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Murari Chand College
Murari Chand College
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Murari Chand College (Bengali: মুরারিচাঁদ কলেজ) (usually referred to as MC College) was the first college in the Sylhet Division. It was established in 1892, making it the seventh oldest college in Bangladesh. Since then it has played an important role in the educational, cultural, and political spheres of Greater Sylhet.[1]

Key Information

History

[edit]

M C College was established on 27 June 1892 by Raja Girish Chandra Roy of Roynagar, Sylhet with four teachers and 18 students. The college was named after his maternal great-grandfather, Murari Chand Roy. It was located beside the present Raja GC School in Bandar Bazar. At the beginning it was a proprietary college funded by Chandra himself. The original college building collapsed in the 1897 Assam earthquake, of which Chandra himself was a victim. Though he survived the quakes, the calamity made him financially vulnerable. It was not possible for him to run the college from his own resources from thereon. He urged the government to take over the college so that it could continue as an educational institution. The government took over the college in 1908 after the death of Chandra. Then it became an aided college. On 1 April 1912, the college become fully government administered and was considered as an affiliated college of the University of Calcutta.

In 1916, Syed Abdul Majid upgraded Murari Chand College's status to first grade degree level and laid the school's foundation stone in Thackeray Hills alongside William Sinclair Marris in 1921.[2][3][4][5]

Abdul Khaliq Choudhury of Bijli (1886-1948) was the first Muslim student of the college. He was a member of the Assam council from 1921 to 1936 as well as the South Sylhet Local Board and Dhaka University Syndicate.[6]

In 1925, the college moved to its current campus at Thackarey Hills (now Tilagarh). It is spread on an area of 112 acres of land of a beautiful natural set-up. In 1942, the golden jubilee of the college was observed by the publishing of the Murari Chand College Golden Jubilee Volume. After the Partition of India in 1947, the college became an affiliate of the University of Dhaka. It then became an affiliate of the University of Chittagong in 1968. Finally in 1992, it became an affiliate of the National University, Bangladesh.

In 2001, the college had 130 teachers and 6,000 students. There are seven residential hostels for students, which is one of the best residential arrangements of students at the college level in Bangladesh. In 2000, the college won the national award as the best educational institution.

The library of M C College is famous for its collection of books, which numbers around 100,000.[2]

Currently, all the students of HSC first year obtained GPA 5 in SSC.

Academic departments

[edit]

Arts

[edit]
  • English
  • History
  • Islamic History and Culture
  • Islamic Studies
  • Bangla
  • Philosophy

Sciences

[edit]
  • Botany
  • Zoology
  • Chemistry
  • Physics

Social Sciences

[edit]
  • Economics
  • Political Science
  • Sociology

Infrastructure and campus

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There are currently nine academic buildings in the college. They consist of classrooms, a library, department offices, etc., and are mainly used to conduct classes. Almost all of the departments have their own academic buildings.

The central library of the college is one of the oldest in the country. It houses a huge number of volumes; many of them are rare. The library is widely used by researchers. It holds more than 60,000 books.

The botanical garden is run by the botany department and is the only of its kind in the Sylhet Division. The Zoology department runs a zoological museum which contains a collection of different animals.

The college has two hostels, one for males and one for females. The male hostel is made up of six blocks, with five blocks for Muslim students and one block for Hindu students. Another four-storey hostel is being built next to the hostel pond.

Extra-curricular activities

[edit]

The first and old organisations of MC College include Mohona Cultural Organisation.[7] There are 3 rover units and 1 girl in-rover unit run by the Bangladesh Scouts. The Mainamati Battalion of the Bangladesh National Cadet Corps have a platoon here. On 14 November 2017, the Murari Chand Debate Society (MCDS) was established. The MCDS won first place amongst the Sylhet Division in Democracy International's Debate Championship 2018. Other activities include the Murari Chand College Press Club, Murari Chand Poetry Council, Dhrubak Club, Tourist Club, Theatre Murari Chand, Cultural Organisation, Chemistry Club, Botanical Society and Economics Club.

Principal

[edit]

Professor Golam Ahmed Khan has been appointed as the new principal of MC College. This information was revealed in a notification signed by Md. Mahbub Alam, Deputy Secretary of the Secondary and Higher Education Department of the Ministry of Education, on Wednesday (July 2, 2025). Prior to this, he was the principal of Fenchuganj Degree College, and before that, he served as the head of the Botany Department at MC College.

The previous principal was Abul Anam Md. Reaz, who previously served as the Head of the Physics Department of the College and the Principal of Sylhet Government College.

Notable alumni

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Murari Chand College

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from Grokipedia
Murari Chand College, commonly known as MC College, is a public higher education institution in , , established in 1892 as a second-grade college evolving from the Murari Chand High School founded in 1886 by local nobleman Raja Girish Chandra Roy. Named after Roy's maternal grandfather, the college initially operated under the with 18 students and four teachers, upgrading to first-grade status in 1916 and introducing degree courses that year alongside programs in 1926. Its permanent 150-acre on Thackeray Hill was inaugurated in 1925, reflecting its growth into a key academic center affiliated successively with Dhaka University, the , and since 1992, the of . Today, it provides Honours and Master's degrees in 15 subjects including Bangla, English, Physics, and , maintaining its position as one of 's oldest and leading colleges in the region. While historically significant for educational contributions in the subcontinent, the institution has encountered challenges typical of Bangladeshi public colleges, such as infrastructure strains and episodic student , though these do not overshadow its foundational role in local higher learning.

History

Founding and Early Development

Murari Chand College originated from Murari Chand High School, established in 1886 by Raja Girish Chandra Roy, a local nobleman of , who named the institution after his maternal grandfather, Babu Murari Chand Roy. In 1892, the high school was upgraded to a second-grade college, commencing operations on 27 June under the affiliation of the , with an initial enrollment of 18 students taught by 4 faculty members focused on the F.A. (Intermediate in Arts) course. Shotis Chandra Ray served as the first principal during this foundational phase. Initially, the college shared a single building and teaching staff with the adjacent high school, operating amid limited infrastructure that constrained expansion. The institution encountered a near-existential in 1906 owing to stringent new regulations from the but obtained government recognition and grants in 1908, stabilizing its finances and academic standing. By 1916, public fundraising enabled the upgrade to first-grade status in July, alongside the introduction of degree-level courses, marking a pivotal advancement in its academic scope. Further progress included land acquisition for a permanent on Thackeray Hill (Tilagarh), with the laid on 19 1921 and formal inauguration on 27 July 1925, establishing a dedicated site spanning 150 acres. These developments positioned the college as Sylhet's earliest center for higher education, fostering steady growth despite resource constraints.

Expansion and Key Milestones

In 1916, the college achieved a pivotal academic expansion by upgrading from an intermediate-level institution to a full degree college, with financial support covering 50% of expenses from provincial authorities, enabling the introduction of bachelor's programs under Calcutta University. A major infrastructural milestone occurred on July 27, 1925, when the relocated from its original Bandarbazar site to the expansive 144-acre Tilagarh campus (formerly Thackarey Hills), donated and facilitated by Syed , who had earlier pledged enhancements as Assam's in 1921; this move supported increased enrollment and facilities for growing student numbers. Subsequent developments included the observance of the college's in 1942, underscoring its regional prominence, followed by post-World War II expansions in faculty and courses amid rising demand in . By the late , the institution broadened its academic scope to encompass honors and master's levels across multiple disciplines, culminating in offerings of 15 honors subjects and 16 master's programs by the , alongside higher secondary streams, with enrollment expanding to approximately 15,000 students on the modernized campus.

Post-Independence Challenges and Growth

Following Bangladesh's independence in 1971, Murari Chand College faced significant challenges in resuming operations, including a shortage of teachers that led to the postponement of Masters (Part 1) courses. The institution's students had actively participated in the Liberation War, contributing to disruptions in academic continuity and infrastructure maintenance amid the broader national reconstruction efforts. In response to these hurdles, the college initiated academic expansions, starting with the introduction of an Honours course in Botany in 1972. It gained affiliation with the National University in 1992, enabling the launch of Honours programs in Zoology and Sociology, followed by Masters programs in these subjects. Further growth occurred in the 2004–05 session with the addition of Honours courses in Psychology, Islamic History and Culture, History, and Statistics. The college, which had been renamed Sylhet Government College in 1966, had its original name restored in 1988 by Education Secretary Hedayet Ahmed Choudhury. By the early 21st century, enrollment had expanded to approximately 10,000 students across 19 departments offering Honours and Masters programs, supported by nine academic buildings on its 150-acre . However, persistent challenges included shortages of classrooms and faculty, as well as deteriorating pre-independence , such as the 1920s-era Science Block and Power House, which remain unfit for use or renovation as of 2024.

Academic Programs and Faculty

Departments and Offered Courses

Murari Chand College offers academic programs affiliated with the of , including (HSC) in the stream, (Pass) courses, Honours degrees in 15 subjects, and Master's degrees in 16 subjects across its departments in the arts and faculties, with no commerce faculty. The arts and social sciences departments provide Honours and Master's programs in Bangla, English, , , Islamic History and Culture, Political Science, Economics, Sociology, and Psychology. The departments offer similar programs in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Botany, Zoology, and Statistics. Additionally, Islamic Studies is available exclusively at the Master's level.
FacultyDepartments Offering Honours and Master'sMaster's Only
Arts and Social SciencesBangla, English, , , Islamic History and Culture, Political Science, Economics, Sociology, Psychology-
ScienceMathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Botany, Zoology, Statistics-
--Islamic Studies
These programs emphasize development of creative thinking and potential among students, with Honours courses tracing back to 1916 for arts and 1926 for sciences, and Master's programs introduced in 1970, though with periodic interruptions. Enrollment at Murari Chand College has expanded markedly since its establishment. Initially enrolling 18 students in 1892 for the F.A. (now HSC) course, the institution has grown to accommodate approximately 15,000 students across Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC), honors (in 16 subjects), master's (in 16 subjects), and degree pass programs as of 2023. This figure aligns with recent reports confirming around 15,000 students in 2025, reflecting broader trends in higher education access in Sylhet division amid population growth and rising demand for tertiary studies. The college's affiliation with National University since 1992 has facilitated this scale-up, with degree courses commencing in 1916 and additional honors programs introduced from the 2004-05 session. Faculty composition remains constrained relative to enrollment. As of October 2025, 103 teachers serve against 139 sanctioned positions, including and vice-principal, leading to a student-teacher of approximately 124:1. These full-time educators oversee departments in , social sciences, and sciences, though detailed breakdowns by qualification or specialization are not publicly specified beyond historical notes of scholarly staffing since . The shortfall in positions contributes to administrative pressures, as noted in evaluations of National University-affiliated colleges.

Campus Infrastructure

Physical Facilities and Layout

The campus of Murari Chand College occupies approximately 150 acres on Thackeray Hill, situated about 3 miles east of city center, providing a naturally elevated and scenic layout conducive to academic activities. Key features include a large central , multiple gardens integrated into departmental areas and open spaces, and religious structures such as a and temple situated on the hilly terrain. The perimeter is largely enclosed by a boundary wall, with ongoing enhancements for security, including new and walls constructed in 2020-21 near the principal's . Academic infrastructure comprises 94 classrooms distributed across multiple buildings, supporting undergraduate and postgraduate programs, along with laboratories and department offices. A 10-story academic building is under on the north side of the college pond to expand capacity. Supporting facilities include a central , two auditoriums, a medical center, and a . Residential accommodations consist of one boys' hostel with seven blocks offering 420 seats and two ladies' hostels providing 200 seats, supplemented by a new 120-seat ladies' hostel established in 2020-21. The campus features the largest playground in the , spanning about 144 acres, utilized for sports events and competitions. Environmental initiatives include planting over 70,000 saplings in 2020-21 to enhance green cover.

Maintenance Issues and Recent Upgrades

The colonial-era Assam-type buildings on the Murari Chand College campus, constructed primarily by 1925, have faced significant conservation challenges, including structural deterioration from aging, infestations, , and exacerbated by Sylhet's and seismic activity. Inconsistent maintenance and neglect have worsened these issues, with poor-quality repairs using non-traditional materials further compromising integrity, while pressures have led to proposals for demolishing some structures in favor of modern replacements. The college's male , originally over 90 years old, was destroyed by in 2012 during political clashes, and a replacement built in 2014 at a cost of Tk 4 remained unused until 2023 due to administrative delays such as unpaid gas bills. Under the College Education Development Project (CEDP), funded by the government and implemented through the Infrastructure Development Group (IDG), the college executed multiple packages in the 2021-22 for renovations, including upgrades to 12 smart classrooms, 13 seminar rooms, the central library, and 20 washrooms, alongside procurement of furniture, IT equipment, lab materials, and books. A new 10-story academic building near the campus pond reached near-completion during this period to alleviate classroom shortages, while a 120-seat ladies' and a two-story ladies' were constructed and launched in 2020-21. The delayed male became operational in 2023, accommodating 244 students across six blocks, with additional 100-seat hostels for male and female students under construction as of that year. By 2021-22, 36 of the 94 classrooms were equipped with projectors and 23 with smart boards, supporting digital initiatives including separate digital classrooms for HSC students. Boundary wall construction progressed, with the west side and gate completed in 2020-21, enhancing campus security.

Student Life

Extracurricular Activities and Cultural Contributions

Theatre Murari Chand, a student-based troupe affiliated with Murari Chand College, actively contributes to the local by staging original plays that address social and contemporary issues. In March 2023, the group performed Putul Manush at Jatiya Kabi University, drawing attention to diverse societal challenges through dramatic narrative. Earlier productions include Rang Mahal in October 2016 at Kabi Nazrul Auditorium in , showcasing interpretive rooted in regional themes. The troupe has also presented Panibala, emphasizing cultural storytelling in public performances. These efforts extend to organizing multi-day festivals at the college's , fostering involvement in drama and enhancing 's cultural landscape. Scouting activities represent another facet of extracurricular engagement, with the college grounds serving as a venue for significant events like the Provincial Scout in 1961, which involved regional participants and promoted youth leadership and outdoor skills. Such gatherings underscore the institution's historical role in supporting organized youth programs aligned with national initiatives. While detailed records of other clubs like societies or councils are sparse in public documentation, student participation in competitive and performative arts has historically included national-level engagements in , , and discourse, reflecting the college's emphasis on holistic development beyond academics. These activities contribute to cultural preservation and community dialogue in , though political influences on campus life have occasionally overshadowed purely artistic pursuits.

Residential Facilities and Student Welfare

Murari Chand College maintains a limited number of hostels to provide residential accommodation for students, primarily serving those from outside Sylhet. However, capacity constraints severely restrict access, with only 3.91% of students able to utilize dormitory facilities as of October 2025, leaving 96% without such options. Hostel operations have been plagued by administrative and security challenges. A dormitory building completed in 2014 lay abandoned for two years due to unresolved issues, including outstanding gas bills, before partial activation in 2016. Facilities for female students remain overcrowded, with up to 10 residents per room reported in 2016, prompting calls for new blocks. Recurrent closures have occurred amid fears of violence; for instance, the main hostel was shut indefinitely in July 2017 and again in August 2019 due to factional clashes among residents. In June 2021, Bangladesh's High Court ordered the suspension of the college principal and hostel superintendent within seven days, citing mismanagement concerns. Student welfare initiatives appear underdeveloped relative to enrollment demands, with no dedicated centers or counseling services explicitly detailed in . The college canteen, a basic support for daily needs, has been non-operational, exacerbating hardships for non-residential students who commute. Recreational amenities, such as a large playing field adjacent to boys' hostels, offer limited outlets for and extracurricular engagement. These gaps reflect broader infrastructural strains, where residential shortages intersect with inadequate ancillary support, potentially hindering overall student well-being.

Controversies and Criticisms

Political Violence and Security Incidents

In September 2020, a occurred at the Murari Chand College hostel in , where a was assaulted by a group of men identified as supporters of local (BCL) activists, while her husband was confined and tied up nearby. The incident, linked to factional rivalries within the BCL—the student wing of the ruling —sparked widespread protests by students in , including demonstrations outside the college and demands for accountability amid reports of campus control by political factions. A case was filed against nine suspects, and the Ministry formed a probe committee, though critics highlighted patterns of impunity for BCL members in such cases. Earlier, in October 2016, female student Nazma Begum was stabbed multiple times at Murari Chand College after rejecting advances from a male suitor, prompting protests by dozens of male and female students on calling for better and an end to . The attack underscored vulnerabilities in campus safety, with Begum's uncle reporting to media that she was violently hacked as she exited an exam hall. Factional clashes within the BCL have also marred the campus. During the organization's 70th founding anniversary celebrations in January 2018, at least four BCL activists were injured in a sporadic fight at Murari Chand College, reflecting ongoing internal rivalries that occasionally erupt into violence. Separately, in 2010, BCL student activist Uday Singha Palash was murdered in city, an event tied to the college's political dynamics and contributing to perceptions of unchecked factionalism. These incidents, often involving weapons like iron rods and in broader BCL conflicts, have fueled concerns over politicized campus environments where student organizations exert significant influence over security and administration.

Administrative Shortcomings and Protests

In September 2020, a incident occurred at the of Murari Chand College in , where a was allegedly assaulted by a group of individuals, including activists affiliated with (BCL), the student wing of the ruling . The assailants reportedly confined and tied up the victim's husband during the attack, highlighting severe lapses in and oversight. This event exposed administrative failures, as the college management had not implemented adequate measures to prevent unauthorized access or monitor activities in the residential facilities, despite prior awareness of political group influences on campus. The incident prompted widespread student protests on September 26, 2020, with demonstrators gathering outside the college gates to demand accountability from the administration and justice for the victim. Agitated students blocked roads and chanted slogans against the perpetrators and institutional negligence, reflecting broader frustrations with unchecked political activities and inadequate supervision. In response, the Ministry of Education formed a three-member probe committee on September 29, 2020, specifically tasked with investigating potential shortcomings in college management that enabled the crime. The committee's inquiry focused on administrative lapses, including failure to enforce rules against external intrusions and maintain discipline amid partisan student groups. Judicial intervention followed, with the Division on June 2, 2021, ordering departmental action against the principal and hostel superintendent for their roles in the oversight failures, and mandating their suspension within seven days. The principal, Prof Md Saleh Ahmed, publicly acknowledged his "limitations and helplessness" in addressing such issues, citing constraints in controlling politically backed elements on campus. These events underscored systemic administrative weaknesses, such as delayed responses to security threats and insufficient residential infrastructure; for instance, a built in 2014 remained unused until 2016 due to unresolved administrative hurdles like unpaid utility bills. Ongoing residential deficiencies have fueled further discontent, with 96% of students lacking access to on-campus housing as of October 2025, exacerbating vulnerabilities to external harassment and forcing reliance on insecure off-campus options. Earlier protests, such as those in October 2016 following the machete attack on student Khadiza Begum for rejecting a suitor, similarly highlighted administrative inaction against campus violence, though they were less directly tied to institutional management flaws. Collectively, these shortcomings have eroded trust in the administration's capacity to ensure a safe educational environment, often linked to tolerance of partisan influences over neutral governance.

Leadership and Governance

Principals and Administrative History

Murari Chand College originated as Murari Chand High School in 1886, established by Raja Girish Chandra Roy, a local nobleman who named it after his maternal grandfather, Murari Chand Roy; it transitioned to a second-grade college in 1892 under the , beginning with 18 students and four teachers offering F.A. courses. The institution's early administration relied on private philanthropy and local efforts, with Shotis Chandra Ray serving as the first principal amid challenges including inadequate infrastructure and financial constraints. Government involvement began in 1908 following Roy's death, providing initial aid, and culminated in full administrative control on 1 April 1912 under Chief Commissioner Archdale Earle, upgrading it to first-grade status by 1916 with the introduction of degree programs supported by local donations of 18,000 taka. Khan Bahadur Abdul Majid played a pivotal role in early governance and educational oversight until his death on 29 June 1922. The college's physical development advanced with the foundation stone laid on 19 August 1921 by Sir William Morris at Thackeray Hill, and formal inauguration on 27 July 1925 by the . Administrative affiliations shifted over time: from the until 1968, to the (1968–1992), and subsequently to Bangladesh National University from 1992 onward. A notable change occurred in 1964 when the institution was renamed Government College, reverting to Murari Chand College in 1989 under Education Secretary Hedayet Ahmed Choudhury. Prominent past principals include Dewan Mohammad Azraf, recognized for contributions during his tenure. As of July 2025, Professor Golam Ahmed Khan, holding a BSc (Honours) and MSc in , serves as principal, having joined on 7 July 2025; the college maintains a governance structure emphasizing scholarly leadership under oversight.

Institutional Affiliations and Oversight

Murari Chand College maintains its primary academic affiliation with the of , under which it offers honors courses in 15 subjects, master's programs in 16 subjects, degree pass courses, and higher in the science stream as of 2023. This affiliation, established in 1992, governs the curriculum, examinations, and degree conferral for its undergraduate and postgraduate programs. Prior affiliations included the until 1947, followed by University in the post-partition period, and the starting in 1968, reflecting shifts in 's higher education structure during colonial, Pakistani, and independent eras. As a public institution founded in 1892 and brought under full government administration in 1912, the college falls under the direct oversight of Bangladesh's Ministry of Education, specifically the Secondary and Higher Education Division, which handles funding, policy implementation, and administrative approvals. This governmental supervision ensures compliance with national educational standards, including infrastructure development and faculty appointments, with historical precedents such as government aid sanctioned in 1908 and upgrades to first-grade status in 1916. The University Grants Commission (UGC) provides additional regulatory oversight for affiliated colleges, focusing on , research promotion, and resource allocation, as outlined in national higher education strategies. Internally, governance is managed through a principal-led administration and a , aligned with guidelines and Ministry directives, though specific compositions are not publicly detailed beyond standard public protocols. This structure supports operational autonomy in daily affairs while subjecting major decisions—such as program expansions or name restorations, like the 1989 reversion to "Murari Chand " from "Sylhet Government College"—to higher governmental approval.

Legacy and Impact

Notable Alumni

, who served as Finance Minister of from 2009 to 2019, completed his intermediate education at the college, securing first place in his examination in 1951. Niharranjan Ray, an Indian historian renowned for his contributions to Bengali cultural and historical studies, graduated in history from the institution in the 1920s. M. Altaf Hossain, former editor of the Pakistani newspaper Dawn, was among the college's graduates noted for journalistic achievements. , an and chairman of the School of Economics, also studied at the college, contributing to development policy and activism in . Saifur Rahman, who held the position of Finance Minister from 1991 to 1996, similarly completed his education there, influencing economic reforms during his tenure.

Broader Contributions and Criticisms

Murari Chand College has played a foundational role in advancing higher education in , , as the region's first college, established in 1892 by Raja Girish Chandra Roy to promote modern learning amid limited infrastructure. Its persistence through early financial and logistical hurdles helped expand access to intermediate and degree-level studies, contributing to the development of northeastern during the colonial and post-independence eras. By producing graduates who entered , academia, and local governance, the institution has supported formation in an area historically underserved by formal education systems. The college's legacy extends to cultural and national contributions, with students actively participating in the 1952 and the 1971 Liberation War, embedding it in Bangladesh's independence narrative and fostering among . initiatives, such as funding advanced facilities like a biomedical lab, demonstrate ongoing societal returns from its educational outputs. Criticisms of its broader impact center on infrastructural decay and resource constraints that undermine long-term efficacy. Historic buildings, completed by , are now deteriorating, posing safety risks and diminishing the campus's role as an inspiring educational landmark. As of October 2025, only 3.91% of students have access, compounded by shortages and non-functional amenities like the canteen, which limit enrollment scalability and equitable opportunity in a prone to disruptions such as annual floods. These shortcomings, rooted in chronic underfunding typical of institutions in , constrain the college's potential to sustain transformative community influence despite its pioneering status.

References

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  11. https://www.newagebd.net/article/196666/students-address-diverse-issues-at-campus-theatre-fest
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  34. https://ugc.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/ugc.portal.gov.bd/publications/c768558c_2126_41c5_83ab_4a17004eb1af/2020-10-20-10-45-e20b0b095947032e58b70c32314be187.pdf
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