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Kanche
Theatrical release poster
Directed byKrish Jagarlamudi
Screenplay byKrish Jagarlamudi
Dialogues by
Story byKrish Jagarlamudi
Produced byYeduguru Rajeev Reddy
Saibabu Jagarlamudi
StarringVarun Tej
Pragya Jaiswal
Nikitin Dheer
CinematographyGnana Shekar V. S.
Edited bySuraj Jagtap
Rama Krishna Arram
Music byChirantan Bhatt
Production
company
Release date
  • 22 October 2015 (2015-10-22)
Running time
125 minutes[1]
CountryIndia
LanguageTelugu
Budget₹18 crore[2]
Box officeest. ₹20 crore[3]

Kanche (transl. The Fence) is a 2015 Indian Telugu-language romantic war film written and directed by Krish. It stars Varun Tej, Pragya Jaiswal, and Nikitin Dheer. Produced by First Frame Entertainment, Kanche revolves around the enmity between two friends—Dhupati Haribabu (Tej) and Eeswar Prasad (Dheer). Eeswar's sister Sitadevi (Jaiswal) and Haribabu graduate from the University of Madras in the late 1930s and fall in love. Due to the prevailing casteism in their native village, Eeswar opposes their relationship and kills Sitadevi accidentally. Years later, Haribabu joins the British Indian Army as a captain to fight against the Axis powers in World War II and Eeswar, now a colonel, is his commanding officer.

Krish began research on the film's subject after seeing a bomb, dropped by the Imperial Japanese Army, preserved in a museum in Visakhapatnam during the filming of Vedam (2010). He worked on the film's screenplay for nine-and-a-half months and considered it his most ambitious project. Chirantan Bhatt composed the film's songs and score, marking his debut in Telugu cinema. Gnana Shekar V. S. was the film's director of photography; Sahi Suresh was the film's art director, and Sai Madhav Burra wrote the film's dialogue.

Principal photography commenced on 27 February 2015 in Hyderabad. Kanche was filmed in Tatipaka, Draksharamam, Kapotavaram, and in Peruru Agraharam near Palakollu. Major sets were erected in Ramoji Film City, Hyderabad. The war sequences were filmed in Georgia and the film's unit was allotted 700 guns, four tanks, and a machine gun from the Georgia Military Institute, a military training school. Principal photography was wrapped up on 6 July 2015. Kanche was filmed in 55 working days, 35 of which were in Georgia.

Promoted as Telugu cinema's first World War II-based film, Kanche was released worldwide on 22 October 2015, on 700 screens, and received a positive reception from critics. It grossed ₹20 crore on a budget of ₹18 crore, and became the 14th highest-grossing Telugu film of the year. Kanche earned the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu at the 63rd National Film Awards ceremony, and the state Nandi Award for Best Film on National Integration. The film was screened at the 2016 edition of All Lights India International Film Festival. The film is considered one of the "25 Greatest Telugu Films Of The Decade" by Film Companion.[4] It also won the state Gaddar Award for Second Best Feature Film.[5]

Plot

[edit]

In 1936, Dhupati Haribabu and Rachakonda Sitadevi meet at the Madras Cultural Club in Madras Presidency on the latter's birthday and realise that they are studying at the same college, the University of Madras. Sitadevi is the princess of the Rachakonda estate, whereas Haribabu belongs to a lower caste and is the grandson of a local barber. By the time they graduate, they have fallen in love, and leave for their native town, Devarakonda. Haribabu is introduced to Sitadevi's brother Eeswar and they become friends.

Eeswar, and his grandfather Pedababu, learn of Haribabu and Sitadevi's affair and instigate a fight between people of both castes. Hundreds of people from both sides die and a fence (Kanche) is erected to separate the two groups forever. While Eeswar and Pedababu decide to marry off Sitadevi to a boy of their choice, Haribabu arrives back from town and is stabbed. Sitadevi looks after him secretly in her bedroom, and on the wedding day, a frustrated Haribabu marries Sitadevi, in the presence of her grandmother, and leaves. That evening, Eeswar and Haribabu duel, and in the process Sitadevi is killed accidentally.

During World War II, as a member of the allied nations, the British Raj send over two and a half million Indian volunteer soldiers to fight under British command against the Axis powers. Haribabu joins them as a captain and Eeswar, now a colonel, is his commanding officer. In May 1944, the Nazis attack the Indian army in the Italian Campaign, and capture them. Haribabu, his friend Dasu, and three other soldiers escape. They decide to save the captured troops and follow the Nazis. They take shelter in an Italian baker's house and his granddaughter saves them from the Nazis. She reveals that the Nazis want to kill a little girl whose parents were a German doctor and a Jew.

The Nazis find the doctor and a group of civilians, and Haribabu, along with his cohorts, rescues them. The soldiers find the captured troops in an old building and rescue them from the Nazis. When Eeswar asks Haribabu why he saved him despite the rivalry between them, he replies that Sitadevi's love for Eeswar made him do so. They leave with the civilians and find a German base near a river which they can use to escape.

When Haribabu formulates a plan, Eeswar, who still hates him, points out that the plan is flawed. Haribabu reminds him that World War II commenced because of racism and he does not want to see the same bloodshed repeated here that happened in their village. The soldiers raid all the tents and find a boat in which the civilians and the other soldier board. To divert the German army's attention, Haribabu continues to fight alone until the boat reaches safety. Severely injured, Haribabu dies with a smile, thinking of the memories of his life with Sitadevi.

Eeswar is shocked to see Haribabu die and carries his body back to his village. He also reads the letters Haribabu had written to Sitadevi during the war and realises that humans should not be divided by caste. He reaches the village and asks Haribabu's grandfather to dig the grave. Eeswar calls Haribabu a great human, soldier, lover, son and mainly a good friend whom he never recognised. He acknowledges that without the borders of caste, Haribabu would have been happy with Sitadevi and salutes him. Pedababu orders the fences' removal and the people continue to live in peace.

Cast

[edit]

Production

[edit]

Development

[edit]

During the filming of Vedam (2010) in Visakhapatnam, Krish visited a museum which displayed a bomb dropped by the Imperial Japanese Army on the city during World War II. The bomb was used with the intention of creating a situation similar to the attack on Pearl Harbor. After further research, Krish learned that over 2.5 million Indian soldiers participated in World War II, and 2000 Telugu people from Madhavaram, West Godavari, were sent to the war by the British government in India.[1] Krish worked on the film's screenplay for nine-and-a-half months and cited the process of obtaining accurate details as the reason for the length of time it took to finish. Krish gathered most of the information using the Google search engine and two teams were employed—one in India, the other in Italy.[1] He chose to narrate a love story set in the 1930s and focused on the macro and micro divisions between people, countries, races and religions.[1]

During the production of Gabbar Is Back, Krish's collaboration with Varun Tej was reported in January 2015; Ramoji Rao was to produce the film under the banner Ushakiron Movies jointly with Krish's banner First Frame Entertainment.[6] Pragya Jaiswal, who auditioned for Gabbar Is Back, was signed as the film's female lead.[7] The film was officially launched on 27 February in Hyderabad and was titled Kanche.[8] Kanche translates to fence in English and Krish relates that the film focuses on the effects of a fence on friendship.[9] On the 75th anniversary of World War II, Krish told the Indo-Asian News Service on 1 September that Kanche is his "most ambitious project" and also the first Telugu film set in World War II.[10]

Sai Madhav Burra, who collaborated with Krish on Krishnam Vande Jagadgurum (2013), was signed to write the film's dialogues.[11] V. S. Gnanasekhar was signed as the film's director of photography, and Sahi Suresh was selected as the film's art director.[12] Because of discontinuing his studies at a young age, Suresh was not knowledgeable about World War II, and spent three to four months watching old war films and reading about the war.[13] Chirantan Bhatt, who collaborated earlier with Krish on Gabbar Is Back, was signed to compose the film's soundtrack and score. Kanche marked Bhatt's debut in Telugu cinema.[14] Rama Krishna Arram and Suraj Jagtap edited the film.[15] Kanche was produced on a budget of ₹18 crore.[2]

Casting

[edit]

Varun Tej played the role of Dhupati Haribabu, a captain in the British Indian Army. Varun Tej described the first phase of Haribabu's character as a 23-year old "college pass-out, happy-go-lucky, chilled out guy". He had to modify his diction according to the timeline and observed the dialogue delivery of actors in old Telugu films. For the second phase, Varun Tej was trained by an army officer on a soldier's body language, and the way to hold guns among other things. He watched films like Saving Private Ryan (1988), The Thin Red Line (1998), Inglourious Basterds (2009), and Fury (2014) as well.[16] He underwent training in a boot camp for more than a week, during the gap between the Indian and Georgia schedules. During the filming of the war sequences in Georgia, Varun Tej was provided with an original Thompson submachine gun, which was manufactured in 1939, and used during the actual war.[17]

Jaiswal played the role of Sitadevi, a princess whose character was modelled on Maharani Gayatri Devi of Jaipur.[18] After auditioning for the role, Jaiswal watched Krish's Vedam and Krishnam Vande Jagadgurum to understand his work and was "really touched" by the former.[19] Krish advised her not to watch any old Telugu films but try to analyse old English and Hindi films instead. Jaiswal opined that her character needed to focus "more on expressions than acting". She joined kathak classes after the film's shoot began, and no workshops were conducted for her.[18]

Nikitin Dheer was chosen to play Colonel Eeswar Prasad in the film,[12] because Krish, who wanted an actor to match Varun Tej's persona, was impressed with his performance in Chennai Express (2013).[1] Srinivas Avasarala was cast as Dasu, Haribabu's friend and another volunteer soldier from the British Indian Army, who quotes writer Sri Sri as his friend Srinivasa Rao.[12] Avasarala was trained in the use of guns in Hyderabad and received training from an army officer along with Varun Tej on body language and other important aspects.[20]

Gollapudi Maruthi Rao and Sowcar Janaki were cast as Haribabu's grandfather and Sitadevi's grandmother respectively.[21] Filmmaker Singeetham Srinivasa Rao made a cameo appearance as a pianist in Madras Cultural Club, where Haribabu works as a part-time employee. Krish described Rao's cameo as a "colourful" one and added that his look was inspired by that of Colonel Sanders, the founder of Kentucky Fried Chicken.[22] 700 people were required to form an army and the film's unit selected nearly 100 non-resident Indians apart from the local people. They were given formal training before they went on the film's sets.[20]

Filming

[edit]

It was like a proper military camp that we were living in. There were tents on the location and we pretty much lived there. Georgia has sunsets at 9 pm and we used to begin shooting in the morning at 6 am and wrap up only after the sunset. There were 400-500 people on the sets on an average day.

Varun Tej on film's shoot in Georgia with The Times of India[17]

Principal photography commenced on 27 February 2015 at Hyderabad.[23] The second schedule commenced on 23 March at Tatipaka, a village near Razole in East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh.[24] Apart from Draksharamam and Kapotavaram, the village portions were filmed in Peruru Agraharam, Palakollu as Krish wanted a primitive settlement with poor infrastructure and palaces, resembling one of the pre-independence era. The film's crew then put up flower and fruit markets, and purchased antiques from a flea market.[1] The local people extended their support to the film's crew in return for the laying down of proper roads.[12] In other villages where there was better infrastructure, Suresh and his crew spoke to village heads and covered most of the roads with sand and mud. The houses were whitewashed for the film's shoot and were restored with their previous colours later.[13]

As all the houses in those villages were constructed using reinforced concrete, a team of 70 members were summoned from Hyderabad to recreate the 1940s style. According to Suresh, the "nativity feel came alive" due to the presence of coconut trees.[13] The steam engine and the interiors of the first-class compartments in the train Haribabu and Sitadevi travel in from Madras to Devarakonda were designed in Ramoji Film City, Hyderabad. Suresh's experience working as an art director on Venkatadri Express (2013) helped him.[13] The construction of the palace where Sitadevi lives took four to five days to complete at a cost of ₹40 lakh.[13] The war sequences were filmed in Georgia. The film's crew finalised 20 locations and the filming of the war sequences lasted for 35 days.[20]

Few key sequences were filmed at the Ananuri Bridge (pictured) in Tbilisi, Georgia.[20]

With the assistance of the Government of Georgia, huge sets were erected, including a German military base camp fitted with trenches and bunkers.[1] For the film's shoot, Krish hired a few telegraph machines, typewriters, and coffee cups and saucers manufactured during the timeline of the World War II.[20] Some key action sequences were filmed in a few old, dilapidated buildings located near Georgia and Varun Tej performed his stunts without a body double. A few sequences were filmed at the Ananuri Bridge in Tbilisi, Georgia.[20]

700 guns, four tanks, and a machine gun used in the war were allotted from the Georgia Military Institute military school. The Georgian Armed Forces trained the film's unit to use these weapons properly. The rent for each tank was 5000 dollars per day, and another tank was designed by Suresh and his crew.[20] Thousands of bullets were used every day and 15 people were employed to load the guns. On the last day of the filming of the climax episode, Varun Tej used more than 7000 bullets. For filming few bomb-blast sequences, the film's unit consulted several Hollywood technicians.[20] Principal photography was wrapped up on 6 July,[25] after a shoot of 55 working days.[2]

Music

[edit]
Main article: Kanche (soundtrack)

The official soundtrack of Kanche composed by Chirantan Bhatt consists of six songs, including instrumental theme music. The lyrics for the remaining five songs were penned by Sirivennela Sitaramasastri.[26] Kanche marked Bhatt's debut in South Indian cinema. The soundtrack, marketed by Aditya Music, was released on eve of Gandhi Jayanthi (1 October 2015) at a promotional event on the same day at Hyderabad.[27]

Release

[edit]

Kanche was initially scheduled for a worldwide release on 2 October 2015.[28] The film's release was postponed to 6 November to avoid clashing with the releases of Puli and Singh Is Bliing.[29] Due to a delay in post-production activities, Akhil: The Power of Jua, which was initially scheduled for a worldwide release on 22 October, was postponed and Kanche was confirmed for release on 22 October during the Vijayadasami festival season.[30] Kanche was released at 400 screens across Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, and at 150 screens in rest of India.[31] Though 80 screens were booked initially in the overseas market for the film's release,[32] the screen count was later increased to 150, of which 130 screens were in the United States.[31]

Reception

[edit]

Critical reception

[edit]

Kanche received positive reviews from the critics.[33] Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of The Hindu remarked that Kanche is a film that does not stand out "merely by being different, but also because it’s earnest", and added that Krish "Step[s] across the fence to a new world of storytelling".[34] Praising Krish's choice of genre, Suresh Kavirayani of the Deccan Chronicle gave the film 3.5 stars out of 5, stating, "If you are looking for a change from the regular action-masala-song-dance-drama kind of films, you should watch Kanche". Kavirayani added: "The war scenes look authentic. Credit to cinematographer Gnana Sekar V.S for capturing the war scenes. Kanche is no less than any Hollywood film as far as the war scenes are concerned".[35] Rajeswari Kalyanam of The Hans India also gave the film 3.5 stars out of 5 and stated: "With Kanche, Jagarlamudi Krish has once again proven his ability to choose an offbeat theme, weave an engrossing tale and give it a technically brilliant cinematic rendition".[21]

Pranita Jonnalagedda of The Times of India gave Kanche 3 stars out of 5 and stated: "Kanche is a daring attempt for mainstream [Telugu cinema]. While there's an interesting story which is told really well, you will be left with the lingering feeling that it could have been a lot better".[36] Sify too gave Kanche 3 stars out of 5 and called it a film that is "[s]uitable only for discerning audiences" and praised the storyline, performances, production design, and dialogues.[37] Behindwoods gave the film 3 stars out of 5 as well and called it a "commendable attempt" and added:

You don’t get to see too many Indian films being made on war, especially South Indian industry hasn’t made many. (sic) Even the ones that have been made have not made a huge impact, especially with it comes to battle scenes. But that is where Kanche scores big time. The war sequence looks authoritative and intriguing. It travels throughout and the intensity has been maintained right through".[15]

Box office

[edit]

Kanche grossed approximately ₹5.5 crore and collected a distributor share of ₹3.85 crore globally, thereby performing better than Raju Gari Gadhi and Columbus.[31] According to trade analyst Taran Adarsh, Kanche earned US$53,057 from its paid previews; it amassed US$46,751 on its first day and US$92,998 on its second day, taking its two-day United States box office total to US$192,806 (₹1.25 crore).[38] The first weekend global box office gross and distributor share figures stood at approximately ₹13 crore and ₹7 crore respectively.[39]

In its first weekend at the United States box office, Kanche collected US$380,361 (₹2.47 crore). It earned US$6,826 (₹4.43 lakh) from two screens in Canada and MYR15,921 (₹2.43 lakh) from 2 screens at the Malaysian box office in its opening weekend, thereby managing to recover 100% of the overseas distributors' investments.[40] In ten days, Kanche collected US$489,701 (₹3.21 crore) at the United States box office, US$9,261 (₹6.07 lakh) at the Canada box office, and MYR19,316 (₹2.95 lakh) at the Malaysian box office respectively, taking its ten-day overseas box office total to US$503,461 (₹3.3 crore).[41]

Kanche earned US$522,325 (₹3.47 crore) in 17 days at the United States box office.[42] After losing many screens due to new releases in the United States, Kanche's 31-day total stood at US$527,724 (₹3.5 crore).[43] In its lifetime run, Kanche grossed ₹20 crore globally, with a distributor share of ₹14 crore, and was declared a commercial success and also the 14th highest grossing Telugu film of the year.[3]

Accolades

[edit]

Kanche earned the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu at the 63rd National Film Awards ceremony.[44] Kanche earned the state Nandi Award for Best film on National Integration, and was screened at the 2016 edition of All Lights India International Film Festival in the "Indywood Panorama" section.[45]

Award[a] Date of ceremony[b] Category Recipient(s) Result Ref.
CineMAA Awards 12 June 2016 Best Story Krish Won [46]
Special Appreciation Award Won
Best Debut Actress Pragya Jaiswal Won
Best Background score Chirrantan Bhatt Won
Best Lyricist Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry for ("Raa Mundadugeddam") Won
Filmfare Awards South 18 June 2016 Best Film – Telugu Kanche Nominated [47]
[48]
Best Director – Telugu Krish Nominated
Best Female Debut – Telugu Pragya Jaiswal Won
Best Music Director – Telugu Chirrantan Bhatt Nominated
Best Lyricist – Telugu Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry for ("Raa Mundadugeddam") Won
Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu Keerthi Sagathia for ("Neeku Theliyanida") Nominated
Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu Shreya Ghoshal for ("Nijamenani") Nominated
IIFA Utsavam 28 – 29 March 2017 Best Director – Telugu Krish Nominated [49]
[50]
Best Story – Telugu Won
Best Actress – Telugu Pragya Jaiswal Nominated
Best Performance In A Comic Role – Telugu Srinivas Avasarala Nominated
Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu Shreya Ghoshal for ("Itu Itu Ani") Nominated
Mirchi Music Awards South 27 July 2016 Album of the Year Kanche – Chirrantan Bhatt Nominated [51]
[52]
Music Composer of the Year Chirrantan Bhatt for ("Itu Itu Ani") Nominated
Lyricist of the Year Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry for ("Raa Mundadugeddam") Won
Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry for ("Itu Itu Ani") Nominated
Female Vocalist of the Year Shreya Ghoshal for ("Nijamenani Nammani") Nominated
Song of the Year "Itu Itu Ani" Nominated
Nandi Awards 14 November 2017 Sarojini Devi Award for a Film on National Integration Y. Rajeev Reddy, J. Sai Babu and Krish Won [53]
National Film Awards 3 May 2016 Best Feature Film in Telugu Y. Rajeev Reddy, J. Sai Babu and Krish Won [54]
Santosham Film Awards 14 August 2016 Best Lyricist Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry Won [55]
South Indian International Movie Awards 30 June – 1 July 2016 SIIMA Award for Best Film – Telugu Kanche – Y. Rajeev Reddy & J. Sai Babu Nominated [56]
[57]
SIIMA Award for Best Director – Telugu Krish Nominated
SIIMA Award for Best Actor – Telugu Varun Tej Nominated
SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut – Telugu Pragya Jaiswal Won
SIIMA Award for Best Lyricist – Telugu Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry for ("Itu Itu Ani") Won
Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu Shreya Ghoshal for ("Nijamenani Nammani") Nominated

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]
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Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Kanche

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is a 2015 Indian Telugu-language written and directed by Jagarlamudi, starring as Haribabu, a lower-caste villager, and as Sita Devi, an upper-caste woman, with supporting roles by and . The narrative spans 1930s British to World War II-era , centering on a forbidden inter-caste romance challenged by social hierarchies and extended into military conflict where Haribabu serves as an Indian soldier alongside British forces against . Produced by Y. Rajeev Reddy and J. Sai Babu under First Wave Productions, the film highlights the underrepresented contributions of Indian troops in the Allied war effort, incorporating period-accurate depictions of battles informed by historical research. The film's thematic core critiques caste-based discrimination through Haribabu's journey from rural to war zones in and the , emphasizing personal resilience and anti-feudal messages without overt didacticism. Featuring music composed by , Kanche received acclaim for its technical achievements in and despite a modest budget, earning Varun Tej critical praise for his portrayal of a determined . It underperformed commercially upon release on October 23, 2015, but gained cult status for reviving interest in historical and prompting discussions on India's WWII involvement, with retrospective celebrations marking its 10th anniversary in 2025.

Synopsis

Plot summary

Dhupati Haribabu, a bright young man from a lower-caste family in rural , graduates from Madras University in the 1930s and relocates to for further opportunities. There, he encounters and falls in love with Seetha Devi, a from a wealthy upper-caste family led by her brother Eeshwar Prasad, who staunchly opposes the inter-caste relationship due to entrenched social hierarchies. Facing rejection and humiliation rooted in caste prejudice, Haribabu enlists in the in 1943 to demonstrate his valor and independence, eventually deploying to the Italian Campaign during alongside approximately 2.5 million Indian troops who served in the Allied forces. In the war-torn landscapes of , Haribabu experiences brutal combat against Nazi forces, including battles, and forms unlikely alliances, such as protecting a Jewish infant named Hope from persecution amid the Holocaust's reach. These ordeals expose him to themes of human resilience, racial and religious divides, and the futility of hatred, paralleling the caste barriers he left behind. Returning home after the war's end in , Haribabu confronts the persistent societal fences—symbolized by the title "Kanche," meaning barrier—that continue to obstruct his union with Seetha, forcing a reckoning with familial loyalties, tradition, and personal sacrifice. The narrative interweaves personal romance with historical events, highlighting how wartime experiences challenge and sometimes reinforce pre-existing divisions.

Development

Conception and scripting

Director Jagarlamudi, known as Krish, conceived the story of Kanche after encountering historical artifacts related to Indian involvement in . During the production of his 2010 film Vedam, Krish visited a naval base in and observed a bomb dropped by the preserved in a local museum, which highlighted the forgotten contributions of approximately 2.5 million Indian soldiers who fought in the war under British command. This discovery prompted him to develop a narrative intertwining a caste-based rivalry and romance with the broader canvas of wartime Europe, emphasizing themes of human bonds transcending social divisions. The initial spark was further influenced by Krish's awareness of villages like Military Madhavaram in , populated by descendants of WWII veterans, underscoring overlooked pre-Independence histories. He rejected comparisons to films like Dear John, asserting the script's originality stemmed from authentic historical inspirations rather than external adaptations. Krish scripted the film himself, focusing on a from a lower who enlists to prove his worth amid personal and societal conflicts. Dialogues were crafted by to enhance the period authenticity and emotional depth, while Krish described Kanche as his most ambitious project, prioritizing narrative integrity over commercial compromises. The screenplay structure alternates between rural Indian settings in the 1930s–1940s and battlefields, aiming to reveal "untold chapters" of Indian soldiers' experiences without diluting historical realism.

Research and historical preparation

Director Radha Krishna Jagarlamudi began historical research for Kanche after museum visits that underscored India's overlooked role in World War II. While working on his 2010 film Vedam, he toured the Navy Museum in Visakhapatnam with actor Allu Arjun and viewed an unexploded bomb from a Japanese aerial attack on April 6, 1942, targeting a British ammunition ship off the coast carrying 2,000 tonnes of explosives. A later visit to a museum in Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, during the Tamil remake of Vedam, further exposed him to accounts of Indian soldiers' sacrifices, igniting his interest in their wartime experiences. Jagarlamudi's investigations uncovered key statistics: roughly 2.5 million troops from the participated in the conflict across multiple fronts, suffering approximately 24,000 deaths. He emphasized regional contributions, noting that villages like Military Madhavaram near dispatched around 2,000 Telugu soldiers. Initial inquiries relied on online resources such as to compile data on these events, including battles in the Italian campaign where Indian divisions confronted Nazi forces in 1944. This groundwork informed the film's focus on a soldier's journey, blending factual scale with personal narrative to highlight unchronicled individual stories amid the war's 25 Indian participants. Preparation for authenticity involved dedicated teams: one handling Indian-era depictions and another for overseas sequences, addressing challenges in recreating period-specific details within a fictional framework. War scenes incorporated genuine era-appropriate weapons to enhance realism, reflecting meticulous attention to hardware and tactics from the 1940s European theater. These efforts aimed to educate audiences on Indian troops' contributions, a topic Jagarlamudi noted was largely unknown in prior to the film's 2015 release.

Cast and characters

Lead roles

Varun Tej stars as Dhupati Haribabu, a spirited lower-caste youth from a rural village who pursues education in college and develops a romance with an upper-caste woman, later enlisting in the to fight in against Italian forces in . His character embodies resilience and challenges societal prejudices, transitioning from civilian life to a soldier confronting both battlefield perils and caste-based antagonism. Pragya Jaiswal plays Rachakonda Sitadevi (Seeta Devi), the female lead from an affluent upper- family, whose relationship with Haribabu defies traditional norms and leads to familial opposition. Her role highlights the interpersonal conflicts arising from inter-caste love, with Sitadevi supporting Haribabu's aspirations amid escalating tensions. Nikitin Dheer portrays Eeswar Prasad, the primary and a domineering upper-caste who embodies entrenched social hierarchies and seeks to assert dominance over Haribabu and Sitadevi. Prasad's character drives much of the conflict through possessive aggression and exploitation of caste privileges, extending his influence into military contexts.

Supporting cast

Nikitin Dheer portrayed Eswar Prasad, the aristocratic brother of the female protagonist who enforces caste-based opposition to the central romance. played Dasu, the loyal friend and comrade of lead character Dhupati Haribabu, providing and support during wartime sequences. Veteran comedian Gollapudi Maruthi Rao appeared as Kondayya, Haribabu's father, whose traditional views influence early family conflicts. Additional supporting performances included Anoop Puri in a key elder role, as a village elder amplifying social tensions, and in ensemble parts depicting wartime soldiers. These actors contributed to the film's exploration of interpersonal and societal divides, with Dheer's physical presence underscoring the antagonist's imposing authority as noted in contemporary reviews.

Production

Filming process

Principal photography for Kanche commenced on 27 February 2015 in Hyderabad, marking the start of production under director Jagarlamudi. The initial schedules focused on scenes set in rural , including the second schedule that began on 24 March 2015 in villages of such as locales around Tatipaka and , capturing the pre-World War II village dynamics central to the narrative. In mid-May 2015, the crew relocated to Georgia for extensive outdoor shoots, departing on 13 May to film pivotal war sequences, action scenes, and songs against Eastern European landscapes that evoked the European theater of . These portions emphasized authenticity, with battle sequences utilizing real World War II-era weapons and machinery sourced locally, alongside natural terrains to depict combat realism without heavy reliance on sets. A significant portion of the film's action-heavy segments was completed here, contributing to the production's ambition as Telugu cinema's first major World War II depiction. The Georgia schedule concluded the principal photography on 14 June 2015, after which the team shifted to . This international leg, while logistically demanding due to period-specific recreations and coordination of historical props, allowed for immersive filming in unaltered wartime-adjacent sites, enhancing visual fidelity over studio simulations.

Technical execution and challenges

The war sequences in Kanche, which form a significant portion of the film's runtime and exceed those in Baahubali in number, were filmed primarily in Georgia with logistical support from local government authorities. The production team constructed elaborate sets including a German base camp, several kilometers of trenches, and bunkers to replicate battlefields, utilizing original period weapons, modified vehicles, and custom-designed elements such as tanks, uniforms, boots, belts, and badges for historical accuracy. Access was granted to military-grade equipment from the Georgia Military Institute, including 700 guns, four tanks, and a , enabling practical filming of scenes that emphasized realism over extensive . Cinematography, handled by V. S. Gnana Shekar, contributed to the sequences' visual impact, capturing dynamic battle footage with a scope likened to Hollywood productions and praised for authenticity in portraying the chaos of warfare. Art direction by S. Suresh supported this through detailed period reconstruction, such as 1940s-era villages in Andhra Pradesh locations like Peruru Agraharam, Draksharama, and Kapotavaram, where sets avoided anachronistic features like electrical wires or paved roads to maintain immersion. A notable 12-minute continuous war segment exemplified the technical precision achieved in execution. Challenges arose from the physically and mentally taxing demands of authentic detailing across international locations, compounded by substantial financial investments required for sets, props, and equipment procurement. Director Jagarlamudi described the process as unprecedented in Indian cinema for its scale, noting the need to balance narrative ambition with practical constraints in a period context rarely explored in Telugu films. Some execution aspects, including of repetitive motifs, drew critique for occasional lapses in pacing despite the overall technical ambition.

Music and soundtrack

Composition and songs

The soundtrack for Kanche was composed by , who was signed by director Radha Krishna Jagarlamudi for his debut after the latter was impressed by Bhatt's prior work in films. All were written by , with the album released on September 17, 2015, prior to the film's theatrical premiere. Bhatt's composition approach emphasized collaboration, involving detailed discussions with Jagarlamudi and Sastry to align tracks with the narrative's romantic and wartime elements, enabling musical experimentation through layered and regional influences derived from his audio engineering studies in . The resulting six tracks blend melodic folk-inspired melodies with symphonic arrangements, featuring strings and percussion to evoke emotional depth and historical resonance.
No.TitleSinger(s)
1Itu Itu Ani Chitikelu Evvarivo,
2Bhaga Bhagamani
3Ooru Erayyindhi Eru Horettindhi
4Rama Chandra
5Andaga Ananda GaChinmayi
6Kanche ThemeInstrumental

Background score

The background score of Kanche (2015) was composed by , marking his debut in where he also crafted the film's songs. Bhatt's score emphasizes orchestral strings and thematic motifs that evoke the film's setting, blending tension for battle sequences with emotional depth for interpersonal conflicts rooted in dynamics. Reviewers highlighted the score's realism and intensity, particularly in amplifying the heroism and elements without overpowering the . The piercing quality of the was praised for its suitability to the , contributing to the 's atmospheric immersion during action and dramatic peaks. One analysis noted the main theme's enduring resonance, underscoring its effective integration with the story's progression even years after release. Bhatt's work received a for Best Music Director at the Filmfare Awards South, reflecting industry recognition of its overall impact including the background elements.

Themes and social commentary

Depiction of caste dynamics

The film employs the titular "Kanche" (fence) as a central for the system's role in erecting impenetrable social barriers within rural society during the 1930s and 1940s. Villages are depicted with literal physical s segregating residential areas by , enforcing separation in daily life, marriages, and social interactions, which underscores the institutionalized nature of and . This portrayal highlights how such divisions, rooted in historical agrarian structures, perpetuate enmity and limit mobility, with upper- landowners exerting dominance over lower- laborers through economic and ritual control. Central to the narrative is the rivalry between protagonist Dhupati Haribabu, from a landowning , and Eeswar Prasad, whose familial ties introduce caste-based antagonism that escalates from village disputes to wartime conflicts. Haribabu's romance with Eeswar's sister, Sitadevi, a from a status-conscious upper-caste background, ignites opposition from families and community elders, illustrating how overrides individual merit or affection, often manifesting in or . The film shows these dynamics through interpersonal conflicts, such as inheritance disputes and exclusions, where lower-status individuals face humiliation, reinforcing a hierarchy that equates purity with moral superiority. Director Krish draws explicit parallels between Indian caste prejudices and Nazi racial policies during , as Haribabu enlists in the and witnesses the in . This juxtaposition critiques the hypocrisy of village elites who decry foreign fascism while upholding domestic -based segregation akin to ghettoization, prompting character realizations about the universal folly of identity-based exclusion. Such depictions emphasize causal links between entrenched norms—sustained by endogamous practices and enforcement—and broader societal stagnation, including resistance to modernization or intergroup . The film's treatment avoids romanticizing reform, instead presenting caste dynamics as resilient forces that survive even wartime upheavals, with returning soldiers confronting unchanged village fences. Dialogues, set against the backdrop, directly challenge the system by questioning its blood-tied justifications, portraying it as a man-made construct fueling needless strife rather than inherent tradition. This nuanced critique, informed by historical caste riots and feudal legacies, positions the narrative as a call to dismantle such barriers through personal agency and exposure to external , though it acknowledges persistent cultural inertia.

War and heroism portrayal

depicts World War II through the lens of British Indian Army soldiers, focusing on battles in North Africa and Europe against Italian and German forces, with the protagonist Hari Babu participating in the capture of strategic sites like the Ananuri fortress. The war sequences emphasize realism, filmed on location in Georgia using authentic period weaponry, including 700 guns, four tanks, and a machine gun provided by the Georgia Military Institute, to recreate intense combat environments. Heroism is portrayed as grounded in individual courage and moral action rather than nationalistic fervor, with Hari Babu exemplifying bravery by leading charges, engaging in , and risking his life to save a newborn amid shelling, underscoring human compassion in wartime brutality. Director Radha Krishna Jagarlamudi crafted these scenes to highlight the overlooked contributions of over 2.5 million Indian troops in WWII, presenting heroism as transcending social hierarchies, as Hari, a lower-caste villager, gains camaraderie and respect from peers through battlefield valor. The film's approach integrates war's visceral horrors—such as graphic injuries and chaotic retreats—with personal stakes, avoiding sanitized ; reviewers noted the sequences' stunning visual scale and authenticity, likening them to Hollywood standards, though some production choices prioritized emotional narrative over strict historical fidelity. This portrayal frames heroism not as abstract triumph but as resilient defiance against both enemy forces and societal prejudices, reinforced by Hari's post-war return where wartime equality contrasts village conflicts.

Release and marketing

Distribution strategy

First Frame Entertainment, the primary production company, managed theatrical distribution across India for Kanche. The film secured a worldwide release on October 22, 2015, in , followed by screenings in international markets such as the , , , and on October 23, 2015. Overseas rights were pre-sold to Absolute Telugu Cinemas, a newly established distribution entity backed by exhibitors, for ₹1.3 crore (approximately US$170,000), reflecting optimism in the film's appeal to audiences despite the distributor's inexperience. In specific territories, was handled by Blue Eyes Entertainments Inc., while the fell under AKS Media & Entertainment. This segmented approach prioritized theatrical runs in key overseas hubs with established Telugu viewer bases, bypassing broader international partnerships in favor of region-specific deals to maximize returns from ethnic markets.

Promotional efforts

The promotional efforts for Kanche focused on building pre-release buzz around its unprecedented depiction of in , including extensive battle sequences filmed on location in Georgia to underscore authenticity and scale. Makers highlighted these elements through teasers and announcements, positioning the film as a groundbreaking war drama blending historical events with social themes. A key event was the audio launch on September 17, 2015, originally planned for but relocated to Hyderabad for logistical reasons, where actor released the soundtrack amid speeches from director Krish, lead , and composer Chirantan Bhatt. The ceremony, streamed and covered extensively, emphasized the album's fusion of orchestral war motifs and romantic tracks to generate audience interest. The official trailer, unveiled in early September 2015, drew endorsements from prominent figures, including filmmaker , who praised its visual intensity and narrative promise, amplifying visibility via and industry networks. Additionally, the production team met actor prior to release on October 22, 2015, securing his public acclaim for the film's experimental approach, which further leveraged familial ties in for organic promotion. Overseas distribution rights were secured early by exhibitor-backed entities, signaling confidence in international appeal among audiences, while domestic strategies relied on content-driven word-of-mouth supplemented by aggressive advertising to drive occupancy on its 700-screen worldwide rollout. These efforts, though modest compared to mass entertainers, aligned with the film's artistic ambitions and contributed to initial commercial traction.

Reception

Critical analysis

Critics praised Kanche for its ambitious integration of World War II-era heroism with a critique of caste hierarchies in rural Andhra Pradesh, viewing the film's parallel narratives as a novel allegory for enduring social divisions. Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of The Hindu highlighted the titular "kanche" (fence) as a metaphor for societal barriers based on caste, religion, and wealth, commending director Radha Krishna Jagarlamudi's intent to challenge such demarcations through the protagonist's journey from village prejudice to battlefield camaraderie. Similarly, Pranita Jonnalagedda in The Times of India noted that the screenplay's elevation of a straightforward story into a poignant exploration of love and valor demonstrates strong writing capable of transcending conventional Telugu cinema tropes. The film's visual and technical execution received acclaim for its period authenticity and , with Gnana Sekhar VS's work described as delivering "top-notch" frames that enhance the epic scope. Reviewers like those at Idlebrain appreciated the first half's emotional buildup and thematic boldness, rating it a "brave attempt" for prioritizing substance over commercial elements like forced songs or action masala. However, execution flaws tempered enthusiasm; the second half was frequently criticized for rushed pacing and diminished emotional depth, leading to a hurried resolution that undermined the buildup. War sequences drew mixed assessments, with some lauding the human-centric portrayal of soldiers' bonds amid global conflict, but others faulted the depiction for relying on work, shortcuts, and unconvincing action choreography that failed to match the thematic weight. by Chirantan Bhatt was seen as uneven, with background scores effective in evoking tension but duet songs burdened by overly classical arrangements that disrupted flow. Overall, while Kanche earned recognition for its anti-caste message and directorial vision—culminating in a National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu—critics argued its impact was limited by narrative inconsistencies and a deliberate avoidance of mass-appeal concessions, positioning it as an intellectually daring but uneven work in .

Commercial performance

Kanche was produced on a budget of approximately ₹20 . The film recorded a first-day share of ₹1.94 in the Telugu-speaking states of and Telangana. Including collections from Karnataka, other Indian regions, and overseas, the worldwide opening day share reached ₹2.51 . Over its opening weekend, Kanche collected an estimated share of ₹2.25–2.5 in , with steady performance in major urban centers. , it grossed $435,000 across its theatrical run. Overseas territories contributed a total share of about ₹1.31 , including ₹1.18 from the US market alone. Given its moderate production costs and pre-release distribution deals, the film achieved hit status, yielding profits for distributors despite competition during the Dussehra season. Trade analysts noted its resilience in sustaining collections through weekdays, marking it as a commercial success in domestic and key overseas markets.

Audience and cultural response

The film resonated with Telugu audiences for its unconventional blend of romance, sequences, and social messaging, earning praise for Varun Tej's portrayal of Hari Babu, which demonstrated confidence and emotional depth in opposing barriers, as noted in contemporaneous reviews. Initial audience feedback highlighted the lead pair's chemistry and the heart-touching storyline, with many viewers appreciating its departure from formulaic commercial tropes toward a narrative emphasizing universal brotherhood amid wartime adversity. By late October 2015, word-of-mouth drove decent box-office turnout among mass audiences, positioning it as a milestone for content-driven cinema in a year when Telugu viewers increasingly favored substantive themes over spectacle. Culturally, Kanche prompted reflections on persistent divisions in rural , using the "kanche" () to symbolize societal demarcations by caste, class, and creed, which extended from village rivalries to the Indian soldiers' experiences in the European theater of . The depiction of overlooked Indian contributions to the Allied forces, particularly the Italian campaign, educated viewers on a lesser-discussed historical facet, fostering discussions on heroism transcending social hierarchies and promoting harmony over division. Its National Film Award win for Best in Telugu underscored institutional acknowledgment of these themes, influencing subsequent regional cinema to explore period-specific social critiques. In retrospective accounts, actor credited the Telugu audience's embrace for personal and professional growth, attributing the film's enduring appeal to its transformative lessons on empathy and resilience.

Awards and recognition

Major accolades

Kanche won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu at the , recognizing its portrayal of historical events and social themes. The award was announced on March 28, 2016, for films released in 2015. At the for 2015 films, announced by the government in November 2017, Kanche received the award for Best Film on National Integration, presented to producers Y. Rajeev and J. Sai Babu. Director Jagarlamudi also won the for Best Story Writer for the film's narrative. Pragya earned the Award for Best Female Debut – South at the 63rd Awards South in 2016 for her lead role as . These accolades highlight the film's technical and thematic achievements despite its mixed commercial reception.

Nominations and honors

Kanche garnered nominations across several prominent South Indian film award ceremonies in 2016. At the South Indian International Movie Awards (SIIMA) Telugu category, it received nods for Best Film, Best Director (Radha Krishna Jagarlamudi), and Best Actor – Leading Role (Varun Tej). The film was also nominated for Best Film – Telugu at the Filmfare Awards South. Additionally, composer Chirantan Bhatt earned a nomination for Best Music Director – Telugu at the same event. Among state-level honors, Kanche won the Nandi Award for Best Film on National Integration, awarded to producers Y. Rajeev and J. Sai Babu, recognizing its thematic focus on unity and historical conflict. Director Radha Jagarlamudi separately received the Nandi for Best Story Writer. The film was screened at the 2016 All Lights International , highlighting its international recognition for portraying themes in Indian cinema.

Legacy

Long-term impact

Kanche's depiction of Indian soldiers' involvement in , drawing from historical accounts of over 2.5 million Indian troops serving in the Allied forces between 1939 and 1945, introduced Telugu audiences to an underrepresented chapter of national history previously underexplored in regional cinema. This pioneering approach as Telugu cinema's inaugural narrative fostered greater awareness of colonial-era contributions, with the film's battle sequences and period authenticity prompting retrospective discussions on India's wartime sacrifices amid global commemorations of the conflict's centennial milestones. Its National Film Award for Best in Telugu, conferred in 2016, cemented its archival significance, ensuring sustained academic and cinematic reference in studies of Indian participation in 20th-century global conflicts. The film's exploration of caste-based rivalries juxtaposed against wartime camaraderie has maintained relevance in ongoing debates on social hierarchies within Indian society, challenging entrenched divisions through a narrative that equates village feuds with international warfare. By employing the title's metaphor of a "kanche" (fence) to symbolize barriers of caste, class, and prejudice, it contributed to a subtle shift toward more nuanced portrayals of interpersonal bonds transcending traditional constraints, influencing subsequent Telugu films to integrate historical backdrops with contemporary social critiques. A decade post-release, actors including lead Varun Tej Konidela have cited its production as a transformative experience that reshaped personal and professional trajectories, underscoring its enduring motivational role in the industry. In the broader Telugu film landscape, Kanche exemplified viable commercial pathways for ambitious period dramas following the success of Baahubali, encouraging directors to pursue high-stakes historical projects with budgets exceeding ₹20 , as evidenced by director Krish Jagarlamudi's investment and the film's subsequent validations. Its technical achievements, including Chirantan Bhatt's score evoking wartime tension, have sustained reappraisals, with full-length streams garnering renewed viewership on platforms as of 2023, affirming its position as a benchmark for war-themed storytelling in regional Indian cinema.

Retrospective views

In the decade following its release, Kanche has been reevaluated for pioneering the depiction of Indian soldiers' contributions to within , a theme previously unexplored in the industry. Critics and audiences have noted its role in highlighting the overlooked sacrifices of over 2.5 million Indian troops recruited by the British, including battles in where the film's narrative unfolds, drawing from historical events like the Italian Campaign of 1943–1945. This historical focus, grounded in archival accounts of caste-based tensions persisting even in military ranks, has earned retrospective praise for educating viewers on a neglected facet of India's pre-independence history, despite contemporaneous critiques of budgetary constraints in war sequences. Lead actor Varun Tej Konidela reflected on the film's 10-year anniversary in October 2025, describing it as a project that "tested us, taught us, and changed us" through its demands on emotional authenticity and technical execution, crediting director Krish for redefining storytelling via intertwined themes of love, sacrifice, and anti-caste messaging. Similarly, anniversary retrospectives emphasize its National Film Award win for Best Feature Film in Telugu in 2016 as validation of its artistic merit, with the narrative's critique of social fences—symbolized by the title—resonating amid ongoing discussions of caste reform in Indian society. While initial commercial underperformance led to debates on its pacing and visual scale, later analyses, including a thematic dissection, commend its bold fusion of romance and war drama as a bridge across societal divides, influencing subsequent Telugu films to tackle historical epics with . User-driven platforms have sustained its visibility, with some hailing it as Telugu cinema's premier for humanizing soldiers' valor over spectacle, though flaws in foreign actor portrayals and hurried resolutions persist as noted drawbacks.

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