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Springfield Armory XD
Springfield Armory XD
Springfield Armory XD
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The Springfield Armory XD is a series of semi-automatic pistols produced by Springfield Armory, Inc., along with follow-on variants: XD-M, XD-S, and XD-E.[1] Polymer-framed and predominantly striker-fired, the series is manufactured by HS Produkt in Karlovac, Croatia.

Key Information

History

[edit]

In 2002, Springfield Armory, Inc., negotiated licensing rights to the United States market for the polymer-frame striker-fired HS2000 pistol being manufactured in Croatia by HS Produkt.

Further information: HS2000 § History, and HS2000 § Design

Using XD (eXtreme Duty) branding, Springfield Armory subsequently expanded the series to include ten models in three different calibers and five different cartridges, seven barrel lengths, and six finishes (black, black bi-tone, olive drab, olive drab bi-tone, flat dark earth, and flat dark earth bi-tone). The XD sub-compact was named "Pistol of the Year" by American Rifleman for 2003,[2][3] followed by the XD chambered in .45 ACP being named "Handgun of the Year" by both American Rifleman and the Shooting Industry Academy of Excellence for 2006.[4]

The XD-M variant[a] (where 'M' represents match grade) was introduced in 2007;[5] it won "Handgun of the Year" from American Rifleman for 2009.[6] The most noticeable differences from the original XD models are the interchangeable back-straps and match-grade barrel. The first XD-M was chambered in .40 S&W with a 4.5-inch (110 mm) barrel, holding 16 rounds in the magazine. This was soon followed by 9×19mm Parabellum (9mm) and .45 ACP chamberings. In 2018, 10mm Auto was added.[7] The XD-M series is also produced as compact pistols in .40 S&W, .45 ACP and 9mm with 3.8-inch (97 mm) barrels. A "competition" series is chambered in 9mm, 10mm Auto, .40 S&W, and .45 ACP with a 5.25-inch (133 mm) barrel, remotely resembling the tactical XD pistols with 5-inch (130 mm) barrels.

An XD series pistol chambered in .40 Smith & Wesson at the Tula State Museum of Weapons

In January 2012, Springfield Armory announced a new variant, marketed as the XD-S.[8] The 'S' represents the single-stack magazine used, providing a slimmer grip.[9] While sharing many features with the original XD and XD-M, the XD-S included a new pre-set trigger and a disassembly fail-safe, neither of which were available in XD or XD-M models. The fail-safe disassembly prevents the disassembly lever from being manipulated when there is a magazine in the pistol. Conversely, when the disassembly lever is up, a magazine cannot be inserted into the pistol. This model, at only 1 inch (25 mm) wide and initially available only in .45 ACP, is specifically designed for concealed carry.[10] The .45 ACP XD-S has a 5+1 capacity (with optional 6+1 and 7+1 magazines) and a 3.3-inch (84 mm) barrel. In January 2013, an XD-S chambered in 9×19mm Parabellum (9mm) was introduced. It is the same as the .45 ACP model, the only difference being that the 9mm XD-S has a 7+1 capacity (with optional 8+1 and 9+1 magazines) and is marginally heavier due to a smaller barrel bore.

In 2014, Springfield Armory unveiled the XD Mod.2, increasing their XD lineup to 33 offerings. The XD Mod.2 includes ergonomic improvements, the most notable of which is the "Grip Zone"; three differently textured areas on the grip, each with their own unique texturing, in contrast to the original XD design with traditional grip texturing.[11] The pistol also has a new set of sights. Springfield Armory upgraded the front sight to a red fiber optic. The rear sight is still a two dot, though its profile has been lowered, and is still constructed of steel to facilitate its use in racking the slide.[12]

In 2017, Springfield Armory added the XD-E, with the 'E' denoting that the variant uses an external hammer; operation is double action / single action (DA/SA).[13] Originally offered in 9mm, a version chambered in .45 ACP was subsequently added.[14]

In 2018, the company introduced a refresh to the XD-S, the XD-S Mod.2 variant.[15] Included in the refresh are safeties on the grip and trigger. Also introduced in 2018 was an XD-M chambered in 10mm Auto.[7]

Reception

[edit]

Reception for the Springfield Armory XD has been largely positive. Many high-profile shooters and gun experts have spoken highly of the XD line, including Massad Ayoob[16] and Ron Avery.[17] Following the introduction of the XDM 5.25" model (which was designed with input by USPSA National Champion Rob Leatham) and, later, the XDM Elite series, the XD has steadily grown in popularity with the competition shooting market.[18] The XDM Elite series, with further improvements designed for professional shooters such as a flared magwell, improved sights and increased capacity, continued the XD's rise in competitive popularity.[19]

The XD-S in 9mm was named "Handgun of the Year" by American Rifleman for 2013.[20] In 2021, the XDM Elite was awarded a Reader's Choice Award by Ballistic’s Best magazine.[21]

Variants

[edit]
An XD chambered in .45 ACP with 13 rounds of JHP
Springfield Armory XD Tactical 9mm
Springfield Armory XD-M .45 ACP

As of March 2020, the XD series has been offered in four branding variants (XD, XD-M, XD-S, XD-E), with XD and XD-S also offered in second generation (Mod.2) configurations.

Variant Cartridges Barrel lengths Sub-variants Ref.
XD 9mm
.357 SIG
.40 S&W
.45 ACP
.45 GAP		 3.0 in (76 mm)
4.0 in (100 mm)
5.0 in (130 mm)		 Sub-compact
Compact
Service
Ported
Tactical		 [22]
XD Mod.2 9mm
.40 S&W
.45 ACP		 3.0 in (76 mm)
3.3 in (84 mm)
4.0 in (100 mm)
5.0 in (130 mm)		 Sub-compact
Service
Threaded barrel
Tactical		 [22]
XD-M 9mm
.40 S&W
.45 ACP
10mm		 3.8 in (97 mm)
4.5 in (110 mm)
5.25 in (133 mm)		 (Standard)
Compact
Competition
OSP
Threaded Barrel
Elite		 [23]
XD-S 9mm
.40 S&W
.45 ACP		 3.3 in (84 mm)
4.0 in (100 mm)		 — [24]
XD-S Mod.2 9mm
.40 S&W
.45 ACP		 3.3 in (84 mm) — [24]
XD-E 9mm
.45 ACP		 3.3 in (84 mm)
3.8 in (97 mm)
4.5 in (110 mm)		 — [25]

Notes:

  • Not all possible combinations of the above listed parameters have been offered.
  • Limited-capacity magazines are available for states with a high-capacity magazine ban.
  • Capacities in the below tables reflect magazine capacity "plus one", for a round in the chamber.

XD

[edit]
Model Cartridge Barrel length Overall length Height Weight Capacity Notes Ref.
Sub-compact 9mm 3.0 in (76 mm) 6.25 in (159 mm) 4.75 in (121 mm) 26 oz (740 g) 13+1 16+1 w/ extended mag [26]
.40 S&W 9+1 12+1 w/ extended mag [27]
Compact .45 ACP 4.0 in (100 mm) 7.3 in (190 mm) 5.0 in (130 mm) 29 oz (820 g) 10+1 13+1 w/ extended mag [28]
5.0 in (130 mm) 8.3 in (210 mm) 32 oz (910 g) [29]
Service 9mm 4.0 in (100 mm) 7.3 in (190 mm) 5.5 in (140 mm) 28 oz (790 g) 16+1   [30]
.357 SIG 30 oz (850 g) 12+1   [31]
.40 S&W 12+1   [32]
.45 ACP 5.75 in (146 mm) 13+1 optional thumb safety [33][34]
.45 GAP 27 oz (770 g) 9+1   [35][36]
Ported 9mm 4.0 in (100 mm) 7.3 in (190 mm) 5.5 in (140 mm) 28 oz (790 g) 16+1   [37]
.357 SIG 27 oz (770 g) 12+1   [38]
.40 S&W 30 oz (850 g) 12+1   [39]
Tactical 9mm 5.0 in (130 mm) 8.3 in (210 mm) 5.5 in (140 mm) 29 oz (820 g) 16+1   [40]
.357 SIG 33 oz (940 g) 12+1   [41]
.40 S&W 12+1   [42]
.45 ACP 5.75 in (146 mm) 13+1 optional thumb safety [43][44]
.45 GAP 31 oz (880 g) 9+1   [35][45]

As of March 2020, for the XD series, the only offerings listed on the company's website are sub-compact (in 9mm and .40 S&W) and service models (in 9mm, .40 S&W, and .45 ACP).[46]

XD Mod.2

[edit]
Model Cartridge Barrel length Overall length Height Weight Capacity Notes Ref.
Sub-compact 9mm 3.0 in (76 mm) 6.25 in (159 mm) 4.75 in (121 mm) 26 oz (740 g) 13+1 16+1 w/ extended mag [47]
.40 S&W 9+1 12+1 w/ extended mag [48]
.45 ACP 3.3 in (84 mm) 6.5 in (170 mm) 13+1 w/ extended mag [49]
Service 9mm 4.0 in (100 mm) 7.3 in (190 mm) 5.5 in (140 mm) 27.5 oz (780 g) 16+1   [50]
.40 S&W 29.5 oz (840 g) 12+1   [51]
.45 ACP 5.75 in (146 mm) 30 oz (850 g) 13+1   [52]
Threaded barrel 9mm 4.0 in (100 mm) 7.85 in (199 mm) 6.0 in (150 mm) 29 oz (820 g) 16+1   [53]
Tactical 9mm 5.0 in (130 mm) 8.3 in (210 mm) 5.5 in (140 mm) 29 oz (820 g) 16+1   [54]
.45 ACP 8.1 in (210 mm) 5.75 in (146 mm) 31 oz (880 g) 13+1   [55]

As of March 2020, for the XD Mod.2 series, the only offerings listed on the company's website are sub-compact and service models, both in 9mm and .45 ACP.[56]

XD-M

[edit]

M = Match grade

Model Cartridge Barrel length Overall length Height Weight Capacity Notes Ref.
(Standard)[57] 9mm 3.8 in (97 mm) 7.0 in (180 mm) 5.6 in (140 mm) 27.5 oz (780 g) 19+1 2 slide finishes [58]
4.5 in (110 mm) 8.0 in (200 mm)   32 oz (910 g) 4 slide/frame combinations [59]
.40 S&W 3.8 in (97 mm) 7.0 in (180 mm) 5.6 in (140 mm) 28 oz (790 g) 16+1 2 slide finishes [60]
4.5 in (110 mm) 8.0 in (200 mm)   32 oz (910 g) 4 slide/frame combinations [61]
.45 ACP 4.5 in (110 mm) 8.0 in (200 mm) 5.75 in (146 mm) 31 oz (880 g) 13+1 2 slide finishes [62]
10mm 4.5 in (110 mm) 7.7 in (200 mm) 31.2 oz (880 g) 15+1 1 slide finish [63]
5.25 in (133 mm) 8.3 in (210 mm) 32.8 oz (930 g) 1 slide finish [64]
Compact[65] 9mm 3.8 in (97 mm) 7.0 in (180 mm) 4.75 in (121 mm) 27.5 oz (780 g) 13+1 2 slide finishes [66]
.40 S&W 6.75 in (171 mm) 28 oz (790 g) 11+1 2 slide finishes [67]
.45 ACP 7 in (180 mm) 27 oz (770 g) 9+1 2 slide finishes [68]
Competition[69] 9mm 5.25 in (133 mm) 8.2 in (210 mm) 5.75 in (146 mm) 29 oz (820 g) 19+1 2 slide finishes [70]
.40 S&W 32 oz (910 g) 16+1 2 slide finishes [71]
.45 ACP 8.3 in (210 mm) 13+1 2 slide finishes [72]
OSP[73] 9mm 5.30 in (135 mm) 8.6 in (220 mm) 5.5 in (140 mm) 29 oz (820 g) 19+1 1 slide finish [74]
10mm 8.74 in (222 mm) 15+1 1 slide finish [75]
Threaded barrel[76] 9mm 5.30 in (135 mm) 8.25 in (210 mm) 6 in (150 mm) 29 oz (820 g) 19+1 1 slide finish [77]
.45 ACP 8.4 in (210 mm) 31 oz (880 g) 13+1 1 slide finish [78]
Elite 9mm 3.8 in (97 mm) 6.75 in (171 mm) 5.75 in (146 mm) 28 oz (790 g) 20+1 Black Melonite slide [79]
4.5 in (110 mm) 7.6 in (190 mm) 29 oz (820 g) [80]
8.6 in (220 mm) 5.875 in (149.2 mm) 30 oz (850 g) 22+1 Tactical OSP [81]
5.25 in (133 mm) 8.3 in (210 mm) FDE slide [82]

Notes:

  • Standard models: the .40 S&W chambering with 3.8-inch barrel has been discontinued.
  • Compact models: these have been discontinued.
  • Competition models: the .40 S&W offering has been discontinued.
  • OSP models: these have threaded barrels and a removable plate on the slide, allowing a red dot sight to be installed.
  • Threaded barrel models: the 9mm offering has been discontinued.
  • Elite models: the Tactical OSP offering has a threaded barrel and is optics-ready; the slide is a flat dark earth color.

XD-S

[edit]

S = Single stack

Model Cartridge Barrel length Overall length Height Weight Capacity Notes Ref.
3.3-inch 9mm 3.3 in (84 mm) 6.3 in (160 mm) 4.4 in (110 mm) 23 oz (650 g) 7+1 8+1 w/ extended mag [83]
.40 S&W 22 oz (620 g) 6+1 7+1 w/ extended mag [84]
.45 ACP 21.5 oz (610 g) 5+1   [85]
4-inch 9mm 4.0 in (100 mm) 7.0 in (180 mm) 4.4 in (110 mm) 25 oz (710 g) 7+1 8+1 w/ extended mag [86]
.45 ACP 23.5 oz (670 g) 5+1 6+1 w/ extended mag [87]

As of March 2020, the original XD-S series offerings are no longer listed on the company's website.[88]

XD-S Mod.2

[edit]
Model Cartridge Barrel length Overall length Height Weight Capacity Notes Ref.
3.3-inch 9mm 3.3 in (84 mm) 6.3 in (160 mm) 4.7 in (120 mm) 21.5 oz (610 g) 7+1 9+1 w/ extended mag [89]
.40 S&W 22 oz (620 g) 6+1 7+1 w/ extended mag [90]
.45 ACP 6.5 in (170 mm) 4.66 in (118 mm) 21.5 oz (610 g) 5+1 6+1 w/ extended mag [91]

XD-E

[edit]

E = External hammer

Model Cartridge Barrel length Overall length Height Weight Capacity Notes Ref.
3.3-inch 9mm 3.3 in (84 mm) 6.75 in (171 mm) 5.0 in (130 mm) 25 oz (710 g) 8+1 9+1 w/ extended mag [92]
.45 ACP 23 oz (650 g) 6+1 7+1 w/ extended mag [93]
3.8-inch 9mm 3.8 in (97 mm) 7.16 in (182 mm) 5.0 in (130 mm) 24 oz (680 g) 8+1 9+1 w/ extended mag [94]
4.5-inch 9mm 4.5 in (110 mm) 7.87 in (200 mm) 25 oz (710 g) [95]

Users

[edit]
Further information: HS2000 § Users

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Springfield Armory XD

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
The Springfield Armory XD is a family of striker-fired, semi-automatic pistols manufactured by Springfield Armory, Inc., renowned for their polymer frames, ergonomic design, and reliability in applications ranging from concealed carry to duty and competition use. Originally derived from the Croatian HS 2000 pistol designed by HS Produkt, the XD series was licensed and introduced to the U.S. market by Springfield Armory in 2001, where it quickly gained popularity for setting new standards in polymer handgun ergonomics and safety features. Key design elements of the XD series include a hammer-forged barrel, a rugged Melonite finish on the slide, and an integral grip safety that requires proper hand placement for operation, complemented by the Ultra Safety Assurance (USA) Action Trigger System and a block for enhanced security. These pistols are chambered primarily in 9mm Parabellum, , and , with stainless steel magazines of varying capacities depending on the model and caliber—for instance, 12 rounds in the full-size/service XD-40 models (with 10-round magazines available for restricted-capacity regions)—and three-dot sights as standard. The series emphasizes ease of use, with textured grips for secure handling and a low that reduces muzzle flip during rapid fire. Over the years, the XD lineup has expanded into several variants to meet diverse user needs. The original XD model offers full-size, compact, and subcompact configurations for general service and carry. The XD-M series, introduced later, features improved , a match-enhanced trigger assembly (META in Elite models), and higher capacities, such as 19+1 rounds in 9mm for competition-oriented shooting. Complementing these, the single-stack XD-S Mod.2 provides a slim profile for deep concealment, while the XD Mod.3 incorporates optics-ready slides with factory-milled cuts for modern red-dot sights. Recent models like the XD-M Elite also include ambidextrous controls and accessory rails for tactical lights or lasers. The XD series has become one of Springfield Armory's flagship offerings, praised for its durability in rigorous testing and adoption by law enforcement agencies, while maintaining affordability with MSRPs typically ranging from $325 to $837 depending on the model and configuration. Its evolution reflects ongoing innovations in polymer pistol technology, ensuring relevance in both civilian and professional contexts as of 2025.

Introduction and Design

Overview

The Springfield Armory XD is a line of polymer-framed, semi-automatic pistols, primarily striker-fired except for the XD-E variant, produced by Springfield Armory, Inc. since 2002. These handguns are manufactured by HS Produkt in Croatia and imported for the U.S. market under the XD branding. Designed for versatile applications, the XD series serves purposes including , , competitive shooting, and duty. Its core innovation stems from the Croatian design, which adapted and rebranded with enhanced —such as contoured grips for improved handling—and multiple integrated features like a grip safety, loaded chamber indicator, and trigger safety. The XD pistols are available in calibers including 9mm Parabellum, , , , , and , with barrel lengths ranging from 3 to 5.25 inches. Magazine capacities vary from 6 to 19 rounds depending on the model and caliber, accommodating both compact and full-size configurations. Over time, the series has evolved into variants like the XD-M and XD-S, offering refined performance for specialized uses.

Key Features

The XD series incorporates advanced ergonomic features to enhance user control and comfort. The Grip Zone texturing provides a secure, non-slip hold during operation, while interchangeable backstraps allow for customization to fit various hand sizes, promoting better accuracy and reduced fatigue in prolonged use. Central to the XD's design is the Ultra Safety Assurance (USA) Action Trigger System, a striker-fired mechanism featuring a pre-engaged striker that is partially tensioned upon slide cycling, combined with an integrated trigger on the trigger face. This system requires deliberate pressure to disengage, ensuring consistent trigger pulls of approximately 6-7 pounds while preventing inadvertent activation. Complementing this is a passive grip embedded in the backstrap, which demands firm palm pressure to allow the trigger to function, adding an additional layer of inadvertent discharge prevention. Further safety enhancements include a block that secures the until the trigger is fully pulled, a tactile and visual loaded chamber indicator on the top of the slide for quick status verification, and an internal drop mechanism that prevents discharge if the is dropped. These redundant safeties collectively contribute to the XD's reputation for reliability in defensive scenarios by minimizing risks without compromising operational speed. The slide and barrel feature a Melonite finish, a nitrided treatment that provides superior corrosion resistance, low friction for smoother cycling, and extended longevity under adverse conditions, thereby bolstering the pistol's durability for and range use. Modular elements facilitate adaptability, with an integrated under the frame for mounting lights, lasers, or other accessories to support low-light applications. Later models incorporate fiber optic front sights for enhanced in varied lighting, and optics-ready configurations with milled slides allow direct mounting of red dot sights, improving precision without extensive modifications. Recoil management employs a short -operated with a dual captive recoil spring assembly and full-length guide rod, which mitigates muzzle flip and felt for faster follow-up shots and greater shooter control. This design, reinforced by the forged steel slide, ensures consistent performance and frame integrity over thousands of rounds.

Origins and Development

The Springfield Armory XD pistol traces its origins to the Croatian HS Produkt HS2000, a striker-fired handgun developed in the 1990s during the Croatian War of Independence, when the newly independent nation faced an international arms embargo and acute shortages of reliable sidearms for its military and police forces. Founded in 1991 by war veterans Marko Vuković and Ivan Žabčić, HS Produkt initially produced the PHP (Prvi Hrvatski Pištolj, or First Croatian Pistol) as an interim solution, but evolved the design into the HS2000 by the late 1990s to meet post-war demands for a modern, export-capable firearm. Key HS Produkt engineers, led by Vuković, emphasized polymer frame construction in the HS2000 to significantly reduce weight and manufacturing costs compared to traditional metal designs, while maintaining durability through a slide and barrel assembly. The initial design goals centered on achieving -like reliability in a recoil-operated, locked-breech system, augmented by an innovative grip safety—requiring thumb pressure on the backstrap to disengage—that provided enhanced user protection against accidental discharge, a feature absent in the . This combination aimed to produce a practical, high-precision with only about 60 components, suitable for both adoption in by 1999 and international markets. Early prototypes of the underwent rigorous testing to ensure compliance with international standards, successfully passing U.S. drop safety tests and endurance trials that exceeded 10,000 rounds without significant malfunctions, as certified under CIP and SAAMI protocols. Although the was initially imported to the U.S. market in 2000 by Intrac and distributed by HSAmerica, Springfield Armory's involvement marked the exclusive rebranding and widespread adoption as the XD series. In 2002, ., a U.S.-based importer, secured licensing rights to import and distribute the exclusively in the American market, rebranding it as the XD (eXtreme Duty) series to align with U.S. consumer preferences. This adaptation paved the way for its formal U.S. launch later that year.

Production Milestones

The Springfield Armory XD series entered the U.S. market in with the introduction of the XD-9 (chambered in 9mm) and XD-40 (chambered in ), marking the rebranded and refined version of the Croatian-designed HS 2000 pistol manufactured by . These initial models were imported from and positioned as reliable, polymer-framed striker-fired handguns suitable for duty and personal defense. In 2008, expanded the lineup with the XD-M series, emphasizing enhanced ergonomics and match-grade features tailored for competitive shooting. This release built on the original XD platform by incorporating a match-grade barrel and improved trigger system, broadening the series' appeal to precision-oriented users. The XD-S followed in 2012 as a single-stack, subcompact option optimized for , available initially in with a slim profile for . Key updates arrived in 2014 with the XD Mod.2 across the core series, featuring refined Grip Zone texturing for better and reduced perceived without altering the core striker-fired mechanism. In 2017, the XD-E variant debuted as the first hammer-fired addition to the family, offering double-action/single-action operation in a compact 9mm format for users preferring external hammer controls. Springfield Armory, headquartered in Geneseo, Illinois, has handled importation, final assembly, and distribution of the XD series from its U.S. facility since the line's inception, with ongoing expansions in manufacturing capacity to support growing demand. The pistols continue to be primarily produced by HS Produkt in Croatia, ensuring consistent quality through the original design's proven forging processes. A significant recent development came in 2024 with the XD Mod.3 OSP, introducing a factory optics-ready slide and increased standard capacity to 16+1 rounds in 9mm, enhancing compatibility with modern red-dot sights while maintaining the series' affordability and reliability. This milestone ties into broader variant evolutions, such as the XD-M Elite, by prioritizing tactical upgrades for contemporary users. Production has seen continuous diversification, including aesthetic options like the Tactical Gray Cerakote finish introduced in 2019 for models such as the XD-S Mod.2.

Variants

XD Series

The original XD series, introduced as a polymer-framed striker-fired pistol, was chambered in 9mm Parabellum, , and calibers, with barrel lengths of 3 inches for subcompact configurations, 4 inches for compact and service models, and 5 inches for tactical variants. Magazine capacities ranged from 9 to 16 rounds depending on caliber and model size, with standard full-size/service models holding 16 rounds in 9mm and 12 rounds in .40 S&W, and 10-round magazines available for restricted-capacity regions or as low-capacity variants. These specifications positioned the XD as a versatile duty and concealed-carry platform suitable for and civilian . The lineup included subcompact models optimized for with shorter grips and barrels for easier holstering, service models balancing concealability and shootability for , tactical models featuring extended slides and barrels for enhanced sight radius and in roles, and ported with barrel compensators to reduce muzzle flip during rapid . Each model retained core XD while adapting to specific user needs, such as the 3-inch subcompact for deep concealment or the 5-inch tactical for and applications. In 2014, released the XD Mod.2 update to address user feedback on , reducing the grip circumference by approximately 1/4 inch for better control, shortening the trigger reach for smaller hands, and incorporating low-profile sights for faster . Additional refinements included an extended beavertail and undercut to minimize felt and improve handling across all size variants. These changes enhanced the pistol's shootability without altering its foundational design. The XD Mod.2 was discontinued in 2020, while production of the original XD models continues as the Defend Your Legacy series. The XD Mod.3 was introduced in 2024 as a new variant in the lineup, which introduced optics-ready slides while maintaining the line's polymer-frame heritage. Factory accessories for the XD series included molded holsters compatible with various carry positions, extended magazines to increase capacity beyond standard limits, and threaded barrels designed for suppressor attachment to enable quieter training and tactical use. Compared to later evolutions like the XD-M series, the original XD prioritized reliable duty performance over the higher capacities found in enhanced models.

XD-M Series

The XD-M series, introduced by in 2007, represents an enhanced evolution of the original XD platform, incorporating a match-grade barrel for improved precision and a 5.25-inch competition model optimized for high-performance shooting. This series builds on the foundational of the XD while emphasizing competition-ready features, such as extended sight radii and reduced muzzle flip through its hammer-forged construction. Available in calibers including 9mm, , , and 10mm, the XD-M offers barrel lengths of 3.8 inches, 4.5 inches, and 5.25 inches to suit various tactical and competitive applications. Magazine capacities reach up to 19+1 rounds in 9mm, providing substantial firepower in a double-stack configuration. Weighing approximately 29-31 ounces unloaded depending on the model and , the XD-M series prioritizes balanced handling to enhance accuracy during rapid fire, with dimensions that maintain a compact profile for full-size duty—such as an overall length of around 7.6 inches for the 4.5-inch barrel variants. The polymer frame integrates ambidextrous controls and interchangeable backstraps for customizable fit, contributing to its reputation among competitive shooters for reliable performance under stress. In the 2020s, updated the lineup with the XD-M series, introduced in 2020, introducing the META (Match Enhanced Trigger Assembly) system that delivers a crisper trigger pull through its flat-faced , integral overtravel stop, and short reset for faster follow-up shots. Fiber optic front sights became standard on many models, aiding quick in varied lighting conditions. OSP (Optical Sight Pistol) variants feature factory-milled slides compatible with red dot such as the RMR, expanding mounting options for modern sighting systems without aftermarket modifications. These enhancements maintain the series' focus on precision and ergonomics while adapting to contemporary shooting demands.

XD-S Series

The XD-S series is Springfield Armory's line of slim, single-stack striker-fired pistols optimized for , featuring a narrow profile under 1 inch wide to facilitate everyday appendix or inside-the-waistband holstering. Launched in 2012 with the chambering, the initial model included a 3.3-inch hammer-forged barrel and a standard 5+1 capacity magazine, emphasizing compactness for personal defense without compromising reliability. The series expanded in 2013 to include a 9mm variant with the same 3.3-inch barrel length but a 6+1 flush-fit or 7+1 extended capacity, providing shooters with reduced and higher round count options in a similar footprint. In 2013, Springfield introduced a 4-inch barrel variant specifically for the .45 ACP model to enhance sight radius and velocity while maintaining the series' subcompact dimensions, weighing approximately 25 ounces unloaded for balanced handling during carry. The XD-S Mod.2 update, released in 2018, refined the design with improved grip texturing for better control, slimmer slide serrations for easier manipulation, and optional fiber optic front sights to aid in low-light . These enhancements positioned the Mod.2 as a more ergonomic evolution, retaining the single-stack frame's concealability at around 21.5 to 23 ounces unloaded depending on caliber. Building on the Mod.2 platform, the OSP (Optical Sight Pistol) versions debuted in 2018, featuring a factory-milled slide with adapter plates compatible with popular micro red dot sights like the Crimson Trace CTS-1500, allowing for faster target engagement in defensive scenarios. This optics-ready capability extended to both 9mm and models, including the 4-inch barrel option, while preserving the lightweight construction—typically 21.5 ounces for the 3.3-inch 9mm and up to 25 ounces for the 4-inch—that supports all-day appendix carry without excessive bulk. In 2016, the XD-S 9mm received approval from the New York Police Department for off-duty use, underscoring its reliability for professional applications. As of August 2025, the XD-S Mod.2 in has been reported as discontinued.

XD-E and Recent Models

The XD-E, launched in , stands out in the XD lineup as a hammer-fired with a double-action/single-action (DA/SA) trigger mechanism, diverging from the striker-fired architecture of its siblings. Available in 9mm and calibers, it offered barrel lengths of 3.3 inches for subcompact carry, 3.8 inches for a balanced option, and 4.5 inches for enhanced accuracy. The DA trigger pull averaged around 11 pounds for a deliberate first shot, transitioning to a single-action pull of approximately 5 pounds for subsequent firing, providing a traditional hammer-fired experience with minimal creep. In 9mm configuration, standard magazine capacities were 8+1 rounds with a flush-fit magazine or 9+1 with an extended baseplate, while models held 6+1 or 7+1 rounds. Ambidextrous controls enhanced its appeal for left-handed users, including a thumb safety/decocker lever operable in three positions—safe (up), fire (horizontal), and decock (down)—alongside a reversible release. The frame featured enhanced Mod.2 grip texture for secure handling, and the overall design emphasized concealability with a slim 1-inch grip width. However, production of the XD-E ceased in late 2021 after roughly four years, primarily due to limited market demand in a striker-dominated segment. marked all variants as discontinued on its official site, reflecting the model's niche positioning that failed to capture broad appeal despite positive reviews for reliability and . Shifting focus to post-2020 innovations, the XD Mod.3 series, introduced in , revitalizes the core XD platform with modern enhancements tailored for defensive and competitive use. Chambered solely in 9mm, the Mod.3 features a 4-inch hammer-forged barrel with Melonite finish and a high-capacity 16+1 round stainless magazine, prioritizing in a compact full-size frame. Key upgrades include a factory-milled optics-ready (OSP) slide compatible with popular red dots like the RMR and Leupold DeltaPoint Pro, aggressive front and rear slide serrations with a flared rear cut for improved manipulation under stress, and an undercut paired with an extended beavertail for better control. Priced at an accessible MSRP of $325, the Mod.3 incorporates a flat-faced trigger with consistent pull weight and passive safeties, including a grip safety and loaded chamber indicator, while maintaining the XD's proven durability. Color options across recent XD models, including the Mod.3, expanded to include Desert Flat (FDE) for tactical aesthetics and Tactical Gray for versatile carry, building on earlier introductions in the XD-S and XD-M lines. Optics integration in the Mod.3 continues Springfield's OSP trend, facilitating direct mounting of micro red dots to improve without aftermarket modifications.

Reception

Critical Reviews

The Springfield Armory XD series has received consistent praise from firearms experts for its exceptional reliability, with the XD-S Mod.2 undergoing a 25,000-round endurance test in American Rifleman without a single malfunction, demonstrating its durability under prolonged use. Reviewers highlight the polymer-framed design's ability to handle diverse ammunition types and harsh conditions, contributing to its reputation as a robust suitable for defensive applications. also garner acclaim, particularly the grip safety, which prevents accidental discharge by requiring a firm firing grasp to operate the slide; firearms instructor has endorsed this feature for enhancing safety during training and holster draw, adding an extra layer of protection absent in designs like the . Criticisms of the XD series often center on its trigger characteristics and grip safety adaptation. The stock trigger pull typically measures between 5.5 and 7.7 pounds, which some reviewers find heavier and less crisp than the standard 5.5-pound pull on comparable Glocks, potentially affecting rapid follow-up shots in high-stress scenarios. Additionally, while the grip safety bolsters , it presents a for users transitioning from safety-less pistols, as improper holstering or loose grips can inhibit function during initial familiarization. In comparative evaluations, the XD series is frequently rated higher than the for overall comfort due to its contoured grip texture and high-hand beavertail, which better accommodates varied hand sizes and reduces perceived . However, it trails the in modularity, as the XD's fixed-frame design limits aftermarket customization options compared to the P320's interchangeable fire and grip modules. The XD-M variant has gained brief mention in reviews for its popularity in competitive shooting, where its extended barrel and tuned trigger support precision stages. Recent updates to the line, including the 2025 XD Mod.3, continue to receive positive evaluations for balancing performance with accessibility. The Armory Life review commends the Mod.3 for its affordability at an MSRP of $325 and factory optics-ready slide, making it an attractive entry-level option with enhanced versatility for modern red-dot mounting without compromising core reliability.

Awards and Recognition

The original Springfield Armory XD 3-inch sub-compact pistol was awarded the prestigious American Rifleman Golden Bullseye Pistol of the Year in 2003, recognizing its innovative design and performance as a striker-fired handgun. In 2006, the XD chambered in earned Handgun of the Year honors from both the American Rifleman Golden Bullseye Awards and the Shooting Industry Academy of Excellence, highlighting its reliability, , and power in a compact package. The XD-M series continued this success by winning the American Rifleman Handgun of the Year award in 2009, praised for its match-grade enhancements and improved grip texture that enhanced shooter control. Similarly, the XD-S 9mm model received the American Rifleman Handgun of the Year accolade in 2013, noted for its single-stack design that balanced concealability with defensive capability. Beyond formal awards, the XD series has received endorsements from influential firearms trainers, such as , who has praised its passive safety features like the grip safety and loaded chamber indicator for promoting safe handling without compromising accessibility. The line is also prominently featured in (IDPA) competitions, where models like the XD-M 5.25 Competition Series are favored for their accuracy and compliance with division rules in events emphasizing skills. In recent years, the XD Mod.3 has been highlighted for its exceptional value, offering optics-ready features and reliability at an accessible for new shooters. These recognitions tie into the broader critical acclaim for the series' consistent reliability across diverse conditions.

Users

Civilian and Competitive Use

The XD-S series has gained significant popularity among concealed carry users due to its slim, single-stack profile, which facilitates easier concealment for everyday personal defense. Introduced in , the XD-S models offer a compact design suitable for appendix or inside-the-waistband carry, appealing to hobbyists and enthusiasts seeking a balance of capacity and discretion. By , the XD-S ranked as the third best-selling in the United States, reflecting strong demand in the concealed carry market. In competitive shooting, the XD-M series has established a strong presence in organizations like the (USPSA) and (IDPA), particularly in production and enhanced divisions. Shooters value the XD-M's accuracy, high capacity, and competition-oriented variants like the 5.25-inch Competition Series, which provide out-of-the-box performance suitable for speed and precision events. The platform's reliability under high-round-count matches has contributed to its adoption among sport shooters transitioning from recreational to competitive levels. Civilian customization options for the XD series are robust, with aftermarket support from specialists enhancing triggers, sights, and holsters to suit personal preferences. Companies like Agency Arms offer build services for platforms, including and frame modifications, while others provide precision components for improved and performance. This allows hobbyists to tailor their firearms for range use or without extensive gunsmithing. The XD series' integrated safety features, such as the grip safety and trigger safety, make it a favored choice in civilian training courses, where instructors emphasize risk reduction for novice shooters. These passive safeties help prevent negligent discharges during handling and dry-fire practice, promoting safer learning environments for and marksmanship programs. Some personnel also select XD models for off-duty , bridging professional and personal applications. Overall, the XD lineup holds a notable position in the U.S. handgun market, with the series contributing to over 6 million units imported from and sold by in the U.S. by the early , underscoring its appeal to non-professional users.

Law Enforcement Adoption

The XD series has seen adoption by select U.S. agencies, primarily for off-duty carry or as approved duty options rather than standard issue across large departments. In 2016, the (NYPD) approved a special edition of the XD-S 9mm for off-duty use, allowing officers to carry it as a secondary . The (CPD) permits several XD models as authorized duty pistols alongside options like the 17/19, reflecting flexibility in their equipment policies. Similarly, the (BHPD) has issued the XD as a standard service weapon for patrol units as of 2025. Internationally, the XD's predecessor, the , was adopted by the Croatian military and police forces in 1999 as their standard-issue sidearm, a role it continues to fulfill due to its origins in Croatian . While the XD has not achieved widespread international procurement beyond , its design lineage supports limited use in regional Balkan forces. To bolster professional adoption, launched the FIRSTLINE program in May 2022, providing discounted pricing on select firearms, including XD models, to U.S. officers, EMTs, and firefighters through a streamlined verification ; the program remains active as of 2025. The XD-M series has undergone extensive testing for duty suitability, including a 10,000-round evaluation of the 10mm model demonstrating flawless performance with minimal wear. Despite these approvals, the XD remains a niche choice in U.S. and has not displaced dominant platforms like or as primary duty weapons. In field use, XD pistols have exhibited high reliability during qualification courses exceeding 10,000 rounds, with the grip safety feature facilitating safe holster draws in operational scenarios. This professional adoption often overlaps with civilian off-duty preferences for compact carry.

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