Hubbry Logo
KVM switchKVM switchMain
Open search
KVM switch
Community hub
KVM switch
logo
8 pages, 0 posts
0 subscribers
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Be the first to start a discussion here.
KVM switch
KVM switch
KVM switch
View on Wikipedia
from Wikipedia
Symbolic representation of a KVM switch. The computer on the right is currently being controlled by the peripherals.
Enterprise 1U rack mount KVM showing console and computer ports for DVI and USB (keyboard/mouse)

A KVM switch (with KVM being an abbreviation for "keyboard, video, and mouse") is a hardware device that allows a user to control multiple computers from one or more sets of keyboards, video monitors, and mouse.[1]

Name

[edit]

Switches to connect multiple computers to one or more peripherals have had multiple names.

The earliest name was Keyboard Video Switch (KVS).[2] With the advent of the mouse, the Keyboard, Video and Mouse (KVM) switch became popular. The name was introduced by Remigius Shatas, the founder of Cybex (now Vertiv), a peripheral switch manufacturer, in 1995.[3] Some companies call their switches Keyboard, Video, Mouse and Peripheral (KVMP).

Types

[edit]

USB keyboards, mice, and I/O devices are the most common devices connected to a KVM switch. The classes of KVM switches discussed below are based on different types of core technologies, which vary in how the KVM switch handles USB I/O devices—including keyboards, mice, touchscreen displays, etc. (USB-HID = USB human interface device)

USB Hub Based KVM
Also called an Enumerated KVM switch or USB switch selector, a connected/shared USB device must go through the full initiation process (USB enumeration) every time the KVM is switched to another target system/port. The switching to different ports is similar to the process of physically plugging and unplugging a USB device into the targeted system.
Emulated USB KVM
Dedicated USB console port(s) are assigned to emulate special sets of USB keyboard or mouse switching control information to each connected/targeted system. Emulated USB provides an instantaneous and reliable switching action that makes keyboard hotkeys and mouse switching possible. However, this class of KVM switch only uses generic emulations and consequently has only been able to support the most basic keyboard and mouse features. There are also USB KVM devices that allow cross-platform operating systems and basic keyboard and mouse sharing. [4]
Semi-DDM USB KVM
Dedicated USB console port(s) work with all USB-HID (including keyboard and mouse), but do not maintain the connected devices' presence to all of the targeted systems simultaneously. This class of KVM takes advantage of DDM (Dynamic Device Mapping) technology.
DDM USB KVM
Dedicated Dynamic device mapping USB console port(s) work with all USB-HID (including keyboard and mouse) and maintain the connected devices' special functions and characteristics to each connected/targeted system. This class of KVM switch overcomes the frustrating limitations of an Emulated USB Class KVM by emulating the true characters of the connected devices to all the computers simultaneously. This means that you can now use the extra function keys, wheels, buttons, and controls that are commonly found on modern keyboards and mice.[5]
KVM+Dock
A KVM switch with built-in docking station. It combines two devices, a KVM switch and a docking station. The customer expectations for this kind of product has increased due to a rising number of work from home setups that need to share user I/O devices between a personal PC and work laptop as a consequence of COVID pandemic restrictions.
Feature Hub Base Class Emulated Class Semi-DDM Class DDM Class
USB re-enumeration required Required on every switch of port No, only for keyboard/mouse No, for all USB-HID No, for all USB-HID
Latency in sharing connected USB devices Longest, depending on connected system's OS (about 10–15 seconds) Short Short No latency
Supports Hot-Key Command No Yes, only on dedicated keyboard port Yes, all the console Semi-DDM ports Yes, all the console DDM ports
Supports special keyboard and mouse functions Limited* No, only acts as standard keyboard/mouse Yes Yes
Windows 7/Windows 8 showing correct connected devices Limited* No, shows as standard keyboard and mouse no matter what keyboard/mouse are connected to the KVM Yes Yes
Windows7/Windows 8 built-in touchscreen monitor driver support Limited* No Yes* Yes
Wireless combo keyboard and mouse support Limited* No Yes* Yes
USB-HID (other than keyboard/mouse) support Limited* No Yes* Yes
USB touchscreen sharing support Limited* No Yes* Yes
Drawing tablet support Limited* No Yes* Yes
USB wireless unifying receiver support Limited* No Yes* Yes
Pros Passes all signals between USB devices and target system/computer(s) USB keyboard/mouse switching control, shorter switching time, Hot-Key Commands Full USB keyboard/mouse switching control, DDM ports can work with all USB-HID class devices, Short switching time (latency: within 1 sec.), Hot-Key commands (apply to all USB Semi-DDM ports), Lower cost than Full DDM class switches Full USB keyboard/mouse switching control, DDM ports can work with all USB-HID class devices, Shortest switching time (no latency), Hot-Key commands (apply to all USB DDM ports)
Cons Longest latency, delay in device availability, Can't use USB keyboard/mouse to control KVM switching process, No Hot-Key command, Generates HPD error when switching with particular OS's Supports only limited/fixed general keyboard and mouse profiles, Special keyboard and mouse functions will not work, Can only share "standard" USB keyboard/mouse, Can't share other USB-HID such as: touchscreen monitor, drawing tablet, etc., Generated HPD error while using other USB-HID Still has latency when switching Higher cost
Limited*
supported, but does not allow USB re-enumeration, which not only causes long delays in switching, but also sometimes causes HPD (Hot-Plug Device) errors to the OS system(s).
Yes*
Latency time within 1 second while switching between channels/ports.
KVM+Dock
Dual DP1.4 KVM switch with TB4 dock model will be the first model released for full-buss DisplayPort 1.4 sharing for 4K144hz gaming monitors.

Use

[edit]

A KVM Switch is a hardware device used in data centers that allows the control of multiple computers from a single keyboard, monitor and mouse (KVM).[6] The switch allows data center personnel to connect to any server in the rack. A common example of home use is to enable the use of the full-size keyboard, mouse and monitor of the home PC with a portable device such as a laptop, tablet PC or PDA, or a computer using a different operating system.

KVM switches offer different methods of connecting the computers. Depending on the product, the switch may present native connectors on the device where standard keyboard, monitor and mouse cables can be attached. Another method to have a single DB25 or similar connector that aggregated connections at the switch with three independent keyboard, monitor and mouse cables to the computers. Subsequently, these were replaced by a special KVM cable which combined the keyboard, video and mouse cables in a single wrapped extension cable. The advantage of the last approach is in the reduction of the number of cables between the KVM switch and connected computers. The disadvantage is the cost of these cables.

The method of switching from one computer to another depends on the switch. The original peripheral switches (Rose, circa 1988) used a rotary switch while active electronic switches (Cybex, circa 1990) used push buttons on the KVM device. In both cases, the KVM aligns operation between different computers and the users' keyboard, monitor and mouse (user console).

In 1992–1993, Cybex Corporation engineered keyboard hot-key commands.[citation needed] Today, most KVMs are controlled through non-invasive hot-key commands (e.g. Ctrl+Ctrl, Scroll Lock+Scroll Lock and the Print Screen keys). Hot-key switching is often complemented with an on-screen display system that displays a list of connected computers.

KVM switches differ in the number of computers that can be connected. Traditional switching configurations range from 2 to 64 possible computers attached to a single device. Enterprise-grade devices interconnected via daisy-chained and/or cascaded methods can support over 1,000 devices equally accessed by any given user console.[7]

Video bandwidth

[edit]

While HDMI, DisplayPort, and DVI switches have been manufactured, VGA is still the most common video connector found with KVM switches for industrial applications and manufacturing applications, although many switches are now compatible with HDMI and DisplayPort connectors. Analogue switches can be built with varying capacities for video bandwidth, affecting the unit's overall cost and quality. A typical consumer-grade switch provides up to 200 MHz bandwidth, allowing for high-definition resolutions at 60 Hz.

For analog video, resolution and refresh rate are the primary factors in determining the amount of bandwidth needed for the signal. The method of converting these factors into bandwidth requirements is a point of ambiguity, in part because it is dependent on the analogue nature and state of the hardware. The same piece of equipment may require more bandwidth as it ages due to increased degradation of the source signal. Most conversion formulas attempt to approximate the amount of bandwidth needed, including a margin of safety. As a rule of thumb, switch circuitry should provide up to three times the bandwidth required by the original signal specification, as this allows most instances of signal loss to be contained outside the range of the signal that is pertinent to picture quality.

As CRT-based displays are dependent on refresh rate to prevent flickering, they generally require more bandwidth than comparable flat panel displays. High-resolution and High-refresh-rate monitors become standard setups for advanced high-end KVM switches (specially with Gaming PC).

  • 2023: the highest resolutions and refresh-rate supported by Advanced DDM-class DisplayPort 1.4 KVM switch at 4K144hz, 5K120/240hz, 8K60hz (w/DSC) [citation needed]

Monitor

[edit]

A monitor uses DDC and EDID, transmitted through specific pins, to identify itself to the system. KVM switches may have different ways of handling these data transmissions:

  • None: the KVM switch lacks the circuitry to handle this data, and the monitor is not "visible" to the system. The system may assume a generic monitor is attached and defaults to safe settings. Higher resolutions and refresh rates may need to be manually unlocked through the video driver as a safety precaution. However, certain applications (especially games) that depend on retrieving DDC/EDID information will not be able to function correctly.
  • Fake: the KVM switch generates its own DDC/EDID information that may or may not be appropriate for the monitor that is attached. Problems may arise if there is an inconsistency between the KVM's specifications and the monitor's, such as not being able to select desired resolutions.
  • Pass-through: the KVM switch attempts to make communication between the monitor and the system transparent. However, it may fail to do so in the following ways:
    • generating Hot Plug Detect (HPD) events for monitor arrival or removal upon switching, or not passing monitor power states - may cause the OS to re-detect the monitor and reset the resolution and refresh rate, or may cause the monitor to enter or exit power-saving mode;
    • not passing or altering MCSS commands - may result in incorrect orientation of the display or improper color calibration.

Microsoft guidelines recommend that KVM switches pass unaltered any I2C traffic between the monitor and the PC hosts, and do not generate HPD events upon switching to a different port while maintaining stable non-noise signal on inactive ports.[8][9]

Monitors with built-in KVM switch functions
More monitors had been included a built-in KVM switch to be able to have two computer systems (two upstream system connections) to share the monitor. However, since most of current monitors with KVM switch functions had been putting the only hub-class KVM switch with them. There is no HID emulation or no EDID emulation/feeding to all connected systems. In addition, they're limited to having 2 systems connected to it. And only can control one monitor (the monitor itself only) with the built-in KVM switch. The built-in KVM switch CAN not support multi-monitor switching and control via it. [citation needed]

Passive and active (electronic) switches

[edit]
Mechanical switch for keyboard (serial, PS/2 connector) and video (VGA, DE-15 connector)

KVM switches were originally passive, mechanical devices based on multi-pole switches and some of the cheapest devices on the market still use this technology. Mechanical switches usually have a rotary knob to select between computers. KVMs typically allow sharing of two or four computers, with a practical limit of about twelve machines imposed by limitations on available switch configurations. Modern hardware designs use active electronics rather than physical switch contacts with the potential to control many computers on a common system backbone.

One limitation of mechanical KVM switches is that any computer not currently selected by the KVM switch does not 'see' a keyboard or mouse connected to it. In normal operation this is not a problem, but while the machine is booting up it will attempt to detect its keyboard and mouse and either fail to boot or boot with an unwanted (e.g. mouseless) configuration. Likewise, a failure to detect the monitor may result in the computer falling back to a low resolution such as (typically) 640x480. Thus, mechanical KVM switches may be unsuitable for controlling machines which can reboot automatically (e.g. after a power failure).

Another problem encountered with mechanical devices is the failure of one or more switch contacts to make firm, low resistance electrical connections, often necessitating some wiggling or adjustment of the knob to correct patchy colors on screen or unreliable peripheral response. Gold-plated contacts improve that aspect of switch performance, but add cost to the device.

Most active (electronic rather than mechanical) KVM devices provide peripheral emulation, sending signals to the computers that are not currently selected to simulate a keyboard, mouse and monitor being connected. These are used to control machines which may reboot in unattended operation. Peripheral emulation services embedded in the hardware also provides continuous support where computers require constant communication with the peripherals.

Some types of active KVM switches do not emit signals that exactly match the physical keyboard, monitor, and mouse, which can result in unwanted behavior of the controlled machines. For example, the user of a multimedia keyboard connected to a KVM switch may find that the keyboard's multimedia keys have no effect on the controlled computers.

Software alternatives

[edit]

There are software alternatives to some of the functionality of a hardware KVM switch, such as Multiplicity, Synergy, and Barrier, which does the switching in software and forwards input over standard network connections. This has the advantage of reducing the number of wires needed. Screen-edge switching allows the mouse to function over both monitors of two computers.

Remote KVM extenders

[edit]

There are two types of remote KVM extenders that are best described as local remote and KVM over IP.

Local remote (including KVM over USB)

[edit]

Local remote KVM extender design allows users to control computer equipment up to 1,000 feet (300 m) away from the user consoles (keyboard, monitor and mouse). They require a direct cable connection from the computer to the KVM extender to the console[10] and include support for standard category 5 cabling between computers and users interconnected by the extender. In contrast, USB powered KVM extenders are able to control computer equipment using a combination of USB, keyboard, mouse and monitor cables of up to 5 metres (16 ft).[11]

KVM over IP (IPKVM)

[edit]

KVM switch over IP extenders use a dedicated micro-controller and potentially specialized video capture hardware to capture the video, keyboard, and mouse signals, compress and convert them into packets, and send them over an Ethernet link to a remote console application that unpacks and reconstitutes the dynamic graphical image. KVM over IP subsystem is typically connected to a system's standby power plane so that it's available during the entire BIOS boot process. These extender devices allow multiple computers to be controlled locally or globally with the use of an IP connection.[10] There are performance issues related with LAN/WAN hardware, standard protocols and network latency so user management is commonly referred to as "near real time".

Access to most remote or "KVM" over IP extenders today use a web browser, although many of the stand-alone viewer software applications provided by many manufacturers are also reliant on ActiveX or Java.

Whitelisting

[edit]

Some KVM chipsets or manufacturers require the "whitelisting" or authority to connect to be implicitly enabled. Without the whitelist addition, the device will not work. This is by design and required to connect non-standard USB devices to KVM extenders. This is completed by noting the device's ID (usually copied from the Device manager in Windows), or documentation from the manufacturer of the USB device.

Generally all HID or consumer grade USB peripherals are exempt, but more exotic devices like tablets, or digitisers or USB toggles require manual addition to the white list table of the KVM.

Implementation

[edit]

In comparison to conventional methods of remote administration (for example in-band Virtual Network Computing or Terminal Services), a KVM switch has the advantage that it doesn't depend on a software component running on the remote computer, thus allowing remote interaction with base level BIOS settings and monitoring of the entire booting process before, during, and after the operating system loads. Modern KVM over IP appliances or switches typically use at least 128-bit data encryption securing the KVM configuration over a WAN or LAN (using SSL).

KVM over IP extenders can be implemented in different ways. With regards to video, PCI KVM over IP cards use a form of screen scraping where the PCI bus master KVM over IP card would access and copy out the screen directly from the graphics memory buffer, and as a result it must know which graphics chip it is working with, and what graphics mode this chip is currently in so that the contents of the buffer can be interpreted correctly as picture data. Newer techniques in OPMA management subsystem cards and other implementations get the video data directly using the DVI bus. Implementations can emulate either PS/2 or USB based keyboards and mice. An embedded VNC server is typically used for the video protocol in IPMI and Intel AMT implementations.

Computer sharing devices

[edit]

KVM switches are called KVM sharing devices because two or more computers can share a single set of KVM peripherals. Computer sharing devices function in reverse compared to KVM switches; that is, a single PC can be shared by multiple monitors, keyboards, and mice. A computer sharing device is sometimes referred to as a KVM Splitter or reverse KVM switch. While not as common, this configuration is useful when the operator wants to access a single computer from two or more (usually close) locations - for example, a public kiosk machine that also has a staff maintenance interface behind the counter, or a home office computer that doubles as a home theater PC.

See also

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to KVM switches.

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

KVM switch

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
A KVM switch, short for keyboard, video, and switch, is a hardware device that enables a user to control multiple computers or servers from a single set of peripherals, including one keyboard, one video monitor, and one . KVM switches originated in the late and early as simple mechanical devices using rotary switches to connect peripherals to multiple systems, driven by the growing need to manage expanding server farms and centers efficiently. The term "KVM switch" was first introduced in by Remigius Shatas, founder of , marking a shift toward more integrated hardware solutions. By the , digital KVM switches emerged, offering faster switching and better signal quality compared to analog predecessors, which were limited to basic A/B push-button or hot-key controls. Modern KVM switches are categorized into several types, including analog models that transmit uncompressed signals over cables, digital variants that convert signals for higher resolution and longer distances, and IP-based KVMs that enable remote access over networks. Key features often include hot-key switching, on-screen displays (OSD) for menu navigation, multi-monitor support, and compatibility with various interfaces like USB, , and . Some advanced models incorporate protocols, such as emulation to prevent signal leakage between connected systems. These devices are widely used in IT environments, including data centers, , and professional workstations, to streamline operations by consolidating peripherals and reducing clutter. Benefits include significant savings in space, power, and equipment costs, as well as improved through quick peripheral switching without physical reconnection. In setups, KVM switches facilitate efficient server pool management, supporting scalability in and scenarios.

Definition and Terminology

Core Concept

A KVM switch, short for Keyboard, Video, and Mouse switch, is a hardware device that enables a user to control multiple computers from a single set of peripherals, including one keyboard, one video monitor, and one , by routing signals through a selector such as a or hotkey. Software-based KVM solutions achieve similar functionality through emulation, allowing peripheral sharing without additional hardware, though they may introduce latency in video handling. At its core, a KVM switch consists of input ports that connect to the video outputs and peripheral interfaces of multiple computers, output ports that link to the shared keyboard, monitor, and , and a switching mechanism—typically a physical , keyboard hotkey sequence, or remote control—that toggles control between connected systems. This setup ensures seamless signal redirection, maintaining compatibility with standard interfaces while minimizing the need for duplicate peripherals. KVM switches originated in the late as simple devices focused on keyboard and monitor sharing to streamline IT management in growing centers and server environments. Early models relied on PS/2 connectors for peripherals and VGA for video, supporting basic resolutions suitable for text-based interfaces. Over time, they evolved to accommodate modern standards, transitioning to USB for broader peripheral compatibility, and for , and resolutions up to 8K at 60Hz as of 2025, driven by advancements in and bandwidth demands in and gaming setups. A primary benefit of KVM switches is the reduction of clutter and hardware costs, as they consolidate multiple peripherals into one shared set, eliminating the need for redundant keyboards, monitors, and mice per computer while optimizing workspace in multi-system environments.

Naming and Etymology

The acronym KVM in the context of computer peripherals stands for Keyboard, Video, and Mouse, referring to the core input and output devices that a switch allows a user to share among multiple computers. The "K" denotes the keyboard for text and command input, "V" represents video or display output to a monitor, and "M" signifies the or other for cursor control. This breakdown reflects the device's primary function of consolidating these elements into a single console for efficient multi-system management. The term "KVM switch" emerged in the mid-1990s, building on earlier hardware from the known as "keyboard/video" or "KV" switches, which lacked support since pointing devices were not yet ubiquitous. In 1995, Remigius Shatas, founder of Cybex Computer Products Corporation (now part of ), coined the full "keyboard, video, and (KVM) switch" phrase to describe expanded devices that incorporated functionality. Common variations include "KM switch," which omits video handling and focuses solely on keyboard and sharing, often for setups with separate displays. In enterprise environments, the term "console switch" is frequently used interchangeably with KVM to emphasize applications. The evolution continued with "USB KVM" designations in the late and , highlighting compatibility with USB peripherals for broader device support beyond traditional PS/2 connections. It is important to distinguish this hardware from the unrelated "KVM" in computing, which abbreviates , an open-source module for system virtualization introduced in 2007. Industry bodies such as VESA () and IEEE have shaped related terminology since the 1990s through standards for display compatibility (e.g., DDC/CI protocols) and cabling, ensuring consistent naming in KVM specifications for video and peripheral integration.

Types of KVM Switches

Hardware Variants

Hardware KVM switches come in various physical form factors designed to accommodate different environments and user needs. Desktop models are compact, standalone units typically intended for controlling 2 to 4 computers in home offices or small workspaces. These devices often feature a small that sits on a , with straightforward cabling for connecting peripherals and hosts, and they commonly support standard interfaces such as VGA, for video, and USB for keyboard, mouse, and additional devices. Rackmount models, in contrast, are engineered for professional IT environments like server rooms and data centers, occupying 1U or 2U spaces in standard 19-inch racks. These units can manage 8 or more computers simultaneously and frequently incorporate integrated features such as front-panel LCD consoles for local access, including built-in keyboards and touchpads within a slide-out drawer. For instance, the NetDirector series offers an 8-port 1U rack-mount KVM switch with IP capabilities and a 17-inch LCD display for efficient space utilization in constrained rack setups. Port configurations in hardware KVM switches vary to support diverse setups, with options for single-head (one monitor) or dual-head () video outputs to handle extended desktop environments. Beyond core video and USB ports, many models include dedicated support for audio switching, serial ports for legacy device connectivity, and high-speed or higher interfaces to enable peripherals like external drives or printers without performance bottlenecks. As of 2025, the KVM switch market segments hardware variants primarily into desktop units for and small applications versus rackmount designs targeted at IT professionals and enterprise deployments, with the global market projected to reach USD 773.51 million in value driven by demand for efficient multi-system . Emerging hardware variants increasingly integrate connectivity to align with modern laptops and workstations, often supporting docking for seamless video, data, and power delivery in a single cable solution. Examples include 2-port KVM switches that enable plug-and-play sharing between 3/4 devices and peripherals.

Software-Based Solutions

Software-based KVM solutions emulate the functionality of hardware KVM switches by allowing users to share a single keyboard and mouse across multiple computers connected via a (LAN), eliminating the need for dedicated physical hardware. These tools operate by designating one computer as the server—where the peripherals are physically connected—and others as clients that receive input over the network, enabling seamless cursor movement between screens as if they were part of an extended desktop. Examples include , which supports cross-platform compatibility for Windows, macOS, and ; ShareMouse, offering encrypted connections and monitor layout configuration; and Input Director, focused on Windows environments with hotkey-based switching. In virtualized environments, software solutions integrate with hypervisors to provide console sharing for controlling multiple virtual machines (VMs) using a single set of peripherals, though this requires the host operating system to be running, unlike hardware KVMs that bypass the OS. VMware Workstation, for instance, includes a KVM mode that facilitates quick input switching between full-screen VMs and the host using hotkeys, supporting shared clipboard and drag-and-drop via VMware Tools. Similarly, Oracle VM VirtualBox enables input sharing across multiple VMs through window focus switching and Guest Additions, which provide seamless mode integration where VM applications appear directly on the host desktop, along with shared folders and clipboard synchronization. These features make software approaches suitable for development and testing setups where VMs run on a single host, but they lack the direct peripheral passthrough of hardware solutions. Open-source alternatives like Barrier, a fork of the original Synergy project, offer cross-platform keyboard and mouse sharing without licensing costs, supporting Windows, macOS, , and even . Barrier extends basic input control with features such as encrypted SSL connections, synchronization across machines, and drag-and-drop between supported operating systems, making it a flexible option for multi-computer workflows. Its active community maintenance ensures compatibility with modern hardware and software updates, positioning it as a reliable, no-cost of KVM functionality over LAN. Despite their advantages, software-based KVM solutions have inherent limitations, including heavy dependence on network stability, where latency or disconnections can disrupt input transmission and cause erratic cursor . Unlike hardware KVMs, they do not provide native video switching, requiring users to pair them with separate remote desktop protocols like RDP or VNC for screen sharing, which introduces additional overhead and potential security considerations. This network reliance also means software tools cannot function without active OS processes on all connected machines, limiting their use in boot-time or failure scenarios.

Technical Specifications

Switching Mechanisms

KVM switches employ two primary categories of switching mechanisms: passive and active. Passive switches operate through simple mechanical or cable-based redirection, utilizing multi-pole switches or multiplexers to physically reroute keyboard, video, and signals between connected computers without requiring external power. These devices are limited to low-bandwidth analog signals, such as VGA resolutions up to 1920x1200, as they lack amplification and can suffer from signal degradation over longer cable runs. Active, or electronic, switches are powered devices that incorporate integrated circuits for signal amplification, conditioning, and emulation to handle higher-bandwidth digital signals like or . They support features such as EDID emulation, where the switch mimics the monitor's to each computer, ensuring stable handshaking and preventing resolution changes or screen blanking during switches. This allows reliable operation at resolutions up to 4K or higher, with active electronics maintaining . Switching in KVM devices can be initiated through various methods, including manual controls on the device itself, hotkey sequences entered via the shared keyboard—such as double-pressing followed by a port number—and commands for automated or remote control in enterprise setups. Premium USB KM switches offer advanced switching features, including boundless switching by moving the mouse cursor to the screen edge to seamlessly transfer control between computers, hotkey switching, mouse wheel switching (with compatible USB mice), and no disconnect delay through USB emulation that eliminates lag and dropped devices during transitions. Passive mechanisms offer lower cost and simplicity but are prone to signal loss and incompatibility with modern high-resolution displays over distance, limiting their use to basic analog environments. In contrast, active switches provide superior reliability and versatility for digital signals, though they depend on a power source and may introduce slight latency in emulation processes.

Video and Display Handling

KVM switches handle video signals by supporting specific bandwidth capacities that determine the maximum resolution, refresh rate, and color depth they can transmit without loss. For analog interfaces like VGA, bandwidth is measured in MHz, with many models limited to 300 MHz to ensure clear signals up to 1920x1440 resolution. For digital interfaces, such as HDMI 2.1, bandwidth reaches up to 48 Gbps, accommodating uncompressed 8K video at 60 Hz. Pixel clock frequency can be approximated in MHz as:
Pixel clock (MHz)≈Horizontal resolution×Vertical resolution×Refresh rate1,000,000\text{Pixel clock (MHz)} \approx \frac{\text{Horizontal resolution} \times \text{Vertical resolution} \times \text{Refresh rate}}{1,000,000}
This ignores blanking intervals; for instance, a 1920×1080 display at 60 Hz requires approximately 124 MHz (actual ~148.5 MHz with blanking). For digital bandwidth, bit rate in Gbps is pixel clock (MHz) × bits per pixel / 1000. Resolution support in KVM switches has evolved significantly from early models limited to VGA (640×480) and SVGA (800×600) standards, which were common in the for basic multi-computer setups. Contemporary devices now support up to 8K (7680×4320) at 60 Hz, including for dynamic range enhancement and improved color accuracy in professional environments like . Dual-monitor cascading configurations enable extended desktops, allowing users to span a single workspace across two or more displays for seamless productivity without reconfiguration upon switching. Signal degradation poses challenges in video transmission, particularly with passive KVM switches that rely on direct cable passthrough, restricting reliable operation to short distances under 10 m to minimize and artifacts like ghosting or color shift. Active KVM switches address this through integrated signal boosters or equalizers, regenerating the video signal to support longer cable runs—up to 50 m or more—while preserving quality for high-resolution outputs. Compliance with industry standards ensures interoperability; KVM switches adhere to DVI for legacy digital video, DisplayPort 1.4 for high-bandwidth multi-monitor setups, and HDMI 2.1 for consumer-grade 8K transmission. EDID (Extended Display Identification Data) handling is essential, as switches emulate monitor capabilities to sources, preventing "no signal" errors during port switching by maintaining consistent resolution and timing data.

Peripheral Compatibility

KVM switches traditionally support legacy PS/2 interfaces for keyboards and mice, which emulate standard AT-compatible devices to ensure broad compatibility with older systems. Modern KVM switches have shifted to USB standards, commonly supporting USB 2.0 for basic input devices, with higher-end models incorporating for faster data transfer rates up to 5 Gbps and USB 4.0 for enhanced performance in peripheral sharing. Emulation modes in these switches often handle relative positioning for standard mice, simulating and inputs seamlessly, while advanced units support absolute positioning for devices like graphics tablets through HID-compliant protocols. Extended peripheral support extends beyond basic input, with many KVM switches featuring built-in USB hubs that accommodate devices such as printers and webcams via USB 2.0 or 3.0 ports, allowing shared access without dedicated drivers in most cases. Audio switching is commonly implemented through 3.5mm jacks for analog stereo output and microphone input, or via USB Audio Class compliance for digital audio peripherals, enabling synchronized sound and voice transfer between connected computers. However, compatibility challenges arise with specialized devices; for instance, gaming mice with high polling rates or macro functions may require specific drivers on the host systems, as basic HID support in KVM switches can lead to lag or incomplete feature recognition. Multi-platform compatibility ensures KVM switches function across operating systems like Windows, macOS, and , often through plug-and-play USB connections that abstract hardware differences for portable setups. This cross-OS support relies on standardized HID protocols for input devices, minimizing configuration needs while allowing seamless switching in mixed environments. As of 2025, high-end KVM models integrate and interfaces, providing up to 40 Gbps bandwidth for peripherals, which supports high-speed data transfer for demanding devices like or multi-monitor hubs in professional workflows. These advanced connections maintain with USB 3.x devices while enabling power delivery up to 100W, enhancing portability for laptop-based setups. Premium USB KM switches, a variant focused on keyboard and mouse sharing without video handling, offer expandability through daisy-chaining to support up to 8 computers and suitability for multi-monitor setups via boundless switching that enables seamless cursor movement across multiple displays. For compatibility with Apple devices like the Mac mini and MacBook Pro, which primarily use USB-C and Thunderbolt ports, selecting KVM switches that support these interfaces is essential to ensure high-resolution video outputs, such as up to 4K@60Hz, and seamless peripheral sharing.

Applications and Use Cases

Local Multi-Computer Control

In home and office settings, KVM switches enable users to control multiple local computers—typically 2 to 4 systems such as a desktop PC, , and work-provided machine—using a single monitor, keyboard, and , thereby conserving limited space and reducing peripheral clutter. These setups are particularly suited for small-scale environments where physical proximity to all machines allows for direct cable connections without the need for extended range solutions. Setting up a KVM switch begins with powering off all connected devices and attaching video cables (e.g., or ) from each computer's output to the corresponding input ports on the switch. Next, connect USB cables for keyboard and from the computers to the switch's input ports, then link the shared peripherals to the switch's console outputs; finally, power on the devices and access the (OSD) menu—often via hotkeys or a dedicated —to configure input selection, resolution compatibility, and switching modes. This process ensures seamless local switching, with basic hardware variants like USB-based models being ideal for such straightforward implementations. For setups involving Apple devices such as a Mac mini and MacBook Pro, select a Mac-compatible KVM switch that supports high-resolution displays, USB-C or Thunderbolt connections, and inputs like HDMI or DisplayPort. Connect the video outputs from both devices to the corresponding inputs on the KVM switch, attach the shared monitor to the KVM output, and link the keyboard and mouse to the KVM's USB ports. When switching to the MacBook Pro, employ clamshell mode by closing the lid, ensuring external peripherals are connected via the KVM for control. Switching between devices can be performed using a button on the switch, hotkeys, or a remote control. Key benefits of local KVM control include significant cost savings, as one high-quality monitor can serve multiple systems instead of requiring duplicates, and enhanced in scenarios like or dual-OS workflows where rapid toggling between machines minimizes . However, common challenges in passive models, which rely on mechanical switching without signal amplification, involve keyboard lag or input delays due to USB signal degradation over shared connections. Such issues can often be resolved through updates to improve compatibility or by opting for active models with built-in signal boosting. A practical example is a freelance developer employing a KVM switch to alternate between a Windows-based for running applications and a for coding and open-source development, allowing efficient resource sharing on a compact home desk without interrupting creative flow.

Enterprise and Data Center Deployment

In enterprise and data center environments, rackmount KVM switches are essential for managing large server farms, allowing IT administrators to control multiple servers from a single console while occupying minimal rack space, typically 1U. These devices enable BIOS-level access, which is critical for low-level maintenance tasks such as firmware updates, hardware diagnostics, and troubleshooting without relying on the operating system. For instance, solutions like Raritan's Dominion KX III provide BIOS access to servers for reconfiguration and rebooting, ensuring reliable operation in high-density setups. KVM switches integrate seamlessly with power distribution units (PDUs) to facilitate remote , allowing administrators to cycle power to individual servers or outlets without physical intervention. Matrix switching configurations extend this capability to over 100 computers through cascading or modular setups, enabling centralized control in expansive data centers. ATEN's Matrix KVM switches, for example, support multi-port for secure access to numerous servers, while Eaton's KVM solutions allow assignment of ports to switched PDUs for integrated power and console oversight. Key advantages include significant reduction in cabling complexity within colocation facilities, where shared rack space demands efficient resource use; Cat5/Cat6-based KVMs leverage existing network infrastructure to minimize clutter and improve airflow. Additionally, they support , providing console access during operating system failures or network outages, which accelerates recovery and minimizes in mission-critical operations. Eaton's KVM implementations highlight how this cabling efficiency leverages resources while maintaining high performance. KVM switches are widely adopted in regulated industries such as and healthcare, where secure switching ensures compliance with standards like HIPAA by isolating sensitive systems and preventing leakage. In , they secure trading platforms, while healthcare applications protect through NIAP-certified isolation. The global KVM switch market is projected to reach USD 1 billion by 2030, driven by enterprise demand. As of 2025, trends emphasize hybrid integration, with KVM consoles linking on-premise physical servers to virtual instances for unified management in mixed environments.

Remote and Extended Solutions

Local Extenders and USB Integration

Local extenders for KVM switches enable the transmission of keyboard, video, and signals over short to medium distances using wired connections, without relying on IP networks. These devices typically employ Category 5/6 (CAT5/6) Ethernet cables to extend video and USB signals up to 100 meters, supporting resolutions such as or 4K depending on the model and cable quality. For instance, and USB KVM extenders over CAT5e/6 can reliably transmit signals up to 100 meters for standard video, though higher resolutions like 4K@60Hz are often limited to 50 meters to maintain signal quality. For applications requiring greater distances, fiber optic KVM extenders are utilized, supporting runs from several hundred meters to up to 20 kilometers over a single fiber cable while preserving high-resolution video and USB . These extenders convert electrical signals to optical for transmission, eliminating and enabling resolutions up to 4K or higher over multi-mode or single-mode fiber. KVM over USB solutions integrate USB 2.0 or 3.0 extenders that emulate Human Interface Device (HID) functionality for keyboards and mice, while providing transparent peripheral passthrough for devices like storage drives or printers. This allows seamless control as if the peripherals were directly connected, with USB 2.0 supporting data rates up to 480 Mbps and USB 3.0 up to 5 Gbps over CATx cables. Such extenders find applications in environments like control rooms, where operators need to manage physically separated computers for monitoring systems, and in kiosks, where user interfaces must be extended from secure backend hardware without exposing the main units. In control rooms, they facilitate real-time access to multiple systems while keeping servers in cooled, secure areas; in kiosks, they support extended serial connectivity for interactive displays. Limitations include signal integrity degradation beyond 50 meters on CAT5/6 cables for high-bandwidth video, often requiring signal boosters or to extend range without artifacts like flickering or color loss; fiber optics mitigate this for longer distances. Unlike IP-based systems, these local extenders operate without dependency, ensuring low-latency, dedicated connections. Recent developments as of 2025 include high-bandwidth extenders leveraging or 4 technology, achieving up to 40 Gbps over short distances to support dual 4K@60Hz video alongside USB peripherals. These advancements enhance compatibility with modern displays in local setups.

IP-Based KVM Systems

IP-based KVM systems, also known as IP-KVM or KVM over IP, enable the transmission of keyboard, video, and signals over IP networks including Ethernet, local area networks (LAN), and wide area networks (WAN). These systems capture analog KVM signals from connected computers, convert them to digital packets, compress the , and transmit it securely using standard TCP/IP protocols, allowing remote users to control multiple servers as if locally connected. A core capability is BIOS-level remote console access, which permits booting, reconfiguration, and diagnostics even when the host operating system is offline or compromised. options, such as PiKVM based on , provide cost-effective alternatives for customizable deployments. Access to these systems occurs via browser-based interfaces, with modern implementations favoring for cross-platform compatibility without requiring plugins, while legacy options include applets or dedicated client applications. Video handling relies on compression algorithms such as H.264 to reduce latency and bandwidth demands, supporting resolutions up to 4K in high-performance setups. Security protocols like SSL/TLS and ensure encrypted sessions, with out-of-band transmission keeping control separate from production data networks. Hardware for IP-KVM typically consists of standalone appliances, such as the Raritan Dominion KX III, which manages up to 64 servers with multi-user support and features like absolute mouse synchronization, or PCIe cards integrated directly into host servers, including the IP8000 for and remote access or the SiPEED NanoKVM-PCIe for compact, low-latency control. These devices often include additional ports for serial console access and virtual media support, with encoding handled on dedicated hardware to minimize host resource usage. Standalone units are rack-mountable for data centers, while PCIe variants suit embedded deployments in individual servers. Advantages of IP-based KVM systems encompass global accessibility, enabling IT staff to manage assets from any location without physical presence, and virtual media mounting, which allows remote attachment of ISO files or USB devices for software installation and updates. They are particularly valuable in Disaster Recovery as a Service (DRaaS) setups, where BIOS-level access supports rapid and system restoration during outages. Compared to local extenders, IP-KVM provides scalable, network-based reach for distributed environments. In , IP-KVM advancements emphasize zero-trust security integration, with devices like the JetKVM adopting models that verify every access request regardless of origin, often incorporating for federated in remote sessions. This aligns with broader security trends.

Security and Implementation Considerations

Access Control Features

Access control features in KVM switches are essential for securing shared environments, particularly in high-security settings like and enterprise networks where unauthorized access could lead to data breaches. These features typically include robust mechanisms to verify user identity before granting control over connected systems. For instance, most secure KVM switches support username and , with default credentials often required to be changed upon initial setup to enforce strong policies. Advanced integrates with enterprise directory services such as LDAP or , allowing users to authenticate using existing network credentials without separate accounts. Tripp Lite's B07X-Series KVM switches, for example, enable LDAP configuration to search Active Directory bases and permit login with domain credentials. Additionally, two-factor authentication (2FA) enhances through protocols like , where a secondary factor such as a is required after primary credential validation. G&D Systems implemented 2FA via RADIUS in their KVM solutions in 2023 to protect access to . Whitelisting mechanisms further restrict access by limiting connections to approved devices or networks. In IP-based KVM systems, whitelisting prevents unauthorized remote logins by allowing only specified IP ranges or addresses. Local KVM switches may employ filtering to ensure only pre-approved hardware can connect peripherals. These controls are particularly vital in IP-KVM setups to mitigate risks from external networks. Encryption protocols safeguard transmission and storage within KVM operations. IP-KVM sessions commonly use SSL/TLS to encrypt video, keyboard, and mouse , preventing interception during remote access. Raritan's Dominion series incorporates certified encryption modules for compliance in federal environments, ensuring cryptographic operations meet U.S. standards. ATEN's KN2124VA KVM-over-IP switch also adheres to Level 1 for secure video and virtual media handling. Audit features provide and for access activities. Session records user actions, connection times, and switch events, enabling administrators to review and export logs for compliance audits. ATEN secure KVM switches offer dedicated functions for auditing KVM log data, including port-specific controls. Tamper-evident and seals detect physical or software alterations; Tripp Lite secure KVM models include protected that cannot be modified without voiding security certifications, along with chassis-intrusion detection. Raritan secure switches maintain non-erasable log data from manufacturing, supporting standards like NIAP Protection Profiles. Despite these protections, KVM switches remain targets for vulnerabilities, necessitating ongoing mitigations. In 2025, ATEN addressed multiple buffer overflow issues in their CL5708IM LCD KVM-over-IP switch through firmware updates; CVE-2025-3605 (stack-based) and CVE-2025-3712 (heap-based) allowed unauthenticated remote code execution in versions prior to v2.2.215, patched to prevent exploitation. Role-based access control (RBAC) mitigates such risks by assigning granular permissions based on user roles, limiting administrative privileges and reducing the impact of compromised accounts. Enterprise KVM solutions like those from Raritan implement RBAC to enforce least-privilege access in multi-user environments.

Deployment Best Practices

Effective deployment of KVM switches requires careful attention to installation, configuration, , and to ensure reliable operation, minimize downtime, and support in diverse environments. Proper practices enhance , user efficiency, and system longevity while accommodating evolving hardware demands. During installation, prioritize organized to prevent signal degradation and facilitate future expansions; use labeled, high-quality cables rated for the required resolution and length, such as active cables for distances beyond 15 meters, to maintain video fidelity. Implement power redundancy by connecting the KVM switch to uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) or dual power inputs where available, particularly in enterprise settings, to mitigate outages and ensure continuous access. updates should be performed immediately after installation via USB or the device's web interface, downloading the latest version from the manufacturer's site to address vulnerabilities and compatibility issues. Configuration involves mapping ports to specific computers for intuitive switching, often through the device's onboard interface or software, allowing users to assign dedicated channels for streamlined access. Customize hotkeys—such as combinations—for rapid port selection, tailoring them to workflow needs while avoiding conflicts with application shortcuts. Test for EDID compliance by verifying that the KVM emulates display data from the primary monitor across switches, preventing resolution changes or blank screens; this can be confirmed using built-in diagnostics or third-party EDID tools during setup. Ongoing maintenance includes periodic signal checks, such as inspecting connections for looseness and using oscilloscopes or built-in testers to detect in video feeds, ideally every six months in high-use scenarios. Backup configurations regularly via exportable files from the management interface to enable quick restoration after changes or failures. Plan for by selecting modular or cascadable KVM models that support port expansions without full replacement, assessing current port utilization against projected growth in connected devices. Troubleshooting common issues like ghosting—video artifacts such as trailing images—often stems from passive signal splitting in low-end switches; resolve this by upgrading to active KVM units that amplify and regenerate signals for clearer output, especially with high-resolution displays. For integration with Network Management Systems (NMS), configure SNMP support on compatible KVMs to enable centralized monitoring of switch status, alerting on failures like port disconnects. As of 2025, best practices emphasize AI-driven auto-switching in enterprise models, where algorithms predict and execute port changes based on user patterns in dynamic environments. Hybrid setups combining local analog connections with IP-based extensions provide , allowing seamless between on-site and remote access for critical operations.

References

  1. https://www.aten.com/us/en/resources/feature-articles/what-is-a-kvm-switch/
  2. https://www.racksolutions.com/news/blog/what-is-a-kvm-switch-and-how-does-it-work/
  3. https://www.vertiv.com/en-us/about/news-and-insights/articles/educational-articles/what-is-a-kvm-switchbox/
  4. https://www.icchipnet.com/what-is-kvm-switch/
  5. https://www.kynix.com/Blog/history-evolution-kvm-switches-digital-ip-solutions.html
  6. http://www.blackbox.com/insights/blogs/detail/tps/2023/05/09/a-brief-history-of-kvm-in-broadcast
  7. http://archive.42u.com/kvm_switch_history.htm
  8. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-ITC1-PURL-gpo13444/pdf/GOVPUB-ITC1-PURL-gpo13444.pdf
  9. https://www.engr.siu.edu/staff1/ahmed/mywebpage/Maxwell_SIUC_HPC_Description_Tutorial.pdf
  10. https://www.vertiv.com/en-us/about/news-and-insights/articles/educational-articles/what-is-a-kvm-switch/
  11. https://www.avaccess.com/blogs/guides/kvm-switch-software-or-hardware/
  12. https://www.fs.com/blog/the-ultimate-guide-to-kvm-switches-15767.html
  13. https://www.avaccess.com/blogs/guides/best-kvm-switch-for-gaming/
  14. https://www.adder.com/en/kvm-solutions/what-kvm
  15. https://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/avocent-corporation-history/
  16. https://www.rextron.com/USB-and-Keyboard-Mouse-Switches.html
  17. https://i.dell.com/sites/csdocuments/Shared-Content_data-Sheets_Documents/en/PowerEdge-180AS-and-2160AS-KVM-Console-Switch.pdf
  18. https://linux-kvm.org/page/Main_Page
  19. https://iecibucket.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/wp-kvm-switch.pdf
  20. https://tripplite.eaton.com/products/kvm-switch-buying-guide
  21. https://www.kvm-switches-online.com/kvm-switch-article.html
  22. https://tripplite.eaton.com/netdirector-8-port-1u-rack-mount-ip-kvm-switch~B022U08IP
  23. https://www.belkin.com/support-article?articleNum=56543
  24. https://www.startech.com/en-us/kvm-switches-accessories/sv231dd2dua
  25. https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/kvm-switches-market-110777
  26. https://www.aten.com/us/en/products/kvm/desktop-kvm-switches/us3311/
  27. https://www.tesmart.com/products/hdc202-x24
  28. https://symless.com/synergy
  29. https://www.sharemouse.com/
  30. https://www.inputdirector.com/
  31. https://www.sharemouse.com/network-kvm/
  32. https://symless.com/synergy/features
  33. https://www.sharemouse.com/kvm-software-vs-hardware-kvm/
  34. https://www.techtarget.com/searchitoperations/tip/An-introduction-to-VMware-KVM-mode
  35. https://github.com/debauchee/barrier
  36. https://sourceforge.net/projects/barrier.mirror/
  37. https://www.channelfutures.com/connectivity/synergy-the-software-kvm-or-just-km-switch
  38. https://www.sharemouse.com/vnc-vs-software-kvm/
  39. https://www.sharemouse.com/remotedesktop-vs-software-kvm/
  40. https://symless.com/guides/best-kvm-switch
  41. https://arstechnica.com/civis/threads/kvm-switch-limiting-my-resolution-performance.96024/
  42. https://www.raritan.com/blog/detail/understanding-the-four-categories-of-kvm-switches
  43. https://www.connectpro.com/pages/why-edid-emulation-and-edid-feeding-are-so-important-for-a-kvm-switch-or-kvm-extending-touchscreen-applications
  44. https://www.aten.com/us/en/products/kvm/rack-mount-kvm-switches/cs19208/
  45. https://serverfault.com/questions/75180/what-are-the-hotkeys-on-a-belkin-2-port-kvm-switch
  46. https://www.aten.com/global/en/products/kvmtool/kvm-hotkeys/
  47. https://www.startech.com/en-us/kvm-switches-accessories/p2dd46a22-kvm-switch
  48. https://www.aten.com/us/en/products/kvm/desktop-kvm-switches/cs724km/
  49. https://www.kvm-switches-online.com/usb-kvm-switches.html
  50. https://www.amazon.com/SIIG-CE-VG0F11-S1-VGA-Switch/dp/B004UBUIDO
  51. https://www.tesmart.com/collections/hdmi-2-1
  52. https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/14828/how-do-i-calculate-needed-pixel-clock-frequency
  53. https://projectf.io/posts/video-timings-vga-720p-1080p/
  54. https://tripplite.eaton.com/kvm-switch-4-port-desktop-kvm-switch-usb~B006004R
  55. https://www.avaccess.com/products/8ksw21dp-dm-displayport-kvm-switch/
  56. https://www.kvm-switches-online.com/dual-head-kvm-switch.html
  57. https://www.avsforum.com/threads/how-do-i-calculate-video-bandwidth-in-mhz.983057/
  58. https://www.networktechinc.com/edid.html
  59. https://software.grok.lsu.edu/File/325/VirtualBox-UserManual.pdf
  60. https://www.gdsys.com/en-us/service/glossary/hid
  61. https://www.networkhardwares.com/products/tripp-lite-displayport-usb-kvm-switch-b024-dpu08
  62. https://www.startech.com/en-us/kvm-switches-accessories/sv231dviua
  63. http://www.blackbox.com/insights/blogs/detail/tps/2021/02/24/understanding-kvm-usb-technology
  64. https://www.aten.com/global/en/products/kvm/cable-kvm-switches/cs22hf/
  65. https://www.tesmart.com/blogs/news/comparison-of-kvm-switches-and-synergy-exploring-the-differences-and-advantages-of-two-key-tools-in-the-tech-world
  66. https://www.amazon.com/TESmart-Switch-Computers-Ethernet-Microphone/dp/B0FRXZWTRJ
  67. https://www.neweggbusiness.com/product/productlist.aspx?description=thunderbolt%2520kvm&submit=ene
  68. https://www.aten.com/global/en/products/kvm/desktop-kvm-switches/cs724km/
  69. https://www.rextron.com/product-4-Port-USB-C-32-Gen-2-KM-Switcher-USW-T334.html
  70. https://www.avaccess.com/products/idock-m10/
  71. https://www.cablematters.com/pc-1404-178-dual-4k-60hz-usb-c-kvm-switch-2-computers-kvm-switch-usb-c-with-hdmi-displayport-and-4x-usb-30-ports-remote-control-switching.aspx
  72. https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/blog/kvm-switch-to-declutter-desk/
  73. https://directmacro.com/blog/post/kvm-switch-guide
  74. https://www.tesmart.com/blogs/news/how-to-set-up-a-kvm-switch-detailed-step-by-step-guide
  75. https://www.benq.com/en-us/knowledge-center/knowledge/one-set-to-control-two-systems-with-kvm.html
  76. https://www.tesmart.com/blogs/news/how-to-setup-dual-monitors-with-a-macbook-and-a-desktop-using-the-kvm-switch
  77. https://www.avaccess.com/blogs/guides/macbook-and-mac-mini-mac-studio/
  78. https://www.lenovo.com/us/en/glossary/kvm-switch/
  79. https://www.pcworld.com/article/2542220/what-is-a-kvm-switch-pros-and-cons-explained.html
  80. https://rackmountsales.com/blog/troubleshooting-kvm-switches-issues
  81. https://www.avaccess.com/blogs/guides/does-kvm-switch-cause-latency/
  82. https://www.raritan.com/products/kvm-serial/kvm-over-ip-switches/enterprise-ip-kvm-switch
  83. https://www.startech.com/en-us/kvm-switches-accessories/sv1641hdie
  84. https://www.aten.com/us/en/products/kvm/matrix-kvm-switches/km0032/
  85. https://www.eaton.com/us/en-us/products/backup-power-ups-surge-it-power-distribution/networking-and-kvms/kvm-switch-buying-guide.html
  86. https://dataequipmentmanufacturers.com/what-roles-do-kvm-switches-keyboard-video-mouse-for-remote-management-of-servers-have-in-a-data-center/
  87. https://www.xcitium.com/blog/news/what-is-a-kvm-switch/
  88. https://www.emergenresearch.com/es/industry-report/kvm-switch-market
  89. https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/kvm-switch-market
  90. https://www.archivemarketresearch.com/reports/kvm-devices-363642
  91. https://www.startech.com/en-us/kvm-switches-accessories/sv565hdip
  92. https://tripplite.eaton.com/kvm-extender-kit-over-cat5-vga-usb-1080p-330ft~B013330USB
  93. https://www.avaccess.com/products/4kex50-kvm-4k-kvm-extender/
  94. https://www.aten.com/us/en/products/kvm/kvm-extenders/
  95. https://www.kvm-switches-online.com/kvm-extenders.html
  96. https://www.blackbox.com/en-us/store/product/detail/kvm-extender-over-catx---4k-dh-hdmi-usb-20-serial-audio/kvxlch
  97. https://www.aten.com/us/en/products/kvm/kvm-extenders/kx9970t/
  98. https://www.kvmgalore.com/shopping/aten-usb-vga-kvm-console-extender-c-4282.html
  99. https://www.avaccess.com/blogs/guides/kvm-extenders-vs-kvm-over-ip/
  100. https://www.blackbox.com/insights/blackbox-explains/inner/detail/kvm-switches-and-extenders/kvm-extension/using-fiber-optics-for-kvm-extension
  101. https://www.orei.com/products/kvm-extender-over-hdbaset-3-0-bk-exb330eau-k
  102. https://www.tesmart.com/blogs/news/thunderbolt-4-vs-usb-c-which-tesmart-dual-monitor-kvm-switch-fits-your-workflow
  103. https://www.vertiv.com/en-us/about/news-and-insights/articles/educational-articles/what-is-a-kvm-over-ip-switch/
  104. https://www.lantronix.com/wp-content/uploads/pdf/ABCs_of_KVMs_WP.pdf
  105. https://www.gdsys.com/en-us/service/glossary/kvm-over-ip-switch
  106. https://pikvm.github.io/pikvm/
  107. https://www.kvm-switches-online.com/http-javascript-ip-kvm.html
  108. https://pikvm.github.io/pikvm/webrtc_config/
  109. https://www.aten.com/us/en/products/kvm/kvm-over-ip-switches/ip8000/
  110. https://www.storagereview.com/review/sipeed-nanokvm-pcie-review
  111. https://www.avaccess.com/blogs/guides/benefits-of-kvm-over-ip-switch/
  112. https://www.dellkvm.com/images/content/0911-DellVM-WP-EN.pdf
  113. https://www.raritan.com/blog/detail/data-center-disaster-recovery-tools
  114. http://jetkvm.com/docs/networking/remote-access
  115. https://cdn.raritan.com/download/kxiii/v3.8.0/KXIII-AdminGuide-v3.8.0.pdf
  116. https://assets.tripplite.com/model-support-page/how-to-troubleshoot-b07x-series-kvm-switches-for-ldap-en.pdf
  117. https://blog.gdsys.de/en/2023/08/21/2-factor-authentication-introducing-a-new-security-feature/
  118. https://www.raritan.com/about-us/newsroom/detail/raritan-introduces-first-digital-kvm-switch-with-fips-140-2-certified-encry
  119. https://www.aten.com/eu/en/products/kvm/kvm-over-ip-switches/kn2124va/?p=1
  120. https://www.aten.com/us/en/product-landing-page/secure-kvm-series/
  121. https://tripplite.eaton.com/support/owners-manual/903428
  122. https://www.niap-ccevs.org/api/file/get_public_file/?file_id=26229
  123. https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/bulletins/sb25-132
  124. https://www.fs.com/blog/how-to-set-up-your-new-kvm-switch-the-right-way-5442.html
  125. https://www.connectpro.com/blogs/news/unlocking-optimal-kvm-switch-performance-the-crucial-role-of-quality-cables
  126. https://www.raritan.com/landing/data-center-transformations-white-paper/thanks
  127. https://www.vertiv.com/globalassets/documents/manuals/cybex-secure-kvm/hdc11598_vertiv_8_16-port_kvm_user_manual_rev.f.pdf
  128. https://assets.aten.com/product/manual/cs1708a-1716a-s_2013-09-10.pdf
  129. https://www.connectpro.com/blogs/news/understanding-edid-emulation-and-its-importance-in-kvm-switches
  130. https://www.startech.com/en-eu/faq/kvm-switches-general
  131. https://www.aten.com/global/en/solutions/applications/server-room/
  132. https://www.connectpro.com/blogs/news/why-a-monitor-may-display-artifacts-and-distorted-video-when-using-a-kvm-switch
  133. https://www.easycoolav.com/blog/kvm-switch-trends-to-watch-for-in-2025-241
Add your contribution
Related Hubs
User Avatar
No comments yet.