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Racism in Chile
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Racism in Chile
Racism in Chile encompasses any type of racial or ethnic discrimination by a group of inhabitants or organizations of that country against groups from other nations or the same nation. The origins of Chilean racism, and that of other Latin American nations, can be traced back to 16th century colonialism under the rule of the Spanish Empire. In the establishment of imperial rule, Native Americans experienced extermination, slavery and forced miscegenation.
In Chile, Mapuches and Mestizos have been the primary victims of racism and ethnic discrimination. Other groups such as South American immigrants (Bolivian, Peruvian, and Colombian), black people, afro descendants, and Muslims are also included. Discrimination exists on many different levels, on the basis of culture, economic status, age, geography, as well as gender and sexuality.
In academia, studies surrounding racism in Chile have only just recently been looked at profoundly. Before 2010, there was little research surrounding racism in the country.
With a significant racist mentality,[who?] the conquest of the territories of Bolivia and Peru in the 19th century was justified. During the War of the Pacific, Chilean state actors described those of their nationality as representatives of the superior white race, conquering the "inferior" lower race.
Between the second half of the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century, what was called the Selkʼnam genocide took place, where European, Argentine and Chilean settlers exterminated the Selkʼnam or Ona people, an Amerindian people who inhabited the Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, in the extreme south of the country. This genocide had both economic and racist reasons in between.
This attitude was maintained in the Pinochet-led dictatorship, which remained in power until 1990, an example of that is that the Chilean admiral José Toribio Merino described the Bolivians as "metamorphic representatives of the camel".
Despite the significant dismissal of the local population, Chileans still have widespread neglect[clarification needed] of the indigenous population, particularly the Mapuche, who have been distinguished by considerable opposition.[clarification needed]
Due to the early ban of slavery after Chile's independence and the previous few black slaves during the Spanish rule, Chile had almost no black population.[dubious – discuss] Since the end of the military dictatorship, the first immigrants arrived, but few were of African ancestry, being most of them from neighbour countries like Peru. In 2014, for the first time a bigger group of black migrants arrived in Chile and created a diaspora mainly from Haiti. Neo-Nazi movements chasing black people in the country were recorded in the 90's and early 00's, but they targeted mainly LGBT, homeless and punks due to the lack of black people at the time.
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Racism in Chile
Racism in Chile encompasses any type of racial or ethnic discrimination by a group of inhabitants or organizations of that country against groups from other nations or the same nation. The origins of Chilean racism, and that of other Latin American nations, can be traced back to 16th century colonialism under the rule of the Spanish Empire. In the establishment of imperial rule, Native Americans experienced extermination, slavery and forced miscegenation.
In Chile, Mapuches and Mestizos have been the primary victims of racism and ethnic discrimination. Other groups such as South American immigrants (Bolivian, Peruvian, and Colombian), black people, afro descendants, and Muslims are also included. Discrimination exists on many different levels, on the basis of culture, economic status, age, geography, as well as gender and sexuality.
In academia, studies surrounding racism in Chile have only just recently been looked at profoundly. Before 2010, there was little research surrounding racism in the country.
With a significant racist mentality,[who?] the conquest of the territories of Bolivia and Peru in the 19th century was justified. During the War of the Pacific, Chilean state actors described those of their nationality as representatives of the superior white race, conquering the "inferior" lower race.
Between the second half of the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century, what was called the Selkʼnam genocide took place, where European, Argentine and Chilean settlers exterminated the Selkʼnam or Ona people, an Amerindian people who inhabited the Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, in the extreme south of the country. This genocide had both economic and racist reasons in between.
This attitude was maintained in the Pinochet-led dictatorship, which remained in power until 1990, an example of that is that the Chilean admiral José Toribio Merino described the Bolivians as "metamorphic representatives of the camel".
Despite the significant dismissal of the local population, Chileans still have widespread neglect[clarification needed] of the indigenous population, particularly the Mapuche, who have been distinguished by considerable opposition.[clarification needed]
Due to the early ban of slavery after Chile's independence and the previous few black slaves during the Spanish rule, Chile had almost no black population.[dubious – discuss] Since the end of the military dictatorship, the first immigrants arrived, but few were of African ancestry, being most of them from neighbour countries like Peru. In 2014, for the first time a bigger group of black migrants arrived in Chile and created a diaspora mainly from Haiti. Neo-Nazi movements chasing black people in the country were recorded in the 90's and early 00's, but they targeted mainly LGBT, homeless and punks due to the lack of black people at the time.