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Lawrence Edwin Craig (born July 20, 1945) is an American retired politician from the state of Idaho. A member of the Republican Party, Craig represented Idaho in the United States Senate from 1991 to 2009 and represented Idaho's 1st District in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1981 to 1991.[1]

Key Information

Born in Council, Idaho, Craig was raised on a ranch in Washington County. He attended the University of Idaho, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science from the university in 1969, and later briefly attended George Washington University before returning to Washington County in 1971 to work in his family's ranching business. Following a brief stint in the Idaho Army National Guard, Craig ran for and won a seat in the Idaho Senate in 1974, and was re-elected in 1976 and 1978, before his successful first run for Congress to represent Idaho's 1st congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives in 1980. He won reelection four times before running for the U.S. Senate in 1990, defeating Ron J. Twilegar in the general election and winning reelection in 1996 and 2002.

On June 11, 2007, Craig was arrested for indecent behavior in a men's restroom at Minneapolis–St. Paul International Airport; he pleaded guilty to a charge of disorderly conduct in August 2007 and paid $575 in court fines and fees. The arrest remained unknown to the public until the Washington, D.C.–based newspaper Roll Call disclosed it in an article, drawing widespread public attention as well as charges of hypocrisy against Craig, as he had been an opponent of LGBT rights in the United States.[2] Despite stating that he was not and never had been homosexual, On September 1, 2007, Craig announced that he would resign from the Senate, effective September 30, 2007. He later reversed this decision and chose to finish the remainder of his term, although he did not seek re-election in 2008.[3]

Early life, education, military service, and family

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Craig was born in Council, Idaho, the son of Dorothy Lenore (née McCord) and Elvin Oren Craig.[4] He grew up on a ranch outside Midvale in Washington County. In 1969 he received his Bachelor of Arts degree in political science from the University of Idaho. At the University of Idaho, he was student body president and a member of the Delta Chi fraternity.[5] He pursued graduate studies at George Washington University before returning to his family's Midvale ranching business in 1971. Craig was a member of the Idaho Army National Guard from 1970 to 1972, attaining the rank of Private First Class (E3),[6] after which he received an honorable discharge.[7]

Craig married Suzanne Scott in July 1983 and adopted the three children she had from a previous marriage.[8][7] Through his adopted children, Craig has nine grandchildren.[9]

Political career

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Craig was elected to the Idaho Senate in 1974 and reelected in 1976 and 1978.[9]

In 1980, Craig was elected to an open seat in the U.S. House of Representatives, representing Idaho's 1st Congressional District. He succeeded Republican Steve Symms, who was leaving the House to run for election to the Senate against incumbent Democrat Frank Church. Craig was re-elected four times, serving until 1991. While in the House, he supported President Ronald Reagan's push to expand vocational education. Craig was not a major force as a legislator during his time in the House.[10]

Allegations of cocaine use and sex with male teenage congressional pages by unnamed congressmen were pursued by investigators and journalists in 1982.[11] Craig issued a statement denying involvement.[12] He stated, "Persons who are unmarried as I am, by choice or by circumstance, have always been the subject of innuendos, gossip and false accusations. I think this is despicable."[7]

Craig served on the House Ethics Committee. In 1989, he was reported to have led an extended effort that pushed for more severe punishment of Representative Barney Frank for his involvement in a gay prostitution scandal.[13][14]

U.S. Senate

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Senator Larry Craig with Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Richard B. Myers and Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz at The Pentagon on December 13, 2002
Craig with Rick Santorum, Frank Murkowski, and Kay Bailey Hutchison in 2001

Craig announced his candidacy for the 1990 Senate election for the seat vacated by the retiring James A. McClure. Craig defeated Idaho Attorney General Jim Jones in the Republican primary. In the general election he defeated Democratic former Idaho Legislature member Ron J. Twilegar with 61 percent of the vote.[citation needed]

In 1995, Craig formed a barbershop quartet called The Singing Senators with Senators Trent Lott, John Ashcroft, and Jim Jeffords.[15]

Craig was reelected in 1996, with 57 percent of the vote, defeating Democrat Walt Minnick. He was reelected again in the 2002 election with 65 percent of the vote, when he spent $3.2 million to defeat Alan Blinken.[citation needed]

In 1999, Craig became sharply critical of U.S. President Bill Clinton for the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Speaking on NBC's Meet The Press, Craig told Tim Russert: "The American people already know that Bill Clinton is a bad boy – a naughty boy. I'm going to speak out for the citizens of my state, who in the majority think that Bill Clinton is probably even a nasty, bad, naughty boy."[16]

Craig served as Senate Republican Policy Committee chairman from 1997 until 2003.[1] He then became chairman of the Special Committee on Aging. After the Democrats gained control of the Senate in the 2006 Congressional election, Craig became the ranking member of the Committee on Veterans' Affairs and a member of the Appropriations Committee and the Energy and Natural Resources Committee. He served as the ranking member of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Subcommittee. Amid the controversy surrounding his arrest, in August 2007 Craig stepped aside as ranking member on the Veterans' Affairs Committee and two subcommittees.[17]

Craig is a longtime advocate for a balanced budget amendment to the United States Constitution.[18]

In May 2003, Craig put a hold on more than 200 Air Force promotions in an attempt to pressure the Air Force to station four new C-130 cargo planes in Idaho, saying he received a commitment from the Air Force almost seven years earlier that the planes would be delivered. Defense Department officials said the reason the C-130s had not been sent to Idaho was that no new aircraft were being manufactured for the type of transport mission done by the Idaho Air National Guard unit where Craig wanted the planes delivered.[19]

Craig supported the guest worker program proposed by President George W. Bush. In April 2005, Craig tried to amend an Iraq War supplemental bill with an amendment that would have granted legal status to between 500,000 and one million illegal immigrants in farm work. The amendment failed with 53 votes (60 votes were needed because the amendment was not relevant to the underlying bill).[20] A version of the AgJOBS legislation was included in the Senate-passed immigration reform bill in 2006. Craig, the principal sponsor of AgJOBS, continues to support amnesty for illegal immigrants who are "trusted workers with a significant work history in American agriculture."[21] This position has been sharply criticized by anti-illegal immigration activists.[22] On June 26, 2007, Craig reiterated his support for the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007.[citation needed]

In October 2005, Craig suggested that flooded sections of New Orleans should be abandoned after Hurricane Katrina had hit and was quoted on a Baton Rouge television station as saying that "Fraud is in the culture of Iraqis. I believe that is true in the state of Louisiana as well."[23]

On December 16, 2005, Craig voted against a cloture motion filed relative to the USA PATRIOT Act; the motion ultimately earned only 52 votes, and so a Democratic filibuster against extension of the act (due to expire at the end of 2005) was allowed to continue.[24] On December 21, 2005, Craig backed a six-month extension of the Act while further negotiations took place.[25] On February 9, 2006, Craig announced an agreement among himself, the White House, and fellow Senators John E. Sununu, Arlen Specter, Lisa Murkowski, Chuck Hagel and Richard Durbin to reauthorize the Act.[26]

Craig supported the Federal Marriage Amendment, which barred extension of rights to same-sex couples; he voted for cloture on the amendment in both 2004 and 2006, and was a cosponsor in 2008.[27] However, in late 2006 he appeared to endorse the right of individual states to create same-sex civil unions, but said he would vote "yes" on an Idaho constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriages when pressured to clarify his position by the anti-gay rights advocacy group Families for a Better Idaho.[28] Craig voted against cloture on a 2002 bill which would have extended the federal definition of hate crimes to cover sexual orientation.[29] This legislation was passed in 2007 in both the House and the Senate as the Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2007. Craig voted against the measure.[30]

Prior to the nomination of Idaho Governor Dirk Kempthorne, Craig was mentioned as a possible candidate to succeed Gale Norton as United States Secretary of the Interior in March 2006.[31]

Committee assignments

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  • Committee on Appropriations
    • Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies
    • Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
    • Subcommittee on Homeland Security
    • Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies
    • Subcommittee on Military Construction and Veterans' Affairs, and Related Agencies
  • Committee on Environment and Public Works
    • Subcommittee on Public Sector Solutions to Global Warming, Oversight, and Children's Health Protection
    • Subcommittee on Superfund and Environmental Health
  • Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
    • Subcommittee on Energy
    • Subcommittee on Public Lands and Forests
    • Subcommittee on Water and Power
  • Committee on Veterans' Affairs
  • Special Committee on Aging

2007 arrest and consequences

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Main article: Larry Craig scandal

On June 11, 2007, Craig was arrested at the Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport for lewd conduct in a men's restroom.[32] He was accused of soliciting a male undercover police officer for sexual activity.[33] During the resulting interview with the arresting officer, Craig insisted upon his innocence, disputing the officer's version of the event by stating that he merely had a "wide stance" and that he had been picking up a piece of paper from the floor.[33]

Craig was charged with interference with privacy, a gross misdemeanor offense, and a disorderly conduct misdemeanor.[34] Despite his statements of innocence during the police interview, Craig pleaded guilty to the misdemeanor charge of disorderly conduct by signing and mailing a plea petition, dated August 1, 2007, to the Hennepin County District Court.[34][35][36] Including fines and fees, he paid $575. Craig signed the petition to enter his guilty plea, which contained the provisions, "I understand that the court will not accept a plea of guilty from anyone who claims to be innocent... I now make no claim that I am innocent of the charge to which I am entering a plea of guilty." Craig mailed his signed petition to the court, and his petition to plead guilty to the misdemeanor charge was accepted and filed by the court on August 8, 2007.[34][35]

On August 27, 2007, Roll Call published a story about Craig's arrest at the Minneapolis–St. Paul Airport and his subsequent guilty plea in that case.[37] The following day, the Idaho Statesman published a story about prior allegations of inappropriate sexual behavior by Craig.[7]

In an August 28, 2007 press conference, Craig regretted filing the guilty plea, stating "In hindsight, I should not have pled guilty. I was trying to handle this matter myself quickly and expeditiously."[38][39]

The bathroom at the Minneapolis–St. Paul airport in which the 2007 incident occurred

The Craig scandal became a major national news story.[40]

At a news conference on September 1, 2007, Craig announced his intent to resign, "with sadness and deep regret", effective September 30, 2007. On September 4, 2007, a spokesperson for Craig indicated that he was reconsidering his decision to resign,[41] if his conviction was rapidly overturned and his committee assignments were restored.[42] The following week, Craig's attorneys filed a motion to withdraw his guilty plea, arguing that it "was not knowing and intelligent and therefore was in violation of his constitutional rights."[43] The motion was ultimately denied, upholding the initial guilty plea.[44] The controversy forced Craig to step down from his position as liaison to the Senate on the Romney campaign.[45] Craig vehemently denied wrongdoing, saying "I am not gay. I never have been gay."[46]

Following the ruling, Craig announced that despite his previous statements to the contrary, he would serve out his Senate term. He stated that he intended to "continue my effort to clear my name in the Senate Ethics Committee—something that is not possible if I am not serving in the Senate."[47] Craig did not seek reelection in 2008 and left office on January 3, 2009.[48] Craig was succeeded by Lieutenant Governor and former Governor Jim Risch.[49]

Both the 2009 documentary Outrage and the magazine Newsweek (June 7, 2010 issue) listed Craig, among others, as a conservative politician with a record of anti-gay legislation who was caught in a gay sex scandal.[50]

In June 2012, the Federal Election Commission sued Craig for repayment of $217,000 of campaign funds which he used to pay for his defense in his criminal case. In an August 2012 filing, Craig's lawyer Andrew Herman wrote "Not only was the trip itself constitutionally required, but Senate rules sanction reimbursement for any cost relating to a senator's use of a bathroom while on official travel"; the filing cited an FEC ruling that allowed former Congressman Jim Kolbe to use campaign funds for his legal defense in the Mark Foley scandal.[51] A federal court in Washington, D.C. determined that he improperly paid his attorneys in this matter from his campaign funds, and Craig was ordered in 2014 to pay the Treasury $242,535.[52] On March 4, 2016, the U.S. Court of Appeals affirmed that judgment.[53][54]

Other activities

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Craig was inducted into the Idaho Hall of Fame in 2007.[55]

Craig has served as a member of the board of directors of the National Rifle Association of America.[56][57]

After his retirement, Craig opened the consulting firm New West Strategies with his former chief of staff Mike Ware, focusing on energy issues.[58] The consulting firm shut down in 2019.[59]

In 2014, Craig was the Idaho Republican Party financial chair.[60]

Election history

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Senate elections in Idaho (Class II): results 1990–2002
Year Democrat Votes Pct Republican Votes Pct 3rd party Party Votes Pct 3rd party Party Votes Pct
1990 Ron J. Twilegar 122,295 38.7% Larry Craig 193,641 61.3%
1996 Walt Minnick 198,422 39.9% Larry Craig 283,532 57.0% Mary J. Charbonneau Independent 10,137 2.0% Susan Vegors Natural Law 5,142 1.0%
2002 Alan Blinken 132,975 32.5% Larry Craig 266,215 65.2% Donovan Bramwell Libertarian 9,354 2.3%

1988 Idaho 1st District United States Congressional election

Larry Craig (R) (inc.) 65.7%
Jeanne Givens (D) 34.3%

1986 Idaho 1st District United States Congressional election

Larry Craig (R) (inc.) 65.1%
William Currie (D) 32.3%
David Shepherd (I) 2.6%

1984 Idaho 1st District United States Congressional election

Larry Craig (R) (inc.) 68.6%
Bill Heller (D) 31.4%

1982 Idaho 1st District United States Congressional election

Larry Craig (R) (inc.) 53.6%
Larry LaRocco (D) 46.4%

1980 Idaho 1st District United States Congressional election

Larry Craig (R) 53.7%
Glenn W. Nichols (D) 46.3%

See also

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References

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Further reading

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[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Larry Craig

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Lawrence Edwin Craig (born July 20, 1945) is an American retired and rancher who served as a Republican member of the from from 1981 to 1991 and as a United States Senator from from 1991 to 2009. A fiscal and social conservative raised on a family ranch homesteaded by his grandfather, Craig advocated for agricultural interests, , , and during his congressional tenure, rising to the position of chairman of the from 2003 to 2007. His career concluded after a June 2007 at Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport for , based on an undercover officer's interpretation of foot movements and gestures in a restroom stall as signals for sexual —a charge Craig denied committing any wrongdoing and attributed to a misunderstanding of his "wide stance" while attempting to avoid urine splash. Craig initially pleaded guilty to the without consulting counsel or notifying Senate leadership, but subsequently sought to withdraw the plea citing ; courts upheld the conviction, though he completed his term without further legal repercussions beyond the plea.

Early Life and Background

Childhood and Family Origins

Larry Edwin Craig was born on July 20, 1945, in , Adams County, , into a ranching family. The family's operations centered on and in the rural northwest region of the state, reflecting the agrarian dominant in Adams and nearby Washington Counties during the mid-20th century. Craig spent his early years on the family ranch near Midvale, , established through by his grandfather in 1899. This isolated, self-sufficient setting involved hands-on labor in farming and ranching, exposing him from childhood to the practical demands of rural life, including crop management, , and seasonal fieldwork typical of Idaho's high desert terrain. The conservative cultural milieu of rural , with its emphasis on individual responsibility and intervention amid sparse population and harsh natural conditions, formed the backdrop for Craig's formative experiences. Family-centered traditions in such communities prioritized hard work and frugality, traits aligned with the self-reliant ethos of Western ranching families during the post-World War II era.

Education and Early Influences

Craig earned a degree in from the in 1969. During his university years, he served as student body president for the 1968-1969 term and became the lobbyist representing the institution to the . He also held the position of national vice president of the Future Farmers of America from 1966 to 1967. Following graduation, Craig pursued graduate studies at . Before launching his political career, Craig engaged in his family's ranching operations in , acquiring hands-on knowledge of and land management essential to the state's rural . These endeavors, combined with his roles, fostered practical skills and an appreciation for self-reliant enterprise amid Idaho's resource-dependent landscape.

Military Service

Service in the Idaho Army National Guard

Larry Craig enlisted in the Idaho Army National Guard in 1970, during the era, and served for approximately two years until his honorable discharge in 1972. His service occurred stateside, with no overseas deployment or combat experience, aligning with the National Guard's primary role in domestic readiness and support for federal missions as needed. Craig attained the rank of (E-3) during his tenure, performing duties consistent with enlisted personnel in a reserve component unit focused on and local defense preparedness. Some accounts indicate his discharge followed about 20 months of active participation in a planned six-year enlistment commitment, possibly due to medical reasons, though it remained honorable. This period of service reflected a commitment to military obligations amid national tensions over the conflict, emphasizing discipline and patriotism through reserve rather than frontline engagement.

Post-Service Transition to Civilian Life

Following his honorable discharge from the in 1972 as a , Larry Craig returned to the family ranching operation near in Washington County, , where he had already begun working after earning his in from the in 1969. He focused on agriculture-related pursuits as a farmer-rancher, managing and in the rural Payette Valley region, which reinforced his economic ties to Idaho's conservative agrarian base. This transition emphasized continuity with his rural upbringing, avoiding relocation to urban areas and instead deepening involvement in local farming networks amid Idaho's post-Vietnam agricultural economy, characterized by family-operated ranches facing federal land-use pressures. Craig's ranching role from onward positioned him within tight-knit communities of Washington and Payette counties, fostering relationships with fellow producers and conservative stakeholders that proved instrumental for his 1974 state senate candidacy, endorsed by retiring Jack Bivens. By sustaining a low-profile, Idaho-centric centered on operations rather than external professional ventures, Craig exemplified the self-reliant ethos of rural conservatism, prioritizing local resource management over broader metropolitan influences during the early 1970s.

Political Beginnings

Idaho State Legislature

Larry Craig was elected to the Idaho State Senate in 1974, representing District 15, which encompassed Payette and Washington counties in the state's rural western region. Running as a Republican, he secured the seat unopposed in both the primary and general elections after receiving the endorsement of the retiring incumbent senator. This victory marked his entry into elective office, building on his prior involvement in Republican Party activities and student leadership at the . Craig was reelected in 1976 and 1978, serving three terms through 1980. During this period, he established himself as a steadfast conservative in Idaho's Republican-dominated assembly, emphasizing fiscal restraint and local control in a state heavily reliant on and resource extraction. His work aligned with priorities such as protecting rights and advocating for reduced taxation to support rural economies, consistent with his representation of farming communities facing economic pressures from federal policies. In the , Craig opposed measures perceived as expanding government overreach, particularly those impinging on Idaho's agricultural sector and autonomy amid tensions over federal ownership of vast public lands within the state. This stance reinforced his appeal among conservative voters, positioning him as a defender of and state sovereignty before transitioning to federal office.

Initial Congressional Campaign and U.S. House Tenure

In the 1980 United States House election for , an open seat following Steve Symms's successful Senate campaign, Larry Craig secured victory over Democrat Glenn W. Nichols. Craig, a emphasizing conservative principles, positioned himself as a proponent of and rural economic interests, aligning with the Reagan Republican wave that year. He took office in the 97th on , 1981, representing a district encompassing northern and western , including key agricultural and resource extraction areas. Craig won reelection in 1982, 1984, 1986, and 1988, serving five terms until 1990. Throughout his House tenure, he consistently opposed tax hikes, including votes against measures that would have reversed elements of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981, reflecting his commitment to fiscal restraint amid Reagan-era supply-side policies. He backed efforts in and transportation sectors, arguing they bolstered Idaho's by reducing federal overreach on private enterprise. A staunch defender of Western resource industries, Craig advocated for timber harvesting and on , criticizing environmental restrictions as detrimental to rural employment and Idaho's extractive sectors. His positions prioritized local economic needs over expansive federal protections, often clashing with national conservation lobbies during debates on management in the . This focus underscored his representation of Idaho's timber-dependent communities and operations, which faced increasing regulatory pressures from agencies like the Forest Service.

U.S. Senate Career

Elections and Terms Served

Craig was elected to the U.S. from in the November 6, 1990, general election, defeating Democratic nominee Ron Twilegar, a former state legislator, with 61.3% of the vote (167,486 votes) to Twilegar's 38.7% (105,898 votes). Running to succeed retiring Republican incumbent , whose term ended January 3, 1991, Craig secured the Republican nomination after a competitive primary against Jim Whitaker, whom he defeated 58%-42%. His victory reflected 's strong Republican leanings, where the state had not elected a Democratic senator since 1962. Craig was sworn in on January 3, 1991, beginning his first six-year term. Seeking re-election in 1996, Craig faced Democrat Walt Minnick, a Boise businessman, in a race that saw Craig prevail with 57.0% of the vote (283,532 votes) to Minnick's 39.9% (198,422 votes), with the remainder going to minor candidates including Natural Law nominee Susan Gorrell. The election, held November 5, 1996, featured limited Democratic spending and no major controversies, underscoring the GOP's dominance in the conservative, rural state. Craig's campaign highlighted fiscal restraint and opposition to federal overreach, themes resonant with Idaho voters prioritizing limited government. He began his second term on January 3, 1997. In the 2002 election, Craig won a third term against underfunded Democrat Alan Blinken, a former state party chairman, capturing approximately 65% of the vote to Blinken's 32%, with Libertarian Donovan Bramwell taking the balance. The contest drew low turnout amid national focus on House races, but Craig's margin affirmed his entrenched support in Idaho's Republican base, where Democrats mounted no viable statewide challenge. His platforms consistently emphasized , reduced federal spending, and agricultural interests key to the state's economy. Craig's third term commenced January 3, 2003, extending his Senate service through January 3, 2009.
Election YearOpponent (Party)Craig Vote ShareOpponent Vote ShareTotal Votes Cast
1990Ron Twilegar (D)61.3%38.7%273,384
1996 (D)57.0%39.9%497,024
2002 (D)65%32%~300,000

Key Legislative Achievements and Policy Positions

Craig co-sponsored legislation to protect Idaho's agricultural sector, including a 2006 bill with Senators Mike Crapo and Pete Domenici to clarify eligibility for federal crop insurance subsidies, ensuring small farms with limited base acres could access payments amid volatile markets. In the 2007 Farm Bill, amendments he supported expanded Specialty Crop Block Grants, providing over $50 million annually for Idaho producers of potatoes, onions, and other commodities, directly bolstering rural economies dependent on these exports. These efforts prioritized domestic farm viability over broader trade liberalization, reflecting Idaho's $7 billion agriculture industry in the early 2000s. On trade policy, Craig opposed expansions of NAFTA-like agreements that risked local jobs, criticizing the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) in 2005 as "trading off one segment of our economy against another in the name of ," particularly harming Idaho's and sectors through increased imports. He co-sponsored a 2002 amendment with Senator to limit fast-track authority, prohibiting rollbacks of U.S. anti-dumping laws in future pacts, which passed the and preserved protections for American producers facing subsidized foreign competition. Craig advocated for fiscal restraint through a (BBA) to the , introducing resolutions as early as 1996 and pushing for ratification since the , arguing it would enforce discipline after failed voluntary efforts yielded only temporary surpluses in the late . His stance drew praise from fiscal conservatives for prioritizing spending cuts over tax hikes, though it earned low scores from progressive groups favoring deficit-financed social programs. In 1997, he endorsed the bipartisan budget deal projecting balance by 2002 via $1 trillion in savings over five years, emphasizing entitlement reforms. A staunch defender of Second Amendment rights, Craig maintained an A rating from the NRA throughout his Senate tenure, co-sponsoring the Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act (PLCAA) in 2005, which shielded firearms manufacturers from civil lawsuits over criminal misuse, enacted to prevent industry bankruptcy amid 3,000+ pending cases. As an NRA board member since 1983, he opposed federal restrictions, voting against the 1994 Assault Weapons Ban extension and advocating reciprocity. In , Craig secured funding for wounded service members via the Wounded Warrior Traumatic Injury Protection Program amendment, providing $25,000 to $100,000 payments based on injury severity for over 1,000 personnel annually, addressing gaps in existing benefits during and operations. He supported appropriations for base infrastructure, including $1.2 billion in the 2005 Military Construction bill for readiness enhancements, while critiquing overextension by holding promotions in 2003 to enforce commitments to Idaho's Mountain Home AFB. These positions emphasized equipment modernization and personnel support over indefinite overseas engagements.

Committee Assignments and Roles

During his Senate tenure from 1981 to 2009, Larry Craig held assignments on several key committees, including the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, where he served on subcommittees addressing research, nutrition, and general legislation, reflecting Idaho's agricultural priorities such as potato production and rural development. He also participated in the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, chairing the Subcommittee on Forests and Public Land Management, which enabled focus on federal land policies impacting Idaho's vast public domains, including timber and grazing regulations. Craig's role on the Appropriations Committee extended to the Energy and Water Development Subcommittee, providing oversight of funding for energy initiatives, including nuclear research and development at facilities like the , a major economic driver in his state. On the Committee on , he assumed the chairmanship in January 2005 until August 2007, prioritizing programmatic oversight and benefits administration rather than budgetary expansions. His service on the Select Committee on Intelligence similarly emphasized monitoring agency operations and intelligence community accountability over structural growth. These assignments positioned Craig to advocate for Idaho-specific interests in resource management and without pursuing expansive legislative agendas.

The 2007 Airport Incident and Arrest

Details of the Arrest

On June 11, 2007, U.S. Senator Larry Craig was arrested in a men's restroom at the during a layover en route from , to . An undercover Minneapolis police sergeant, Dave Karsnia, was stationed in a stall as part of a addressing complaints of lewd conduct in the facility. According to the police report, Craig first lingered outside the stalls, peered through the door crack into Karsnia's stall for about two minutes, then entered the adjacent stall and locked the door. The report states that Craig then tapped his right foot against the shared partition multiple times, moving it closer until it contacted Karsnia's foot, a gesture Karsnia recognized from prior investigations as a common signal for initiating anonymous sexual activity. Subsequently, Craig extended his left hand under the divider with palm up and fingers spread, sweeping it along the bottom toward Karsnia's position in a manner interpreted as an invitation to engage genitals, though Karsnia shifted away and no further bodily contact occurred beyond the initial foot tapping. No explicit verbal solicitation was exchanged; the alleged conduct consisted entirely of non-verbal signals. In the immediate post-arrest with Karsnia, Craig denied any sexual intent, attributing the foot incursion to his practice of adopting a "wide stance" for while using the , which caused it to inadvertently cross under the divider. He acknowledged the foot contact as accidental bumping during normal use but expressed surprise at the subsequent police identification card presented under the divider. Regarding the hand movement, Craig admitted it extended below the divider but explained it as an attempt to retrieve a piece of paper from the floor, maintaining he had done nothing inappropriate. He was charged with based on these actions. On August 8, 2007, U.S. Senator Larry Craig pleaded guilty in Hennepin County District Court to a single count of stemming from his June 11 at Minneapolis-St. Paul . The original charge of interference with —a gross misdemeanor involving alleged lewd conduct—was dismissed as part of the plea agreement, reducing the potential penalties significantly. Craig entered the plea without retaining counsel, reportedly to expedite resolution and minimize public exposure amid concerns over media scrutiny of his personal life. Under the terms of the , Craig received a suspended 10-day jail sentence, avoiding any incarceration, along with a fine exceeding $500 and one year of unsupervised . The statute under law encompassed engaging in conduct offensive to others that invaded , though the did not require explicit admission of sexual or intent to expose genitals, distinguishing it from the dropped charge. Craig later contended in related filings that the airport employed tactics akin to , citing the undercover officer's prolonged engagement and foot-tapping signals as inducements rather than mere observation. These initial proceedings concluded without trial, with Craig paying the required fees and fines promptly to close the case at the district level.

Response to the Scandal

Public Denials and Defenses

On August 28, 2007, Senator Larry Craig held a in , alongside his wife Suzanne, where he emphatically denied any homosexual orientation or misconduct in the Minneapolis airport incident. He stated, "I am not gay. I never have been gay," and asserted that he "did nothing wrong at the airport," attributing his guilty plea to an overreaction amid fears of media scrutiny during a family vacation. Craig described the encounter as a misunderstanding, later referencing his "wide stance" in the bathroom stall as an innocent explanation for foot contact noted in the police report, while criticizing the officer's interpretation as misleading. Craig's family publicly supported his account, with Suzanne Craig appearing at the conference to affirm their marriage and portray the arrest as resulting from overly aggressive policing tactics in the sting operation. He expressed regret for not consulting family or legal counsel before pleading guilty on August 8, 2007, and framed the plea as a hasty decision to avoid prolonged publicity, insisting no sexual advance occurred. In rebutting prior allegations, Craig dismissed longstanding rumors of homosexual activity—circulating since his entry into in 1980 and linked to the early congressional page scandal—as baseless smears lacking evidence. He traced such claims to political opponents during his initial campaigns, noting their persistence without substantiation over nearly three decades in office, and rejected them as attempts to undermine his conservative record on social issues. Some conservative commentators and Craig allies suggested the sting's timing and media amplification reflected partisan motivations, particularly given its proximity to the 2008 election cycle, contrasting it with less aggressive coverage of Democratic scandals like those involving . Figures like drew parallels to Clinton's denials, questioning selective outrage, though such defenses were limited amid broader Republican calls for accountability. Craig maintained the incident was entrapment-like, with the undercover officer's signals ambiguous and the arrest disproportionate to any observed behavior.

Attempted Plea Withdrawal and Judicial Outcomes

On September 10, 2007, attorneys for Larry Craig filed a motion in Hennepin County District Court to withdraw his August 8 guilty to , contending that the was not knowing, intelligent, or voluntary due to intense media scrutiny and personal stress that impaired his judgment at the time. The motion also asserted the 's inaccuracy, arguing that Craig was factually innocent and that his actions did not constitute the charged offense, while highlighting potential deficiencies in the police investigation as grounds for further evidentiary review. District Judge Charles Porter denied the motion on October 4, 2007, ruling that Craig's was accurate, voluntary, and supported by a factual basis established during the colloquy, where Craig had affirmed under that he understood the charge and admitted to the conduct. Porter emphasized that law permits withdrawal only if it manifests , which he found absent, as Craig had been advised of his and the form indicated no . The expressed skepticism toward claims of external pressure overriding Craig's decision-making, noting the plea's compliance with procedural safeguards. Craig appealed the denial to the Minnesota Court of Appeals, which on December 9, 2008, affirmed the district court's decision in an unpublished opinion, holding that the record demonstrated a valid factual basis for the and no abuse of discretion in refusing withdrawal. The appellate panel rejected arguments of and constitutional challenges to the statute, concluding that Craig failed to show the was not voluntary or that evidentiary disputes warranted a . No further appeal to the was pursued successfully, leaving the conviction intact without a full on the merits, thereby preserving debates over the underlying —such as interpretations of Craig's gestures and the officer's account—unresolved in adversarial proceedings. Throughout the process, Craig publicly maintained his factual innocence, distinguishing it from the legal consequences of the upheld plea, which carried a $500 fine already paid and one year of unsupervised that concluded without violation. The judicial outcomes underscored the deference courts afford to voluntary pleas under Rule of Criminal Procedure 15.05, even amid claims of regret or external influences, without requiring relitigation of factual guilt.

Political and Professional Fallout

Resignation and Party Pressure

On September 1, , Senator Larry Craig announced his intention to resign effective September 30, bowing to intense pressure from Republican leaders who feared the would exacerbate the party's vulnerabilities ahead of the elections. The GOP's diminished standing after the 2006 midterm losses amplified concerns that prolonged media coverage of Craig's for lewd conduct would distract from legislative priorities and alienate voters in key races. Party leadership, including Minority Leader , had stripped Craig of committee roles and initiated an ethics probe, framing the push as a necessary step to restore focus amid the frenzy. The demands reflected pragmatic calculations over moral purity, as Republicans sought to distance themselves from a controversy perceived as uniquely damaging due to its association with in an era of cultural debates on social issues. Craig's supporters countered that immediate was unwarranted, emphasizing his electoral mandate from voters in 2002 for a full six-year term and arguing the party's response overlooked similar tolerances for other ethical lapses. They highlighted inconsistencies, such as the relatively muted reaction to Sen. David Vitter's admitted patronage of a ring earlier in , which did not prompt equivalent calls to step down. Following a district court's denial of his motion to withdraw the guilty plea on , 2007, Craig reversed his resignation plan, vowing to serve out his term until January 3, 2009, to honor constituent trust and utilize his seniority on remaining work. This stance drew criticism from party elders but underscored arguments that the initial pressure prioritized electoral optics over or precedent, with some observers noting a in how Republican handled scandals involving heterosexual versus homosexual allegations.

Impact on 2008 Election and Legacy in Idaho Politics

Following his resignation effective September 30, 2007, Larry Craig did not seek reelection to his Senate seat in the 2008 election cycle. Idaho Governor C.L. "Butch" Otter, a Republican, appointed Lieutenant Governor Jim Risch as interim senator to serve from October 1, 2007, until January 3, 2009. Risch, who had previously served as interim governor, positioned himself as a continuity candidate emphasizing conservative priorities aligned with Idaho's rural electorate. In the May 27, 2008, Republican primary, Risch secured the nomination with 72.7% of the vote against minor challengers. He then won the general election for the full six-year term against Democrat Larry LaRocco, capturing 57.7% of the vote to LaRocco's 39.7%, with the remainder to minor candidates. Despite national Republican concerns over the scandal's potential to demoralize the base amid broader losses, 's contest remained uncompetitive, reflecting the state's entrenched Republican dominance—evidenced by consistent GOP victories in federal races since the 1990s. and margins showed no discernible deviation attributable to Craig's episode, as Republicans retained supermajorities in the state legislature and all statewide offices post-election. The truncated Craig's career but inflicted negligible long-term damage on GOP hegemony, with the party sustaining its hold on the seat and conservative policy priorities like subsidies and Second Amendment protections. Post-resignation honors, including a October 2007 event in Boise attended by Risch and state Republicans, underscored views among supporters that Craig's three-decade record as an advocate for rural —through roles on and committees—outweighed the isolated incident. 's political landscape persisted as solidly Republican, with no erosion in voter or partisan realignment, as subsequent elections confirmed the resilience of the state's red-state identity.

Post-Senate Activities

Following his resignation from the U.S. Senate on September 3, 2007, former Senator Larry Craig faced scrutiny from the (FEC) over his campaign committee's use of funds for legal expenses tied to the 2007 airport incident. The FEC initiated a civil enforcement action in June 2012, alleging that Craig and the Craig for U.S. Senate committee unlawfully converted approximately $211,000 in campaign contributions to personal use by paying for attorneys to challenge his guilty plea and defend against related ethics inquiries. Craig contended that the expenditures were permissible because the Minneapolis travel underlying the occurred during official Senate business, creating a direct nexus to his campaign activities and justifying the defense costs as protecting his political viability. In March 2013, U.S. District Judge rejected Craig's motion to dismiss, ruling that legal fees incurred to withdraw the guilty plea in state court could not reasonably be characterized as advancing campaign interests, as they addressed a personal criminal matter rather than electoral concerns. The case proceeded to , where on September 30, 2014, Judge Jackson ordered Craig to repay $242,637 to the U.S. Treasury, including the converted funds plus interest, for violations of the prohibiting personal use of campaign money. Craig appealed, but the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit affirmed the decision on March 4, 2016, upholding that the expenses served personal rather than campaign purposes. The dispute underscored tensions in law over distinguishing personal legal defenses from those tied to official duties, with Craig's arguments highlighting potential overreach in applying post-scandal prohibitions to expenditures initially approved by as compliant. Separate FEC reviews noted continued campaign disbursements into the 2010s, including legal fees and travel, though the primary resolution centered on the scandal-related costs without additional civil penalties beyond repayment. These battles exemplified broader challenges for politicians navigating fund usage amid probes, where regulatory enforcement often prioritizes strict separation of personal and campaign resources despite claims of political motivation.

Later Public Engagements and Retirement

Following his Senate term's conclusion on , , Larry Craig retreated to a private life in , eschewing further electoral ambitions after forgoing a 2008 re-election bid. Craig has engaged in no documented efforts, media campaigns, or bids for political office since his . Public appearances have been minimal, limited to infrequent interviews such as a 2017 local television discussion reflecting on his tenure without pursuing broader visibility. By 2025, no substantive public engagements or GOP organizational roles are reported for Craig, marking a retirement characterized by seclusion from political discourse and absence of renewed controversies.

Personal Life and Conservative Philosophy

Family and Relationships

Larry Craig married Suzanne Thompson in July 1983. He adopted her three children from a previous : sons Mike and , and daughter Shae. The family resided primarily in , where Craig maintained a public image centered on personal stability amid his long political career. Following Craig's 2007 arrest in a airport restroom , his wife Suzanne stood by him publicly, appearing at his side during a September 2007 where he announced his intent to resign from the before reversing course. His children also expressed support, with Mike Craig and Shae Howell (née Craig) stating in a January 2009 ABC News interview that they had confronted their father about the incident and believed his denials of any wrongdoing. Earlier, in September 2007, two of the children told they had directly questioned Craig about the bathroom encounter and accepted his explanation that it stemmed from a misunderstanding rather than . No extramarital affairs involving Craig have been verified through legal proceedings or corroborated evidence; allegations arising from the scandal were consistently denied by Craig and his family, with post-arrest investigations yielding no additional substantiated claims of infidelity. Speculation about his personal conduct often originated from political adversaries during the height of , but lacked independent verification beyond the contested guilty plea, which Craig attempted to withdraw citing ineffective counsel and ambiguity in his actions. The family's unified defense underscored a of enduring marital and parental bonds, unmarred by proven disruptions.

Core Beliefs and Voting Record on Social Issues

Larry Craig consistently advocated conservative positions on social issues throughout his congressional career, earning high ratings from organizations such as the for his alignment with traditional family values. He opposed the expansion of federal recognition for same-sex relationships, voting in favor of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) on September 10, 1996, which defined as the union of one man and one woman and prohibited states from being compelled to recognize out-of-state same-sex marriages. Craig also supported the to enshrine a traditional definition of in the U.S. Constitution, casting votes for on the measure in 2004 and 2006 to advance debate. On employment protections, Craig opposed legislation prohibiting discrimination based on , including his "no" vote on a 1996 bill that sought to extend such safeguards and failed by a single vote. Regarding abortion, he maintained a pro-life stance with allowances for exceptions in cases of , , or threat to the mother's life, as reflected in his 100% rating from the and his support for the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003 (S. 3), which he voted to override a presidential on November 5, 2003, after its initial passage. This position contrasted with a 0% rating from NARAL Pro-Choice America, underscoring his opposition to broader rights expansions. Craig backed faith-based initiatives to channel federal funds through religious organizations for , provided they did not violate church-state separation principles, as evidenced by his low rating from Americans United for , indicating resistance to strict secular mandates in such programs. He framed these stances as faithful representations of his constituents' values in a predominantly state, emphasizing principled conservatism over personal matters amid unproven allegations of that he repeatedly denied as baseless rumors. This consistency in voting aligned with 's social priorities, where opposition to and enjoyed strong public support, rather than yielding to external pressures or personal scrutiny.

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