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Polybutylene
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Polybutylene
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Polybutene-1 (PB-1), also referred to as polybutylene, is a highly isotactic thermoplastic polyolefin synthesized through the polymerization of 1-butene monomers using Ziegler-Natta catalysts.[1][2] With a density of approximately 0.92 g/cm³, it demonstrates superior mechanical strength, long-term creep resistance, flexibility, and resistance to environmental stress cracking, properties that render it advantageous for demanding applications.[1] PB-1 finds primary use in pressurized hot and cold water piping systems, as well as in extrusion and injection molding for items like films, sealants, and underfloor heating components.[1] Despite these attributes, polybutylene gained infamy in North American contexts from 1978 to 1995, when pipes made from the material failed extensively due to oxidative embrittlement induced by hot chlorinated municipal water interacting with tertiary C-H bonds and depleted antioxidants, compounded by polymorphic crystallization inconsistencies that created stress points.[3] These defects precipitated leaks, structural damage in millions of homes, and class-action litigation culminating in over $1 billion in manufacturer settlements, leading to the withdrawal of relevant standards and cessation of production for potable water plumbing in affected markets.[3]
