[20]

The IIG Awards (known as "Iggies") are presented for "scientific and critical thinking in mainstream entertainment". IIG has investigated, among other things, power bracelets, psychic detectives, and a 'telepathic wonder dog'.

Religion, ethics, and society

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Logo of the Council for Secular Humanism (CSH)

The center promotes critical inquiry into the foundations and social effects of the world religions. Since 1983, initially through its connection with Committee for the Scientific Examination of Religion, it has focused on such issues as fundamentalism in Christianity and Islam, humanistic alternatives to religious ethics, and religious sources of political violence. It has taken part in protests against religious persecution around the world[21] and opposes religious privilege, for example benefits for clergy in the US Tax Code.[22] In 2014 and 2017, respectively, the CFI won two lawsuits compelling the states of Illinois and Indiana to allow weddings to be performed by officiants who are neither religious clergy nor government officials. A similar lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of marriage law in Texas was dismissed in August 2019.[23]

CFI actively supports secular interests, such as secular state education.[24][25] It organizes conferences, such as Women In Secularism[26][27] and a conference focused on freethought advocate Robert Ingersoll.[28] CFI has provided meeting and conference facilities to other skeptical organizations, for example an atheist of color conference on social justice.[29][30]

CFI also undertakes atheist education and support activities,[31] for example sending freethought books to prisoners as part of its Freethought Books Project.[32][33]

CFI is active in advocating free speech,[34] and in promoting secular government.[35] It speaks against institutional religion in the armed forces.[36]

Free Inquiry is published by the Center for Inquiry, in association with the Council for Secular Humanism (CSH).

Publications

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Tom Flynn, editor of Free Inquiry, gives a presentation on the Freethought Trail.

The results of research and activities supported by the center and its affiliates are published and distributed to the public in seventeen separate national and international magazines, journals, and newsletters. Among them are CSH's Free Inquiry and Secular Humanist Bulletin,[37] and CSI's Skeptical Inquirer, CFI's American Rationalist.[38] The Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine, The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice[39] and Philo, a journal covering philosophical issues, are no longer being published.

In June 2020, CFI announced the "newly launched CFI online publication", Pensar, "the Spanish language magazine for science, reason, and freethought." It is published by Alejandro Borgo, director of CFI Argentina.[40][41]

CFI has produced the weekly radio show and podcast, Point of Inquiry, since 2005. Episodes are available free for download from iTunes. Its current hosts, as of June 2020, are Leighann Lord and James Underdown. Notable guests have included Steven Pinker, Neil deGrasse Tyson and Richard Dawkins.

Projects and programs

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Secular Rescue

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The Center for Inquiry has an emergency fund called Secular Rescue, formerly known as the Freethought Emergency Fund. Between 2015 and 2018, Secular Rescue helped thirty individuals fleeing anti-secular regimes gain asylum.[42]

Office of Public Policy

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The Office of Public Policy (OPP) is the Washington, D.C., political arm of the Center for Inquiry. The OPP's mandate is to lobby Congress and the Administration on issues related to science and secularism. This includes defending the separation of church and state, promoting science and reason as the basis of public policy, and advancing secular values.[43]

The OPP publishes position statements on its subjects of interest. Examples have included acupuncture, climate change, contraception and intelligent design.[44] The Office is an active participant in legal matters, providing experts for Congress testimony and amicus briefs in Supreme Court cases.[45] It publishes a list of bills it considers of interest as they pass through the U.S. legislative process.[46]

"Science and the Public" Master of Education program

[edit]

In partnership with the Graduate School of Education at the State University of New York at Buffalo, CFI offers an accredited Master of Education program in Science and the Public, available entirely online.[47] Aimed at students preparing for careers in research, science education, public policy, science journalism, or further study in sociology, history, and philosophy of science, science communication, education, or public administration, the program explores the methods and outlook of science as they intersect with public culture, scientific literacy, and public policy.

Quackwatch

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In February 2020, Quackwatch, founded by Stephen Barrett, became part of CFI, which announced it plans to maintain its various websites and to receive Barrett's library later in the year.[48]

ScienceSaves

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ScienceSaves is a nationwide pro-science campaign to generate an appreciation for the role of science. National Science Appreciation Day started in 2022 and is part of the ScienceSaves initiative and happens annually on March 26.[49] In 2022, CFI got proclamations declaring March 26 as National Science Appreciation Day from more than a dozen states.[50]

Teacher Institute for Evolutionary Science

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Main article: Teacher Institute for Evolutionary Science

This program provides teachers with tools to teach evolution.

Richard Dawkins Award

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Main article: Richard Dawkins Award

The Richard Dawkins Award is an annual award that was presented by the Atheist Alliance of America[51] up until July 2019, when it moved to the Center for Inquiry (CFI). According to the CFI press release, "The recipient will be a distinguished individual from the worlds of science, scholarship, education or entertainment, who publicly proclaims the values of secularism and rationalism, upholding scientific truth wherever it may lead".[52] The award has been presented since 2003, and is named after Richard Dawkins, an English evolutionary biologist who was named the world's top thinker in a 2013 reader's poll of Prospect magazine.[53]

Past projects and programs

[edit]

The following projects and programs are no longer active.

Camp Inquiry

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The Center for Inquiry organized an annual summer camp for children called Camp Inquiry,[54] focusing on scientific literacy, critical thinking, naturalism, the arts, humanities, and humanist ethical development.[55] Camp Inquiry has been described as "a summer camp for kids with questions"[56] where spooky stories were followed by "reverse engineering sessions" as the participants were encouraged to determine the cause of an apparently supernatural experience. Camp Inquiry has been criticised as "Jesus Camp in reverse"; its organisers countered that the camp is not exclusive to atheist children and that campers are encouraged to draw their own conclusions based on empirical and critical thinking.

CFI Institute

[edit]

The Center for Inquiry Institute[57] offered undergraduate level online courses, seminars, and workshops in critical thinking and the scientific outlook and its implications for religion, human values, and the borderlands of science. In addition to transferable undergraduate credit through the University at Buffalo system, CFI offered a thirty-credit-hour Certificate of Proficiency in Critical Inquiry. The three-year curriculum plan offered summer sessions at the main campus at the University at Buffalo in Amherst.

Medicine and health

[edit]

The Commission for Scientific Medicine and Mental Health (CSMMH)[58] stimulated critical scientific scrutiny of New Age medicine and the schools of psychotherapy. It supported naturalistic addiction recovery practices through Secular Organizations for Sobriety. CFI challenges the claims of alternative medicine[59] and advocates a scientific basis for healthcare.[60][61] CSMMH papers have covered topics such as pseudoscience in autism treatments[62] and in psychiatry.[63]

Naturalism Research Project

[edit]

CFI also ran the Naturalism Research Project, a major effort to develop the theoretical and practical applications of philosophical naturalism. As part of this project, CFI's libraries, research facilities, and conference areas were available to scientists and scholars to advance the understanding of science's methodologies and conclusions about naturalism.[64]

Activities of the Naturalism Research Project included lectures and seminars by visiting fellows and scholars; academic conferences; and support CFI publications of important research. Among the central issues of naturalism include the exploration of varieties of naturalism; problems in philosophy of science; the methodologies of scientific inquiry; naturalism and humanism; naturalistic ethics; planetary ethics; and naturalism and the biosciences.[65]

Organization and locations

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Several wall-mounted bookshelves contain books of various colors
CFI's Rare Book Room, located at their Amherst, New York Headquarters

CFI is a nonprofit body registered as a charity in the United States.[66] It has 17 locations in the U.S., and has 16 international branches or affiliated organizations.[67] The organization has Centers For Inquiry in Amherst, New York (its headquarters), Los Angeles, New York City, Tampa Bay, Washington, D.C., Indiana, Austin, Chicago, San Francisco and Michigan.[68]

International activities

[edit]

CFI has branches, representation or affiliated organizations in countries around the world.[68] It organizes its international activities under the banner Center For Inquiry Transnational. In addition, CFI holds consultative status to the United Nations as an NGO under the UN Economic and Social Council.[69] The center participates in UN Human Rights Council debates, for example a debate on the subject of female genital mutilation during 2014.[70]

University exchange programs

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International programs exist in Germany (Rossdorf), France (Nice), Spain (Bilbao), Poland (Warsaw), Nigeria (Ibadan), Uganda (Kampala), Kenya (Nairobi), Nepal (Kathmandu), India (Pune and Hyderabad), Egypt (Cairo), China (Beijing), New Zealand (Auckland), Peru (Lima), Argentina (Buenos Aires), Senegal (Dakar), Zambia (Lusaka), and Bangladesh (Dhaka).[71]

Centre for Inquiry Canada

[edit]
Main article: Centre for Inquiry Canada

CFI Canada (CFIC) is the Canadian branch of CFI Transnational, headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Justin Trottier served as National Executive Director from 2007 to 2011. Originally established and supported in part by CFI Transnational, CFI Canada has become an independent Canadian national organization with several provincial branches. CFI Canada has branches in Halifax, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Saskatoon, Calgary, Okanagan (Kelowna), and Vancouver.

Affiliate organizations

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List of affiliates

[edit]

Organizations affiliated with the Center for Inquiry include:

Institute for the Secularisation of Islamic Society

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The Institute for the Secularisation of Islamic Society (ISIS) is an organization of writers that promotes the ideas of secularism, democracy and human rights within Islamic society.[74][75][76] Founded in 1998 by former Muslims, the best known being Ibn Warraq,[77] the group aims to combat theologically driven fanaticism, violence and terrorism. The organization subscribes to the rule of secular law, freedom of speech and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It does not promote any belief system or religious dogma.

In the media

[edit]

CFI participates in media debates on science, health,[78] religion and its other areas of interest. Its "Keep Healthcare Safe and Secular" campaign promotes scientifically sound healthcare.[61][79] It has been an outspoken critic of dubious and unscientific healthcare practices, and engages in public debate on the merit and legality of controversial medical techniques. In 2014, CEO Ron Lindsay publicly criticized Stanislaw Burzynski's controversial Texas cancer clinic.[80]

CFI campaigns for a secular society, for example in opposing the addition of prayer text on public property.[81] The center supports secular and free speech initiatives.[82]

On November 14, 2006, the CFI opened its Office of Public Policy in Washington, DC, and issued a declaration "In Defense of Science and Secularism", which calls for public policy to be based on science rather than faith.[83] The next day The Washington Post ran an article about it entitled "Think Tank Will Promote Thinking".[1]

In 2011, video expert James Underdown of IIG and CFI Los Angeles did an experiment for "Miracle Detective" Oprah Winfrey Network which replicated exactly the angelic apparition that people claim cured a 14-year-old severely disabled child at Presbyterian Hemby Children's Hospital in Charlotte, North Carolina. The "angel" was sunlight from a hidden window, and the girl remained handicapped.[84]

Consumer fraud lawsuits against CVS and Walmart

[edit]

In July 2018, CFI filed suit against CVS in the District of Columbia for consumer fraud over its sale and marketing of ineffective homeopathic medicine. The lawsuit in part accused the CVS of deceiving consumers through its misrepresentation of homeopathy's safety and effectiveness, wasting customers' money and putting their health at risk. Nicholas Little, CFI's Vice President and General Counsel said, "CVS is taking cynical advantage of their customers' confusion and trust in the CVS brand, and putting their health at risk to make a profit and they can't claim ignorance. If the people in charge of the country's largest pharmacy don't know that homeopathy is bunk, they should be kept as far away from the American healthcare system as possible."[85] In May 2019, CFI announced that they have filed a similar suit against Walmart for their range of homeopathic products.[86][87] In July 2019, CFI announced that the Stiefel Freethought Foundation was contributing an additional $150,000 to the previously committed $100,000 to support the two lawsuits.[88] In 2020 both cases were dismissed.[89] In September 2022 the District of Columbia's Court of Appeals revived the lawsuits.[90]

Sikivu Hutchinson speaking at the Center for Inquiry, Washington, DC, in 2010

Lack of racial diversity on its board of directors

[edit]

In 2016, the atheist Sikivu Hutchinson criticized the merger of the secular organizations Center for Inquiry and the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science, which gave Richard Dawkins a seat on the board of directors of the Center for Inquiry. Her criticism was that both organizations had all white boards of directors.[91]

Wyndgate Country Club and Richard Dawkins, 2011

[edit]

During Richard Dawkins' October 2011 book tour, Center for Inquiry – the tour's sponsor – signed a contract with Wyndgate Country Club in Rochester Hills, Michigan, as the venue site. After seeing an interview with Dawkins on The O'Reilly Factor, an official at the club cancelled Dawkins' appearance. Dawkins said that the country club official accepted Bill O'Reilly's "twisted" interpretation of his book The Magic of Reality without having read it personally.[92][93] Sean Faircloth said that cancelling the reading "really violates the basic principles of America ... The Civil Rights Act ... prohibits discrimination based on race or religious viewpoint. ... [Dawkins has] published numerous books ... to explain science to the public, so it's rather an affront, to reason in general, to shun him as they did."[94] CFI Michigan executive director Jeff Seaver stated that "This action by The Wyndgate illustrates the kind of bias and bigotry that nonbelievers encounter all the time."[95][96] Following the cancellation, protests and legal action by CFI against the Wyndgate Country Club were pursued.[97][98] In 2013 this case was settled in favor of the Center For Inquiry.[99]

CSH actions against faith-based initiatives

[edit]

In 2007, CSH sued the Florida Department of Corrections (DOC) to block the use of state funds in contracts to faith-based programs for released inmates, claiming that this use is prohibited under the "No Aid" provision or Blaine amendment of the Florida constitution. The initial decision found in favor of the DOC but, on appeal, the case was remanded in 2010 on just the issue of the unconstitutionality of appropriating state funds for this purpose.[100]

While this case was in progress, after the appellate finding, Republican legislators began an effort to amend the Florida constitution to remove the language of the Blaine amendment, succeeding in 2011 to place the measure on the 2012 ballot as amendment 8.[101][102] The ballot measure failed.[102][103]

In 2015, CHS (now CFI) and the state (along with its co-defendants) both filed for summary judgement. The court granted the state's motion in January, 2016, allowing the contested contracting practice to continue.[104] After consideration, CFI announced in February, 2016, that it would not appeal.[105][106]

Heckled at the UN

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CFI representative Josephine Macintosh[107] was repeatedly interrupted and heckled by the delegation from Saudi Arabia whilst presenting the center's position on censorship at the UN Human Rights Council. CFI advocated free speech, and opposed the punishment by Saudi authorities of Raif Badawi for running an Internet forum, whom they accused of atheism and liberalism. CFI's statement was supported by the American, Canadian, Irish, and French delegates.[34]

Blasphemy Day

[edit]
Main article: Blasphemy Day

Blasphemy Rights Day International encourages individuals and groups to openly express their criticism of or outright contempt for religion. It was founded in 2009 by the Center for Inquiry.[108] A student contacted the Center for Inquiry in Amherst, New York, to present the idea, which CFI then supported. Ronald Lindsay, president and CEO of the Center for Inquiry, said regarding Blasphemy Day, "We think religious beliefs should be subject to examination and criticism just as political beliefs are, but we have a taboo on religion", in an interview with CNN.[109] It takes place every September 30 to coincide with the anniversary of the publications of the controversial Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons.

Blasphemy Day and CFI's related Blasphemy Contests[110] started (in CFI's own words) "a firestorm of controversy".[110] The use of confrontational free speech has been a topic of debate within the Humanist movement[111][8] and cited as an example of a wider move towards New Atheism and away from the more conciliatory approach historically associated with Humanism.[7][112]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Center for Inquiry

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from Grokipedia
The Center for Inquiry (CFI) is a 501(c)(3) founded in 1991 by philosopher to foster a secular society grounded in science, reason, freedom of inquiry, and humanist values. It emerged as an umbrella institution uniting the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the (CSICOP, established 1976) and the Council for Democratic and (CODESH, established 1980), both initiated by Kurtz to promote against and advocate naturalistic ethics over supernatural beliefs. Headquartered near the in , CFI operates a network of over 40 branches and communities worldwide, conducting research, education, and advocacy to defend evidence-based decision-making and challenge superstition, , and undue religious influence in . Its programs include the publication of magazines such as (via its ) and Free Inquiry, hosting conferences like those on and , and maintaining an Office of Public Policy in Washington, D.C., to support church-state separation and scientific integrity in governance. Among its defining characteristics, CFI has been instrumental in the modern movement, drawing inspiration from figures like , , and , while facing internal controversies, including Kurtz's 2010 departure amid disputes over leadership and emphasis on "" versus eupraxsophy—a practical without doctrinal rigidity. The organization continues to prioritize empirical scrutiny of extraordinary claims, contributing to public discourse on topics from investigations to , though critics have accused it of insufficient attention to issues within secular communities.

History

Origins in Skepticism and Humanism (1970s–1990)

In the 1970s, a surge in popular interest in pseudoscientific topics, including astrology, unidentified flying objects (UFOs), and psychic phenomena, coincided with cultural disillusionment following events like the Vietnam War and Watergate, prompting calls for empirical scrutiny over anecdotal or faith-based explanations. Philosopher Paul Kurtz, then a professor at the State University of New York at Buffalo, responded by convening the first national conference on "The New Irrationalisms" in 1975, which highlighted the need for organized scientific investigation into paranormal claims. Kurtz founded the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP) in 1976 as a nonprofit dedicated to testing extraordinary assertions through rigorous, evidence-based methods. The organization attracted luminaries such as astronomer , author , psychologist , and mathematician , who served on its founding executive board and contributed to early investigative efforts. CSICOP's inaugural publication, The Zetetic (renamed The Skeptical Inquirer in 1977), provided a platform for peer-reviewed critiques of unsubstantiated claims, emphasizing and reproducible evidence over . Complementing this skeptical focus, Kurtz established the Council for Democratic and Secular Humanism (CODESH) in 1980 to advance ethical systems grounded in reason, science, and human potential without reliance on supernatural doctrines. CODESH promoted secular humanism as a positive alternative to religious dogma, issuing declarations like A Secular Humanist Declaration (1980) that outlined commitments to democracy, individual rights, and naturalistic morality. By the late 1980s, these entities—CSICOP and CODESH—had cultivated networks of researchers and educators, fostering a movement that prioritized causal explanations derived from observable data over mystical interpretations.

Founding and Early Expansion (1991–2000)

The Center for Inquiry (CFI) was established in 1991 in Amherst, New York, by philosopher Paul Kurtz as a unified headquarters merging the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP, later renamed the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry) and the Council for Democratic and Secular Humanism (CODESH, later the Council for Secular Humanism). This structural integration combined scientific skepticism's focus on investigating paranormal claims with secular humanism's advocacy for naturalistic ethics and values, creating a centralized institution to advance reason-based inquiry. The headquarters was located adjacent to the University at Buffalo's North Campus, where Kurtz had been a philosophy professor since 1965, facilitating academic ties and resource sharing. From its inception, CFI incorporated foundational facilities for research, including an initial housing collections on , , and related naturalistic materials to support scholarly work in these areas. This served as an early hub for preserving and accessing resources dedicated to empirical and rational approaches, laying the groundwork for expanded centers. Under Kurtz's leadership as founder and chair, the organization began consolidating operations, publications like and Free Inquiry, and programmatic efforts to promote secular perspectives against faith-based dominance in public ethics and policy. Throughout the , CFI pursued initial growth by hosting conferences and events that highlighted the integration of skeptical methodologies with humanist principles, such as those continuing CSICOP's tradition of international gatherings examining and . Early outreach emphasized domestic consolidation before broader international expansion, with efforts focused on building institutional capacity in Amherst to foster a network of advocates. By 2000, this phase had solidified CFI's role as a key proponent of and , though formal European branches emerged later in the decade.

Institutional Growth and Challenges (2000–2015)

In 2006, the Center for Inquiry established its Office of Public Policy in Washington, D.C., on November 14, to advance secular governance and counter religious influence in federal legislation, including critiques of faith-based funding expansions under the Bush administration. This initiative marked a strategic pivot toward direct policy engagement, issuing the Declaration in Defense of Science and Secularism to rally support against encroachments on empirical standards in public affairs. CFI's advocacy against pseudomedicine grew through the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry's ongoing investigations and publications in Skeptical Inquirer, targeting unsubstantiated therapies like homeopathy with calls for regulatory scrutiny, as evidenced by petitions to agencies such as the FDA emphasizing the need for evidence-based labeling. These efforts aligned with broader institutional expansion, including sustained operations at branches like the Center for Inquiry–Los Angeles, fostering regional outreach on pseudoscience critiques. Internal tensions surfaced in 2009 when founder Paul Kurtz resigned amid disputes with board leadership, including CEO Ronald Lindsay, over organizational direction; Kurtz advocated a conciliatory humanism, while successors pursued a more confrontational approach resonant with "new atheism" proponents like Richard Dawkins, whom CFI featured in forums critiquing faith-based epistemologies. This schism highlighted ideological fractures, with Kurtz launching a rival institute, exacerbating funding strains from donor reevaluations tied to leadership stability. By 2015, CFI addressed structural challenges through mergers integrating the Council for Secular Humanism and as internal programs, enhancing operational efficiency and positioning the organization for amplified secular advocacy without diluting core skeptical commitments. These consolidations mitigated prior silos while navigating debates over alignment with assertive , prioritizing empirical rigor over accommodation.

Recent Developments and Leadership Transitions (2016–Present)

In December 2015, Ronald A. Lindsay announced his resignation as president and CEO of the Center for Inquiry, effective December 31, 2015, concluding his tenure amid the organization's merger preparations. Robyn E. Blumner assumed the role of CEO and president in early 2016, leveraging her background in civil liberties advocacy to steer CFI toward enhanced policy engagement and resource integration following the merger with the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason & Science, which bolstered CFI's operational capacity and outreach. Under Blumner's leadership, CFI intensified digital advocacy, including legislative alerts and online campaigns against pseudoscientific exemptions in public health policy. In August 2025, the organization mobilized supporters in Massachusetts to back H.2554, a bill aimed at eliminating religious exemptions for routine childhood immunizations in schools to strengthen herd immunity and reduce outbreak risks. Concurrently, CFI sustained flagship events like CSICon, announcing the 2026 edition for June 11–14 in Buffalo, New York, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry with programming on skepticism's future amid anti-science trends. CFI's Secular Rescue program adapted to escalating global threats against freethinkers, providing emergency relocation and support to over a dozen activists from high-risk areas like since its inception, with ongoing efforts documented in 2025 amid authoritarian crackdowns on secular expression. These initiatives reflect CFI's pivot toward proactive defense of inquiry against ideological encroachments, prioritizing evidence-based responses over accommodation of faith-based privileges.

Mission and Principles

Core Commitments to Science, Reason, and Secularism

The Center for Inquiry (CFI) maintains a foundational commitment to advancing a secular society through the primacy of reason, science, and freedom of inquiry, explicitly rejecting dogmatic assertions in favor of evidence-based evaluation. This ideology emphasizes philosophical naturalism, positing that explanations for natural phenomena must derive from observable, testable mechanisms rather than supernatural interventions. CFI's mission underscores falsifiability as central to valid knowledge claims, aligning with the scientific method's requirement that hypotheses be open to empirical disproof, thereby dismissing unfalsifiable propositions like paranormal events or divine causation. In governance and ethics, CFI advocates for policies insulated from religious imposition, grounded in causal realism—the view that events arise from verifiable chains of natural causes, not faith-derived absolutes. This extends to secular humanism, which CFI frames as a rational ethical system prioritizing human welfare through critical analysis, free from reliance on transcendent authority. Such humanism critiques faith-based morality for fostering unsubstantiated relativism or absolutism, instead deriving principles from empirical consequences and shared human needs, as articulated in CFI-affiliated declarations skeptical of redemption theories or untested dogmas. CFI distinguishes its approach from passive by proactively championing skeptical tools to interrogate all beliefs, integrating humanism's affirmative with scientific scrutiny to promote societal over mere negation of . This proactive stance fosters inquiry as a constructive force, encouraging evidence-driven decision-making across , policy, and personal conduct, rather than halting at disbelief.

Ideological Foundations: Skepticism versus Faith-Based Claims

The Center for Inquiry (CFI) grounds its ideology in , which demands and for all truth claims, including those rooted in religious faith. Religious doctrines, by contrast, often rely on unfalsifiable assertions—such as divine intervention or an —that evade testing and thus fail basic criteria of rational evaluation, as articulated by CFI founder , who argued that faith-based creeds pretentiously claim authority without sufficient evidential warrant. Historically, such claims have intersected with , resisting naturalistic accounts like in favor of that lack predictive power or empirical support. CFI advocates naturalistic explanations as causally adequate for human phenomena traditionally attributed to the . , for instance, emerges from evolutionary processes fostering and reciprocity, rather than divine command, enabling grounded in observable human behavior and reason. , similarly, arises from neural complexity without requiring immaterial , aligning with neuroscientific data on function over dualistic faith posits. These views prioritize causal chains verifiable through , dismissing faith's explanatory gaps as unnecessary invocations of untestable agents. Central to CFI's stance is the defense of unrestricted inquiry against faith-enforced boundaries, exemplified by opposition to blasphemy laws that shield religious claims from criticism and stifle empirical scrutiny. Established in 2009, CFI's International Blasphemy Rights Day underscores this commitment, asserting that no doctrine merits legal protection from rational challenge, as such censorship perpetuates unfalsifiable beliefs over evidence-based discourse. Religious advocates counter that faith yields social utility, such as enhanced community cohesion and moral intuition, purportedly superior to skepticism's purported moral relativism. CFI rebuts this with data indicating that secular, naturalistic frameworks sustain ethical behavior effectively—evidenced by low crime and high societal trust in predominantly non-religious nations like Denmark and Sweden—while priming religious cues can sometimes amplify punitive rather than prosocial tendencies, undermining claims of faith's unique causal efficacy for morality. Thus, CFI maintains that truth-seeking demands evidence over utility, as beneficial effects do not validate ontologically flawed premises.

Evolution from Humanism to Broader Freethought Advocacy

The Center for Inquiry, initially rooted in Paul Kurtz's vision of , emphasized eupraxophy—a framework for ethical living and personal fulfillment grounded in reason and empirical rather than supernatural doctrines—as a constructive alternative to religious worldviews. This approach sought to build affirmative secular values, including individual autonomy and naturalistic ethics, while critiquing and claims through affiliated bodies like the Council for . The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, catalyzed a pivot toward more assertive freethought advocacy, aligning CFI with the "new atheism" surge that demanded unyielding opposition to faith-based epistemologies, particularly in light of religiously motivated violence. This shift prioritized exposing the causal harms of collectivist religious dogmas—such as theocratic impulses—over accommodationist strategies, integrating influences from figures like Richard Dawkins and Sam Harris while applying skeptical scrutiny to ideological overreach in any domain. Kurtz's 2009 resignation as board chairman highlighted ensuing tensions, as he argued the organization had veered into "angry atheism," diluting focus on shared humanistic principles with moderate nonbelievers or ethical religionists in favor of confrontation. Subsequent CFI leadership, exemplified by Tom Flynn's editorial influence at Free Inquiry, broadened advocacy to encompass defenses of individual liberty against both traditional religious orthodoxies and emerging secular dogmas that echoed collectivist . This drew acclaim for its unflinching causal realism in linking unsubstantiated beliefs to societal costs, fostering bolder policy engagements on church-state separation and . Critics, however, contended it risked isolating potential allies by eschewing pragmatic coalitions, potentially hindering humanism's appeal amid cultural polarization.

Organizational Structure

Governance and Leadership

The Center for Inquiry operates as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit under the oversight of a volunteer , chaired by constitutional Edward Tabash as of 2024, which holds responsibility for strategic direction, financial management, and mission alignment. The board comprises individuals with expertise in , , and , ensuring decisions prioritize evidence-based and secular principles over ideological influences. Robyn E. Blumner, a with prior experience leading the Foundation for Reason and Science, assumed the role of President and CEO in following the organizations' merger and the departure of predecessor Ronald A. Lindsay. Under Blumner's tenure, leadership has emphasized legal advocacy, including challenges to religious exemptions in public policy and defenses of free speech in scientific discourse. This approach builds on a 2009 transition initiated by founder , who shifted from day-to-day executive duties to an emeritus role, enabling a pivot from Kurtz's emphasis on philosophical to streamlined operational management focused on policy impact and institutional growth. CFI's funding relies predominantly on private donations and membership dues, which constituted over $5.6 million in contributions for recent fiscal years reported by the , fostering independence from government grants or religious affiliations. Board-level oversight includes regular reviews of programs and expenditures to uphold empirical standards, such as vetting claims through scientific methodologies before public endorsement. This structure reinforces CFI's operational integrity by mandating transparency in decision-making and adherence to verifiable evidence in advocacy efforts.

Headquarters, Branches, and Affiliates

The Center for Inquiry (CFI) maintains its primary headquarters at 3965 Rensch Road in , a facility that houses administrative operations, research resources, and the CFI Libraries, which include extensive collections on , , and naturalism across multiple specialized reading rooms. This location, situated near the University at Buffalo's North Campus, supports core programs such as editorial offices for affiliated publications and hosts events through the local CFI branch. CFI also operates executive offices in , at 621 Pennsylvania Avenue SE, focused on policy advocacy and outreach, and maintains a presence in , , at 4773 for West Coast activities. CFI's networked structure includes domestic branches such as those in Austin, Texas; Indianapolis, Indiana; and Michigan, which conduct local events, lectures, and community programs aligned with CFI's mission of promoting reason and science. Key affiliates encompass the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI), which operates as a programmatic division dedicated to investigating pseudoscience and publishing the Skeptical Inquirer magazine, and the Centre for Inquiry Canada (CFIC), a partnered entity with headquarters in Ottawa, Ontario, that runs volunteer-led branches across Canada for secular education and advocacy. These affiliates extend CFI's operational scale by leveraging shared resources while maintaining semi-autonomous structures for regional engagement. Additional partnerships include collaborations with specialized institutes, such as those advancing secular perspectives on religion, though CFI emphasizes operational independence in its core research into naturalistic worldviews through dedicated library and archival resources at the Amherst headquarters. This distributed model enables CFI to coordinate advocacy and inquiry efforts without centralizing all functions, supporting a total footprint that includes student chapters and community groups mapped via CFI's online directory.

International Operations and Partnerships

The Center for Inquiry maintains international branches and representatives in multiple countries, including , , , and , to extend its advocacy for reason, science, and beyond the . These affiliates organize local events, lectures, and community outreach tailored to regional contexts, such as promoting in areas with strong religious influences. For instance, CFI , established in the late through collaboration with CFI's for project, has focused on humanist education and countering in for over two decades. A cornerstone of CFI's global efforts is the Secular Rescue program, launched on September 30, 2016, which provides emergency financial, legal, and relocation assistance to secular writers, bloggers, activists, and apostates facing death threats or persecution in high-risk regions, particularly Muslim-majority countries like Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia. The program has facilitated the escape and resettlement of dozens of individuals, with ongoing cases involving weekly inquiries from those fleeing blasphemy accusations or fatwas; by 2022, it continued to support exiles advocating human rights and nonbelief amid persistent dangers. This initiative collaborates with networks of ex-Muslims and freethinkers, emphasizing aid to those renouncing Islam under threat of violence from theocratic enforcement. CFI holds special consultative status with the since 2005, enabling participation in global forums to advance secular policies and critique religious encroachments on , such as laws. Partnerships extend to academic and advocacy exchanges, though specific university programs remain limited; efforts include promoting scientific curricula through international representatives and alliances with groups like the merged Foundation, enhancing outreach in and beyond. Challenges persist from theocratic regimes, where local branches encounter and hostility—evidenced by Secular Rescue's documented rescues from extrajudicial killings—yet these operations have sustained measurable outcomes, including protected lives and amplified voices against faith-based oppression.

Programs and Initiatives

Skeptical Inquiry and Investigations

The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI), a core program of the Center for Inquiry, promotes scientific inquiry and critical investigation into controversial claims, including those involving the paranormal, pseudoscience, and extraordinary assertions. Established as the successor to the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal in 2006, CSI employs empirical methods such as controlled experiments, statistical analysis, and peer-reviewed evaluation to test hypotheses, favoring reproducible evidence over subjective anecdotes or unverified testimony. CSI's investigations span topics like UFO sightings, psychic abilities, and alternative therapies, with findings disseminated through its bimonthly publication Skeptical Inquirer, which has critiqued unsubstantiated claims in areas from astrology to ghost recordings since its inception in 1976. For instance, in September 2019, CSI examined an alleged electronic voice phenomenon audio purported to capture a ghost, applying audio forensics and environmental controls to attribute the sounds to mundane sources rather than supernatural origins. These efforts underscore CSI's commitment to methodological rigor, often revealing cognitive biases or misinterpretations as explanations for apparent anomalies. The CFI Investigations Group extends this skeptical approach to consumer protection, targeting fraud linked to pseudoscientific products. In 2018, CFI filed a lawsuit against CVS, alleging deceptive marketing of homeopathic remedies that lack scientific efficacy, arguing such practices mislead consumers into forgoing evidence-based treatments. Courts have recognized CFI's expertise in pseudoscience as qualifying it to challenge these claims under consumer protection laws. In February 2020, CFI incorporated , a longstanding resource combating health through evidence-based critiques of unproven treatments and devices, bolstering its influence on regulatory policies against medical . This integration has amplified CFI's role in exposing fraudulent schemes, such as exaggerated claims for supplements or therapies, thereby contributing to informed public discourse and potential legislative reforms.

Secular Advocacy and Policy Engagement

The Center for Inquiry maintains an Office of Public Policy in Washington, D.C., led by Director of Government Affairs Azhar Majeed since July 2021, which conducts lobbying and advocacy to promote evidence-based policymaking and restrict religious influence on government decisions. This office opposes federal funding for faith-based social service programs, arguing that such initiatives risk entangling government with religious doctrine and undermining secular governance principles. In education policy, CFI has lobbied against school voucher programs that divert public funds to private religious institutions, as seen in its 2017 condemnation of a proposed $1 billion allocation under the Trump administration, contending that such measures erode the separation of church and state. CFI supports policies prioritizing over religious exemptions, including efforts to eliminate faith-based opt-outs from mandates. For instance, in response to ongoing debates over requirements, CFI has advocated for uniform, science-driven rules without religious carve-outs, highlighting correlations between such exemptions and increased outbreaks based on epidemiological data. This stance aligns with CFI's broader push in 2025 for policies countering pseudoscientific challenges to measures, such as those amplified by figures questioning efficacy. To challenge religious taboos constraining free expression, CFI initiated International Blasphemy Day on September 30, 2009, commemorating the Danish Muhammad cartoons controversy and promoting open critique of sacred doctrines as essential to secular discourse. The annual event underscores CFI's policy goal of defending speech rights against blasphemy laws, which it views as tools for theocratic control rather than legitimate protections of belief. While CFI's advocacy emphasizes curbing institutional religious privilege to safeguard pluralistic governance, some internal and external critiques note potential tensions with individual liberties, such as when policy enforcement might infringe on personal conscience absent empirical harm.

Education and Public Outreach Programs

The Center for Inquiry's Teacher Institute for Evolutionary Science (TIES) delivers to elementary and educators, supplying content knowledge, lesson plans, and strategies for teaching in alignment with while addressing common objections from non-scientific perspectives. Originating from workshops initiated by the Foundation for Reason & Science in 2015, TIES integrated into CFI's programs and marked its tenth anniversary in April 2025 with expanded online resources, including webinars featuring scientists and full curriculum units on and common ancestry. These efforts target regions with curricular resistance to , enabling teachers to integrate evidence-based without relying on unsubstantiated alternatives. Complementing classroom-focused initiatives, CFI's ScienceSaves campaign disseminates public education on empirical methods by documenting verifiable instances where scientific innovations—such as vaccines, clean water technologies, and medical diagnostics—have demonstrably enhanced human health and welfare, in contrast to unproven pseudoscientific claims. Launched to foster science appreciation, it includes teacher toolkits for incorporating these narratives into curricula, alongside an annual video scholarship contest that awards funding to student-produced content highlighting science's practical impacts; the 2025 contest concluded with winners selected in May. The program also advocates for National Science Appreciation Day on March 26, drawing on documented historical and contemporary data to underscore causal links between scientific inquiry and societal progress. CFI hosts CSICon, an annual conference dedicated to advancing critical thinking through keynote addresses, panels, and workshops on topics ranging from pseudoscience debunking to evidence-based policy, attracting hundreds of participants including educators and students to Las Vegas for immersive skeptical discourse. Events feature speakers like climate scientist Michael E. Mann and biologist Peter Hotez, emphasizing empirical validation over anecdotal or faith-derived assertions, with 2026 programming headlined by Bill Nye. Previously, CFI ran Camp Inquiry, a residential summer program for children aged 8–17 that combined recreational activities with hands-on experiments in scientific method and rational inquiry to cultivate early skepticism toward unsubstantiated beliefs; it operated from 2005 until its closure in 2015 due to resource constraints, leaving a legacy of alumni reports on sustained interest in evidence-based reasoning.

Discontinued or Evolved Projects

The Center for Inquiry operated Camp Inquiry, a residential summer camp program in Holland, New York, designed to teach children aged 7-16 critical thinking, skepticism, and scientific inquiry through activities free from supernatural or religious frameworks. The camp ran annually from 2006 to 2015, marking its tenth and final year in the latter. Its discontinuation reflected resource limitations in maintaining specialized youth programs, with CFI shifting focus toward broader outreach amid financial pressures following organizational mergers and consolidations. The Naturalism Research Project, launched in 2007 to promote philosophical naturalism via fellowships, library expansions, and conferences such as "The Future of Naturalism," evolved from a standalone initiative into components of CFI's wider research on and . Early successes included hosting scholars like and expanding resources for naturalistic ethics, but the project's discrete structure was absorbed into ongoing programs by the mid-2010s, prioritizing integrated advocacy over isolated academic pursuits. CFI's targeted campaigns on medicine and health , including critiques of alternative therapies through affiliated outlets like , were gradually incorporated into core skeptical inquiry efforts rather than maintained as distinct projects. This evolution underscored strengths in compiling empirical critiques of unproven treatments—such as data on —but revealed limitations in achieving long-term policy shifts, as fragmented initiatives yielded insights better sustained via centralized . Overall, these transitions highlighted trade-offs between innovative experimentation and scalable impact, with data-driven outputs enduring despite program sunsets.

Publications and Awards

Magazines, Books, and Media Outlets

The Center for Inquiry (CFI) publishes Skeptical Inquirer, a bimonthly magazine founded in 1976 by the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI), an affiliate organization dedicated to promoting scientific inquiry and debunking pseudoscience. The publication features articles on paranormal claims, scientific skepticism, and rational analysis, serving as a primary outlet for empirical critiques of unsubstantiated beliefs. CFI also produces Free Inquiry, established in 1980 under the Council for Secular Humanism, another affiliate, as a bimonthly journal exploring , , and critiques of religious from a naturalistic perspective. It claims to be the largest-circulation English-language magazine focused on value-rich lives without , with an average print circulation of 30,000 copies per issue. Through its historical association with —founded in 1969 by CFI co-founder —CFI has supported the publication of over 2,500 titles emphasizing , , and empirical examinations of and . Notable examples include edited volumes like Science and : Are They Compatible? (2003), which compiles arguments assessing compatibility through rather than theological assertions. These books, often authored by CFI affiliates, prioritize data-driven analysis over ideological advocacy, such as evaluating moral judgments via . In digital formats, CFI extends its output via the Point of Inquiry podcast, launched as its flagship program to host discussions on , , and countering , featuring experts in since at least 2005. The organization maintains online archives, blogs, and video content on platforms like to disseminate rational discourse, adapting traditional publishing to address contemporary claims of or ideological overreach. These media outlets collectively aim to foster evidence-based public dialogue, though specific metrics on digital reach remain limited in public reports.

Notable Awards and Recognitions

The Center for Inquiry (CFI) administers several awards that recognize contributions to secular humanism, skeptical inquiry, and rational thought, emphasizing empirical evidence and critical analysis over ideological conformity or public acclaim. The flagship Richard Dawkins Award, established in 2003 and presented annually by CFI since 2019 in partnership with the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason & Science, honors individuals who publicly challenge religious dogma through writings, speeches, or media. Valued for its focus on substantive impact, the award has gone to recipients including Ayaan Hirsi Ali in 2008 for her critiques of Islamic practices and advocacy for ex-Muslim rights; Daniel Dennett in 2007 for philosophical defenses of atheism; Christopher Hitchens in 2009 for polemics against religion; Ricky Gervais in 2019 for comedic deconstructions of faith; Javed Akhtar in 2020 for promoting rationalism in India; Tim Minchin in 2021 for satirical advocacy of science; Bill Nye in 2023 for science education efforts; and John McWhorter in 2025 for linguistic and cultural critiques of dogma. Through its Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI), CFI awards the Robert P. Balles Annual Prize in Critical Thinking, a $2,500 honor for published works demonstrating rigorous skepticism, logical reasoning, or empirical validation against pseudoscience. Launched in 2008, it prioritizes verifiable evidence over anecdotal claims, with past winners including CNN reporters for their 2018 documentary A Deal with the Devil exposing faith healer Peter Popoff in 2019; Maria Konnikova for The Confidence Game on psychological manipulation in 2017; and Susan Gerbic and Timothy Caulfield for investigative journalism and public health advocacy in 2022. The Morris D. Forkosch Award for the best humanist book and the Selma V. Forkosch Award for the outstanding article in Free Inquiry magazine, jointly established by CFI and the Council for Secular Humanism, each carry a $250 prize and celebrate writings advancing ethical secularism and evidence-based ethics. Criteria stress intellectual rigor and causal analysis of human behavior without supernatural assumptions; recent book winners include Katherine Stewart for The Power Worshippers in 2020, examining religious nationalism's empirical effects, and Stephen Weldon for The Scientific Spirit of American Humanism in 2021. These awards have drawn praise for spotlighting empirically grounded dissent but faced critique for perceived selectivity toward recipients aligning with progressive secularism, potentially overlooking conservative rationalists despite stated neutrality on impact over popularity.

Campaigns Against Pseudoscience and Religious Influence

The Center for Inquiry (CFI) launched the ScienceSaves campaign to promote public appreciation for scientific achievements and counter pseudoscientific claims, particularly in health and medicine, emphasizing real-world benefits like vaccines and evidence-based treatments. Initiated around 2022, the campaign includes annual observances such as National Science Appreciation Day on March 26, along with video scholarship contests for high school seniors to highlight science's role in improving lives, with winners announced as recently as May 2025 awarding up to $10,000. ScienceSaves specifically targets anti-vaccination misinformation by sharing stories of science's lifesaving impacts, arguing that rejecting evidence-based medicine leads to preventable harms, such as outbreaks of diseases like measles in unvaccinated communities. CFI's Office of Consumer Protection from Pseudoscience further advances these efforts by advocating against quackery and alternative medicine practices lacking empirical support, including homeopathy and unregulated supplements marketed as cures. The organization critiques such pseudosciences for exploiting vulnerable consumers, citing instances where delayed conventional treatments result in worsened outcomes; for example, studies on alternative medicine adherence show increased mortality risks in cancer patients forgoing proven therapies, with one analysis of over 1.2 million patients finding a 2.5-fold higher death rate among those using only alternative treatments. While proponents of alternative medicine invoke cultural traditions and personal autonomy, CFI maintains that health data prioritizes verifiable efficacy over anecdotal or placebo effects, as randomized controlled trials consistently demonstrate negligible benefits beyond placebo for many such interventions. In addressing religious influence, CFI has campaigned against faith healing practices, highlighting cases where reliance on prayer over medical intervention leads to child deaths, such as documented fatalities from untreated conditions like diabetes or pneumonia in faith-based communities. Publications like Skeptical Inquirer argue that faith healing lacks causal mechanisms supported by evidence, with reviews of claimed miracles revealing confirmation bias and selective reporting rather than reproducible outcomes. CFI also opposes religious exemptions in vaccination policies, advocating for measures allowing minors to access vaccines despite parental objections, as seen in their 2020 push before the D.C. Council to protect children from infectious diseases amid rising exemption rates correlating with higher outbreak incidences, per CDC data showing unvaccinated clusters accounting for 90% of measles cases in recent U.S. epidemics. Advocates for exemptions emphasize religious liberty and parental rights, yet CFI counters with evidence that such policies elevate unsubstantiated beliefs over public health imperatives, disproportionately endangering non-participants through herd immunity failures.

Key Lawsuits and Policy Interventions

In 2018, the Center for Inquiry filed lawsuits against CVS and , alleging consumer fraud under the District of Columbia Consumer Protection Procedures Act for marketing homeopathic products by placing them adjacent to conventional, science-based medicines without adequate disclosure of their lack of scientific efficacy. The suits contended that this merchandising practice misled consumers into believing homeopathic remedies were equivalent to FDA-approved treatments, despite homeopathy's reliance on unsubstantiated dilutions lacking active ingredients beyond effects. In September 2022, the District of Columbia Court of Appeals reversed a lower court's dismissal, ruling that CFI had standing as a harmed by the alleged deception and allowing the cases to proceed toward on claims of unfair and deceptive trade practices. In October 2024, CFI initiated a federal lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas on behalf of certified secular celebrant Eric McCutchan, challenging provisions of Texas Family Code § 2.202 that restrict marriage officiants to judges, retired judges, or religious clergy, thereby excluding non-religious celebrants trained through CFI's Secular Celebrant program. The complaint argues that the law violates the First and Fourteenth Amendments by privileging religious officiants and discriminating against secular humanists who perform equivalent ceremonies grounded in civil rather than doctrinal authority. As of July 2025, the case remains active, with CFI seeking declaratory relief to enable its celebrants to legally solemnize marriages, potentially expanding access to non-religious wedding services in Texas. CFI has intervened in policy debates over faith-based funding, notably objecting to government allocations that favor religious organizations in without safeguards against proselytization or discrimination. In 2007, through its affiliated , CFI challenged contracts awarding state funds to faith-based prison programs, arguing they unconstitutionally endorsed by using dollars for mandatory religious instruction that coerced participation. Although specific litigation outcomes varied, such efforts contributed to heightened scrutiny and partial policy adjustments, including requirements for secular alternatives in some state programs to mitigate violations. At the United Nations Human Rights Council, CFI has advocated for the repeal of blasphemy laws as violations of free expression, submitting statements and participating in sessions to urge member states to abolish penalties for criticizing religion. In July 2025, CFI addressed the Council's 59th session, challenging Iran and Iraq on their enforcement of blasphemy statutes that impose imprisonment or death for apostasy and religious insult, linking these laws to documented cases of arbitrary detention and suppression of dissent. Similar interventions targeted Morocco and Algeria in September 2025 for using blasphemy provisions to jail atheists and critics, emphasizing empirical evidence that such laws correlate with increased violence against nonbelievers rather than protecting social harmony. These advocacy efforts have supported incremental UN resolutions critiquing blasphemy enforcement, though binding policy changes remain limited by state sovereignty.

Controversies and Criticisms

Internal Disputes and Leadership Resignations

In 2010, Center for Inquiry (CFI) founder Paul Kurtz resigned amid disputes over the organization's strategic direction, accusing it of shifting toward "angry atheism" and being dominated by "fundamentalist atheists" who prioritized confrontation over constructive secular humanism. Kurtz specifically criticized CFI's endorsement of International Blasphemy Day in 2009, which he viewed as needlessly ridiculing religious believers and akin to inflammatory tactics, prompting him to form the Institute for Science and Human Values as an alternative. CFI leadership defended the event as a defense of free expression against religious censorship efforts, such as UN resolutions on blasphemy, but the rift highlighted factional divides between Kurtz's eupraxsophy-focused humanism and the board's embrace of bolder skepticism. A similar governance tension emerged in 2013 when CFI President and CEO Ronald Lindsay delivered opening remarks at the Women in Secularism 2 conference, questioning the invocation of "privilege" and feminist rhetoric in secular activism as potentially silencing dissent and prioritizing ideology over inquiry. The speech drew internal backlash, with staff and affiliates decrying it as dismissive of marginalized voices, leading to public calls for Lindsay's resignation from figures like Rebecca Watson. Lindsay clarified his intent was to advocate for open debate rather than exclusion, but the controversy exacerbated perceptions of CFI's resistance to evolving social dynamics within humanism. He ultimately resigned in March 2015, effective December 31, citing a desire to pursue other opportunities after seven years, though the episode contributed to ongoing board deliberations on leadership alignment with CFI's mission. The 2016 merger with the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science amplified board-level debates over diversity and inclusivity, as critics like atheist activist Sikivu Hutchinson argued the combined entity's leadership and board lacked racial representation, potentially alienating non-white secularists and undermining outreach efficacy. Proponents of the merger emphasized operational synergies and expanded resources for skepticism advocacy, but the tensions reflected broader factionalism between prioritizing demographic mirrors of society versus expertise in inquiry and science. These disputes culminated in leadership transitions, including Robyn Blumner's appointment as CEO in 2016, which refocused CFI on policy engagement while navigating internal pressures to balance confrontational with broader humanist appeals, ultimately influencing resource allocation away from some provocative initiatives toward institutional stability.

Public Backlash from Religious and Conservative Groups

The 's advocacy against laws and promotion of events critical of have elicited strong reactions from faith-based groups. In 2009, CFI launched International Blasphemy Rights Day on September 30 to defend the right to criticize religious doctrines, which drew condemnation from Christian organizations. The Catholic League, a prominent Catholic , accused the initiative of targeting specifically, claiming it fosters mockery of sacred beliefs under the guise of free expression rather than fostering or tolerance for spiritual perspectives. A notable instance of venue-based backlash occurred in October 2011, when the Wyndgate Country Club in , abruptly canceled a CFI-Michigan event featuring evolutionary biologist . The club's owner cited Dawkins' outspoken —highlighted in media coverage—as incompatible with the venue's values, prompting CFI to file a federal lawsuit alleging against nonbelievers. The case settled in February 2013 with undisclosed terms, including policy changes by the club to prevent future bias, but the incident underscored perceptions among some conservative and religious venue operators that CFI's programming constitutes an intolerant assault on faith traditions. CFI's international efforts opposing UN resolutions on religious have also provoked direct confrontations from religious state representatives. During a 2014 address at the UN Human Rights Council, CFI representative Josephine Macintosh was repeatedly interrupted and heckled by the Saudi Arabian delegation while highlighting Saudi Arabia's use of blasphemy laws to suppress dissent, including against atheists and religious minorities. This episode reflected broader resistance from Islamic nations and aligned groups, who viewed CFI's stance as an infringement on protections against insults to religious sentiments, framing secular advocacy as culturally imperialistic and dismissive of spiritual pluralism. From a conservative liberty perspective, some critics have argued that CFI's support for science-based policies, such as mandates, aligns unwittingly with state coercion, prioritizing collective security over individual bodily autonomy and religious exemptions. While CFI has defended mandates as essential to freedoms, this position has fueled accusations of overreach, echoing concerns that secular impositions erode personal rights traditionally safeguarded by faith communities against governmental authority.

Accusations of Ideological Bias and Diversity Shortcomings

Critics have accused the Center for Inquiry (CFI) of exhibiting a left-center ideological bias, as assessed by media bias evaluators who point to its editorial stances in publications like Free Inquiry and Skeptical Inquirer that align with liberal policy positions on issues such as secularism, reproductive rights, and separation of church and state. This tilt is said to manifest in selective advocacy, where CFI prioritizes critiques of religious conservatism while showing reticence toward examining progressive orthodoxies, potentially undermining its commitment to impartial skepticism. Diversity shortcomings have drawn particular scrutiny, with claims of underrepresentation among leadership and tokenistic engagement with minorities. In 2019, science writer Kavin Senapathy resigned from CFI affiliations, criticizing the organization for failing to consider or elect non-white candidates to its board during a key election cycle, interpreting this as symptomatic of broader indifference to racial equity in skeptic circles. Employee reviews on platforms like Glassdoor have echoed this, noting struggles with diversity and inclusion in hiring and culture, often framing CFI's meritocratic approach as a barrier to broader racial and ethnic participation. Progressive skeptics, including those in outlets like Undark, argue that such gaps alienate potential allies from underrepresented groups and reflect a historical whiteness in organized humanism. Counterarguments emphasize CFI's prioritization of evidentiary rigor and idea-based affiliation over demographic quotas, citing affiliates like ex-Muslims (e.g., through partnerships with groups advocating against Islamist ) and black atheists such as Sikivu Hutchinson, who contribute to CFI-linked discourse on race and without compromising skeptical standards. This perspective holds that enforced diversity risks introducing ideological conformity, as seen in tensions where calls for inclusivity clash with demands for unyielding scrutiny of , regardless of proponent identity. Empirical defenses point to CFI's global branches and collaborations with diverse figures, suggesting representational critiques overlook substantive intellectual contributions from varied backgrounds.

Responses to Criticisms and Self-Reflection

In response to accusations of ideological rigidity, Center for Inquiry (CFI) leadership has emphasized the primacy of evidence-based inquiry over dogmatic social justice frameworks, arguing that such ideologies threaten scientific objectivity. CFI President and CEO Robyn Blumner, in a 2024 Skeptical Inquirer article, critiqued "social justice dogmatism and identitarianism" for infiltrating scientific discourse, asserting that skepticism must defend empirical methods against pressures to conform to identity-based narratives that prioritize subjective experience over testable data. This stance aligns with CFI's broader mission to prioritize causal mechanisms and falsifiability in evaluating claims, including those related to gender and race, where biological and statistical evidence is invoked to counter unsubstantiated assertions. CFI has adapted its outreach by engaging audiences across ideological lines, including conservatives wary of pseudoscientific claims in and environmental alarmism, through conferences like CSICon that feature speakers critiquing both religious and progressive orthodoxies. For instance, CFI-affiliated platforms have hosted discussions on issues in sports, defending sex-based categories on physiological grounds backed by performance data from sources like eligibility criteria. Such efforts reflect a strategic refinement to broaden skepticism's appeal beyond perceived left-leaning biases, without diluting commitments to verifiable evidence. Internal self-assessments within CFI publications have examined cognitive vulnerabilities, including partisan biases, with Skeptical Inquirer articles probing whether liberals exhibit greater susceptibility to certain pseudoscientific trends due to ideological priors. These reflections underscore CFI's resolve to apply skeptical tools inward, maintaining institutional focus on first-principles evaluation amid external pressures from both religious conservatives and progressive activists. No formal internal reviews admitting systemic flaws have been publicly detailed, but ongoing editorial content in Free Inquiry and Skeptical Inquirer demonstrates iterative critique of movement shortcomings, such as overemphasis on emotional appeals. Over the long term, CFI has shown resilience by sustaining core programs—publishing peer-reviewed skeptical analyses and litigating against faith-based encroachments—despite persistent critiques from outlets accusing it of insufficient diversity or insensitivity to social inequities. Membership and event attendance, including joint summits with skeptic groups, have remained stable, indicating that adherence to empirical rigor sustains operational viability even as detractors from ideological fringes amplify biases in their reporting.

Impact and Legacy

Achievements in Promoting Rational Inquiry

The Center for Inquiry's Teacher Institute for Evolutionary Science (TIES) has trained thousands of educators through workshops, webinars, and online resources designed to strengthen the teaching of and counter pseudoscientific claims in curricula. By providing hands-on materials and scientist-led sessions, TIES has reached educators who might otherwise lack access to such , enabling them to address standards-based evolution instruction amid challenges from creationist alternatives. The organization's flagship publication, , has advanced rational inquiry by publishing peer-reviewed critiques of extraordinary claims, with its articles referenced in academic works on and analysis. Launched in 1976 under the (CSI), a CFI program, the bimonthly magazine has maintained a circulation that influences both public discourse and scholarly examinations of topics like paranormal phenomena and . CFI's Secular Rescue initiative has provided emergency aid to over 180 , atheists, and freethinkers persecuted for rejecting religious , including relocation support and legal assistance to escape threats in countries enforcing or laws. These operations, funded by private donations, have enabled recipients to continue advocating for secular values in safer jurisdictions, demonstrating practical application of rationalist principles in defending . Gallup polls document declines in American belief in specific paranormal concepts, such as UFOs as extraterrestrial craft (down from higher levels in prior decades) and , amid broader exposure to evidence-based critiques that align with CFI's investigative efforts. Such trends reflect growing public toward unsubstantiated claims, quantifiable through repeated national surveys showing reduced endorsement rates for phenomena lacking empirical support.

Broader Societal Influence and Limitations

The Center for Inquiry has contributed to secularization trends by advocating for policies that limit religious influence in public institutions, such as challenging tax exemptions for religious entities estimated to cost U.S. taxpayers $71 billion annually in a 2012 analysis published in its journal Free Inquiry. Its programs, including the training of secular celebrants for non-religious ceremonies like weddings and memorials, support cultural normalization of secular alternatives to faith-based rituals. In education, CFI's promotion of critical thinking curricula indirectly aligns with broader efforts to prioritize evidence-based inquiry over dogmatic instruction, though direct causal attribution to national secularization metrics—such as the U.S. "nones" rising from 16% in 2007 to 29% in 2021—remains unestablished due to confounding socioeconomic factors. Despite these efforts, CFI's influence on deeply religious populations appears marginal, as religiosity in the U.S. has stabilized or slowed in decline among certain demographics, with no evidence of widespread conversion to attributable to the organization's work. constraints exacerbate this limitation; as a nonprofit with annual revenues around $4.5 million primarily from private donations, CFI depends heavily on individual and foundation support, which totaled assets of approximately $5.3 million in recent filings, restricting scalability compared to larger groups. This donor reliance can introduce vulnerabilities, such as potential shifts in priorities if funding sources wane, as seen in broader nonprofit sectors where ideological alignment influences . Globally, CFI extends its reach through international branches and UN advocacy, including challenges to blasphemy laws in and that penalize nonbelievers, and support for endangered atheist activists in Muslim-majority countries via emergency campaigns. However, resistance in Islamic societies remains formidable, where secular faces legal and cultural entrenchment, as evidenced by CFI's facilitation of rare secularist summits amid threats to participants. Such environments constrain causal impact, with local laws and societal norms limiting adoption of CFI-backed rationalist frameworks. Empirical assessment of CFI's societal effects is hampered by a dearth of rigorous studies, including no large-scale randomized controlled trials linking its interventions to measurable outcomes like reduced pseudoscientific beliefs or policy shifts. While sample-based analyses, such as those using CFI affiliates to explore nonbeliever mental health, provide localized insights, broader causal claims lack robust, longitudinal data isolating organizational influence from parallel trends in education and media exposure. This evidentiary gap underscores the challenges in quantifying advocacy-driven cultural change.

Reception Across Ideological Spectrums

The skeptical and secular humanist communities have consistently praised the Center for Inquiry (CFI) for its rigorous debunking of pseudoscience and paranormal claims through programs like the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI), which has inspired the formation of numerous local skeptic groups since the 1970s. Secular advocacy organizations, such as the Secular Coalition for America, have acclaimed CFI's integration of scientific skepticism with efforts to counter religious influence in policy, positioning it as a key defender of reason-based governance. Conservative commentators and religious organizations have expressed skepticism toward CFI, viewing its campaigns against faith-based claims as an assault on traditional values and cultural heritage, often labeling it as promoting militant atheism that undermines societal cohesion. Religious right groups have dismissed CFI's advocacy as hostile to Christianity, with reactions including exclusion from or implicit targeting in lists of ideological adversaries by conservative coalitions focused on preserving religious liberty. Progressive critics within the secular movement have faulted CFI for insufficient emphasis on issues, arguing that its focus on universal overlooks intersections with identity-based inequities and fails to prioritize against systemic beyond pseudoscience critiques. This has led to fractures, as seen in debates over "Atheism Plus," where CFI's defense of figures like against dismissal based on demographics drew accusations of resisting progressive reforms in humanist organizations. Empirically, CFI's legacy reflects these divides, with partisan gaps in U.S. in science widening since the —Democrats maintaining higher confidence (around 80% in recent surveys) while Republicans report lower levels (near 60%)—amid broader skepticism efforts that CFI has advanced but not uniformly resolved.

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