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Tesla Model Y
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Tesla Model Y
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Tesla Model Y
Refresh Tesla Model Y
Overview
ManufacturerTesla, Inc.
ProductionJanuary 2020 – present
Assembly
DesignerFranz von Holzhausen
Body and chassis
Class
Body style5-door SUV
Layout
Related
Powertrain
Electric motor
Battery60–81 kWh lithium-ion (LFP on standard range, Li-NMC on long range/Performance)
Electric range260–310 miles (418–499 km) (EPA)
Plug-in charging
  • 11.5 kW (AC)
  • 250 kW (DC)
Dimensions
Wheelbase
  • 114 in (2,890 mm)
  • 120 in (3,040 mm) (Model Y L)
Length
  • 187 in (4,751 mm) (2020–2025)[1]
  • 189 in (4,790 mm) (2025–present)[1]
  • 196 in (4,976 mm) (Model Y L)[2]
Width
  • 76 in (1,920 mm)
  • 78 in (1,982 mm) (Model Y L)
Height
  • 63.9 in (1,624 mm)[1]
  • 66 in (1,668 mm) (Model Y L)[2]
Curb weight
  • 4,154–4,404 lb (1,884–1,998 kg)[3][4]
  • 4,603 lb (2,088 kg) (Model Y L)

The Tesla Model Y is a battery electric compact crossover SUV[5] produced by Tesla, Inc. since 2020. Presented in March 2019 as the company's fifth production model, the Model Y is the best-selling electric vehicle of all time, having sold more than 2.16 million units worldwide.[6]

After its 2019 introduction, the Model Y started production at the Tesla Fremont Factory in California, US in January 2020.[7] Production at Giga Shanghai, China was added in December 2020, and at Gigafactory Texas, US since late 2021.[8][9] Deliveries from Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg, Germany started in March 2022.[10] The Model Y is based on the Model 3 sedan and serves as a larger variant, with around 76 percent of parts being shared between the two and identical exterior and interior styling.[11][12] While most Model Y are configured with two-row seating, in the US the Model Y offered optional third-row seats for a seven-passenger seating capacity until the 2025 refresh.[13][14]

In 2023, Tesla delivered 1.2 million Model Ys, making it the world's best-selling vehicle that year, surpassing the Toyota Corolla and becoming the first electric vehicle to claim that title.[15] In 2024 sales were second to the Toyota RAV4.[16] A refreshed version of the Model Y was revealed in January 2025, with upgrades similar to the upgraded Model 3.[17] In mid-2025, Tesla unveiled and released the Model Y L, a long-wheelbase, six-seat variant of the Model Y.[18][19]

History

[edit]

Pre-launch

[edit]
Pre-2024 Tesla Model 3 (left) and Pre-2025 Tesla Model Y (right) side by side

In 2013, Tesla Motors filed to trademark the name "Model Y".[20] Later in 2015, CEO Elon Musk teased a Model 3-based Model Y with falcon-wing doors.[21] In 2017, a Model Y silhouette was teased to Tesla shareholders at the annual general meeting in June.[22] Musk also announced that the Model Y would be produced in a new factory, as the Fremont plant would not have room to accommodate another production line.[23]

In June 2018, a new silhouette was revealed by Musk.[24] He stated that the Model Y would be formally announced in March 2019.[25] The Model Y announcement had been planned for 2018; however, production problems with the Model 3 resulted in it being pushed to 2019.[26] In October 2018, Elon Musk revealed that he had approved the finalized design for the first production version of the Model Y, however production would not start until 2020.[27] On March 3, 2019, Elon Musk published multiple tweets, announcing the unveiling event and confirming some specifications.[28] Musk confirmed the vehicle would use standard doors, as opposed to the falcon-wing doors used on the Model X.[29]

Tesla officially announced the Model Y at an event in 15 March 2019 announcing the specs, range, price, and availability for 2020.

Production

[edit]
Year Model 3/Y vehicles delivered
2020[30]
442,511
2021[31]
911,208
2022[32]
1,247,146
2023[33]
1,739,707
2024[34]
1,704,093
2025[35]
1,585,279

Tesla originally announced plans at the unveil to assemble the Model Y at Giga Nevada (in Sparks, Nevada), along with the battery and drivetrain for the vehicles, unlike the Model 3, where drivetrains and batteries are assembled at Giga Nevada, with final assembly completed at the Tesla Factory in Fremont, California. Two months later, in May 2019, Tesla said that they instead planned to shuffle production lines at the Tesla Fremont Factory to make space for Model Y production.[36][37]

On January 29, 2020, Tesla reported in its Q4 2019 earnings report that Model Y production had already started in the Fremont factory, that one can now place an order for their premium versions with all-wheel drive, and that delivery of Model Y would begin in Q1 2020.[38]

In November 2019, Tesla announced that the Tesla Model Y would be the first vehicle to be assembled at the first European Gigafactory, Giga Berlin.[39][40] Tesla started deliveries of the Berlin-made Model Y since March 2022, mainly for European markets.[10]

United States deliveries started in March 2020 for the Long Range AWD version and the Performance version. Later in 2020, Tesla began shipping cars to the Canadian and Mexican markets.

Initial production of the made-in-China Model Y began in mid-December 2020 with 250,000 Model Y expected to be produced in 2021 in China alone.[9][41] In November 2020, Tesla signed an agreement with LG Chem to supply battery cells for Model Y production in China.[42]

On October 7, 2020, Musk tweeted that Giga Berlin Model Y would get single-piece rear and front frame cast, structural battery pack, and new 4680 cells.[43][44]

Vehicles manufactured from April 2021 no longer include radar for adaptive cruise control,[45] and those from May the same year lack lumbar support on passenger seats.[46][47]

Model Y vehicles produced from October 2022 no longer include ultrasonic sensors. As a result, the vehicles now rely solely on cameras to provide driver assistance features.[48]

Design

[edit]
Pre-refresh Model Y (2020–2025)
Model Y Performance (2020–2025)

The Tesla Model Y featured a streamlined crossover design derived from the Model 3 sedan, adopting similar proportions and surface treatment while integrating a higher roofline and hatchback-style tailgate.[49] The overall form emphasized aerodynamics, achieving a drag coefficient of 0.23, with smooth body surfacing and mechanical flush door handles.

At the front, the Model Y retained the brand's grilleless fascia, with narrow LED headlamps and a sculpted bumper forming a continuous curve into the front fenders. The roofline followed a fastback silhouette tapering toward a short rear overhang, visually aligning the Model Y closer to a coupe SUV profile rather than a traditional SUV.[50] The rear design incorporated a full-width tailgate with integrated LED taillights and a discreet lip spoiler on the liftgate edge. A black plastic lower diffuser contrasted the body color was added to reduce perceived height.[49]

The Model Y shares approximately 75% of its components with the Model 3 sedan, enabling streamlined production and reduced manufacturing costs. CEO Elon Musk stated that the high degree of component commonality with the Model 3 facilitates faster production scaling.[51][52]

Technical details

[edit]

Heat pump

[edit]

The Model Y is Tesla's first vehicle to use a heat pump instead of electric resistance for interior cabin heating.[53][54] Electric cars using electric resistance heating can lose 40% or more of their range in ambient temperatures below 20 °F (−7 °C).[55][56] The heat pump can be up to 300% more efficient than electric resistance heating.[57]

Some electric vehicles from other manufacturers, including the Nissan Leaf, Renault Zoe, BMW i3, Jaguar I-Pace, Audi e-tron, and Kia Niro, had already implemented heat pumps.[58] Tesla's heat pump has been praised for using far fewer parts.[59]

Tesla's heat pump system includes unique features including the "Super Manifold" and the "Octovalve". Inside the Super Manifold two systems meet: one for water-glycol coolant (used for managing the temperature of the battery, computers and powertrain) and the other for R1234YF refrigerant (used for cabin temperature control). The two systems share a liquid cooled condenser and a chiller. The Octovalve has eight ports that move the coolant around the different systems of the vehicle.[60][61][62] The system allows the vehicle to remove waste heat from the vehicle's systems and use it to warm the cabin.

Musk has said that the new heat pump system is one of the two most significant changes in the Model Y over the Model 3 (which included it too in 2021),[63] the other being the new single-piece castings.[64]

Radar

[edit]

Vehicles produced since May 2021 lack radar for adaptive cruise control.[65] In February 2022, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration opened an investigation over phantom braking in these new vehicles.[66] As of May 2024, the investigation is still ongoing.[67]

Software update 2022.20.9 transitioned radar equipped Model Ys (and Model 3s) to Tesla Vision.[68] Steering assist is limited to 85 mph (137 km/h), down from 90 mph (140 km/h) on vehicles with radar and minimum following distance has been increased to two car lengths from one.[original research?]

Single-piece castings

[edit]
See also: Giga Press

In August 2020, it was reported that the Tesla Factory in Fremont would soon activate the world's largest unibody casting machine for Model Y production, switching to casting the rear body in a single piece.[69] Elon Musk told an interviewer that the Berlin-made Model Y is "not just a copy of the Model Y. It's actually a radical redesign of the core technology of building a car."[70] With this new design and production method, rear and front portions of the frame will be a single-cast design. Injecting molten aluminum into a cast and having robots pull out the molded metal allowed Tesla to combine several manufacturing steps.[71] This manufacturing process is expected to result in significant cost savings, reducing a complex structural frame of dozens of parts, requiring many hours of welding to be reduced to just 1 part. Other savings include lower tool investments, reduced production time, lower number of robots, and a smaller production area.[72]

In August 2020, Tesla started assembling the world's biggest casting machine for this purpose, which the company called the Giga Press. The machine was supplied by Italian company Idra.[73][74]

Production of the Model Y with single-piece rear casting was reported to have started in late December 2020. The new process unified 70 different metal parts into two large parts.[75]

In May 2024, Reuters reported that Tesla had abandoned its plans to adopt the one-piece gigacasting process, due to large upfront investment costs and a larger strategic realignment towards autonomous driving and the Tesla Robotaxi.[76]

2025 refresh

[edit]

Model Y Premium (originally Long Range)

[edit]
2025 refresh (Europe)

On January 10, 2025, Tesla launched a refreshed Long Range version of the Model Y. Internally codenamed "Juniper",[77] the new Model Y features a full-width light bar as its daytime running lights and tail light, as well as a touchscreen for passengers in the rear seat. Top speed of the non-performance versions was reduced from 135 to 125 mph (217 to 201 km/h).[78] The long range version also increased the range from 428 to 447 miles (688 to 719 km).[79] As customers of other models complained about the lack of the turn signal stalk, the 2025 Model Y refresh keeps the traditional turn signal stalk.[80]

Changes to the exterior of the new Model Y include a sleeker front design with a more streamlined nose and a thin light bar across the hood. Technical revisions include redesigned wheels and rear diffuser to reduce drag and to "optimise lift balance" between the front and rear wheels for less noise and improved stability at high speeds.[81]

Its cabin adopts design cues from the updated Model 3, including wraparound ambient lighting, a 15.4-inch central touchscreen, ventilated seats, and an 8-inch rear touchscreen for second-row passengers. It also received upgrades such as powered rear seats and improved suspension for a more comfortable ride.[81] Cabin refinement has also been improved with double-layer acoustic glass applied to all windows, while the panoramic glass roof features a silver coating that limits UV and heat transmission into the interior.[82]

A limited-run Launch Series was also introduced to mark the start of production for the refreshed Model Y. This special edition is distinguished by a Launch Series badge on the rear liftgate, a puddle lamp logo, and Launch Series wordmarks applied to the doorsill plates and device charging console. For units specified with the black interior, the cabin also features vegan suede upholstery.[82]

On January 23, 2025, Tesla revealed that its updated Model Y SUV will be available in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico starting in March, with a starting price of approximately US$60,000. This "Launch Series" special edition includes a 320-mile range battery and Tesla’s advanced driver-assistance technology, “Full Self-Driving (Supervised),” which is typically a $8,000 upgrade. In comparison, the older Model Y begins at $44,990 with a 337-mile (542 km) range for its rear-wheel drive variant.[81]

In China, deliveries began in February 2025.[83] It was rebranded as the Model Y Premium in North America in October 2025 after the introduction of the Model Y Standard.[84]

Model Y L

[edit]
Model Y L (China)

In June 2025, Tesla introduced the three-row, six-seater version of the Model Y, marketed as the Model Y L.[85] Debuting in China and produced at Gigafactory Shanghai, the variant introduces a six-seat configuration with a lengthened cabin and upgraded interior features. It is equipped with 19-inch aero wheels in a new design and offers a new exterior colour option called Cosmic Silver. Deliveries in China commenced on September 2, 2025.[86]

The Model Y L measures 195.9 in (4,976 mm) in length, 78.0 in (1,982 mm) in width, 65.7 in (1,668 mm) in height, and has a 119.7 in (3,040 mm) wheelbase. Compared with the standard Model Y, it is 7.0 in (179 mm) longer and 1.7 in (44 mm) taller, with most of the added length contributing to a longer wheelbase. The redesigned roofline and rear spoiler result in a drag coefficient of 0.216. The curb weight of the Model Y L is 4,603 pounds (2,088 kg), which is 212 lb (96 kg) more than the dual-motor AWD version of the standard Model Y.[87]

Its cabin adopts a 2-2-2 seating layout, replacing the second-row bench with two captain chairs and adding a 50:50 split-folding third row. The captain chairs feature heating, ventilation, and power reclining functions. Cargo capacity increases to 2,539 litres (89.7 cu ft), compared with 2,130 litres (75.2 cu ft) for the standard version. The dashboard layout is largely identical to the standard Model Y, with minor revisions such as a larger 16-inch central touchscreen display (previously 15.4 inches). The upgraded wireless charging pad supports simultaneous fast charging up to 50 W and 30 W. The audio system includes 19 speakers, a subwoofer, and two additional overhead speakers. Each seating row is equipped with charging ports, and the front seats gain extendable under-thigh support.

Power is supplied by a dual-motor all-wheel-drive system paired with an 82 kWh nickel cobalt manganese (NCM) lithium-ion battery supplied by LG Energy Solution.[87] The front motor produces 191 hp (142 kW), while the rear motor delivers 266 hp (198 kW). Tesla claims a 0–62 mph (0–100 km/h) acceleration time of 4.5 seconds, and a CLTC-rated range of 467 miles (751 km).[88]

As of mid-2025, Tesla has not confirmed whether the Model Y L will be produced outside of China.[87][89]

Model Y Performance

[edit]
2025 Model Y Performance

The refreshed Model Y Performance debuted in August 2025, as the top-spec variant of the normal wheelbase Model Y lineup, initially for Europe, the Middle East, and Africa.[90] The North American market model was introduced in October 2025.[91]

The updated Model Y Performance shares several components with the updated Model 3 Performance, while featuring notable upgrades in powertrain and chassis tuning. It gains new front and rear bumpers, a carbon fiber rear spoiler, and other tweaks that together yield 10% less drag and 64% reduced lift, improving front-to-rear balance by 27% over the previous model. Additional exterior highlights include gloss black trim, red brake calipers, 21-inch Arachnid 2.0 forged wheels, and a rear badge with Performance puddle lamps.[92] It has 5.94 inches (151 mm) ground clearance, 0.63 inches (16 mm) lower than the Long Range AWD model. It weighs 4,482 pounds (2,033 kg), which is 79 pounds (36 kg) more than the dual-motor Long Range variant.[93]

The Model Y Performance uses Tesla's Performance 4DU dual-motor system, producing 460 hp (340 kW). It accelerates from 0–62 mph (0–100 km/h) in 3.5 seconds and reaches a top speed of 155 mph (250 km/h). For comparison, the Long Range AWD variant requires 4.8 seconds and tops out at 125 mph (201 km/h). The increased performance comes with a slightly reduced WLTP range of 360 miles (580 km), compared to 373 miles (600 km) on the Long Range AWD.[94]

The updated Performance variant is equipped with a new high-density battery pack, marketed as the 5M battery supplied by LG Energy Solution with around 82 to 84 kWh of usable energy that maintains the same weight as the standard version.[94] It also adopts the adaptive damping system from the Model 3 Performance, combined with revised springs, roll bars, bushings, and a stiffer rear body structure for improved torsional rigidity. It also retains the ability to tow up to 3,500 pounds with its included towing package and class II tow bar.[91]

Drivers are able to select between Standard and Sport settings for the adaptive suspension, while the stability assist system offers Standard and Reduced modes. The latter reduces traction control interventions but retains essential stability safeguards.

The cabin of the updated Model Y Performance features aluminum pedals, carbon-fiber dashboard and door trims, and Performance-specific front seats with ventilation, heating, and power-adjustable thigh support. The central touchscreen display is enlarged to 16 inches (up from 15.4 inches), matching the unit in the long-wheelbase Model Y L, and offers 80% more pixels than before.[95]

The updated Model Y Performance became the first Model Y to feature vehicle-to-load (V2L) and vehicle-to-home (V2H) bi-directional charging.[91]

Model Y Standard

[edit]
Tesla Model Y Standard

In October 2025, Tesla released the cheapest version of the Model Y called the Model Y Standard, initially for the North American market with rear wheel drive only. The existing Long Range trims were rebranded as the "Premium" trims.

Changes and equipment reductions include simplified front end design without the lightbar, smaller 18-inch wheels with simpler designs, simpler taillights without the connecting lightbar piece, half-textile upholstery replacing leather seat, redesigned center console, reduced speaker count from 15 to 7, a smaller frunk without a drain plug and an indirect tire-pressure monitoring system.[96] Removed features include the FM/AM radio, interior ambient lighting, power folding mirrors, front ventilated seats, rear heated seats, power adjustment for rear seats and steering wheel, HEPA filter and the rear seat infotainment screen. Tesla Autopilot is limited to traffic aware cruise control without autosteering. The maximum charging speed is reduced to 225 kW from 250 kW on the Performance and Premium trims. The trim also uses passive shock absorbers instead of the frequency-dependent units fitted to other models.[97] Available paint colors are gray, black and white.[84]

Instead of replacing the glass roof with a regular metal roof, Tesla opted for the Standard version to be fitted with a headliner with sound deadener to cover the glass roof.[97]

In North America, the Model Y Standard retails for $5,000 less than the Premium RWD trim.[98]

Markets and configurations

[edit]

United States

[edit]

During its introduction, there were four planned powertrain configurations for the Model Y in the U.S., which are Standard Range Rear-Wheel Drive (RWD), Long Range RWD, Long Range with Dual Motor All-Wheel Drive (AWD), and Performance (with Dual Motor All-Wheel Drive).[99][100] However, the Long Range RWD model was not produced until 2024.[101]

Timeline of Tesla Model Y in the U.S.[102][better source needed]

The Standard Range RWD configuration was initially canceled in July 2020 after being listed as to be announced in "spring 2021", due to the range (230 miles or 370 km) being unacceptably low to CEO Elon Musk.[103] On January 7, 2021, Tesla once again released the Standard Range RWD configuration, alongside the seven-seat option for the Model Y. The Standard Range RWD features 244 miles (393 km) of EPA-estimated range.[104][105] Tesla stopped taking orders for the variant in February 2021, making it the shortest-lived configuration offered for the Model Y.[106]

After reports emerged in February 2021,[107] on December 6, 2021, Tesla formally notified customers who had pre-ordered the Long Range RWD that their chosen configuration is no longer available in the U.S. According to reports, this configuration was never delivered in the U.S.[108]

On April 9, 2022, Tesla began building the Standard Range AWD configuration. Manufactured at Gigafactory Texas, it was equipped with the new 4680 battery cells and structural battery pack technology rated at 279 miles (449 km) of EPA range.[109][110] At first, this configuration was only available for employees, invited reservation holders, and customers residing in the Texas area.[111][112] Around April 7, 2023, Tesla made the configuration for sale to the general public.[113][114] On September 14, Tesla stopped taking orders for the Standard Range AWD.[115]

On January 12, 2023, Tesla announced a significant price reduction for the Model Y and Model 3. This reduction made the Model Y Long Range eligible for the federal tax credit of $7,500 under the Inflation Reduction Act, which is applicable only for cars that are priced below $55,000.[116]

Tesla reintroduced the Standard Range RWD model to the US market in October 2023.[117] In May 2024, the Standard Range RWD model was no longer offered for sale and was replaced by a Long Range RWD model.[101] It was revealed that the Standard Range RWD model vehicles built in 2023 and early 2024 were the same as the new Long Range RWD model, but with the former having a software lock in place to reduce range to 260 miles. Elon Musk announced on social media that owners of the Standard Range RWD model from 2023 and 2024 may be able to pay a fee to unlock additional range, pending regulatory approval.[101]

Canada

[edit]

In April 2023, Tesla began producing made-in-China Model Ys to be sold in Canada.[118] This allowed more US manufactured vehicles that qualified for the US federal tax credit to be sold in the US.[119]

Australia

[edit]

Orders for the Model Y in Australia opened on June 10, 2022, with initial configurations offered were RWD and Performance AWD and imported from Gigafactory Shanghai. Deliveries commenced in August 2022.[120] The Long Range AWD configuration was released on April 4, 2023.[121]

China

[edit]

On June 5, 2020, Tesla launched the Model Y Online design studio for the Chinese market, allowing customers in China to place orders for the upcoming made-in-China Model Y.[122] First delivery of the model was made on January 18, 2021.[123]

On January 1, 2021, Tesla started selling the Model Y in China, and it sold out its planned production (an unknown quantity) for Q1 2021 within 6 days.[124]

In June 2024, the Jiangsu province government listed the Model Y as being eligible for purchase for government use. It is the first time that a Tesla car entered China's official vehicle procurement catalog.[125]

India

[edit]

On July 15, 2025, Tesla launched the Model Y in India. The units are imported from China.[126]

Specifications

[edit]
Canceled/Discontinued Current Current, non-US model Current, US only model
Range Standard Long
Powertrain RWD RWD RWD AWD RWD AWD Performance
Battery cell type 2170 (LNMC) Prismatic (LFP) 2170 (LFP) 4680 (LFP) 2170 (LNMC) 2170 (LNMC) 2170 (LNMC)
Battery Capacity 60 kWh software capped[127] 67.6 kWh [128] 81 kWh [128][129] 81 kWh[128]
Range (EPA) 244 miles (392 km)[130][131][132] 244 miles (392 km)[132] 260 miles (418 km) 279 miles (449 km)[133] 357 miles (575 km)[134] 327 miles (526 km)[135] 306 miles (492 km)[136]
Range (WLTP) 282 miles (455 km)[137][1][138]
267 miles (430 km)[1][139] 		336 miles (541 km)[134] 331 miles (533 km)[140] 319 miles (514 km)[1]
0 to 60 mph 5.3 sec.[141][131] 6.9 sec.[140] 6.6 sec. 5.0 sec.[140] 5.4 sec.[134] 4.6 sec.[140] 3.3 sec.[140]
Top speed 135 mph (217 km/h)[141] 135 mph (217 km/h)[142] 135 mph (217 km/h)[142] 135 mph (217 km/h)[140] 125 mph (201 km/h) 125 mph (201 km/h)[140] 155 mph (249 km/h)[140]
Power (peak) 280 hp (210 kW) 295 hp (220 kW) 384 hp (286 kW)[143][144] 456 hp (340 kW)[143][144]
Torque (peak) 310 lb⋅ft (420 N⋅m) 376 lb⋅ft (510 N⋅m)[143][144] 497 lb⋅ft (674 N⋅m)[143][144]
Consumption 15.7 kWh / 100 km 13.8 kWh / 100 km[145] 15.8 kWh / 100 km[146]
Drag coefficient 0.23[147]
Cargo space 76.2 cu ft (2,158 L) maximum volume with rear seats down and including front trunk (frunk)[148]
Curb weight 3,920 lb (1,780 kg)[149] 4,209 lb (1,909 kg)[1] 4,154 lb (1,884 kg) 4,363 lb (1,979 kg) 4,416 lb (2,003 kg)

Recalls

[edit]
  • In July 2025, 2020-2024 Tesla Model Y, 2017-2024 Tesla Model 3, 2016-2024 Tesla Model X and 2013-2024 Tesla Model S were recalled for issues with open hood latch detection while in driving state.[150]
  • In January 2025, Tesla recalled some 2024–2025 Model 3 and Model S vehicles and some 2023–2025 Model X and Model Y vehicles for a software update to avoid shorting the car computer, preventing (among other things) the rear view camera from displaying.[151] Software releases 2024.44.25.3, 2024.44.25.6, or later contain changes to the power-up sequence. Computers that were damaged had to be replaced under warranty to complete the remedy.
  • In February 2025, more than 370,000 potentially affected vehicles (both Model 3 and Model Y) were recalled to address possible loss of power to electronic power-assisted steering.[152]
  • 48 Model 3 and Model Y vehicles produced between April 3, 2025 and May 7, 2025 were recalled due to improperly torqued seat fasteners.[153][154]
  • In July 2025, 5 Tesla vehicles of the 2026 Model Y, manufactured between March 27, 2025 and July 10, 2025 were recalled for an improperly secured horn ground wire, potentially rendering the horn inoperable.[155]
  • In August 2025, the Australian federal government recalled 7301 vehicles manufactured in the 2025 range over a software flaw that could result in the window closing on body parts.[156][157]

Safety

[edit]

Ratings

[edit]
NHTSA 2022[158]
Overall StarStarStarStarStar
Frontal, driver StarStarStarStarStar
Frontal, passenger StarStarStarStarStar
Side, driver StarStarStarStarStar
Side, passenger StarStarStarStarStar
Side pole, driver StarStarStarStarStar
Rollover StarStarStarStarStar / 9.70%
US IIHS Tesla Model Y:[159]
Category Rating
Small overlap frontal offset (Driver) Good
Small overlap frontal offset (Passenger) Good
Moderate overlap frontal offset Good
Side impact (original test) Good
Roof strength Good
Head restraints and seats Good
Headlights Good / Acceptable (depending on trim/options)
Front crash prevention (Vehicle-to-Vehicle) Superior
Front crash prevention (Vehicle-to-Pedestrian, day) Superior
Child seat anchors (LATCH) ease of use Acceptable
Euro NCAP test results
Tesla Model Y (2022)
Test Points %
Overall: StarStarStarStarStar
Adult occupant: 36.9 97%
Child occupant: 43.0 87%
Pedestrian: 44.8 82%
Safety assist: 15.7 98%
Euro NCAP test results
Tesla Model Y (2025)
Test Points %
Overall: StarStarStarStarStar
Adult occupant: 36.5 91%
Child occupant: 46.0 93%
Pedestrian: 54.4 86%
Safety assist: 16.6 92%
ANCAP test results
Tesla Model Y
(2022, aligned with Euro NCAP)[160]
Test Points %
Overall: StarStarStarStarStar
Adult occupant: 36.87 97%
Child occupant: 43.62 89%
Pedestrian: 44.81 82%
Safety assist: 15.75 98%
ANCAP test results
Tesla Model Y
(2025, aligned with Euro NCAP)[161]
Test Points %
Overall: StarStarStarStarStar
Adult occupant: 36.52 91%
Child occupant: 46.62 95%
Pedestrian: 54.38 86%
Safety assist: 16.65 92%

Concerns and investigations

[edit]

Model Y doors are electrically operated from the inside, so, in case of an accident or malfunction, occupants may be locked inside the car if they do not know how to operate the manual door release that is more complex in rear doors.[162][163][164][165][166][167] Not all Model Y vehicles have a rear door manual release.[168]

  • In September 2025, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration opened a safety investigation into over 174,000 Model Y vehicles made in 2021 over door handles after reports of being unable to open the doors after leaving the car, in some cases, leading to entrapping of children inside the vehicle.[168][169]

Reception

[edit]

The Model Y has been generally positively received. Critics praised the car's quick acceleration, spacious interior, and range. However, they criticized the vehicle's clumsy handling, stiff ride, and "bizarre looks".[170][171] According to Top Gear, the Model Y is a "great car to live with" despite its design and insufficient comfort.[171] The Model Y was also touted as the leader in its class, but reviewers note that competition is rising with numerous alternatives hitting the market from other manufacturers.[172]

In March 2024, Consumer Reports named the 2024 Model Y to its "Best Cars of the Year: 10 Top Picks of 2024" list, the only electric car to make the list.[173] Model Y was best selling car worldwide in 2023.[174][175]

Awards

[edit]
  • In 2023, the Tesla Model Y won the Autovista Group Residual Value Award in the category of Compact and Large Battery-Electric Vehicle (BEV) SUV.[176] The Model Y also won the Best Company Car award at the 2024 Carbuyer Best Car Awards.[177]
  • In 2024, the Tesla Model Y won Auto Trader New car of the year award.[178] Tesla Model Y also won Top Safety pick+ award from The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.[179] Tesla Model Y also won Best family EV in parent poll by BabyCenter.[180] Won Best Company Car by Parkers.[181]

Sales

[edit]
Year U.S. (estimate) China Europe Turkey Australia New Zealand Thailand Taiwan Worldwide total
Model Y Model Y L Total U.K. Germany Sweden Norway Overall
2021 172,700[182] — 129,353[183] 410,517[184]
2022 231,400[185] 315,314[186] 35,551[187] 6,550[188] 17,356[189] 137,608[190] 8,717[191] 4,226[192] 228[193] 759,579[194]
2023 385,900[195] 456,394[196] 35,899[197] 45,618[198] 16,416[199] 23,085[200] 254,822[190] 12,150[201] 28,769[202] 3,936[203] 5,881[204] 9,697[205] 1,211,601[206]
2024 405,900[207] 480,309[208] 32,862[209] 29,896[210] 18,293[211] 16,858[212] 209,214[213] 11,534[214] 21,253[215] 826[216] 881[217] 1,200,000[218]
2025 382,245[219] 43,273[219] 425,518[220] 31,509[221] 22,239[222]

See also

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References

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Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Tesla Model Y

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The is a battery electric mid-size crossover produced by Tesla, Inc., that was unveiled on March 14, 2019, and began production at the company's Fremont Factory in in 2020. It shares approximately 76% of its components with the sedan, including its core platform, while offering a taller, more versatile body style with a design for enhanced cargo space. The vehicle is available in rear-wheel-drive, all-wheel-drive, and performance variants, with options for five or seven seats, and features a minimalist interior centered around a 16-inch touchscreen for controls and infotainment in Premium and Performance trims. In October 2025, Tesla introduced the lower-cost Standard trim and rebranded the Long Range models to "Premium" (available in Rear-Wheel Drive or All-Wheel Drive configurations). On February 3, 2026, Tesla introduced a new entry-level All-Wheel Drive trim priced at $41,990 in the US, with an EPA-estimated range of 294 miles and 0-60 mph time of 4.6 seconds. This trim omits certain premium features such as the rear touchscreen, ambient lighting, and acoustic glass to reduce costs while adding all-wheel traction. This change also dropped the "Standard" moniker, rebranding the lineup to RWD ($39,990), AWD ($41,990), Premium RWD ($44,990), Premium AWD ($48,990), and Performance ($57,490). The Premium variants correspond to the former Long Range models with enhanced features. The Model Y quickly became a commercial success, serving as Tesla's best-selling model and the world's top-selling electric vehicle for several years; in 2023, it even claimed the title of the best-selling passenger car globally with over 1.2 million units delivered. It was the world's best-selling car in 2024 with approximately 1.09 million units sold globally. Full year sales data for 2025 is not yet available, as the year has not concluded or official global figures have not been released by authoritative sources. The Model Y retained its position as the leading EV worldwide into 2025, with strong U.S. sales exceeding 232,000 units in the first three quarters of the year. Renowned for its safety, the Model Y earned a five-star overall rating from the U.S. (NHTSA) in every category upon its debut, along with a five-star rating from in 2022 and a Top Safety Pick+ designation from the (IIHS) for the 2025 model year. Performance specifications vary by trim, with the Premium All-Wheel Drive offering an EPA-estimated range of 327 miles (with 19-inch Gemini wheels and 255/45R19 tires), a top speed of 135 mph, and 0-60 mph acceleration in 4.6 seconds, while the Performance variant achieves 0-60 mph in 3.5 seconds. A refreshed "Juniper" version, featuring updated exterior styling with new front and rear full-width LED lighting designs, interior upgrades including ambient lighting and a rear passenger screen, enhanced acoustic insulation with 360° laminated glass across all windows for a quieter cabin, improved suspension and ride quality, and enhanced efficiency and range, was first introduced in China in January 2025 with deliveries commencing in March in the US and other markets. Standard features include semi-autonomous driving capabilities, HomeLink garage door opener control, over-the-air software updates, and access to Tesla's network for rapid charging, adding up to 144 miles of range in 15 minutes.

Development and history

Announcement and pre-launch

Elon Musk announced the Tesla Model Y on March 14, 2019, during a public reveal event held at Tesla's design studio in . The vehicle was introduced as a compact crossover SUV derived from the Model 3 platform, with Musk emphasizing that approximately 76% of its components would be shared to reduce development costs and enable faster production ramp-up. This approach allowed Tesla to leverage the existing Model 3 manufacturing infrastructure while adapting the design for SUV functionality. At the event, highlighted the Model Y's design inspirations, describing it as combining the sleek lines and efficiency of the Model 3 with the spacious utility of the Model X, including options for higher seating and greater cargo capacity. Reservations opened immediately after the reveal, requiring a $2,500 refundable deposit, and generated strong market interest, with Tesla noting robust initial demand that underscored consumer enthusiasm for an affordable electric . Production was projected to begin in early 2020, with customer deliveries targeted for the second half of the year. Pre-production prototypes emerged shortly after the announcement, with camouflaged test vehicles first spotted in public as early as October 2019 near Tesla's facilities. These prototypes underwent key testing milestones, such as high-speed evaluations on private tracks in December 2019 to validate performance claims, including a 0-60 mph acceleration time of 3.5 seconds for the variant. Additional cold-weather testing occurred in January 2020 in , focusing on battery performance and drivetrain reliability in sub-zero conditions. In January 2020, Tesla initiated low-volume production of the Model Y at its Fremont , just 10 months after the reveal, with initial units delivered to employees for internal validation and real-world usage testing. This early phase allowed the company to refine assembly processes and address potential issues before scaling to customer deliveries later in the quarter.

Production and manufacturing

Customer deliveries of the Tesla Model Y commenced in March 2020 at the Fremont Factory in , marking the vehicle's entry into the market following initial production startup in January of that year. The Fremont facility, Tesla's primary North American assembly site, began ramping up output with a targeted initial production rate of 1,000 units per week by mid-2020 to meet early demand. Production expansion accelerated in 2022 with the operationalization of in Austin, which became a key hub for Model Y manufacturing to boost overall capacity and support growing global sales. Trial production at the Texas site started in late 2021, transitioning to full-scale output in 2022 and enabling higher-volume assembly of the vehicle. Early 2022 production units from Austin, particularly those incorporating the new 4680 structural battery pack, were reported by owners and analysts to exhibit superior build quality compared to contemporary Fremont-built models, including better paint depth with fewer orange peel issues, tighter panel gaps, and nicer interior fits due to advanced equipment and processes. These 4680 structural battery pack units were primarily certain Long Range AWD variants produced at Giga Texas, whereas the Model Y Performance has been primarily assembled at the Fremont factory using Panasonic 2170 battery cells in a conventional battery pack. As of 2024, there is no confirmed production of the Performance variant at Giga Texas or use of 4680 cells for it, and any transition to 4680 structural packs for the Performance trim in future models, including potential 2026 versions, remains unconfirmed. However, as vehicles from the factory's initial ramp-up phase, some displayed minor teething issues such as rattles and alignment quirks. The structural pack also provided a stiffer chassis, leading to improved handling and ride feel according to owner reports. By 2023, these efforts contributed to Tesla achieving over 1 million Model Y units produced annually worldwide, underscoring the model's role as a production mainstay. The Model Y, including the Standard variant, is manufactured across Tesla's factories: Fremont and Austin primarily for U.S. and left-hand-drive markets, Shanghai for Asian markets and some right-hand-drive exports, and Berlin for European markets including UK right-hand-drive models. Gigafactory Berlin in Germany produces Model Y Standard units for the UK and European markets, distinguishing it from sites like Austin that primarily serve other regions. Throughout 2020 and 2022, Tesla encountered significant disruptions that impacted Model Y production ramps, including global chip shortages and COVID-19-related shutdowns at Fremont. These challenges, stemming from pandemic-induced demand shifts and logistics constraints, delayed output scaling despite Tesla's advantages. To streamline assembly, Tesla introduced gigacasting technology in at Fremont, utilizing massive die-casting machines to produce the Model Y's rear underbody as a single large aluminum piece, reducing part count from over 70 to one and cutting manufacturing time.

2025 Juniper refresh

The 2025 Tesla Model Y Juniper refresh, codenamed Project Juniper, was first teased in late 2024 through leaks and regulatory filings, with an official reveal occurring on January 9, 2025, in . This mid-cycle update aimed to bolster the Model Y's market position amid intensifying competition from vehicles like the , by introducing refreshed styling and enhanced features to maintain its status as the world's best-selling . Production of the refreshed Model Y began with early units at Gigafactory Shanghai in October 2024, achieving full production across all Tesla factories by February 2025. In the United States, manufacturing at the Fremont Factory and Gigafactory Texas started in late January 2025, with initial deliveries commencing in March. Although deliveries began in 2025, the refreshed model is designated as the 2026 model year in North America. Early orders exceeded 50,000 units on launch day in China. These factories incorporated updated assembly lines to support the new design elements without disrupting overall output. Exterior revisions emphasize a more angular front inspired by the Cybertruck's aesthetic, featuring a streamlined bumper and narrower, slanted headlamps for improved and visual appeal. The rear incorporates innovative full-width reflective taillights using indirect body panel technology for a sleek, illuminated effect, alongside an integrated washer system for the rear camera to ensure clear visibility in adverse conditions. New wheel options include 19-inch and 20-inch designs optimized for reduced drag and enhanced efficiency. Inside, the cabin receives upgrades for greater luxury and usability, including a central touchscreen measuring 15.4 inches on the Standard variant or 16 inches on Long Range and Performance variants, both with thinner bezels, brighter display, and faster response times for enhanced processing; a new 8-inch rear touchscreen allowing passengers to control climate settings, heated seats, entertainment streaming, and games; redesigned front seats with perforation for ventilation (standard on higher trims), improved comfort and support using softer premium materials, along with heated front and rear seats, electric adjustments, and a power-reclining second row with fold-flat capability; wraparound multi-color ambient LED lighting strips that are customizable; dual wireless charging pads; optimized storage with rear trunk capacity exceeding 2130 liters; a premium immersive sound system with 15 speakers and a subwoofer; enhanced noise cancellation featuring second-generation hardware, acoustic , and insulation materials that reduce cabin noise to approximately 66 dB at highway speeds; HEPA air filtration for improved air quality; soft-touch materials including premium textiles and suede-like trim; an all-glass roof; and an updated steering wheel with traditional turn signal stalks and over-the-air software updates for ongoing improvements, all providing a quieter, more refined experience. These changes build on the original 2020 Model Y's foundations. Efficiency improvements stem from subtle aerodynamic refinements, such as revised mirror housings and underbody panels lowering the drag coefficient, combined with over-the-air software updates optimizing energy management. The 2026 Tesla Model Y (Juniper refresh) employs lithium-ion batteries with chemistry varying by variant and region: Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) for some Standard Range and rear-wheel-drive models, and Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) or Nickel Cobalt Aluminum (NCA) for Long Range, Premium, and Performance trims. Capacities range from approximately 60 to 84 kWh (for example, around 62.5 kWh in base LFP variants and up to 81 kWh in some Performance models with updated cells). In the United States, many variants use 2170-format NCA cells from Panasonic, though some incorporate LFP or other types. These battery configurations, alongside the aerodynamic and software enhancements, yield approximately a 5% range increase—up to 327 miles EPA for the Long Range All-Wheel Drive variant—without major alterations to core powertrain components. The 2027 model year Tesla Model Y, including the Performance variant, is expected to be a carryover from the refreshed 2026 version with no major revisions, updates, refresh, or improvements anticipated.

Design and engineering

Exterior and interior features

The Tesla Model Y features a sleek crossover exterior design measuring approximately 4.75 meters in length, blending the aerodynamic profile of the Model 3 sedan with elevated ground clearance for utility. The 2025 Juniper refresh updates the exterior with revised front and rear fascias, slimmer LED headlights, improved aerodynamic elements, and new wheel designs for enhanced efficiency and styling. In the United States for the 2026 model year, available exterior colors include Stealth Grey at no extra cost, with premium paint options such as Quicksilver at $2,000 extra; other colors may include Pearl White Multi-Coat or Ultra Red, with premium paints typically $1,000–$2,000 extra (exact options and pricing can vary and should be confirmed on Tesla's official website as they change frequently). Premium and Performance trims feature matte black exterior badging. A dark grey 20-inch Helix 2.0 wheel option is available for $2,000. Unlike the Model X's falcon-wing rear doors, the Model Y employs conventional side doors and a standard power liftgate for rear access, while incorporating a fixed panoramic as standard across all trims to enhance cabin openness and light. Its aerodynamic efficiency is achieved with a of 0.23, aided by flush-mounted door handles that retract seamlessly and a smooth underbody, contributing to improved range and stability. On the Performance trim, 20-inch Überturbine wheels further accentuate its sporty stance without compromising . Inside, the Model Y offers a minimalist cabin centered around a central that controls nearly all vehicle functions, from to settings, including gear selection via a drive mode strip. The climate control interface allows users to turn off the air conditioning or climate control by touching the power button on the main climate controls screen to toggle it off. For quick access, users can swipe left or right on the climate popup or tap the temperature or fan icon to open the controls. This functionality applies to all Model Y variants, including the 2026 Juniper refresh models. The vehicle does not support Apple CarPlay, relying instead on its proprietary infotainment system accessed through the touchscreen. In right-hand drive variants, the drive mode strip appears on the right side of the touchscreen (driver's near side) for single-hand operation; it auto-shows P/R/N/D when pressing the brake, with tap or swipe up for Drive, down for Reverse, and press for Park, while swiping from the right edge reveals it if hidden; the vehicle often auto-detects direction, reducing manual shifts. This emphasizes a clutter-free . The 2026 Tesla Model Y, including the Launch Edition, comes standard with a round steering wheel featuring traditional turn signal stalks; Tesla does not offer an official yoke steering wheel for the Model Y, with yoke options available only as third-party aftermarket upgrades. Premium and Performance trims feature a 16-inch center touchscreen and a standard black headliner (as of January 12, 2026, in North America), along with matte black badges. The 2025 Juniper refresh enhances the displays with thinner bezels, brighter screens, and faster response times; the Standard trim retains a 15.4-inch center touchscreen. Premium trims include dual touchscreens, comprising the front display and an 8-inch rear touchscreen enabling second-row passengers to independently manage climate, entertainment, games, and media. The rear touchscreen supports video playback and streaming services such as YouTube and Netflix, along with gaming, while the vehicle is in motion and without restrictions related to driving (in contrast to the front touchscreen, which restricts video playback to when the vehicle is parked to ensure driver safety). Streaming services typically require a Premium Connectivity subscription. Rear passengers can access entertainment independently, while the front touchscreen includes a remote control app to manage the rear display (e.g., launch content, adjust volume, lock the screen). In the Chinese market, starting from early 2026 deliveries, all trims feature an upgraded 16-inch 2K central touchscreen, along with a black headliner replacing the previous gray one, enhancing interior aesthetics, particularly when paired with white seats. Tesla does not offer an official upgrade to install a larger touchscreen on older Model Y vehicles, such as the 2021 models, which originally feature a 15-inch display. The infotainment system upgrade (also known as MCU upgrade) enhances processing power, software features, and performance but does not replace or enlarge the physical screen size. While third-party aftermarket solutions for larger screens or rear displays are available, these are not supported by Tesla and may affect vehicle warranty or functionality. Newer variants, particularly in markets like China starting in 2026, come equipped with a 16-inch or 16-inch 2K central touchscreen as standard, but this is limited to factory-installed hardware in new vehicles. Seating for up to five passengers is standard, with an optional third row for seven passengers available for $2,500 exclusively on the Premium AWD trim in the U.S., featuring fold-flat second- and third-row seats. The seats utilize vegan leather for comfort and , with heated front seats available across trims. The 2025 Juniper refresh introduces redesigned front seats with ventilation and heating standard on Premium trims, heated rear seats, improved comfort and support using softer premium materials with electric adjustments and fold-flat capability, and a power-reclining second row. The refresh also incorporates 360° acoustic double-pane laminated glass across all windows—including rear side windows and the rear hatch—an upgrade over previous models where acoustic laminated glass was primarily applied to the front windows, along with improved sound insulation for significantly reduced cabin noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH), upgraded materials throughout for enhanced quietness and comfort, and wraparound multi-color RGB ambient LED lighting around the dashboard, dual wireless charging pads, and optimized storage solutions. Cargo capacity includes 854 liters behind the second row, expanding to over 2,130 liters with power-folding seats, plus a 117-liter frunk for additional storage versatility. Unique amenities in Premium trims include a premium immersive audio system with 15 speakers for immersive sound, air filtration to maintain cabin air quality by capturing over 99.97% of particulate matter. The panoramic glass roof is standard across all trims but contributes to the premium feel in higher configurations. The 2025 Juniper refresh incorporates soft-touch materials throughout the interior, with over-the-air software updates enabling ongoing enhancements. The Model Y supports keyless entry via the phone key, with configurable options in Controls > Locks to enable unlocking all doors or only the driver door upon approach through the Driver Door Unlock Mode. Additional unlocking methods include the key fob, the touchscreen lock icon (to lock or unlock all doors), the Tesla mobile app, and an optional Unlock on Park setting that automatically unlocks all doors when shifting to Park. These features are consistent across variants, including the 2025 Juniper refresh and 2026 models. The 2026 Model Y includes HomeLink for garage door opener control. Setup is performed via the vehicle's touchscreen by accessing Controls > HomeLink, adding a new HomeLink, naming it, and following the on-screen instructions. For rolling code openers (common among brands), press the "learn" or "smart" button on the garage door opener motor unit (typically within 30 seconds), then return to the vehicle and confirm pairing on the touchscreen to complete the process. The vehicle should be parked facing the garage door with good signal strength for reliable operation. HomeLink is compatible with most major garage door opener brands; consult the opener's manual for specific steps if issues occur. No major changes to the setup process have been reported for 2026 models compared to prior years.

Powertrain and battery systems

The Tesla Model Y employs an all-electric consisting of one or two electric motors, depending on the variant, paired with a high-voltage pack and an integrated inverter system for power delivery. The base rear-wheel-drive (RWD) models introduced post-2023 feature a single permanent magnet synchronous at the rear, while the Long Range all-wheel-drive (AWD) and trims utilize a dual-motor setup for enhanced traction and acceleration. The dual-motor all-wheel-drive configuration enhances handling by distributing power between the front and rear axles to improve cornering grip and reduce understeer, with smart torque allocation that sends more power to the wheels with the most traction for enhanced safety and driving enjoyment. Battery packs in the Model Y have evolved across model years to balance range, cost, and durability. Early production models from 2020 used a 75 kWh usable capacity pack with cylindrical 2170-format cells supplied by Panasonic, employing nickel-cobalt-aluminum (NCA) chemistry for high energy density. Select Long Range variants produced at Giga Texas since 2022 incorporate 4680-format cylindrical cells in a structural pack design, an innovative approach that integrates the battery directly into the vehicle's chassis for enhanced structural rigidity, improved handling, and manufacturing efficiency. The Model Y Performance variant is primarily produced at the Fremont factory using Panasonic 2170 battery cells in a conventional battery pack, while Giga Texas (Austin) primarily produces Long Range AWD variants with 4680 cells in a structural battery pack design. There is no confirmed information that the Model Y Performance variant uses 4680 cells or is produced in Austin as of 2024, and any transition to 4680 structural packs for the Performance trim in 2026 models remains unconfirmed. However, early production units from the Austin factory in 2022 had slightly lower energy density—approximately 244 Wh/kg compared to 269 Wh/kg in the Panasonic 2170 cells used in Fremont-built Long Range models—resulting in marginally reduced efficiency and range. By 2024, Tesla shifted base RWD variants in select markets, including China and Europe, to lithium iron phosphate (LFP) prismatic cells from suppliers like CATL, offering approximately 60-62.5 kWh usable capacity, which provides advantages in longevity (over 3,000 charge cycles) and lower production costs despite slightly reduced energy density. Model Y batteries exhibit low degradation rates, typically 1-2% capacity loss per year. Real-world data shows approximately 5–10% capacity loss after 100,000 miles, with 2022 Model Y vehicles at high mileage (80,000–120,000 miles) typically retaining 90–95% of original battery capacity, and some examples showing only 3–7% loss at similar mileages. Aggregated Tesla fleet data indicates an average degradation of approximately 12% after 200,000 miles across models. These figures are supported by owner reports and analyses from Recurrent Auto. For Tesla Model Y vehicles delivered from 2020 to 2024 (primarily Long Range and Performance variants), Tesla provides the following warranties: the Basic Vehicle Limited Warranty covers the vehicle for 4 years or 50,000 miles, whichever comes first; the Supplemental Restraint System Limited Warranty covers the vehicle for 5 years or 60,000 miles, whichever comes first; and the Battery and Drive Unit Limited Warranty covers the high-voltage battery and drive unit for 8 years or 120,000 miles (192,000 km), whichever comes first, with a minimum 70% battery capacity retention. Later RWD variants (introduced around 2023-2024 in some markets) have a Battery and Drive Unit Limited Warranty of 8 years or 100,000 miles. Actual performance typically exceeds this guarantee. In cold weather, charging power for these LFP batteries may temporarily drop to 4–6 kW until the battery warms up. Long Range and Performance models retained or upgraded to around 75-81 kWh NMC/NCA packs, with the 2025 Juniper refresh incorporating refined 78.4 kWh options in RWD configurations for improved efficiency. For the 2026 Tesla Model Y (Juniper refresh), lithium-ion battery packs feature chemistry varying by variant: Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) for some Standard Range/RWD models, and Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) or Nickel Cobalt Aluminum (NCA) for Long Range, Premium, and Performance trims. Capacities range from ~60-84 kWh (e.g., 81 kWh in Performance models with updated cells). In the US, many variants use 2170-format NCA cells from Panasonic, though some incorporate LFP or other types. Thermal management is handled by an advanced liquid-cooled system that maintains optimal temperatures for the battery, , and cabin. Battery preconditioning differs by charging method: for 11 kW AC charging, warming occurs primarily from the charging process itself without aggressive preconditioning, typically reaching 20–40 °C, whereas for DC Supercharging, the system aggressively preconditions the battery to 40–50 °C prior to charging for optimal high-power acceptance. Starting with 2021 production, the Model Y introduced an octovalve-equipped , the first in Tesla's lineup, which efficiently transfers heat between components and the environment, reducing for heating by up to three times compared to traditional resistive systems and improving cold-weather range retention by approximately 10%. Despite these advancements, real-world energy consumption in winter can increase by 40–60% due to cabin heating, reduced battery efficiency, and cold weather effects, with official WLTP figures of about 16 kWh/100 km rising to around 25 kWh/100 km in cold conditions. Additionally, vampire drain, or standby battery loss, is exacerbated in winter. The rear motor is a permanent magnet synchronous type delivering up to 295 horsepower in RWD models, while in dual-motor AWD configurations like the Performance variant, the front motor is an AC induction motor and the rear is a permanent magnet synchronous motor, with the dual setup combining for 456 horsepower through a high-efficiency inverter. This configuration integrates seamlessly with the vehicle's structural castings to minimize weight and optimize packaging.

Chassis and structural innovations

The Tesla Model Y incorporates advanced gigacasting techniques, utilizing the to produce single-piece aluminum for the front and rear underbody sections, a first implemented in production at the Fremont Factory in . This approach consolidates the rear underbody from over 70 individual parts into a single , while the front underbody achieves a similar reduction, effectively streamlining the overall underbody assembly from approximately 70 components to just two major pieces. As a result, these gigacastings reduce body shop assembly time by 30%, enhancing production efficiency and structural integrity by minimizing weld points and potential weak spots. The vehicle's chassis features an independent double-wishbone front suspension paired with a multi-link rear setup, both equipped with coil springs, telescopic dampers, and stabilizer bars, calibrated to deliver responsive and sporty handling characteristics suitable for an . On the Performance trim, adaptive damping is integrated, allowing real-time adjustments to suspension firmness based on conditions and user preferences for optimized comfort and dynamics. The sensor suite for features, including integration, was standard in pre-2023 models to support functions, but Tesla phased it out in favor of a vision-only system starting with 2021 builds and completed the transition via software updates in 2023-2024, relying solely on cameras for environmental . A key structural innovation is the integration of the battery pack directly into the chassis as a load-bearing element, forming a "structural battery pack" that enhances overall vehicle rigidity without traditional reinforcements. This design contributes to exceptional torsional stiffness, measured at 21,700 Nm/deg, and supports the Model Y's 5-star safety rating by providing a robust safety cell that resists deformation during impacts. The heat pump system is also seamlessly placed within the chassis to optimize space and . The Model Y's traction control is an always-on system integrated with the electronic stability control (ESC) that helps limit wheel spin during acceleration on slippery surfaces and cannot be manually disabled during normal driving. A "Slip Start" feature can be activated when the vehicle is stuck in mud, snow, or sand by pressing and holding the brake and accelerator pedals simultaneously, which temporarily reduces traction control intervention to allow controlled wheel spin for freeing the vehicle. Some variants may include an "Off-Road Assist" mode that adjusts traction parameters for low-traction conditions, though standard traction control remains active.

Variants and markets

Trim levels and configurations

The Tesla Model Y is available in several trim levels worldwide, with variations in specifications, pricing, and availability depending on the region. In the United States for the 2026 model year (refreshed "Juniper" version), as of February 2026, the primary trim levels include Rear-Wheel Drive starting at $39,990, All-Wheel Drive at $41,990, Premium Rear-Wheel Drive at $44,990, Premium All-Wheel Drive at $48,990, and Performance at approximately $57,490. These prices are starting MSRPs, subject to variation, typically exclude taxes and other fees. The base Rear-Wheel Drive trim starts at $39,990, offering an EPA-estimated range of 321 miles and rear-wheel drive for efficiency-focused buyers. The All-Wheel Drive trim, introduced on February 3, 2026, starts at $41,990, providing dual-motor all-wheel drive with an EPA-estimated range of 294 miles and 0-60 mph acceleration in 4.6 seconds. To reduce costs, this trim omits certain premium features available on higher trims, including the rear touchscreen, ambient lighting, simplified acoustic glass, fabric seats rather than premium materials, 7-speaker audio, manual steering column adjustment, and indirect TPMS. The Premium Rear-Wheel Drive trim starts at $44,990, with an EPA-estimated range of 357 miles. The Premium All-Wheel Drive variant, priced at $48,990, provides dual-motor all-wheel drive with an EPA-estimated range of 327 miles, balancing performance and versatility. The top Performance All-Wheel Drive trim, starting at approximately $57,490, emphasizes acceleration with a 0-60 mph time of 3.5 seconds while maintaining a 303-mile EPA-estimated range. The Launch Series, priced up to approximately $61,630, is a limited-edition trim offered during the Juniper launch with additional premium features. In October 2025, coinciding with the Juniper refresh, Tesla introduced lower-cost trims and rebranded the previous Long Range trim as "Premium". The Premium trims (available in RWD and AWD configurations) are identical to the former Long Range models in specifications, range, performance, and features, with no changes introduced during the rebranding. This distinguishes the Premium trims from the entry-level trims, which offer reduced range and fewer premium features. On February 3, 2026, Tesla introduced the All-Wheel Drive variant priced at $41,990 and dropped the "Standard" moniker from the lineup, rebranding the entry-level offerings as Rear-Wheel Drive and All-Wheel Drive. This provides a more affordable all-wheel drive option, continuing the strategy to enhance accessibility following the October 2025 price reductions, amid the end of federal EV tax credits, heightened competition, and a cooling EV market. The Premium trims (Premium RWD, Premium AWD, and Performance AWD) include key differentiating features such as a premium audio system with 15 speakers, dual touchscreens (a 16-inch front display and an 8-inch rear touchscreen for second-row passengers that supports independent access to entertainment features including video playback such as YouTube and Netflix streaming, gaming, and other media while the vehicle is in motion, with no driving restrictions unlike the front display; streaming services typically require Premium Connectivity, and the front touchscreen can remotely control the rear display), a panoramic glass roof, ventilated front seats, a HEPA air filtration system, a standard black headliner, and matte black exterior badging, which are not available on the Rear-Wheel Drive or All-Wheel Drive trims. The Launch Series includes these features plus additional exclusive elements. All trims come standard with five seats, but the Premium AWD model has reintroduced an optional seven-seat configuration for $2,500 exclusive to the Premium AWD trim in the United States, announced via updates to the U.S. configurator, adding a third row with fold-flat second- and third-row seats suitable for families, though the rear seats have limited space for adults. An optional towing package, including a 2-inch (5 cm x 5 cm) square hitch receiver designed to support vertical loads up to 160 lbs (72 kg) for accessories such as bike racks, enables a maximum towing capacity of 3,500 pounds (1,600 kg) for braked trailers across all trims when equipped; real-world towing significantly reduces range, often by 50% or more depending on load, speed, terrain, and aerodynamics, and access to charging stations can be challenging due to trailer length and station designs often requiring unhitching or awkward positioning; for trailers with combined loading exceeding 750 kg (1,650 lbs), Tesla recommends a separate trailer braking system with an independent controller, as the Model Y lacks an integrated brake controller but provides pre-wiring for aftermarket installation. Key option packages include Full Self-Driving Capability for $8,000, which adds advanced navigation and traffic-aware features beyond standard Autopilot; premium connectivity for $99 annually, providing live traffic and streaming services; and wheel upgrades such as 20-inch Induction wheels or dark grey 20-inch Helix 2.0 wheels for $2,000 on non-Performance trims. Tesla offers winter tire packages compatible with factory wheel sizes, recommending adherence to original specifications for optimal performance and safety. For 19-inch wheels, the size is 255/45R19 (e.g., Pirelli Winter Sottozero 3); for 20-inch wheels, 255/40R20 (e.g., Pirelli Winter Sottozero 3); and for Performance 21-inch wheels, 255/35R21 front and 275/35R21 rear (e.g., Pirelli Winter tires). These sizes have remained unchanged across variants (RWD, Premium, Performance) from 2020 through 2025/2026 model years, including the Juniper refresh. The federal EV tax credit of up to $7,500 was available for eligible buyers who took delivery before the program's expiration on September 30, 2025. Pricing has evolved since the Model Y's 2020 launch, when the initial Long Range All-Wheel Drive started at approximately $52,990 before adjustments for production scaling, tariffs, and incentives. Subsequent changes, including price reductions in 2023—for example, the 2023 Model Y Performance had an original MSRP of $56,130 —and adjustments post-2025 refresh, have positioned the current MSRPs lower than earlier 2025 figures, with the tax credit eligibility ending on September 30, 2025, for US buyers meeting prior income thresholds. The following tables summarize key trim levels and configurations across major markets as of February 2026. Note that prices are starting MSRPs in local currencies, ranges are approximate conversions to miles with the testing standard noted (EPA, WLTP, or CLTC), and specifications may vary slightly by market. Performance variants are available in Europe and China in addition to the base and long-range options.

United States

Trim LevelStarting MSRPDrive TypeRange (miles)0-60 mph (seconds)
RWD$39,990RWD321 (EPA)6.8
AWD$41,990AWD294 (EPA)4.6
Premium RWD$44,990RWD357 (EPA)5.4
Premium AWD$48,990AWD327 (EPA)4.6
Performance AWD≈$57,490AWD303 (EPA)3.5
Note: A Launch Series trim is available up to approximately $61,630 with additional premium features. Prices are approximate and subject to change; confirm on Tesla's official site.

Europe

Trim LevelStarting MSRPDrive TypeRange (miles)0-60 mph (seconds)
Standard RWD€39,990 (EUR)RWD332 (534 km) (WLTP)6.9
Standard Long Range RWD€46,990 (EUR)RWD408 (657 km) (WLTP)6.5
Premium RWD€49,990 (EUR)RWD386 (622 km) (WLTP)5.6
Premium AWD€52,990 (EUR)AWD391 (629 km) (WLTP) with standard 19-inch wheels; optional 20-inch wheels: 373 (600 km)4.8
Performance AWD€61,990 (EUR)AWD360 (580 km) (WLTP)3.3
These specifications are current as of January 2026.

China

Trim LevelStarting MSRPDrive TypeRange (miles)0-60 mph (seconds)
Rear-Wheel Drive263,500 (CNY)RWD368 (593 km) (CLTC)6.5
Long Range RWD288,500 (CNY)RWD510 (821 km) (CLTC)5.3
Long Range AWD313,500 (CNY)AWD466 (750 km) (CLTC)5.0
Performance AWD356,900 (CNY)AWD427 (687 km) (CLTC)3.5
Model Y L339,000 (CNY)AWD467 (751 km) (CLTC)4.5
The Model Y L is a lengthened variant available exclusively in China, featuring an extended wheelbase of 150 mm (to 3,040 mm) compared to the standard Model Y, a six-seat (2-2-2) configuration with second-row captain's chairs that include heating, ventilation, and pop-up armrests, all-wheel drive, a CLTC range of 751 km, and 0-100 km/h acceleration in 4.5 seconds. It also incorporates continuously variable damping shock absorbers and offers a maximum storage space of 2,539 liters with all seats folded. Prices vary regionally due to local taxes, import duties, and currency fluctuations. Other markets, such as Australia, offer similar trim configurations with localized pricing and range estimates based on WLTP standards.

Regional adaptations and availability

The Tesla Model Y launched in March 2020, with initial deliveries starting that month and all trim levels available from the outset. US-built models qualified for federal tax credits of up to $7,500 under the for eligible buyers who took delivery before the program expired on September 30, 2025. In , production of the Model Y commenced at in early 2021, enabling local manufacturing and exports to other markets. Vehicles produced there incorporate (LFP) batteries sourced from local suppliers like for standard-range variants, supporting cost-effective supply chains and daily full charging without degradation concerns. This setup allows for more affordable pricing, with base models equivalent to around $40,000. In early 2026, Tesla China began delivering updated Model Y vehicles across the available trims—Rear-Wheel Drive, Long Range Rear-Wheel Drive, and Long Range All-Wheel Drive—featuring a black headliner replacing the previous gray one and a standard 16-inch 2K central display, enhancing interior aesthetics particularly when paired with white seats. The lineup also includes the Model Y L six-seat long-wheelbase variant, launched in August 2025, which starts at 339,000 RMB, equivalent to approximately 48,850 USD as of February 2026 (based on an exchange rate of 1 CNY ≈ 0.1441 USD). No price changes have been reported since its launch. Europe received right-hand-drive versions of the Model Y starting in 2022 to meet market demands in countries like the . The Model Y Standard variant for the UK market is manufactured at Gigafactory Berlin in Germany. Adaptations include compatibility with the (CCS) for urban public charging infrastructure and WLTP range certifications, which provide standardized efficiency ratings tailored to European testing protocols. In December 2025, the lengthened Model Y L variant received EU type approval, indicating a potential launch in Europe during the first quarter of 2026, with an expected WLTP range of 681 km on 19-inch wheels using an 88.2 kWh battery pack. The Model Y L features a panoramic glass roof, upgraded suspension with continuously variable damping shock absorbers for adaptive damping, efficient aerodynamics via an extended roofline and rear wing, an 18-speaker Tesla audio system, and safety features including full airbags and active safety systems. Compared to the standard Model Y, it has a longer and taller body with a more robust structure and a practical third-row seating in its six-seat (2-2-2) configuration. The Model Y launched in in June 2022 following local to comply with right-hand-drive and safety regulations. In , availability began alongside the US rollout in 2020, with software features like battery preconditioning and cabin heating optimized for cold-weather performance to mitigate range loss in sub-zero temperatures. In January 2026, Tesla launched the Model Y Standard trim in Canada, starting at $49,990 CAD with an estimated range of 463 km and first deliveries expected in 4-6 weeks. The 2026 Tesla Model Y Performance is priced at $74,990 CAD (MSRP, before taxes and fees), with orders open and deliveries starting in Q1 2026. Additionally, the Marine Blue paint color became available on the Model Y, priced at an additional $1,300 CAD for the Premium AWD trim and included on the Performance trim. Tesla entered the Indian market in July 2025 with the Model Y imported from , subject to import duties exceeding 100% that significantly elevate costs. Discussions are ongoing for potential local assembly to reduce tariffs and improve accessibility. As of 2026, there is no evidence of certification for a US-made Tesla Model Y Standard Range for sale in South Korea, as searches on major Korean automotive forums (clien.net, ppomppu.co.kr, fmkorea.com, autodaily.co.kr) found no relevant results or discussions regarding such certification or plans. For export markets, the Model Y undergoes adaptations such as voltage system compliance for regional electrical grids and certifications to meet local emissions and safety standards, including WLTP and CCS integration in .

Leasing options

In the United States, Tesla offers leasing options for both new and pre-owned Model Y vehicles. Leasing a used Model Y from Tesla's inventory often provides lower monthly payments, with examples including under $225 per month with $0 down for pre-owned vehicles or around $271 per month for 24-month terms. These pre-owned vehicles are typically low-mileage recent models with remaining warranty coverage and are available in select states. This option can be more cost-effective for buyers prioritizing value. In contrast, leasing a new 2026 Model Y (Juniper refresh) starts around $399 per month for 36 months with approximately $2,000 due at signing for the Long Range Rear-Wheel Drive variant. The new model offers updated features such as an improved interior, suspension, and efficiency, along with the latest design and technology.

Performance and specifications

Acceleration, range, and efficiency

The Tesla Model Y demonstrates strong acceleration performance across its variants, with the All-Wheel Drive and Premium All-Wheel Drive trims achieving 0-60 mph in 4.6 seconds, the Premium Rear-Wheel Drive in 5.4 seconds, and the Performance variant reaching the same speed in 3.5 seconds with approximately 460–510 HP. Independent tests estimate quarter-mile times of about 11.8 seconds for the Performance variant. The Performance model's top speed is electronically limited to 155 mph, while non-Performance trims are capped at 125 mph. These figures stem from the dual-motor powertrain's instant torque delivery, enabling quicker launches compared to many internal combustion engine SUVs. The current trim lineup includes Rear-Wheel Drive (39,990,321−mileEPArange,6.8−second0−60mph),All−WheelDrive(39,990, 321-mile EPA range, 6.8-second 0-60 mph), All-Wheel Drive (41,990, 294-mile EPA range, 4.6-second 0-60 mph), Premium Rear-Wheel Drive (44,990,357−mileEPArange,5.4−second0−60mph),PremiumAll−WheelDrive(44,990, 357-mile EPA range, 5.4-second 0-60 mph), Premium All-Wheel Drive (48,990, 327-mile EPA range, 4.6-second 0-60 mph), and Performance ($57,490, 303-mile EPA range, 3.5-second 0-60 mph). To reduce costs in the more affordable trims, the Rear-Wheel Drive and All-Wheel Drive variants omit premium features such as the rear touchscreen, ambient lighting, acoustic glass, premium seats, and advanced audio systems. These omissions primarily affect comfort and interior quality but have minimal impact on core performance and efficiency. Range estimates vary significantly by trim following the Juniper refresh and recent updates, with aerodynamic enhancements and software optimizations contributing to improvements in higher trims. The Premium Rear-Wheel Drive offers up to 357 miles EPA range, while the Premium All-Wheel Drive provides 327 miles and the Performance variant 303 miles. Entry-level trims achieve lower ranges due to cost-saving measures, including a smaller battery in some configurations. Towing a trailer substantially reduces these ranges, often by 50% or more depending on load, speed, terrain, and aerodynamics. These gains are influenced by battery capacities of around 75-82 kWh, which support extended driving without frequent recharges. Efficiency metrics highlight the Model Y's competitive energy use, with the Premium Rear-Wheel Drive rated at 125 MPGe combined by the EPA and consuming 27 kWh per 100 miles. Real-world electricity consumption under mild conditions is approximately 13-15 kWh per 100 km for city and combined driving, and 16-18 kWh per 100 km for highway driving at 120 km/h. Real-world energy consumption can increase by 40–60% in winter conditions due to factors such as cabin heating, reduced battery efficiency, and cold weather effects; for instance, while official ratings are approximately 16 kWh/100 km, winter consumption may rise to about 25 kWh/100 km. Regenerative braking further enhances urban efficiency by recovering 10-20% of energy during deceleration, effectively extending range in stop-and-go conditions. Compared to other Tesla models, the Model Y's EPA range spans from 294 miles in entry-level configurations to up to 357 miles in premium variants (approximately 473–575 km), shorter than the Model S's up to 405 miles (652 km) but comparable to the Model X's up to 335 miles (539 km); however, the Model Y exhibits superior efficiency owing to its permanent magnet motors and lower weight relative to the larger Model X. Older Model S and X vehicles typically experience 10–15% battery degradation after 200,000 miles. Overall, these attributes position the Model Y as one of the more efficient midsize electric SUVs. Tire specifications significantly influence performance, safety, and efficiency. Higher trim Tesla Model Y configurations use 19-inch Gemini wheels fitted with 255/45R19 tires, typically with a 104W XL load rating. Tesla recommends replacing tires with the same size (255/45R19), a load index of at least 104, and a speed rating of W or higher to maintain safety, performance, and range. For optimal efficiency, low rolling resistance tires or those specifically optimized for electric vehicles are recommended. Tesla does not mandate specific brands but advises matching the original equipment specifications; common factory and recommended options include the Continental ProContact RX, Hankook Ventus S1 evo3, and Michelin Pilot Sport All Season 4 or Pilot Sport EV. Always refer to the vehicle's door jamb tire placard or owner's manual for the exact requirements. In comparisons to rivals like the 2025 Ford Mustang Mach-E, the Model Y outperforms in acceleration, with its Performance trim's 3.5-second 0-60 mph time edging out the Mach-E GT's 4.1 seconds, though it may trail slightly in highway efficiency where the Mach-E achieves 85 MPGe versus the Model Y's 97 MPGe.

Dimensions, capacity, and charging

The Tesla Model Y measures 4,751 mm in length, 1,921 mm in width (excluding mirrors), 1,624 mm in height, and has a wheelbase of 2,890 mm. Its curb weight is approximately 1,900–2,050 kg (4,200–4,500 lb) depending on trim and configuration. These dimensions contribute to its agile handling characteristics in urban and highway driving. In terms of capacity, the Model Y offers 854 liters of storage in the rear trunk and 117 liters in the front trunk (frunk), expanding to a total of 2,158 liters with the rear seats folded, with a cargo length of approximately 78–80 inches, providing versatile cargo accommodation for passengers and gear. The vehicle also provides approximately 106 cubic feet of passenger volume, supporting comfortable seating for five adults. For charging, the Model Y supports up to 250 kW DC fast charging, enabling a charge from 10% to 80% in about 25 minutes under optimal conditions, and includes an 11 kW onboard AC charger for home or public Level 2 stations. It is fully compatible with Tesla's Supercharger network, which can add up to 169 miles of range in 15 minutes for the Long Range AWD variant or 144 miles for the Performance variant, owing to efficiency differences from wheels, tires, power delivery, and aerodynamics rather than battery capacity; however, charging speeds may be reduced by a cold battery without preconditioning, high ambient temperatures requiring battery cooling, or power sharing with vehicles in adjacent stalls. The 2025 Juniper refresh introduces improved thermal management systems that maintain sustained high-speed charging rates, even during extended sessions or in varying ambient temperatures.

Safety and autonomy

Crash safety and structural integrity

The Tesla Model Y has demonstrated exceptional performance in standardized crash tests conducted by major safety organizations. In 2021 testing by the (NHTSA), the Model Y earned a 5-star overall safety rating, with 5 stars in frontal crash, side crash, and rollover resistance categories. This performance underscores the vehicle's ability to protect occupants across multiple impact scenarios, including a low rollover risk of 7.9%, the lowest recorded for any by NHTSA at the time. Similarly, in 2022 Euro NCAP evaluations, the Model Y received a 5-star overall rating, achieving 97% for adult occupant protection and 87% for child occupant protection, largely attributable to its rigid structural design integrating the as a load-bearing element that enhances overall frame . The Model Y includes built-in child safety features such as ISOFIX/i-Size (LATCH) anchors in the rear outboard seats for secure installation of child restraints. Seatbelt-compatible options are available in any rear seating position. The spacious rear seat accommodates most child restraints comfortably. Key passive safety features contribute to these results. The Model Y is equipped with eight airbags, including dual frontal, dual , four side-impact (seat-mounted and ) airbags, providing comprehensive occupant restraint in various collision types. Its body structure incorporates ultra-high-strength steel in critical zones such as the A- and B-pillars, with tensile strengths exceeding 1,500 MPa, which helps absorb and distribute crash energy effectively while maintaining cabin integrity. Additionally, automatic emergency braking (AEB) is standard, serving as a foundational that mitigates impact severity. The Model Y's electronic stability control (ESC) and traction control systems are always-on features integrated with the vehicle's dynamics control, helping to limit wheel spin and maintain stability on slippery surfaces, thereby enhancing safety in adverse conditions (see Chassis and structural innovations for detailed description). The innovations, including the structural , briefly referenced here, further bolster this rigidity without delving into production details. In assessments by the (IIHS), the 2025 Model Y earned a Top Safety Pick+ designation, the highest award, with "Good" ratings in all categories including small overlap front ( and ), moderate overlap front, and side impact tests. measures for , chest, , and lower leg/foot were all rated "Good" for and front , and "Good" for rear , chest, and in the moderate overlap test. Its pedestrian detection system, integrated with AEB, has been shown to reduce vehicle-pedestrian crashes by 25-30% overall, as evaluated in IIHS studies on advanced systems. These outcomes highlight the Model Y's structural integrity in translating test performance to practical safety benefits.

Driver assistance and self-driving capabilities

The Tesla Model Y comes standard with , an (ADAS) that includes Traffic-Aware for maintaining speed and following distance from the vehicle ahead, Autosteer for keeping the car centered in its lane on highways and well-marked roads, and Auto Lane Change, which enables the vehicle to change lanes automatically after the driver confirms via the turn signal. These features rely on a suite of onboard cameras and, in earlier models, ultrasonic sensors for proximity detection during maneuvers like ; however, since late , Tesla has transitioned to a vision-only system using cameras for these functions, eliminating ultrasonic sensors to simplify hardware while enhancing software-based perception. requires the driver to keep hands on the and remain attentive, as it operates at SAE Level 2 . The Tesla Model Y includes Speed Assist, which displays the current posted speed limit on the touchscreen and instrument cluster using a combination of navigation map data and camera recognition of speed limit signs. The displayed speed limit is advisory only and does not restrict the vehicle's speed. There is no automatic governor or enforcement mechanism preventing the driver from exceeding the posted speed limit, allowing the driver to manually drive faster up to the vehicle's maximum speed. The Speed Limit Warning can be configured to provide visual alerts and audible chimes when the vehicle's speed exceeds the detected limit by a selected amount, such as +0, +5, or +10 mph (or the equivalent in km/h). Navigation routing uses posted speed limits along with traffic data to calculate estimated arrival times and routes, but does not impose an absolute speed cap on the vehicle. For more advanced capabilities, the Model Y offers the optional Full Self-Driving (FSD) Supervised suite, available as a one-time purchase for $8,000 or a $99 monthly subscription as of 2025, which builds on by adding features like Navigate on Autopilot for highway route following with automatic lane changes, and Control for recognizing and responding to intersections, and Autopark for detecting and executing parallel or perpendicular parking. FSD Supervised also enables city street navigation, including handling complex urban environments, pedestrian crossings, and roundabouts—providing a generally smooth experience for city Navigate on Autopilot (NOA) and highway navigation using the pure vision system, though it can be conservative or hesitant in scenarios such as unprotected left turns or sudden obstacles—while Summon allows the vehicle to move short distances in parking lots via the for entering or exiting tight spaces. This suite uses the same camera-based vision system but processes data through Tesla's software, which receives frequent over-the-air updates to improve accuracy in edge cases like adverse weather or construction zones. Hardware for these systems in the Model Y has evolved significantly; starting in late 2023, vehicles began shipping with Hardware 4.0 (HW4), featuring higher-resolution cameras with improved low-light performance and a more powerful onboard computer capable of 4-5 times the processing power of previous generations for real-time . Starting in 2021, Tesla adopted a vision-only approach by removing sensors in new production models, relying exclusively on eight exterior cameras for 360-degree visibility up to 250 meters, which has allowed for software refinements in and path planning. The front windshield cameras include dedicated heating elements to prevent fogging, icing, or snow buildup, ensuring reliable operation in adverse weather conditions. The 2025 Model Y refresh (including 2026 model year Juniper variants) introduced enhancements to the rear-facing camera, including a wider field of view and improved water-repellent housing. User-selectable display modes allow customization of the backup camera view. By default, the system displays the rear view along with images from the side cameras (if equipped) for improved situational awareness during reversing. Drivers can perform a vertical swipe up or down on the touchscreen to hide or show the side camera views. Software update 2025.20 added a toggle button in the top-left corner of the rear camera feed, enabling switching between the original narrower view and the wider view. The interior cabin camera, located above the rearview mirror, supports driver monitoring for Autopilot and FSD features by using infrared (IR) illumination in low-light or dark conditions to enable night vision, which results in grayscale (black and white) footage for enhanced visibility. In conditions with sufficient light, such as daylight or interior lighting, saved Sentry Mode clips from the cabin camera display in color. Despite these advancements, FSD Supervised remains in beta status and requires constant driver supervision, with no capability for unsupervised operation; Tesla emphasizes that it is not fully autonomous and may disengage in challenging conditions like heavy rain or unmapped roads. Over-the-air updates continue to address limitations, such as refining Smart Summon for more reliable and reducing false positives in traffic light recognition, but regulatory approval varies by region, with full feature availability limited to areas like the U.S., , and parts of .

Reception and market impact

Critical reviews and awards

The Tesla Model Y has received generally positive critical reception, particularly for its performance, range, and value in the electric SUV segment, though early models faced scrutiny over build quality. Edmunds awarded the Model Y an expert rating of 8.0 out of 10, highlighting its strong value proposition, impressive range exceeding 300 miles on a single charge, and engaging driving dynamics, while noting that pre-2022 versions suffered from inconsistent build quality and panel gaps. The 2025 refresh addressed many of these concerns, with reviewers praising enhancements in ride comfort, interior refinement, and overall polish that elevate it to compete with luxury rivals. Top Gear's review of the 2025 Model Y commended the updated interior for being quieter and more comfortable, with improved materials and noise insulation contributing to a calmer driving experience, though it critiqued the minimalist design for lacking distinctiveness. Electrifying.com gave the 2025 model a high score of 9 out of 10, emphasizing its class-leading range—up to 387 miles WLTP in the Premium Rear-Wheel Drive variant (up to 357 miles EPA in the Premium RWD variant)—as a key advantage, alongside upgraded seats with better support and advanced tech features like an enhanced rear . Common praises across reviews include the Model Y's exhilarating , often described as "punch-in-the-gut" quick even in base trims, and low running costs around $0.03 per mile due to efficient electric and access to the network. Criticisms frequently center on the minimalist , which can feel overwhelming for drivers accustomed to physical controls, and Tesla's limited service network in some regions. The Model Y has garnered numerous awards for safety, design, and overall excellence. It earned the (IIHS) Top Safety Pick+ designation for the fifth consecutive year in 2025, recognizing superior and advanced driver-assistance features. In 2020, it was a finalist for the World Car of the Year, celebrated for pioneering electric innovation. named it SUV of the Year in 2022, lauding its blend of performance, handling, and range in the compact luxury category. Green Car Reports has repeatedly honored it as a top electric in recent years, citing its efficiency and environmental impact. Additional accolades include ' Best Electric Car of the Year for 2024 and the 2025 Australian Good Design Award Gold for product design excellence.

Sales performance and industry influence

The Tesla Model Y recorded global sales of 1.22 million units in 2023, marking it as the best-selling worldwide and the top-selling passenger car overall for the first time in history. This figure represented a 64% increase from 2022, driven by expanding production at facilities in the United States, , and . In 2024, sales declined to approximately 1.09 million units, making it the world's best-selling car globally amid heightened competition from rivals like BYD and legacy automakers, while remaining the leading EV model. The refreshed Model Y, introduced in early 2025 with design and efficiency updates akin to the updated Model 3, has shown signs of rebounding demand, with year-to-date deliveries through the third quarter contributing to Tesla's overall vehicle output of approximately 1.18 million units for Model 3 and Y combined. In Europe, the Tesla Model Y was the most popular BEV model throughout 2025. Full-year sales data for 2025 is not yet available, as official global figures have not been released by authoritative sources. In terms of , the Model Y accounted for roughly 9% of global sales in 2023, out of an estimated 14 million EVs sold worldwide, while Tesla as a whole held about 13% of the EV market. Within the , it dominated the midsize segment, capturing over 50% of electric sales and outselling traditional competitors like the in certain quarters. These figures underscore the Model Y's role in elevating Tesla's position, with the vehicle comprising nearly 70% of the company's total deliveries in 2023. The Model Y's commercial success has profoundly influenced the industry, accelerating the global transition to EVs by demonstrating viability in the high-volume midsize category. It pressured legacy automakers to expedite their EV strategies, exemplified by ' launch of the EV in late 2024 as a direct affordable competitor targeting the same family-oriented market. This momentum contributed to Tesla reaching a market valuation peak of nearly $800 billion in December 2023, reflecting investor confidence in its EV leadership. However, challenges emerged in 2022 when Tesla implemented aggressive price reductions on the Model Y—lowering the base Long Range model's price from around $65,000 to under $48,000 by year-end—to counteract softening demand amid recession concerns and inventory buildup. These cuts, which extended into 2023 with further drops to approximately $40,000, prioritized volume growth over margins and helped sustain market penetration.

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