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Martin Griffiths
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Martin Griffiths
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Martin Griffiths (born 3 July 1951) is a British diplomat who served as Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator at the United Nations from 2021 to 2024.[1][2]

Key Information

Early life and education

[edit]

Born in Colombo, Sri Lanka,[3] Griffiths was educated at Leighton Park School and the University of Sussex. He holds a Master's degree in Southeast Asian Studies from the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London and is a qualified barrister.[4] He speaks French and English.[5]

Career

[edit]
Griffiths meets with U.S. Secretary of State Michael R. Pompeo at the U.S. Department of State in Washington, D.C., on March 14, 2019.

Griffiths was a career diplomat at the UK's Foreign and Commonwealth Office and is an experienced conflict mediator.[3] He previously served as the first executive director of the European Institute of Peace from 2016 to September 2018.[6] In 1999, he helped launch the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue in Geneva. He has also worked for Save The Children, Action Aid and UNICEF and has worked as an advisor to multiple United Nations Syria envoys.[3]

From 2018 to 2021 he served as the United Nations Special Envoy for Yemen at the Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Yemen.[7] In February 2021 he visited Iran in an attempt to find a political solution to the Yemeni Civil War.[8]

On 12 May 2021, the United Nations Secretary-General, António Guterres, announced that he had appointed Griffiths as Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator at the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, succeeding fellow Briton Mark Lowcock.[9]

In February 2024, Griffiths expressed skepticism toward Israel's military aims in the Gaza war, questioning its ability to resolve its conflict with Hamas militarily. Griffiths said that, from the perspective of the UN aid office, “Hamas is not a terrorist group for us, as you know, it is a political movement" and that "it is very very difficult to dislodge these groups without a negotiated solution; which includes their aspirations. I cannot think of an example offhand of a place where a victory through warfare has succeeded against a well-entrenched group, terrorist or otherwise.”[10]

In March 2024, Griffiths stated he was appalled by the Al-Rashid humanitarian aid incident, saying, "Life is draining out of Gaza at terrifying speed."[11]

On 25 March 2024, Griffiths announced that he was leaving his post at the United Nations for health reasons.[12] He retired on 1 July 2024 and was succeeded by fellow Briton Thomas Fletcher.[13]

In November 2024, Griffiths was awarded an honorary degree by University of Galway for services to peace-keeping and diplomacy.

In March 2025, Griffiths was made an Honorary Research Associate of the Humanitarian Learning Centre at the Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex.[14]

In May 2025, Griffiths called the situation in Gaza a genocide, saying "I think now we've got to the point this is unequivocal."[15]

References

[edit]
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Martin Griffiths

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Martin Griffiths is a British and humanitarian with extensive experience in international mediation and crisis response. He served as United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator from July 2021 to June 2024, leading the coordination of global aid efforts amid escalating crises including those in , , and . Prior to this role, Griffiths was appointed United Nations Special Envoy for in 2018, where he pursued diplomatic efforts to end the conflict, including facilitating the Stockholm Agreement between conflict parties to address humanitarian access and prisoner exchanges in key ports and cities like Hodeidah. His earlier career included serving as the founding Director of the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue in from 2002 to 2012, focusing on preventive and conflict resolution, and as the first Executive Director of the European Institute of Peace from 2014 to 2018, which promotes non-military approaches to . Griffiths began his humanitarian work as a frontline worker and held various positions, such as Regional Director for Asia and the Pacific in the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs from 1995 to 1999, and Deputy Executive Director of the United Nations Office for Project Services from 2012 to 2014. Throughout his tenure in high-level roles, he emphasized the limitations of humanitarian action in the face of geopolitical failures, critiquing for prioritizing violence over in conflicts like and , where he also advised special envoys. His efforts in , while yielding partial agreements, faced challenges from ongoing hostilities and questions about the impartiality of UN mediation, including unverified claims of prior intelligence ties.

Personal Background

Early life and education

Martin Griffiths was born on 3 July 1951 in Colombo, Sri Lanka. His family background included exposure to regional conflicts, such as the Indo-China War during his early years. Griffiths received his secondary education at Leighton Park School, a Quaker institution in Reading, Berkshire, England. He then attended the University of Sussex, graduating in 1968 with a degree from its School of African and Asian Studies. Subsequently, he earned a Master of Arts in Southeast Asian studies from the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London and qualified as a teacher.

Diplomatic and UN Career

Early professional roles and UN entry

Martin Griffiths initiated his humanitarian work in 1979 as a frontline aid worker with during the Thai-Cambodia border operation. He later joined the British diplomatic service, serving for six years in roles that provided foundational experience in and conflict zones. Prior to his United Nations involvement, Griffiths also held senior positions with , focusing on emergency response and child welfare in various global crises. These early roles emphasized practical fieldwork and organizational leadership in humanitarian contexts, building his expertise in aid coordination amid geopolitical instability. Griffiths entered the United Nations in 1994 as Director of the Department of Humanitarian Affairs (DHA) in Geneva, overseeing global humanitarian policy and operations during a period when the DHA coordinated responses to complex emergencies. In this capacity, he managed inter-agency efforts until 1997, when the DHA evolved into the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). His appointment marked the transition from bilateral and NGO-based work to multilateral leadership within the UN framework, leveraging prior diplomatic and field experience to address escalating post-Cold War humanitarian demands.

Engagements in Syria and other conflicts

In 2012, Griffiths served as Deputy Head of the Supervision Mission in (UNSMIS), which was established by Security Council Resolution 2043 on 21 April 2012 to monitor the cessation of armed violence and the implementation of Kofi Annan's six-point peace plan amid the escalating . The mission, comprising up to 300 unarmed military observers and civilian staff, deployed to key areas including , , and to verify compliance with the agreed on 12 April 2012, though persistent violations by government forces and opposition groups limited its effectiveness, leading to its suspension of most activities by June 2012 due to deteriorating security. Griffiths' role involved coordinating observer deployments and reporting on humanitarian access impediments, during a period when over 80,000 civilians had been displaced and thousands killed since March 2011. From 2012 to 2014, Griffiths acted as a special adviser to successive UN Special Envoys for Syria—Kofi Annan, Lakhdar Brahimi, and Staffan de Mistura—providing counsel on mediation strategies amid stalled Geneva II talks and the regime's chemical weapons use, confirmed by UN investigations in 2013. His advisory work focused on facilitating intra-Syrian dialogues and humanitarian corridors, though efforts yielded limited progress as the conflict intensified, with opposition fragmentation and Russian-Iranian support bolstering the Assad government. Griffiths later reflected on these years as foundational to understanding Syria's entrenched divisions, emphasizing the need for inclusive negotiations despite geopolitical vetoes in the Security Council. Beyond , Griffiths engaged in conflict resolution across multiple theaters through his founding role at Inter Mediate, a UK-based NGO established in specializing in with non-state armed groups. In , he managed sensitive contacts with militias during the 2011 post-Gaddafi transition and subsequent instability, aiming to prevent escalation via preventive diplomacy. Earlier, in the 1990s, he contributed to peace processes as part of UN humanitarian operations, coordinating aid amid militias' campaigns that displaced over 1.5 million by 2004. In , Griffiths supported Track II s with ethnic armed organizations in the 2000s, addressing ceasefires in Kayin and , though ethnic conflicts persisted with over 700,000 internally displaced as of 2010. These efforts underscored his approach of engaging spoilers directly, often bypassing formal state channels to build de-escalation pathways, though outcomes varied due to external interventions and internal intransigence. Griffiths' pre-Yemen portfolio also included humanitarian diplomacy in Afghanistan, where he responded to post-2001 emergencies as a senior UN official, facilitating aid deliveries amid Taliban resurgence and NATO operations that displaced 1.2 million by 2010. In Sri Lanka, during his UNICEF tenure from 1978 to 1981, he oversaw child protection programs in the Tamil-majority north amid emerging LTTE insurgency, predating the 1983-2009 civil war that claimed 100,000 lives. These roles honed his expertise in protracted conflicts, prioritizing empirical assessments of local dynamics over ideological frameworks, with verifiable impacts including scaled-up refugee support but persistent challenges from sovereignty disputes and aid politicization.

Special Envoy for Yemen

Martin Griffiths served as the Special Envoy for from March 2018 to June 2021, appointed on 16 February 2018 by Secretary-General to succeed Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed. His mandate centered on advancing intra-Yemeni negotiations to end the conflict between the internationally recognized government, backed by a Saudi-led , and Houthi forces supported by , amid a displacing millions and causing widespread risks. Griffiths' primary initiative was the Stockholm Agreement, signed on 13 December 2018 by Yemeni government and Houthi representatives, which included a and mutual redeployment of forces in the port city of Hodeidah, a framework for prisoner exchanges involving over 15,000 detainees, and a statement of understanding to improve access in . Initial implementation saw Houthi withdrawals from three Red Sea ports in early and phased prisoner releases totaling around 1,500 individuals by late 2020, though supervised by UN mechanisms under Security Council Resolution 2451. Griffiths described the accord as a "breakthrough" that demonstrated Yemeni parties' capacity for compromise, facilitating a temporary de-escalation in Hodeidah that averted immediate port closure threats. Despite these steps, broader mediation efforts faltered, with planned comprehensive peace talks in (September 2018) and elsewhere collapsing due to preconditions from Houthi representatives and ongoing military offensives, including the government's resignation of Foreign Minister Khaled al-Yamani in 2019 over perceived UN leniency in enforcing Hodeidah compliance. Ceasefire violations persisted, with Hodeidah seeing intermittent clashes and no full redeployment by the supervisory committee's deadlines, contributing to stalled political processes and intensified coalition airstrikes. Critics, including Yemeni government advisors, accused Griffiths of inadequate pressure on Houthis, prompting calls for his in 2020. Griffiths departed the role in June 2021 to assume the position of Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs, succeeded by Hans Grundberg, after expressing "deep regret" for failing to secure a nationwide or convene inclusive political talks despite intensified UN engagement with Yemeni factions and regional stakeholders. The tenure, marking the third such envoy since , highlighted challenges in a proxy conflict, with no resolution to core territorial disputes or governance issues by 2021.

Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs

Martin Griffiths was appointed Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator by United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres on 12 May 2021, succeeding Mark Lowcock. In this capacity, he led the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), overseeing global coordination of emergency responses, advocating for humanitarian access, and mobilizing resources for crises affecting over 300 million people annually during his tenure. Griffiths assumed the role on 19 July 2021, bringing prior experience from his position as Special Envoy for Yemen. Throughout his term, Griffiths directed responses to major humanitarian emergencies, including the escalation in following Russia's full-scale in February 2022, where OCHA under his launched multi-billion-dollar appeals to millions displaced and in need. He also addressed the aftermath of the takeover in in August 2021, coordinating amid economic collapse and restrictions on women, while pushing for sustained international funding despite shortfalls. In , Griffiths continued advocacy for de-escalation and access, urging the UN Security Council to prioritize amid ongoing conflict that displaced millions. Additional efforts focused on , Gaza, and protracted crises like and , with Griffiths emphasizing dialogue amid geopolitical divisions that hampered resolutions. Griffiths launched the Global Humanitarian Overview in December 2023, appealing for $46.4 billion to support 180 million people in 72 countries, highlighting underfunding and access barriers as persistent challenges. He conducted field visits, such as to Myanmar's , to press for expanded aid delivery. In May 2024, at the Global Security Forum, he stressed OCHA's role in navigating strategic competition while protecting civilians. Griffiths stepped down from the position on 1 July , citing health reasons after contracting in late 2023, which exacerbated underlying conditions at age 72. In reflections, he expressed regret that global conditions had worsened since 2021, attributing it to leaders' failures in pursuing non-violent paths and unconditional support for wartime allies. His departure was noted for diplomatic bridge-building, though critiques pointed to insufficient progress in chronic conflicts.

Controversies and Criticisms

Yemen mediation shortcomings

Martin Griffiths served as Special Envoy for from April 2018 to July 2021, tasked with facilitating peace negotiations amid a conflict that had displaced millions and exacerbated the world's worst . Despite initial that helped avert a full-scale assault on Hodeidah in 2018, his tenure yielded no comprehensive cease-fire or political settlement, with talks repeatedly collapsing due to irreconcilable demands from the Houthis (Ansar ) and the Yemeni government backed by the Saudi-led coalition. Griffiths himself acknowledged this in a June 15, 2021, briefing to the UN Security Council, expressing "deep regret" over the failure to mediate a nationwide truce and describing 's trajectory as "a tale of missed and then lost opportunities" after five years without progress. Key setbacks included the December 2018 Stockholm Agreement, which Griffiths helped implement but which faltered on economic and military provisions, such as prisoner exchanges and access, leaving core issues like power-sharing unresolved. In September 2018, intra-Yemeni talks in collapsed when Houthi delegates failed to attend, with Griffiths admitting the UN had not "made conditions sufficiently correct" to secure their participation, highlighting persistent Houthi preconditions like demands for airstrikes to cease without reciprocity. By 2021, efforts for a "joint declaration" on humanitarian measures and a cease-fire stalled, as Houthis framed port and airport access as non-negotiable humanitarian imperatives separate from broader talks, while refusing direct engagement with government representatives. These dynamics perpetuated a fragmented , with over 4 million internally displaced and risks affecting 16 million by mid-2021, underscoring mediation's inability to address root causes like Houthi territorial expansion and blockades. Criticisms of Griffiths' approach centered on perceived impartiality deficits and strategic missteps. Yemeni government officials and supporters accused him of bias toward the Houthis, citing his opposition to their terrorist designation in January 2021 and failure to condemn their repeated walkouts, such as a May 2021 refusal to meet that Griffiths publicly critiqued but could not overcome. Conversely, Houthi-aligned voices in Sana'a lambasted him for ignoring the Saudi-led "aggression and ," viewing his focus on sub-national truces as pressure tactics that sidestepped accountability for actions. Analysts noted structural flaws, including Griffiths' over-reliance on without leveraging UN Security Council enforcement, amid veto powers shielding key backers like (Houthi supporter) and . His departure in July 2021, transitioning to UN humanitarian chief without a breakthrough, left Yemen's conflict entrenched, with over 233,000 direct deaths by war's indirect toll exceeding 377,000, per UN estimates, as proved insufficient against parties' maximalist positions and external influences.

Myanmar and other failed interventions

In August 2023, Martin Griffiths, serving as Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs, visited amid the ongoing following the 2021 military coup, meeting with junta leader and urging expanded humanitarian access and increased donor funding to address needs affecting an estimated 18 million people. The trip, however, drew sharp rebukes from Myanmar-focused civil society organizations, who argued it yielded no concrete improvements in aid delivery, overlooked local networks capable of independent operations, and inadvertently provided propaganda value to the junta without pressuring for political concessions or severing . Critics, including reports from independent advisory bodies, highlighted the UN's broader systemic challenges in , such as over-reliance on junta-controlled channels that restricted access to conflict zones and failed to leverage resistance-held areas effectively, contributing to perceptions of humanitarian efforts as inadequate against escalating violence and displacement. Griffiths' tenure also faced scrutiny in other protracted crises where UN humanitarian coordination under his leadership struggled with access barriers and delivery shortfalls. In northwest , following the February 2023 earthquakes that killed over 50,000 and displaced millions, Griffiths publicly apologized for the UN's delays in provision, admitting that affected populations "rightly feel abandoned" due to bureaucratic hurdles, regime obstructions, and slow cross-border mechanisms, which exacerbated suffering in opposition-held areas. Similarly, in after the 2021 takeover, Griffiths engaged directly with officials in December 2022 and 2023 to negotiate exemptions for workers amid bans that compromised program implementation, but these efforts yielded limited compliance, with restrictions persisting and hindering to women and girls in a country facing acute food insecurity for over half its population. Observers noted that such interventions, constrained by UN neutrality principles requiring coordination with authorities, often prioritized operational continuity over challenging restrictive policies, leading to accusations of insufficient for unrestricted access and local empowerment. These cases underscored recurring critiques of Griffiths' approach: while emphasizing diplomatic engagement to sustain flows, outcomes frequently fell short of scaling amid authoritarian controls and gaps, with only partial in averting or mass displacement despite appeals for billions in international support. In reflecting on his 2021–2024 term, Griffiths himself acknowledged a "sense of work unfulfilled," attributing broader failures to global political divisions rather than solely UN mechanisms, though detractors argued this downplayed internal coordination lapses and over-dependence on state permissions in non-permissive environments.

Recent statements on Gaza and genocide claims

In May 2025, following his departure from the , Griffiths stated that was committing in Gaza, marking a shift from his more restrained official rhetoric during his tenure as Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs. He described the situation as involving "extermination" through deliberate deprivation of essentials like food and water, echoing patterns of conduct that infer genocidal intent under , though such assertions remain contested amid 's denials and ongoing proceedings initiated by in December 2023. By June 2025, Griffiths reiterated this view in public commentary, labeling the Gaza crisis as and emphasizing the scale of suffering, including over 40,000 reported Palestinian deaths by mid-2025 according to Gaza health authorities, amid restricted humanitarian access and infrastructure destruction. In a July 2025 interview, he affirmed, "I am absolutely convinced that what's going on in Gaza is a , because the thing speaks for itself," framing it as the "worst crime of the " due to the intensity of , blockades, and resulting affecting hundreds of thousands, particularly children. These post-UN pronouncements contrasted with Griffiths' earlier official statements, where he highlighted Gaza's humanitarian catastrophe—such as the risk of man-made affecting 1.1 million people by April 2024 and the displacement of nearly 1.9 million residents—without invoking the label, instead urging compliance with provisional measures from January 2024 to prevent genocidal acts and ensure aid delivery. Critics, including Israeli officials, have challenged such characterizations as inflammatory and overlooking Hamas's role in initiating the , 2023, attacks that killed 1,200 and took over 250 hostages, while UN data under Griffiths consistently reported disproportionate civilian impacts without equivalent scrutiny of militant embedding in populated areas. Griffiths' genocide claims have drawn support from humanitarian advocates but faced pushback for potentially conflating wartime casualties with legal intent requirements under the 1948 , which demands proof of specific aim to destroy a group in whole or part; empirical analyses, such as those from the UN's own for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, document aid impediments but attribute many operational failures to security constraints and governance rather than systematic extermination policy. The statements reflect a broader pattern in UN humanitarian discourse, where institutional pressures may amplify Palestinian victimhood narratives over balanced causal assessment of combat dynamics.

Legacy and Later Activities

Achievements in humanitarian diplomacy

Griffiths founded the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD) in Geneva in 1999, establishing it as the world's largest private diplomacy organization focused on humanitarian mediation between governments and armed groups across Africa, Asia, and beyond. Under his directorship until 2010, HD facilitated discreet talks leading to localized ceasefires and humanitarian access agreements in protracted conflicts, emphasizing neutral, track-two diplomacy to de-escalate violence without formal peace treaties. As UN Special Envoy for Yemen from April 2018 to 2021, Griffiths orchestrated the Stockholm Agreement signed on December 13, 2018, between Houthi representatives and the Yemeni government, which secured a around the vital Hodeidah port, provisions for prisoner exchanges involving over 15,000 detainees, and improved access to city for aid and civilians. This deal temporarily halted major fighting in a key economic lifeline, enabling the UN to oversee port operations and facilitating the withdrawal of Houthi forces from three ports by May 2019 as initial implementation steps. In his role as Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator from July 2021 to June 2024, Griffiths negotiated the in July 2022 (operational from July 2023 under UN auspices), which allowed to export over 33 million metric tons of grain through safe maritime corridors until its pause in July 2023, averting deeper global food price spikes amid the Russia- war. He also mediated Sudan's Declaration to Protect Civilians and Ensure Humanitarian Access in November 2023, signed by the and , committing both sides to facilitate aid delivery and safeguard non-combatants in a conflict displacing over 10 million by late 2023. Additionally, Griffiths sustained humanitarian cross-border operations into post-2021 Security Council mandate renewal challenges, coordinating convoys that delivered aid to millions in northwest quarterly through 2024.

Post-UN engagements and health-related departure

Martin Griffiths concluded his tenure as Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs on 1 July 2024, following an announcement on 25 March 2024 that he would step down at the end of June due to unspecified health reasons. His departure came after nearly three years in the role, during which he oversaw responses to escalating crises including those in Gaza, , and . Since retiring from the United Nations, Griffiths has relocated to live full-time in and maintained involvement in public discourse on humanitarian affairs and international diplomacy. In an August 2025 opinion piece for , he urged the —approaching its 80th anniversary—to reclaim a bolder stance amid ongoing conflicts in , , and , critiquing institutional caution while praising its historical strengths. He has also participated in discussions on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, including a September 2025 engagement highlighting its profound human toll. Griffiths continues to contribute through scheduled addresses and interviews, such as his selection to deliver the 2025 Kofi Annan Geneva Peace Address, announced on 8 September 2025, drawing on his prior experience founding the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue and the European Institute of Peace. In a 2025 interview with Al Majalla, he described the situation in Gaza as , calling for factual acknowledgment of events. A September 2025 interview with Geneva Solutions reinforced his view that the UN must not retreat from global challenges despite institutional hurdles. These activities reflect a shift to advisory and reflective roles outside formal UN structures, though no permanent positions in new organizations have been reported as of October 2025.

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  66. https://www.un.org/unispal/document/ocha-statement-rafah-30april2024/
  67. https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/war-gaza-must-end-statement-martin-griffiths-under-secretary-general-humanitarian-affairs-and-emergency-relief-coordinator-5-january-2024-enhear
  68. https://dohaforum.org/2024/speakers/martin-griffiths-01
  69. https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2018/12/19/the-good-and-the-bad-in-the-new-peace-agreement-on-yemen
  70. https://media.un.org/avlibrary/en/asset/d239/d2394165
  71. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/un-humanitarian-chief-martin-griffiths-is-stepping-down-for-health-reasons
  72. https://genevasolutions.news/peace-humanitarian/ex-un-aid-chief-martin-griffiths-this-is-no-time-for-the-un-to-retreat
  73. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/vincent-fean-5863a3129_with-martin-griffiths-former-un-humanitarian-activity-7369251032876417026-4aBk
  74. https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/news/martin-griffiths-to-deliver-2025-kofi-annan-geneva-peace-address/
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