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Isdera or Ingenieurbüro für Styling, Design und Racing (English: Engineering Company for Styling, Design and Racing) was an exclusive small-series car builder and automotive service provider. The company was founded and formerly based in Leonberg, Germany. Each high-performance sports car was hand-built by a small team of craftsmen. Each vehicle was custom built for its original buyer.

Key Information

History

[edit]

In order to seek a job at one of the automotive companies of Germany, Eberhard Schulz built his own car in the garage of his home in 1969 called the Erator GTE. He drove the Ford GT40 like car to Porsche's and Mercedes-Benz's headquarters and was subsequently offered a job at Porsche in the design department in 1970.[1] With Zuffenhausen planning no successor to the 911, instead going with front engine 928 and 924, in 1978, Schultz left Porsche and joined bb-Auto of Rainer Buchmann where he would go on to design the Mercedes-Benz CW311 concept which was touted as the successor to the Mercedes-Benz 300SL. The concept was built and promoted by bb and had, somewhat illegal, Mercedes badging. After positive coverage in magazines that took limelight away from the new BMW M1, the badging gained approval from Mercedes.[2]

Isdera was founded in 1982 in Leonberg, Germany with the intent to put the CW311 into production after a deal with Mercedes-Benz. Its first car, called the Spyder which was an open top sports car based on the CW311, was presented in the same year. The Spyder was powered by a modified Mercedes-Benz engine generating 185 PS (136 kW; 182 hp). A new variant having an uprated 3.0-litre Inline-6 engine was introduced in 1987. The Spyder was renamed as the Spyder 033i and the Spyder 036i to indicate the difference between the offered engines and the use of electronic fuel injection in the engines (with the "i" designation).[3]

Eberhard Schultz and Fred Dellis standing in front of an Imperator 108i

The CW311 would finally see production in 1984 as the Imperator 108i.[4] The Imperator 108i was offered with a choice of Mercedes-Benz V8 engines having different displacements, ranging from 5.0-litres to 6.0-litres. The car received a facelift in 1991 which added changes in ventilation to improve cooling, some visual changes and changes to the exhaust system to pass stringent safety tests. A total of 30 Imperator 108is would be made before production ended in 1993.

In 1993, Isdera introduced the Commendatore 112i. It had many advanced and unique features at the time such as two sets of gull-wing doors, and an automatic air brake. The Commendatore 112i could accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h in 4.0 seconds, and had a top speed of 342 km/h (213 mph). The car had a mid-mounted Mercedes-Benz 6.0L V12 engine generating 408 PS (300 kW; 402 hp) and a 6-speed manual transmission. The car weighed 1,450 kg (3,197 lb). The 112i was featured in the 1997 video game Need for Speed II.

Isdera planned a limited production run of the Commendatore 112i like its predecessor and quoted that each car would take six months to complete. The car was not functional when it was introduced. The development of the car reportedly cost a total of €4,000,000. This combined with the ongoing economic recession in South Asia, particularly the bursting of Japan's bubble economy, pushed the company into bankruptcy shortly after the car's introduction as the major investments came from Japan. The company was then bought by Swiss investors under whom Schultz completed the car in order to make it driveable on the road.[1]

In 1999, the Commendatore 112i was updated and renamed to "Silver Arrow C112i" by the new management. On the exterior, the updated car had conventional side-view mirrors and had silver five-spoke Mercedes-Benz alloy wheels instead of the gold BBS units. The engine was a 6.9-litre Mercedes-Benz M120 V12 unit, which generated a total of 455 kW (619 PS; 610 hp). Interestingly, there was no Isdera badging on the car and it had Mercedes-Benz badging instead. The Silver Arrow C112i was unveiled at the 1999 Frankfurt Motor Show.[5]

The Silver Arrow was bought by a Swiss businessman Albert Klöti at a price of €1,500,000 in 2000. Albert kept the car for 5 years after offering it on eBay for sale in October 2005 for US$3,000,000. The car failed to sell at the auction.[6]

Isdera Autobahnkurier

In 2006, Eberhard Schulz introduced the Autobahnkurier AK116i as a private project, a retro-styled vehicle based on the Mercedes-Benz W126 S-Class and powered by two Mercedes-Benz V8 engines – one for each axle – from the W126 series 500 SE. The resulting power plant is a 10-litre unit rated at 600 PS (441 kW; 592 hp) and 900 N⋅m (664 lb⋅ft) of torque. The top speed was limit to 242 km/h (150 mph) due to excessive fuel consumption of the massive engine over speeds of 250 km/h (155 mph). The design which resembled a touring car from the 1930s, was inspired from the Bugatti Royale and the one-off 1936 Mercedes-Benz 540K Autobahn Kurier. The car featured a full leather interior with creature-comforts and a marble dashboard.[7]

Isdera Commendatore 112i at the Saratoga Auto Museum

In 2016, the Silver Arrow C112i from Albert Klöti was bought back to Germany in was restored back to its original form and made appearances at selected car shows. Subsequently, on 13 February 2021, the Isdera Commendatore 112i was sold at auction at Sotheby's France in Paris for €1,113,125.[8]

In 2017, Isdera entered into a partnership with Chinese electric vehicle startup WM Motor to design and produce electric cars. In 2018 the Isdera Commendatore GT was developed to support the marketing activities of WM Motors for the EX5 Pro which was designed by Isdera and co-branded Isdera. Both cars were unveiled together at the Auto China 2018. Like preceding Isdera automobiles, the GT also employs gull-wing doors.[9] The co-branded Isdera EX5 Pro was produced in a small batch of only a few hundred cars and sold in the Chinese market. In 2020 the cooperation with WM Motor ended.

In 2021, the Isdera brand was fully acquired by Chinese Xinghui Automotive Group and given the official Chinese name 鹰兹.

In 2024, ISDERA had set up a new R&D center in TaiCang, China,[10] as well a new construction center in Anhui, China.[11]

In 2025, Isdera AG filed for bankruptcy.[12]

This bankruptcy affected the German-registered company Isdera AG. However, the brand continues under a separate Chinese-owned entity, Isdera Automotive, which was not part of the insolvency proceedings. On June 30, 2025, Isdera Automotive, operated by Yingzi Automotive Technology (Anhui) Co., Ltd., held the global launch ceremony of its first in-house–developed model, the handmade super sports car L’AQUILA. The event took place at the New Energy Auto Parts Industrial Park in Yingjiang District, Anqing, and was attended by Zhang Zhao, chairman of Earth Moon Technology Group, and Song Wenfang, chairman of Yingzi Automotive. The two companies also discussed future cooperation in the Middle East market.[13]

Models

[edit]
Isdera Commendatore GT (2018)

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Isdera

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Isdera, officially known as Ingenieurbüro für Styling, Design und Racing AG, is a German low-volume automobile manufacturer and firm founded in 1982 by automotive Eberhard . The company specializes in the development and production of bespoke high-performance sports cars, often featuring powertrains, and offers services in , vehicle integration, and small-series manufacturing using like carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). With a focus on innovative and craftsmanship, Isdera has produced iconic limited-edition models over four decades while maintaining offices in St. Ingbert, , and , . Schulz's career began in the when, as an engineering school dropout, he hand-built his first prototype car, leading to early collaborations with and later B&B Automobiltechnik. After parting ways with B&B in 1982, he established Isdera to pursue independent projects emphasizing styling, design, and racing applications. The company's early breakthrough came with the Imperator 108i, a mid-engine introduced in 1984 that utilized a V8 engine and gullwing doors, with only 30 units produced. Subsequent models highlighted Isdera's experimental approach, including the Commendatore 112i (1993), a one-off powered by a 6.0-liter producing over 400 horsepower, and the Autobahnkurier 116i concept (1999) featuring a unique formed by two coupled V8s. Following a filing in April 2025 and acquisition by Chinese interests, Isdera has rebooted with projects like the Commendatore GT and unveiled the electric hypercar on June 30, 2025, in , , underscoring its ongoing commitment to exclusive, forward-thinking vehicles amid a shift toward electric and modular platforms.

History

Origins and Early Prototypes

Eberhard , a German automotive designer, began his career in the late 1960s by independently developing prototypes in his home workshop in Ostfriesland. In 1969, he created the Erator GTE, his first major project, which was a one-off mid-engined racer based on a modified chassis and featuring distinctive gullwing doors. Powered by a 5.0-liter V8 with Bosch mechanical fuel injection, it delivered 420 horsepower and achieved a top speed exceeding 300 km/h, showcasing Schulz's early focus on high-performance engineering. To advance his designs, collaborated with tuner Rainer Buchmann at b.b. Automobiltechnik in starting in 1972, where he served as a . Together, they developed the CW311 prototype, envisioned as a futuristic successor to the Gullwing, with a mid-engined layout, tubular steel chassis, and fiberglass bodywork emphasizing low weight and aerodynamics. The CW311 incorporated gullwing doors, a short 2,400 mm wheelbase, and underwent wind tunnel testing at the Aerodynamische Versuchsanstalt (AVA) in Göttingen to achieve a drag coefficient of 0.311. It was fitted with a 6.8-liter Mercedes-Benz V8 engine tuned by AMG to produce 370 horsepower and 417 lb-ft of torque, paired with a ZF five-speed transaxle, enabling a top speed of around 198 mph. The CW311 debuted at the September 1978 Frankfurt Motor Show under branding, arranged through b.b. Automobiltechnik's connections, and generated significant interest from the automaker, including on-track testing by Formula 1 driver at the . Despite this enthusiasm and demonstrations of its handling and speed, declined to pursue production, citing strategic priorities. This prototype served as the foundational design for subsequent iterations in the late 1970s, where experimented with refinements in chassis rigidity and body aerodynamics at b.b.'s facilities. These efforts culminated in founding Isdera in 1982 to independently realize the concept.

Founding and Production Era

Isdera Automobil GmbH was founded in 1982 in , , by engineer Eberhard Schulz, who established the company as an engineering office specializing in styling, design, and racing after his earlier collaborations on automotive prototypes. The firm, whose name stands for Ingenieurbüro für Styling, Design und Rennsport, operated from a modest workshop with a small team of engineers dedicated to crafting high-performance vehicles. This structure emphasized hand-built construction, allowing for customized supercars tailored to individual client specifications while navigating the constraints of limited resources. The company's first production model, the Imperator 108i, entered development in 1984 and debuted at the Motor Show that year, marking Isdera's transition from conceptual work to manufacturing. Initially planned for an output of 30 units, production resulted in 30 examples completed over the subsequent years, which underscored the challenges of low-volume production in the . These economic hurdles shaped Isdera's approach, prioritizing quality and innovation over mass output in a . In the 1990s, Isdera expanded its lineup with the Commendatore 112i, which premiered at the 1993 IAA Motor Show and featured a , representing a bold evolution in the company's engineering ambitions. This period highlighted key milestones, including the Imperator's international debut and the persistent financial pressures that sustained Isdera's focus on exclusive, handcrafted vehicles through the decade. The designs drew brief influence from Schulz's earlier prototypes, such as the CW311, adapting experimental concepts into viable production realities.

Recent Developments and Legacy

Following the production of the Commendatore 112i in 1993, Isdera ceased manufacturing new models, with the company entering a period of dormancy focused on limited support activities rather than active development. Over the subsequent decades, Isdera maintained a low profile, providing maintenance and parts services for its existing fleet of approximately 30 Imperator 108i vehicles and one Commendatore 112i unit, often sourcing components from due to the shared engineering heritage. This phase extended into the early , with no significant production revival until external acquisitions reshaped the brand's trajectory. In recent years, Isdera experienced a turbulent resurgence. The German entity, Isdera AG, filed for bankruptcy on April 11, 2025, at the Saarbrücken District Court, marking the end of its independent operations amid financial challenges. However, prior to this, the brand had been acquired in 2021 by China's Xinghui Automotive Technology, which relaunched activities under a new structure. On June 30, 2025, Yingzi unveiled the , Isdera's first in-house developed model since the , featuring a modern design with gullwing doors and aimed at blending combustion and electric powertrains. This revival continued with Isdera Group Limited, a Cayman Islands-based entity holding the brand rights, announcing a merger with Acquisition Corp. on July 18, 2025, to go public and expand into global markets. As of November 2025, no further production announcements have been made beyond the prototype, though enthusiast discussions highlight potential restomods of classic models. Isdera's legacy endures as a pioneer of boutique German supercars, particularly through its innovative use of gullwing doors, a design element originating in the 1978 CW311 prototype and carried forward in production models from 1984 onward. This feature, while predating common misconceptions of direct imitation from the DeLorean DMC-12 (produced 1981–1983), established Isdera's signature aesthetic and influenced subsequent low-volume manufacturers emphasizing aerodynamic, spaceframe construction. The brand's cultural footprint includes appearances in automotive media and video games, such as the Imperator 108i in the 1997 title , cementing its status among collectors. Auction values underscore this collectibility; a 1991 Imperator 108i sold for €690,000 at Bonhams in 2021, reflecting rising appreciation for its rarity and Mercedes-sourced V8 performance. By 2025, Isdera operates as a heritage-focused under international ownership, prioritizing preservation of its 1980s–1990s output without confirmed plans for revival, thus preserving its niche influence on design.

Vehicle Models

Imperator 108i

The , Isdera's flagship , debuted at the 1984 Motor Show as a production evolution of the earlier CW311 concept. Developed by engineer Eberhard Schulz after he founded Isdera in 1982, the Imperator 108i adopted a mid-engine layout to deliver balanced handling and high performance, positioning it as a rare German exotic comparable to contemporaries like the . Its design emphasized aerodynamic efficiency and lightweight construction, with a bonded body over a tubular steel spaceframe chassis. Key to the Imperator 108i's distinctive styling were its gullwing doors, inherited from the CW311 prototype, which provided dramatic access to the two-seat cockpit. The low-slung wedge-shaped body featured a roof-mounted rearview mirror for improved visibility, retractable headlights on later models, and independent double-wishbone suspension at all four corners with coil springs for precise roadholding. Interior components, including seats and instrumentation, were sourced from the to ensure luxury and reliability. Power came from a mid-mounted Mercedes-Benz M117 5.6-liter , producing approximately 300 horsepower at 5,000 rpm and 455 Nm of torque at 3,750 rpm, paired with a five-speed ZF manual . This setup enabled a dry weight of around 1,250 kg, a 0-100 km/h time of about 5.0 seconds, and a top speed of 283 km/h. Later variants offered tuned AMG engines up to 6.0 liters and 420 hp for enhanced performance, though the core M117 configuration defined the model's engineering ethos. Production of the 108i spanned 1984 to 1993, with only 30 units hand-built in , , each tailored to customer specifications. A 1991 facelift introduced refinements like revised bodywork and the return of pop-up headlights, but high development costs and limited demand prevented broader commercialization. Dimensions included a length of 4,220 mm, width of 1,835 mm, and of 2,480 mm, contributing to its compact yet imposing presence.

Commendatore 112i

The Isdera , introduced at the 1993 International Motor Show (IAA), served as the successor to the Imperator 108i, incorporating significant refinements in powertrain and aerodynamics. Developed by engineer Eberhard Schulz, the model drew its name from the Italian title "Commendatore," honoring and adding a touch of Italian flair to its German engineering roots. At its core, the Commendatore 112i featured a mid-mounted 6.0-liter M120 , sourced from the S-Class luxury sedan, delivering 402 horsepower through electronic and integrated ABS systems for enhanced safety and performance. This powerplant, paired with a modified RUF six-speed manual transmission derived from the Turbo, enabled impressive acceleration of 0-100 km/h in approximately 4.7 seconds and a top speed of 340 km/h. The vehicle's design evolved with a wider body profile for improved stability, a sleeker fiberglass-reinforced plastic body achieving a of 0.306, and active aerodynamic elements including a full-width rear air brake that deployed at high speeds. Retaining the signature gullwing doors of its predecessor, it utilized a modernized steel spaceframe chassis with 928-derived suspension that actively lowered by 3 inches above 80 km/h for better handling. Production of the Commendatore 112i was extremely limited due to financial challenges, including the 1990s Japanese economic crisis that halted investor funding, resulting in only one official completed in 1993 and hand-assembled with leather interiors. A second chassis was finished post-bankruptcy in 1999 as the "Silver Arrow" variant, but Isdera officially recognizes just the original unit. Planned for a small series at around $450,000 per example, the project never advanced to full production, leaving the model as a rare showcase of Schulz's innovative engineering blending Mercedes power with components.

Other Models and Prototypes

The Spyder 033i, introduced in 1983, served as a variant of the prototype, designed to explore open-top configurations while retaining the core mid-engine layout inspired by the CW311 concept. Powered by a 1.8-liter inline-four engine producing 170 horsepower, it emphasized agile roadster dynamics and was built in very limited quantities, with estimates suggesting only a handful of examples completed primarily for performance testing and validation of aerodynamic stability in convertible form. Building on this foundation, the 033i of 1986 refined the open-top approach with a focus on enhanced lightweight handling, incorporating a 3.0-liter inline-six engine in later iterations of the lineup for improved power delivery and balance. This model, part of the broader series produced in just 17 units overall between 1983 and 1992, prioritized tuning and weight reduction to assess high-speed open-air capabilities without compromising the structural integrity derived from the 's design principles. In the and beyond, Isdera pursued several experimental concepts, including the Autobahnkurier 116i, a one-off 2006 prototype featuring two linked 5.0-liter V8 engines forming a 10-liter V16 producing 600 horsepower and 900 Nm of , with all-wheel drive and a top speed limited to 242 km/h for grand touring purposes. Influences from the original CW311 extended to non-production racers conceptualized for endurance racing applications such as , but remained one-off test vehicles. These lesser-known projects highlighted Isdera's innovative spirit but often stayed unrealized due to market constraints. Most such prototypes existed as one-offs, functioning as platforms to evaluate advanced composites for future vehicle architectures. Recent revivals include the 2018 Commendatore GT, an electric 2+2 coupe with a 105 kWh powering dual motors for 600 kW (806 hp) and all-wheel drive, limited to two units, and the hypercar unveiled in June 2025 as Isdera's first in-house developed model, featuring modular electric platforms amid the company's ongoing challenges, including filing in April 2025.

Design and Engineering

Signature Design Elements

Isdera's signature design elements trace their roots to the 1978 Mercedes-Benz CW311 concept car, which introduced distinctive gullwing doors that became a hallmark of the brand's visual identity. These upward-swinging doors, inspired by the , provided a dramatic entry experience while contributing to the vehicle's structural rigidity by integrating with the chassis design. The feature carried over to production models like the Imperator 108i and Commendatore 112i, enhancing their exotic appeal and setting them apart in an era dominated by scissor or conventional doors. The aerodynamic styling of Isdera vehicles emphasized low-slung, wedge-shaped profiles that evoked futuristic wedge-era supercars, with smooth lines, integrated rear spoilers, and pop-up headlights to minimize visual clutter and optimize airflow. This approach achieved a drag coefficient of 0.38 for the Imperator 108i, higher than the 0.31 derived from wind tunnel testing of the CW311 prototype, while the Commendatore 112i refined it further to 0.306 through subtle body contouring. The Imperator 108i's compact dimensions, measuring around 4.22 meters in length, allowed for a planted, aggressive stance without sacrificing interior space, blending performance-oriented aesthetics with everyday usability; the Commendatore 112i, at approximately 4.67 meters, maintained a similar profile despite its increased size. Material choices further defined Isdera's lightweight yet robust aesthetic, employing handbuilt bodies over tubular spaceframes to achieve a balance of strength and reduced weight—typically 1,250–1,350 kg for the depending on variant. This construction enabled sleek, uncompromised curves that highlighted the car's mid-engine layout without the heft of traditional metal panels. Inside, the cabins featured bespoke leather upholstery and instrumentation borrowed from luxury donors like and , creating a refined, cockpit-like environment that contrasted the exterior's raw aggression in a package under 4.3 meters long.

Technical Innovations

Isdera's technical innovations centered on integrating high-performance powertrains with bespoke engineering to optimize performance and compliance. The 108i primarily utilized Mercedes-sourced V8 engines, such as the 5.0-liter M117 producing 300 horsepower, with later variants featuring custom tuning by AMG to increase displacement to 6.0 liters and output to 390 horsepower. For emissions compliance, these engines incorporated Bosch KE-Jetronic systems and three-way catalytic converters with lambda sensors, enabling adherence to contemporary European standards while maintaining robust power delivery. The Commendatore 112i advanced this approach with a 6.0-liter Mercedes M120 , tuned to 408 horsepower, marking one of the earliest applications of this unit in a chassis for enhanced torque and refinement. The chassis design emphasized a rear mid-engine layout on a welded steel spaceframe, which positioned the powertrain low behind the seats to achieve a notably low center of gravity, thereby improving stability during high-speed maneuvers. Suspension systems featured double-wishbone setups at the front and multi-link arrangements at the rear, inspired by Porsche 928 components in later models, allowing for precise handling and high cornering speeds exceeding 1.2 g in testing. This configuration, combined with a fiberglass body for reduced weight (1,250–1,350 kg for the Imperator), prioritized balanced dynamics over outright acceleration, with the Imperator achieving 0-60 mph in 5.0 seconds and a top speed of 176 mph while maintaining composed road manners. Safety and performance technologies included early integration of anti-lock braking systems (ABS) in 1990s variants, enhancing stopping power from ventilated disc brakes without compromising control. Aerodynamic development involved wind tunnel testing at Mercedes-Benz facilities, yielding a drag coefficient of 0.306 for the Commendatore, which contributed to straight-line stability up to 211 mph. Tire specifications, such as 285/40R15 fronts and 345/35R15 rears on the Imperator, were selected for superior grip, supporting the emphasis on cornering prowess rather than peak velocity. Gullwing doors, integrated into the spaceframe, further bolstered structural rigidity during dynamic loads. In recent developments as of 2025, Isdera has incorporated carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and modular platforms in projects like the L'Aquila hypercar, enhancing lightweight construction and adaptability.

Production and Impact

Manufacturing Approach

Isdera's manufacturing operations are centered at its facility in St. Ingbert, , where vehicles have been hand-built by a small team of skilled craftsmen since the company's founding. This low-volume approach emphasizes assembly, with production rates typically limited to one or two cars per year to ensure meticulous attention to detail. Each Isdera vehicle is fully customized to the buyer's specifications, including , interior materials, and exterior finishes such as and bodywork, which extends build times to between six and twelve months per car. The supply chain relies heavily on high-quality components sourced from for engines and other mechanical elements, while bodywork and specialized parts like carbon fiber reinforced polymer structures are fabricated in-house to maintain design integrity. Total production across all models is estimated at around 50 vehicles, primarily consisting of the 108i (30 units) and 036i (approximately 17 units), with others being prototypes or one-offs. The manufacturing model incurs significant costs, estimated at around DM 500,000 per vehicle in the , which has inherently constrained production scale and prevented expansion into higher volumes. This hands-on methodology, while innovative for its era, underscores Isdera's commitment to exclusivity over quantity. In April 2025, Isdera AG filed for , suspending manufacturing in . Operations continued through the Chinese subsidiary, Isdera Automotive, which unveiled the hypercar in June 2025. In July 2025, Isdera Group Limited announced a merger agreement with Acquisition Corp to become a publicly listed entity. The resulting rarity has enhanced the collectibility of these vehicles among enthusiasts.

Market Presence and Collectibility

Isdera's vehicles, particularly the Imperator 108i, achieved limited commercial success, with approximately 30 units produced between 1984 and 1993, primarily sold to buyers in during the and . Some examples were exported to the , reflecting the company's focus on niche international markets. Original pricing started at around $135,000 USD, positioning it as a premium but accessible for discerning customers who placed orders directly with founder Eberhard Schulz. The brand faced significant market challenges, including obscurity stemming from minimal marketing efforts and a bespoke ordering process that required personal contact with Schulz, limiting broader awareness. This positioned Isdera in direct competition with established icons like and Ferrari, whose extensive dealer networks and brand prestige overshadowed the upstart manufacturer. Additionally, the lack of U.S. market prevented entry into one of the world's largest markets, confining sales largely to and select regions. In the collector market, Isdera's rarity has driven rising values since the early , transforming the 108i from an overlooked curiosity into a highly sought-after artifact. A notable example is the 2021 Bonhams auction in , where a 1991 Series 2 model sold for €690,000, underscoring growing appreciation for its heritage and innovative design. As of late 2024, auction estimates for pristine examples exceeded €900,000 ($1 million), with demand sustained despite the 2025 bankruptcy; no major sales reported in 2025 yet. Enthusiast interest persists through dedicated restorations that preserve the cars' originality and functionality, often highlighted at major events like auctions, where Imperators have commanded multimillion-dollar estimates. This community-driven preservation, coupled with the vehicles' low production enabling exclusivity, continues to fuel their cult status in the classic world.

References

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  43. https://de.motor1.com/news/460585/isdera-commendatore-112i-steht-zum-verkauf/
  44. https://www.encycarpedia.com/us/isdera/84-imperator-108i-coupe
  45. https://www.autoevolution.com/news/the-isdera-spyder-036i-is-an-impressive-1980s-sports-car-that-was-hand-built-to-order-246559.html
  46. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/isdera-group-limited-announces-entering-into-a-merger-agreement-with-uy-scuti-acquisition-corp-302509874.html
  47. https://motor-junkie.com/14-sports-supercars-never-made-us-shores/5743/8/
  48. https://autos.yahoo.com/forgotten-german-supercar-isdera-imperator-133000885.html
  49. https://motor-junkie.com/14-sports-supercars-never-made-us-shores/5743/
  50. https://www.classic.com/m/isdera/imperator-108i/
  51. https://www.broadarrowauctions.com/vehicles/jc23_128/1991-isdera-imperator-108i
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