Magarites

The Magharians (Arabic: Al-Maghariyyah, 'people of the caves')^[1] or Maghāriya were, according to Jacob Qirqisani, a pre-Christian and proto-Gnostic Jewish sect founded in the 1st century BCE.

The group apparently earned its name because it stored its books in caves, including the writings of an individual known as "the Alexandrinian" and a later work called Sefer Yadu'a. It possessed peculiar commentaries on the Bible and, in contrast to the Sadducees, rejected all anthropomorphic representations of God. The Magharians believed that God, being too sublime to interact with matter directly, created the world through an intermediary power—an angel who acted as God's representative (see demiurge and Ptahil). The sect attributed all anthropomorphic expressions about God found in the Bible to this angel, including communications to prophets.

Abraham Harkavy and others identify the Magharians with the Essenes, and the author referred to as the "Alexandrinian" with Philo (whose affinity for the Essenes is well-known), based on the following evidence:^[1][2]

1. The sect's name, which, in his view, does not refer to its books but to its followers who lived in caves or desert areas—an established Essene lifestyle;
2. The sect's founding date coinciding with that of the Essenes;
3. The angelic theory aligning with Essene beliefs, as well as Philo's concept of the Logos;
4. Qirqisani's omission of the Essenes from his list of Jewish sects, which can be explained if he considered the Magharians to be synonymous with the Essenes.

Harkavy and others sometimes identify them with the Therapeutae.^[3][4][5]

1. ^ ^{a b} Schiffman, Lawrence H.; VanderKam, James C., eds. (2000). "Magharians". Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-508450-4.
2. ^ Harkavy, Abraham. "Le-Ḳorot ha-Kittot be-Yisrael". In Grätz, Heinrich (ed.). Geschichte der Juden (in Hebrew). Vol. iii. p. 496.
3. ^ "MAGHARIYYAH, AL-". Jewish Encyclopedia.
4. ^ Stuckenbruck, Loren T.; Gurtner, Daniel M. (2019-12-26). T&T Clark Encyclopedia of Second Temple Judaism Volume Two. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-567-66095-4.
5. ^ Hastings, James (1957). Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics. Scribner.

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; Broydé, Isaac (1904). "Maghariyyah, Al-". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. Vol. 8. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 254–255.

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