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Sandra Samuel
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Sandra Samuel
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Sandra Samuel (born c. 1964) is an Indian nanny who gained international recognition for rescuing a two-year-old Jewish boy named Moshe Holtzberg in Mumbai, India, during the 2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks.[1] Samuel was employed as a caretaker at a Jewish outreach centre known as the Nariman House, which was targeted by Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT). Both of Holtzberg's parents were killed by LeT militants during the attack on the building.[2] Following the incident, Samuel relocated to Israel with Holtzberg and was accorded permanent residency and honorary Israeli citizenship in 2010.[3] Samuel resides in West Jerusalem and works at the local centre of ALEH, an Israeli foundation that provides rehabilitation services for disabled children and adults.[4]

Key Information

Background

[edit]

Samuel had been living in the Mumbai Chabad House and working for Rabbi Gavriel Holtzberg and his wife, Rivka, since 2003. The Holtzbergs were the Israel-born directors of the house run by the global Orthodox Jewish Chabad movement. Samuel had been the nanny caring for the Holtzbergs' son Moshe since his birth.[5] Samuel stated that she called them "my rabbi" and "my Rivki." When she started working there in 2003, it was expected to be a temporary job but she stated that she was "so captivated by their generous, courageous spirits" that she stayed on. When Moshe was born, she took the role of nanny.[6]

In June 2008, her husband, John, a Keralite who worked as a mechanic, died suddenly in his sleep of an undiagnosed illness. She has two sons, Martin and Jackson, who were aged 18 and 25 at the time of the attack. She is a Christian. Samuel's family was originally from Goa but she lived most of her life in Mumbai.[7][8][9]

Attack on the Nariman House

[edit]

On 26 November 2008, as the Mumbai attacks began, a group of attackers entered the Chabad house and began shooting at everyone inside. Samuel heard gunshots and locked herself in a laundry room as she heard Rivka screaming. Later, she heard Moshe calling out her name and crying. After emerging from the room and running upstairs, she found Gavriel and Rivka motionless and covered in blood with Moshe crying beside them, his pants drenched in blood. With the attackers still inside, Samuel said she grabbed Moshe and ran from the building along with Qazi Zakir Hussain, an employee of Nariman House.[10][11] Later, when Indian commando teams stormed the house, it was confirmed that Gavriel and Rivka were among the 173 people killed in the attacks, and that Moshe was now an orphan.[12]

After the attack

[edit]

The Chabad movement's leaders decided Moshe should not stay in India and that he would be relocated to Israel where he has family. However, the movement insisted that Samuel be allowed to come with him, because, as a Chabad spokesperson stated: "At this point she's the only one the boy is responding to."[13] Although Samuel had no passport, Moshe's grand uncle, Rabbi Yitzchak Dovid Grossman, helped arrange for her to get a visa to come to Israel with Holtzberg to help him start his new life. The Israeli government under Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni granted Samuel a special visa offering immigration status. They left India for Israel shortly after attending Moshe's parents' funeral.[12][14]

On 4 December 2008, Samuel gave an interview with CNN in which she said she sees no heroism in her actions and that she wishes she could have been able to help more people, especially Moshe's parents. She stated that she continued to have nightmares of the attacks. Samuel told an interviewer, "They said it is important I am here [in Israel]. Me, I just take care of the baby." When asked about her plans for the future, Samuel said she would stay in Israel for as long as Moshe needs her.[15] She stated that "No one knows how much Moshe saw, or how much he knows. His back is bruised where terrorists hit him. Now I want to see that this baby who has been given in my care, he grows big, brave like his [dad]."[16] Samuel says she wants to be with Moshe until he "grows big" and that "By God's grace I hope I am there to see it. That's it. All my blessings to my Moshe baby."[17]

Samuel later revealed that she was not supposed to be at the Chabad house that evening because she usually visited one of her sons on Wednesday evenings. She stated that "God kept me there because God already knew what would happen."[18]

In a subsequent interview, Samuel stated that Moshe Holtzberg is happy again, and that he "is like a normal kid, just enjoying himself. He has gotten used to other people surrounding him. He loves it here. He is in very good condition, just like normal. He is having his breakfast, lunch and snacks and he sleeps very well now." She added that he no longer cries out for his parents: "He is not even asking for them now because he is too happy. He loves it here. He has swings, a garden, a see-saw."[18]

Samuel and Holtzberg initially stayed with Rabbi Grossman after arriving in Israel. However, they later moved to Afula to live with his maternal grandparents.[18]

In early December 2008, fifth-graders at Solomon Schecter Day School in Jericho, New York, wrote individual letters to Samuel to thank her for saving Holtzberg's life. The students cited Samuel's heroism based on the Jewish tradition that "one who saves one person is like one who saves the whole world."[19][20][21]

Awards

[edit]

Esfira Maiman Women Rescuers Medal

[edit]

On 30 November 2008, the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation, at a special session, unanimously voted to grant Sandra Samuel the Esfira Maiman Women Rescuers Medal in recognition of her bravery. The foundation stated that "Sandra has taught us two lessons of cardinal importance. The first one is that human solidarity is agnostic to race and religion. The second lesson, not less important, is that rescuers are still very much relevant nowadays, as they were more than six decades ago."[22]

Citizenship

[edit]

Samuel was awarded permanent resident status and honorary Israeli citizenship on 13 September 2010.[23][24]

Righteous Among the Nations

[edit]

Samuel was honored by the government of Israel with the title of Righteous among the Nations, the highest award given to non-jews.[24]

References

[edit]
[edit]
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Sandra Samuel

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from Grokipedia
Sandra Samuel is an Indian caregiver who, during the November 2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks, rescued two-year-old Moshe Holtzberg from the besieged after his parents, Gavriel and Rivka Holtzberg, were murdered by militants. Employed as the family's nanny since Moshe's birth, Samuel hid with the child amid the gunfire and escaped when commandos arrived, carrying him to safety despite the ongoing . Following the attack, she relocated to to continue caring for Moshe, who was orphaned, and was granted honorary Israeli citizenship in 2010 in recognition of her selflessness. Samuel, a Christian from the southern Indian state of , received international acclaim for her bravery, including the American Jewish Committee's Award in 2018 and commendations from Jewish organizations for acting as a "Righteous ." Her actions exemplified personal courage amid Islamist terrorism, prioritizing the child's survival over her own flight from the danger.

Early Life and Background

Origins and Family

Sandra Samuel was born around 1964 in , , to a Christian family with roots in the region. Accounts describe her as a Goan by birth, with ancestral ties potentially extending to southern , where early Christian communities trace their conversion to the apostle St. rather than later colonial influences. She relocated to early in life and resided there for decades, immersing herself in the city's multicultural environment as a longtime Mumbaikar. Samuel married John Samuel, a originally from who managed chronic . He died unexpectedly in June 2008 from a heart attack. The couple raised two sons, Martin and Jackson, who were young adults in their late teens and mid-twenties at the time of the November . Following her husband's death, Samuel supported her family through her employment as a .

Pre-Mumbai Career

Sandra Samuel was born circa 1964 in to a Christian with ancestral origins in southern , where her forebears converted voluntarily through the missionary work of St. rather than under Portuguese colonial influence. She relocated from to early in her adulthood, establishing residence there for the majority of her life prior to 2008. Public records provide limited details on any formal employment during her time in Goa, suggesting her professional experience prior to the move was likely informal or family-based, consistent with common patterns for individuals from similar socioeconomic backgrounds in the region.

Employment with the Holtzberg Family

Hiring and Daily Role

Sandra Samuel was hired in 2003 by Rabbi and his wife Rivka to serve as a housekeeper and cook at the located in Mumbai's . Following the birth of the couple's son Moshe on October 30, 2006, she assumed the additional role of his primary . Her daily duties encompassed preparing home-cooked kosher meals for the Holtzberg family, Chabad House residents, and visiting guests, as well as managing operations in the service kitchen. As Moshe's , Samuel was responsible for his personal care from infancy, including feeding, clothing, bathing, putting him to sleep, and general supervision amid the bustling environment of the Jewish outreach center. She lived on the premises, integrating into the household routine that supported the Holtzbergs' emissary work for the Chabad-Lubavitch movement.

Relationship with Moshe Holtzberg

Sandra Samuel assumed the role of primary caregiver for Moshe Holtzberg shortly after his birth in July 2006, providing daily nurturing and forming a deep, maternal bond with the at the Holtzberg family's residence in . Living alongside the family, Samuel integrated into their household dynamics, referring to Gavriel Holtzberg as "my rabbi" and Rivka Holtzberg as "my Rivki," which fostered an environment of mutual affection that extended to her interactions with Moshe. The Holtzbergs treated her not as a mere servant but as part of the family, enabling a close, trusting relationship where she attended to Moshe's needs with unwavering devotion. Moshe's attachment to Samuel was evident in his reliance on her for comfort and security, as demonstrated by his instinctive seeking of her presence amid distress. Samuel, in turn, viewed Moshe as her own child, prioritizing his well-being over her personal circumstances, including leaving her two sons in to continue caring for him post-trauma. This bond persisted beyond the immediate crisis, with Samuel affirming her lifelong commitment: "I will be with Moshe for as long as he needs me."

The 2008 Mumbai Terrorist Attacks

Context of the Lashkar-e-Taiba Siege

(LeT), a Pakistan-based Sunni Islamist militant group established in as an offshoot of the Markaz-ud-Dawa-wal-Irshad, has pursued jihadist objectives including the liberation of from Indian control and the establishment of Islamic rule across . Designated a terrorist organization by the since 2005 and by numerous governments, LeT maintains training camps in , recruits from madrasas and disenfranchised youth, and has received logistical support from elements within , despite official denials from . By the mid-2000s, LeT shifted from localized operations to international spectaculars, motivated by an ideology blending anti-Indian with global , including explicit anti-Semitism that framed as adversaries in a cosmic struggle. The Mumbai attacks' planning originated in LeT's headquarters around mid-2007, evolving into a sea-borne infiltration to bypass land borders and replicate tactics from prior naval raids. Key was conducted by dual U.S.-Pakistani citizen Headley, who made five trips to between 2006 and 2008, mapping targets like —a five-story building serving as the Lubavitch Jewish center—to exploit its symbolic value as a hub for Israeli and Western visitors amid LeT's aim to provoke communal Hindu-Muslim tensions and retaliate against perceived Jewish influence. Ten LeT fidayeen operatives, mostly in their early 20s and trained in marksmanship, urban combat, and explosives at camps near , departed on November 21, 2008, aboard a Pakistani vessel, hijacking the Indian trawler Kuber en route and landing near in after midnight on November 26. The attackers divided into five teams equipped with rifles, explosives, and grenades, launching simultaneous assaults starting around 9:40 p.m. on November 26 to maximize chaos across economic, transport, and cultural sites. The team, consisting of two terrorists identified as Babar Imran and Nasir, entered via the rear around 9:20 p.m., immediately killing residents and taking at least seven hostages, including couples and staff, while positioning for a defensive holdout to draw out Indian forces and amplify global media attention on anti-Jewish violence. Directed remotely by handlers in via VoIP and mobile phones—intercepts revealed commands like firing on responders—the siege exemplified LeT's command-and-control model, sustaining combat for 58 hours until commandos raided at 7:30 a.m. on November 28, killing the pair but resulting in nine total deaths at the site, including six . This operational blueprint, blending suicide commitment with tactical flexibility, inflicted 175 fatalities overall, underscoring LeT's capacity for high-impact, multi-domain terrorism beyond .

Events at Nariman House

On November 26, 2008, at approximately 9:45 p.m. local time, two terrorists affiliated with launched an attack on , a Lubavitch center in Mumbai's neighborhood, firing weapons and taking hostages inside the five-story building. Rabbi Gavriel Holtzberg, the center's director, managed a brief phone call to the Israeli consulate to report the intrusion and gunfire before the line was severed. Sandra Samuel, the Holtzberg family's live-in , along with another employee, barricaded themselves on the first floor amid the initial chaos of explosions and shooting. The following morning, November 27, during a temporary lull in the gunfire, Samuel heard the cries of two-year-old Moshe Holtzberg from the upper floors. She ascended to the fourth floor, where she discovered Moshe standing beside his unconscious parents, Gavriel and Rivkah Holtzberg; she quickly grabbed the child and fled down the stairs to relative safety on the lower level, shielding him from further harm. Moshe sustained no physical injuries but was found with bloodstains on his clothing, likely from proximity to his wounded parents. The siege at persisted for over 60 hours as part of the broader attacks, with terrorists holding positions and exchanging fire with security forces. It concluded on November 28, 2008, when Indian commandos conducted a helicopter-borne assault, neutralizing the two attackers. Upon clearing the building, rescuers recovered the bodies of six victims: Gavriel and Rivkah Holtzberg, Rabbi Bentzion Chroman, Leibish Teitelbaum, Nora Schwartzblatt-Rabinowitz, and Yocheved Orpaz, all killed by the terrorists. Samuel's actions enabled Moshe's survival as the sole uninjured minor present during the ordeal.

Rescue and Immediate Aftermath

Actions During the Attack

On November 26, 2008, as terrorists stormed , Sandra Samuel, then on the first floor preparing food, heard explosions and gunfire. She encountered a gunman who fired at her; dodging the shots, she slammed a door and barricaded herself in a storage to hide from the assailants. Throughout the night and into the following day, Samuel remained concealed, listening to intermittent bursts of what she described as hundreds of gunshots and detonations echoing through the building. The continued with terrorists active on upper floors and the roof, preventing any immediate escape. Approximately 12 to 24 hours after the initial assault, around 10:45 a.m. on , Samuel heard the cries of two-year-old Moshe Holtzberg emanating from the second floor. Despite the peril of terrorists still present in the structure, she emerged from hiding, ascended the stairs, and located Moshe standing beside the bodies of his parents, Gavriel and Rivka Holtzberg, drenched in their blood. Prioritizing the child's safety, Samuel seized Moshe and fled the building, navigating past potential threats to deliver him to rescuers outside, thereby extracting the sole survivor from the targeted center amid the ongoing operation.

Escape and Handover of Moshe

On November 27, 2008, after hiding in a barricaded storeroom on the ground floor of for over 12 hours amid ongoing gunfire and explosions from the attackers, Sandra Samuel heard the cries of two-year-old Moshe Holtzberg calling her name from the upper floor. She ventured upstairs, discovering Moshe beside the bodies of his parents, Rabbi Gavriel and Rivka Holtzberg, covered in their blood but unharmed. Grasping Moshe, Samuel fled down the stairs, encountering at least one terrorist who fired at her as she escaped the building around 10:45 a.m., evading detection despite militants remaining on the roof. In her account, she prioritized the child instinctively, stating, "First thing is that a baby is very important for me and this baby is something very precious to me and that's what made me just not think anything -- just pick up the baby and run." This occurred prior to the Guard's full storming of , which concluded the siege on November 28. Upon reaching safety outside, Samuel initially took Moshe to the nearby home of an Israeli consul for immediate protection. She then handed custody of the toddler to representatives of the local Chabad-Lubavitch community in , who facilitated his transfer to his maternal grandparents in shortly thereafter. Rabbi Yitzhak Dovid Grossman, Moshe's great-uncle, later coordinated aspects of his care upon arrival in , acknowledging Samuel's role while emphasizing family oversight.

Relocation to Israel and Integration

Accompaniment to Israel

Following the November 26, , Sandra Samuel accompanied two-year-old Moshe Holtzberg to on December 1, 2008, to join his maternal grandparents, Yehuda and Chana Holtzberg, in . Her decision stemmed from Moshe's immediate attachment to her as his primary caregiver and the only familiar figure he recognized amid trauma, rejecting others including his grandparents initially. Upon arrival, Samuel continued providing daily care, including feeding and comforting Moshe during his adjustment, while the family attended funerals for Rabbi and Rivka Holtzberg in . As a Christian widow from , , she left her two adult sons and prior life behind, relocating without formal status initially to ensure Moshe's emotional stability. This arrangement facilitated Moshe's gradual integration into Israeli society, with Samuel bridging cultural gaps by maintaining routines from his early years in . Samuel expressed commitment to remaining with Moshe until he reached adolescence, around age 16 or 18, prioritizing his needs over her own return to . By 2009, Moshe had begun thriving under her care alongside his grandparents, attending local and adapting to Hebrew-speaking environments, though Samuel's non-Hebrew proficiency required support for communication. Her presence underscored a cross-cultural bond, with Moshe referring to her as a maternal figure during early years in .

Acquisition of Honorary Citizenship

On September 13, 2010, Sandra Samuel was granted honorary Israeli citizenship and status by Interior Minister during a ceremony at Israel's Ministry of Interior, in recognition of her heroism in rescuing two-year-old Moshe Holtzberg from the besieged during the 2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks. The award included issuance of an , enabling her to legally reside and work in the country indefinitely, despite lacking a at the time of her initial relocation with Moshe in 2008. This honor formalized Samuel's commitment to Moshe's care, as she had relocated from two years prior, leaving behind her two adult sons and widowhood to continue her role as his in . Yishai presented her with a bravery certificate alongside the , praising her actions as a demonstration of self-sacrifice amid mortal danger from militants. The decision underscored Israel's policy of rewarding exceptional contributions to its citizens' safety, particularly in cases involving orphaned minors like Moshe, whose parents were killed in the attack.

Recognition and Honors

Righteous Among the Nations Designation

In recognition of her bravery in shielding and evacuating Moshe Holtzberg from the besieged Nariman House on November 26, 2008, Sandra Samuel received high praise from Jewish community leaders, including being termed a "righteous woman among nations" by Shimon Rosenberg, the child's maternal grandfather, during a 2010 ceremony in . This phrasing evoked the moral exemplar status associated with Yad Vashem's program, which formally honors non- who risked their lives to rescue Jews specifically during between 1939 and 1945; Samuel's actions, occurring over six decades later amid a terrorist siege, do not qualify under the program's strict historical criteria established by in 1953. The State of Israel instead conferred permanent resident status and upon Samuel on September 13, 2010, explicitly citing her life-saving intervention as grounds for the exceptional privileges, which allowed her to relocate and continue caring for Moshe. Eli presented the honors, emphasizing her selflessness in the face of Islamist militants affiliated with . While some media reports have described this as an award of the "" title by the Israeli government, such characterizations conflate the informal accolade with 's distinct Holocaust-era distinction, reflecting occasional journalistic imprecision rather than an official extension of the program. No record exists of Yad Vashem bestowing the medal, certificate, or commemorative tree-planting on Samuel's behalf in Jerusalem's Garden of the Righteous.

Other International Awards

In 2011, the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation presented Sandra Samuel with a special award recognizing her heroism in rescuing Moshe Holtzberg from the terrorists during the November 2008 siege of in . The foundation, dedicated to commemorating 's efforts to save Jews during , honored her for risking her life to shield and evacuate the toddler amid gunfire and hostage-taking. Samuel also received the Esfira Maiman Women Rescuers Medal, bestowed for her role in protecting a Jewish child from peril, aligning with recognitions for non- women who aided in times of crisis. In June 2018, at the American Jewish Committee's Global Forum in , Samuel was awarded the AJC Award for her bravery in the attacks and her subsequent care for Moshe, including accompanying him to . The award highlights individuals who demonstrate exceptional fortitude in defending human dignity against violence.

Later Life and Legacy

Ongoing Ties to Moshe Holtzberg

Following Moshe Holtzberg's relocation to in December 2008, Sandra Samuel maintained a close maternal bond with him, frequently visiting his home in where he resided with his paternal grandparents, Rabbi Shimon Holtzberg and Yehudis Holtzberg. She described their relationship as familial, stating in 2018 that she intended to remain in "for as long as he needs me" and planned to attend his bar mitzvah, viewing him as akin to her own son. Samuel participated in key milestones in Holtzberg's life, including presenting him a on his third birthday in 2009, shortly after his arrival in . In January 2018, she accompanied the then-10-year-old Holtzberg on his first return trip to alongside Israeli Prime Minister to commemorate the attacks and unveil reconstruction plans for the , demonstrating her enduring protective role. She attended his bar in 2020 or 2021, marking his transition to religious adulthood at age 13. By 2018, Samuel had obtained permanent residency in through granted in 2010, allowing her to live nearby and continue regular interactions, though she expressed intentions to return to after four to five more years to oversee Moshe's further maturation. Holtzberg, fluent in Hebrew and integrated into Israeli society, retained affectionate ties, occasionally reciting phrases learned from Samuel during his early years. This ongoing connection underscores Samuel's self-imposed guardianship beyond the 2008 rescue, sustained by mutual recognition within the Holtzberg family despite her non-Jewish background.

Personal Reflections and Current Status

In interviews following the , Samuel expressed profound regret over her inability to save Moshe Holtzberg's parents, stating, "I would dream that the terrorist attack is still happening and I am there. I think at least I could have saved his mother or done something." She described recurrent nightmares in the immediate aftermath but noted by 2009 that she had overcome them. Samuel attributed her presence at the that night to divine intervention, reflecting, "God kept me there because God already knew what would happen," emphasizing a sense of predestined purpose rather than personal agency in Moshe's survival. She downplayed her actions as heroic, insisting in a 2008 interview that she saw no exceptional bravery in fleeing with the child amid the gunfire, viewing it as an instinctive response to protect the boy who called her name. By 2018, Samuel voiced frustration over the lingering physical remnants of the attack at , lamenting the visible "scars" and expressing a desire for them to be erased to allow healing. Her reflections consistently highlight a with Moshe, whom she regards as her own child, driven by Christian and a of duty unbound by religious differences. Samuel relocated to in 2009 accompanying Moshe and was granted and in 2010. As of 2018, she resided in , working as a at ALEH, a network providing for children with severe disabilities. No public updates on her professional or residential status have emerged since, though she maintains her life in .

References

  1. https://www.chabad.org/news/article_cdo/aid/3912793/jewish/PHOTOS-Moshe-Holtzberg-and-the-Nanny-Who-Rescued-Him-Return-to-Mumbai.htm
  2. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-42699931
  3. https://www.jta.org/2018/01/18/global/baby-moshe-returns-to-mumbai-chabad-house-where-his-parents-were-massacred
  4. https://www.ifcj.org/news/fellowship-blog/christian-nanny-who-saved-a-jewish-child-from-terror
  5. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-11302005
  6. https://www.ajc.org/news/ajc-moral-courage-award-sandra-samuel
  7. https://www.raoulwallenberg.net/press/2011/sandra-samuel-to-be-awarded/
  8. https://www.timesofisrael.com/decade-after-mumbai-massacre-murdered-chabad-couples-son-flourishes-in-israel/
  9. https://openthemagazine.com/features/world/the-nanny-who-saved-baby-moishe
  10. https://news.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/nov/23/slide-show-1-anniversary-26-11-exclusive-encounter-with-sandra-samuel.htm
  11. https://www.raoulwallenberg.net/articles/moshe-can-recite-hindi-poem-nanny/
  12. https://collive.com/sandra-samuel-tells-all/
  13. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/7898838/Mumbai-attacks-Indian-nanny-who-saved-Jewish-boy-given-Israeli-citizenship.html
  14. https://collive.com/nanny-becomes-moishys-mom/
  15. https://collive.com/sandra-samuel-to-be-awarded/
  16. https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/775350/jewish/Sandra-Samuel-A-Heroine-in-Mumbai.htm
  17. https://www.denverpost.com/2008/12/08/devoted-nanny-cares-for-slain-rabbis-son/
  18. https://www.theyeshivaworld.com/news/general/41814/indian-cook-who-saved-moshe-holtzberg-speaks-with-press.html
  19. https://indianexpress.com/article/india/i-will-be-with-moshe-for-as-long-as-he-needs-me-sandra-samuel-5030674/
  20. https://www.dni.gov/nctc/terrorist_groups/lashkar_e_tayyiba.html
  21. https://main.un.org/securitycouncil/en/sanctions/1267/aq_sanctions_list/summaries/entity/lashkar-e-tayyiba
  22. https://carnegieendowment.org/posts/2012/03/the-menace-that-is-lashkar-e-taiba?lang=en
  23. https://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/2009/RAND_OP249.pdf
  24. https://www.ice.gov/news/releases/us-citizen-sentenced-35-years-role-india-and-denmark-terror-plots
  25. https://www.pbs.org/wnet/secrets/mumbai-massacre-background-information/502/
  26. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/mumbai-attacks-four-years-later/
  27. https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/1041916/jewish/The-Events.htm
  28. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-42659135
  29. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/hero-nanny-saved-baby-amid-mumbai-horror/
  30. https://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/12/04/nanny.mumbai.interview/index.html
  31. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mumbai-siege-the-story-of-an-amazing-escape/
  32. https://www.jta.org/2018/11/16/israel/10-years-after-the-mumbai-massacre-a-murdered-chabad-couples-son-flourishes-in-israel
  33. https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/26/11-anniversary-how-sandra-samuel-an-indian-nanny-saved-baby-moshe-from-terrorists-who-killed-his-parents/articleshow/122674176.html
  34. https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna39154294
  35. https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/1049274/jewish/Moshe-Holtzberg-One-Year-Later.htm
  36. https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/14/world/middleeast/14briefs-ISRAEL.html
  37. https://www.chabad.org/news/article_cdo/aid/1302636/jewish/Heroic-Mumbai-Nanny-Now-Honorary-Israeli-Citizen.htm
  38. https://jweekly.com/2010/09/17/indian-nanny-granted-honorary-citizenship/
  39. https://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/09/14/israel.mumbai.nanny/index.html
  40. https://www.jewishvoicesnj.org/articles/citizenship-given-to-indian-nanny/
  41. https://www.rediff.com/news/report/israel-honours-saviour-indian-nanny/20100914.htm
  42. https://www.chabad.org/news/article_cdo/aid/1511047/jewish/Mumbai-Hero-to-Receive-Award-in-Israel.htm
  43. https://www.raoulwallenberg.net/press/2011/mumbai-nanny-honored-for-saving-baby/
  44. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rqIsu77d6XQ
  45. https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/nanny-who-saved-baby-moshe-during-26-11-wants-nariman-house-scars-wiped-1953194
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