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Tuxedo Mask
Tuxedo Mask
Tuxedo Mask
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Tuxedo Mask
Sailor Moon character
Tuxedo Mask as drawn by Naoko Takeuchi
First appearanceSailor Moon chapter 1: "Usagi - Sailor Moon" (1991)
Created byNaoko Takeuchi
Voiced byJapanese:
Tōru Furuya
Kenji Nojima (Sailor Moon Crystal)
English:
Rino Romano (DiC dub)
Toby Proctor (DiC dub)
Vince Corazza (CWi dub)
Robbie Daymond (Viz dub)
In-universe information
Full nameMamoru Chiba
AliasPrince Endymion (past life name)
King Endymion
Endou (manga)
Moonlight Knight (anime)
Metaria Endymion (PGSM)
Space Knight (musicals)
SpouseSailor Moon / Neo-Queen Serenity (wife)
RelativesMr. Chiba (father, deceased)
Mrs. Chiba (mother, deceased)
Small Lady (daughter)
The Tsukino family
NationalityJapanese
AffiliationsSailor Guardians
Dark Kingdom (while brainwashed)
Shadow Galactica (manga and Sailor Moon Crystal)
Powers and AbilitiesPsychic powers
Use of roses as darts
Energy projection

Tuxedo Mask (タキシード仮面, Takishīdo Kamen), also known as Mamoru Chiba (地場 衛, Chiba Mamoru; renamed Darien Shields in some English adaptations), is a fictional character and one of the primary protagonists of the Sailor Moon media franchise created by Naoko Takeuchi. He disguises himself to support the series' central heroines, the Sailor Guardians. Wearing a mask to conceal his identity, he interferes with enemy operations, offers the Sailor Guardians advice, and sometimes physically aids them in battle. He is the guardian and protector of the Earth, thus making him a member of the Sailor Guardians.[1]

Like the Sailor Guardians, Tuxedo Mask possesses a power item: a Sailor Crystal, which gives him guardianship over the planet Earth. He also has psychic powers, including psychometry and healing, which evolve and become important to the storyline in the manga, but which play only a minor role and remain static in the anime. Along with his primary love interest Sailor Moon, a significant player in much of the story, he has royal credentials in the "past life" storyline as well as in the future.

Profile

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Mamoru Chiba first appears as a high-school student studying at Moto-Azabu High School. Before the beginning of the series, his parents are killed in a car crash on his sixth birthday, which revealed the memories of his previous life as Prince Endymion.[2] Living alone, Mamoru befriends school student Usagi Tsukino. In the beginning of the series, dreams of Princess Serenity haunt Mamoru. Unaware of his dual-identity as Tuxedo Mask, he suffers painful visions whenever Usagi becomes endangered, and he transforms unknowingly into Tuxedo Mask. As Mamoru, he tries to piece together his strange dreams, and as Tuxedo Mask, he tries to remember his past and identity, while searching for Princess Serenity. He seeks the Legendary Silver Crystal in the belief that this will fully restore his previous memories. In the anime adaptation, he seeks it because Princess Serenity tells him to in a dream. Of all the characters, Mamoru gets brainwashed and captured the most throughout the series.

Mamoru and Usagi share romantic feelings well before they discover their identities.[2] Once they became a couple, they remain deeply devoted to each other and their love survives many trials. In the manga they briefly show jealousy towards each other. Usagi always addresses him as "Mamo" (まもちゃん) throughout the series during this time-period (Chibiusa also addresses him with this nickname later on). After dating for two years, Mamoru gives Usagi an engagement ring at an airport.[3] Five years later, Mamoru and Usagi marry.[4] In the future, they become king and queen and have a child together whom they name "Small Lady", known in the majority of the series as "Chibiusa".

Mamoru Chiba as seen in the 1990s anime

Mamoru struggles with his identity and function throughout the series, worrying first about his true nature, then later whether he gets in the way of the Sailor Guardians.[5] A fair amount of subtle characterization is made for Mamoru, and later extending his role within the manga as to who he is.[6] He also is given the power of psychometry, which also showed up in the anime, but was not given a name. This manifests in his ability to see and read dreams (such as Chibiusa's), to heal people and to monitor the status of the Earth. This does not develop fully until the Black Moon arc, and is used occasionally throughout the series.[7]

In the original anime adaptation, Mamoru is a generally outgoing person, though somewhat acerbic, and appears as a college student. He demonstrates interests in a variety of subjects and emerges as smart.[8] The musical Kakyu Ouhi Kourin shows that he is aspiring to become a doctor.[9] He also "dates" Rei Hino for a short time before the revelation of all the past-life identities, though he believes they are just friends. This history stirs jealousy in Usagi in later seasons. Sailor Moon Crystal, the second anime adaptation, follows the manga continuity and thus has Mamoru as a high school student, without much interaction with Rei. Unlike the original anime, Mamoru and Usagi start getting along relatively quickly instead of having to warm up to each other.

Most of Sailor Moon's transformations and final victories come as a result of her and Tuxedo Mask cooperating together. In the final battle against the Dark Kingdom, Queen Metaria absorbs Sailor Moon and Tuxedo Mask into her body. However, they succeed in combining their powers through the Silver Crystal and destroy Queen Metalia from within.[10] Tuxedo Mask also combines his power into Super Sailor Moon's last item with the rest of the Guardians using the Golden Crystal.[6] In the Infinity story arc he combines his powers with Sailor Moon to create the next scepter. This happens in episode 91, "The Rod of Love is born: Usagi's New Transformation." The manga tends to show Mamoru as quiet, studious, mysterious and stoic. The student body of his high school often admires him for these qualities.[11] The anime adaptation also tends to make him appear in every episode to save Sailor Moon's life. His attacks in the anime resemble those shown in the manga, but are not named.

In the musical adaptations, Mamoru protects Usagi and generally appears at her side. However, several of his relationships change in different settings: for example, one musical reveals Queen Beryl as Mamoru's fiancé from his time as Prince of the Earth. Associating with Silver Millennium was against Earth law, and Endymion violated this law when he fell in love with Princess Serenity. In this version of events, Serenity and Endymion are outlaws (similar to Romeo and Juliet) who drive an otherwise innocent woman, Beryl, to evil by making her jealous.[12][better source needed] Sailor Pluto also reveals that she is in love with Endymion, though she has contented herself with watching from afar.[13]

Another variation occurs in the Ryuusei Densetsu musical, when Galaxia does not kill Mamoru, leaving him able to fight alongside the Sailor Guardians. Mamoru typically gets very involved in the Sailor Guardians' battles, fighting alongside them as opposed to his anime role of throwing a rose and then letting Sailor Moon deliver the finishing blow.

Tuxedo Mask always gets his own song; these songs vary from musical to musical. One musical featured multiple songs as both the present Mamoru appeared as Tuxedo Mask and later King Endymion appeared in disguise as Space Knight to look out for Chibiusa.[14]

In the live-action series, Mamoru is a more silent, yet dedicated person. For example, he stays loyal to his girlfriend Hina, despite not loving her, on the basis of a promise they made as children.[15][16] He searches for the Silver Crystal due to his amnesia: dreams told him that the magical object could restore his memories. To do this, he donned the Tuxedo Mask disguise and became a thief, searching for the Silver Crystal.[17] Once he regained his memories of his past and present lives, he assumed his Endymion form to help the Sailor Guardians and tried his best to protect Usagi from the dangers of overusing the Silver Crystal.[16] However, because of his dedication he has to join the Dark Kingdom or the Four Kings of Heaven will be killed.[18] He also joins to keep a promise with Usagi that they will not destroy the planet.[19] Learning that the Silver Crystal made Metaria stronger every time Sailor Moon used it, Endymion took Metaria into his body before succumbing to its dark power. Now an evil parody of himself, Dark Prince Endymion, he almost kills Sailor Mercury when Sailor Moon was forced to kill him to stop Metaria, causing Sailor Moon to kill herself but they survive.[20] However they were saved. Mamo's pocket watch stops the sword from through Sailor Moon. His knights from a past life’gems saves him though the knights were killed. He revives once Sailor Moon manages to finally control the Crystal's power and destroys Metaria for good.[21]

Aspects and forms

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As a character with different incarnations, special powers, transformations, and a long lifetime spanning the Silver Millennium era and the 30th century, Mamoru gains multiple aspects and aliases as the series progresses.

Tuxedo Mask

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"Tuxedo Mask" represents a disguise Mamoru created for himself in order to hunt for the Silver Crystal incognito and—later—to assist the Sailor Guardians in battle. In addition to his white mask, he wears a full-dress tailcoat (as opposed to the dinner jacket of an actual tuxedo) with a red-lined black cape, white gloves, and a top hat. In the anime and live-action series, he carries a black baton which he uses like a sword. He takes the place of Sailor Earth.[22][23]

The anime shows him standing on poles, defying gravity, and acting as a "swoop-in" type. He appears less developed, and has no special powers or named attacks, but remains a constant force in helping the Sailor Guardians throughout the series when they are in trouble. At the beginning he cannot control the transformation and his body automatically (and painfully) transforms if Sailor Moon is in danger. By the end of the first story arc, he can willingly activate the transformation. In a stylized henshin sequence, this is indicated by pulling a rose out of his pocket which then changes colors, and his tuxedo and mask fly in.[24] Later in the series he is shown transforming instantaneously.[25]

In the manga, he starts out as an ordinary thief trying to find the Silver Crystal. Luna initially tells Usagi not to trust him, but relents when they begin to fall in love and his true identity emerges. His function goes beyond that of the rescuer portrayed so often in the anime – it is frequently Sailor Moon who goes to his rescue, and he lends her strength, support, and guidance to use the Silver Crystal to defeat the enemies in return.

In the fourth story arc of the manga Helios reinforces Tuxedo Mask's role as a hero by revealing that he, as the Prince of the Golden Kingdom, Elysion, possesses a holy stone in the same way that the Princess of the Silver Millennium owns the Silver Crystal.[26] This holy stone is the Golden Crystal, the Sailor Crystal of the Earth.

Prince Endymion

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Endymion in the live-action adaptation

Prince Endymion (プリンス・エンディミオン, Purinsu Endimion) was the crown prince of planet Earth during the age of Silver Millennium and Mamoru's identity in his previous life. He resided in the Golden Kingdom, which protected the Earth from within. Even though he and Elysion's guardian Helios never met each other in person during that time, they shared the common desire to protect the planet.[26] Endymion also had four guardians, the Four Kings of Heaven, who protected him.[27] He and Princess Serenity fell in love, breaking the taboo between their peoples which was exploited by Queen Metaria when she corrupted the people of Earth. Being killed by Beryl when she attempted to kill Serenity,[28] the 90s anime depicting his death with the princess committed by Metaria herself,[29] Prince Endymion is reincarnated in the 20th century as Mamoru Chiba.

The manga often portrays Prince Endymion as the silent protagonist; his past life remains a mystery. Mamoru usually does not transform into Prince Endymion willfully, but is usually used as a power-up from his Tuxedo Mask form. Mamoru was under Metaria's thralldom, he assumed an evil form of Endymion and used his power to hypnotize Motoki Furuhata to assume he was his best friend "Endou".[30] In the 90s anime, Mamoru can transform into Prince Endymion. Often this occurs when Sailor Moon transforms into Princess Serenity. As in the manga, he wears black armor.

In the live-action series, Endymion wears white, and after obtaining this form it becomes Mamoru's primary combat form.[31] He gains the power of teleportation, a power shared by the Four Kings of Heaven.[32][33] After he takes Metaria into his body, his armor and accessories blacken as he becomes known as Metaria Endymion with trace remnants of his white armor in his possessed state.[34]

King Endymion

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Later in the series Mamoru emerges as King Endymion, King of 30th-century Crystal Tokyo. He is the husband of Neo-Queen Serenity, and father of Chibiusa. As king of Crystal Tokyo his royal garments are a white and lavender tuxedo, as well as a royal staff. King Endymion's first appearance is at the end of manga and Crystal Act 18. He is not actually in a physical form but a spiritual entity guarding the Crystal Palace while his real body sleeps.[35] During this time he helps to guide the Sailor Guardians and his past self against the Dark Moon Kingdom. It is then revealed to the Sailor Guardians that Mamoru never aged due to the Silver Crystal's power. It is the ghost of King Endymion who instructs Tuxedo Mask in the first use of his attack "Tuxedo La Smoking Bomber."[35] Prince Endymion becomes King at the end of the battle with the Dead Moon Circus when Helios, the priest of his former home, Elysion, hands him his sacred golden crystal atop his king's staff. After this, both Tuxedo Mask and Sailor Moon turn into their respective future selves, all of the Sailor Guardians transform into their princess forms.[6] However, after this point, Mamoru is not seen in this form again.

The anime shows King Endymion only in the future as the father of Small Lady and the King of Crystal Tokyo. He also appears as a computerized image when they first meet him. However, he is never shown to fight in battle. Diana makes a comment about the future King and Queen. She says in SuperS that the King and Queen like to fake being sick to be excused from attending important banquets and meetings.[36] In the original English dub, he was not referred to as Endymion; only the "King of the Earth" or "The King" or "King Darien".

Moonlight Knight

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Mamoru as Moonlight Knight

Moonlight Knight (月影の騎士, Tsukikage no Naito), clad in Arabian robes while possessing a saber and white roses, appears in the 1990s anime during the "Hell Tree" arc of Sailor Moon R. When Usagi wished to be a normal girl at the end of the 90s depiction of the "Dark Kingdom" arc, Mamoru was included with the Sailor Guardians' memories being magically sealed to resume civilian lives. But Mamoru's subconscious desire to protect Usagi caused his sealed memories to leave his body and assume physical form as Moonlight Knight, existing independently from Mamoru.[37] Like with Tuxedo Mask, with even Mamoru a suspect, Usagi assumed every cute guy she met was Moonlight Knight before learning his true identity. It was only once Mamoru recovered his memories and regained his ability of becoming Tuxedo Mask that Moonlight Knight ceased to exist and reintegrated back into Mamoru's being.

Special powers and items

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Tuxedo Mask using Tuxedo La Smoking Bomber in Sailor Moon Crystal

Even in civilian form, Mamoru demonstrates a variety of psychic powers throughout each series. In both the anime and manga he uses psychometry to read past, present, and future events through touch,[38] and heals others' wounds through psychokinesis.[39] Inconsistently, he is shown teleporting; just once in the anime while under Queen Beryl's power,[40] and several times as Prince Endymion in the live-action series.

Mamoru also demonstrates a spiritual connection with Usagi: he can detect when she has transformed into Sailor Moon.[41] Early on in the anime series, before they become friends, this connection forcibly transforms Mamoru into Tuxedo Mask so that he can protect her.[42] In later episodes, he seems to have control over his transformations, although he still shows up shortly after the start of most of the battles, no matter how far away from the developing situation.[43]

On one occasion the anime gives Tuxedo Mask a stylized transformation sequence, with his tuxedo and accessories forming around him as he flings a rose. He does not shout any special phrase, although his voice-actor jokingly ad-libbed the line "Tuxedo Power! Make up!"[44] He also acquires a transformation in the live-action series, using the same phrase, which is a part of an outrageous story he tells Usagi about how he became Tuxedo Mask. This transformation is initiated with a special band-aid, and the sequence consists of Mamoru pulling on his pants and coat with dramatic flair.[45]

Once transformed, Tuxedo Mask displays additional powers. In the anime shows these as mainly physical, while the manga depicts them as rare and magical. His iconic mainstay in the anime involves the use of roses, thrown like darts to injure or distract enemies.[46] He can also twirl them or throw a wide array to block attacks,[47] or can throw many at a time to pin an enemy down.[48] He seems to have an unlimited supply of these roses, which are supernaturally strong and embed themselves in most any material, including concrete. In addition, when Mamoru takes on different forms or aspects, his roses change color accordingly. Tuxedo Mask's roses are red, the evil Prince Endymion's are black (and electrified), and the Moonlight Knight's are white.

Tuxedo Mask's secondary weapon, his cane, often serves as a sword,[49] and he can extend its length, either to attack or to rescue people.[50] As both Prince Endymion and Moonlight Knight, he uses real swords of different styles.

In the manga, Tuxedo Mask can blast energy from his hand, crying out "Tuxedo La Smoking Bomber!" He also has a combination attack with his daughter, Sailor Chibi Moon: "Pink Sugar Tuxedo Attack."[51] The musicals reproduce this attack, and in the second anime, he gradually learns to use it over the course of the first season.

Mamoru's most important magical possession in the manga, the Golden Crystal, serves as both his star seed and as the Sailor Crystal of the Earth. He uses it in combination with Sailor Moon's Silver Crystal to defend the Solar System.[6] In the anime, although Mamoru has the "golden star seed" of Earth, it differs from the Golden Crystal, which instead is possessed by Pegasus and can be used by people with good intentions.[52]

Development

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Takeuchi designed the character of Tuxedo Mask as her own ideal of a man,[53] describing him as "strong, silent, unshakeable, a little like Captain Harlock."[54] Takeuchi based his design on Shonentai member Noriyuki Higashiyama and she also took inspiration from Kaito Kid, the main character of the manga Magic Kaito by Gosho Aoyama.[55] Takeuchi originally intended his persona as Tuxedo Mask to "have more mysteries and take a greater role."[56]

The kanji in Mamoru's surname translate as "earth" (地, chi) and "place" (場, ba). Together, they form the term "local," with a pun on his identity as Endymion, Prince of Earth. His given name means "protect" (衛, mamoru).

Originally Naoko Takeuchi used the codename "Mysterious 2098 Face" for Tuxedo Mask. She later expressed bewilderment at herself for the idea.[57] Although Takeuchi had designed his costume herself, she found it difficult to draw, as it had many parts to it; she often forgot to draw parts of it in the early manga.[58] She later had the same problem with Sailor Galaxia's costume.

Tōru Furuya stated in a making-of extra that he had an influence on the development of the anime persona of Tuxedo Mask. When asked about any differences between the anime and manga counterparts, he ad-libbed "I'm driving." Because of this, Tuxedo Mask became more comical.[59]

The name Endymion fits particularly appropriately as a reference to Greek mythology. The Greek Endymion falls in love with Selene, the Greek goddess of the moon.[60]

Actors

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Mamoru Chiba was originally voiced by Tōru Furuya in the first Japanese anime series and related media.[61] Furuya described the role as "very special to me."[62] Mamoru was voiced by Kenji Nojima in Sailor Moon Crystal and all media since. In the DIC and Cloverway English adaptations, his name is changed to Darien Chiba and his voice is first provided by Rino Romano for the first eleven episodes, Toby Proctor for the next fifty-five episodes, and Vince Corazza for the rest of the series and its films. In the Viz Media English dub, Mamoru's voice is supplied by Robbie Daymond.[63][64]

In the stage musicals, different actors and actreses have played Mamoru: Mizuki Sano, Yūta Mochizuki, Yuuta Enomoto, Kousei Amano, Hidemasa Edo, Kenji Urai, Yuu Shirota, Gyo Miyamoto, Yūga Yamato, Mikako Ishii, Riona Tatemichi,[65] and Mitsuki Tenju.[66] Creator Naoko Takeuchi has described Sano's portrayal of Mamoru as "a cute, sweet boy."[67] Yūta Mochizuki, the longest-running among the musical actors, went on to perform as King Endymion during Fumina Hara's musicals.[68]

In the live action series, Mamoru was portrayed by Jouji Shibue.[69]

Reception and influence

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The official Sailor Moon-character popularity-polls listed Mamoru Chiba, Tuxedo Mask, and Endymion as separate entities. In 1992, readers ranked Tuxedo Mask as the twelfth most popular character, Prince Endymion as the fifteenth most popular character, and Mamoru Chiba as the sixteenth most popular character out of thirty eight choices.[70] One year later, now with fifty choices, King Endymion became the eighteenth most popular character, while Tuxedo Mask and Mamoru came in at twentieth and twenty-first respectively.[71] Moonlight Knight, being an anime only form, was never included in the manga popularity polls. Tuxedo Mask was the fourth favorite male character in a May 1993 Animage poll,[72] and Mamoru was seventh the following year.[73]

Although Takeuchi herself had a soft spot for Mamoru, she has said that friends complained to her about Usagi being in love with "such a useless guy."[74] He has been described as being both a "dashing hero" and a "boy-damsel in distress" by Jonathan Clements and Helen McCarthy.[75] He has even been called a "liability" and a "burden," his relationship with Usagi being described as a child-mother relationship rather than that of a principality couple. Usagi is said to show him amae, or "indulgent love."[76] When compared to male leads of male-targeted series, Mamoru, although unafraid of girls, seems uncomfortable with them. He also gives the impression of a "character who never laughs or has fun": "noble, passive and effectively totally ineffectual."[77]

The image of the top hat and cape also influenced the early making of "Tuxedo Umino Mask" ("Tuxedo Melvin" in the original dub) in the anime.[78] In this particular episode, Umino tries to impress Naru by dressing up like Tuxedo Mask. This image was also used later in the manga for Tubby Mask for the Chibiusa Picture Diary, Story of the Hammer Price Shrine. This character was based on Makoto Hanmatsuura, who bid ¥2 million in a charity auction for the Kobe earthquake disaster to be put in the Sailor Moon manga.[79]

See also

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References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Tuxedo Mask

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Tuxedo Mask (タキシード仮面, Takkishīdo Kamen), whose civilian identity is the college student Mamoru Chiba (sometimes localized as Darien Shields), is a central character in Naoko Takeuchi's manga and franchise. As the modern reincarnation of Prince Endymion, the guardian of Earth from the ancient Silver Millennium era, he transforms into a masked vigilante to aid (Usagi Tsukino) and the Sailor Guardians in their battles against evil forces threatening the world. Orphaned in a car accident that left him with , Mamoru is initially driven by prophetic dreams of a silver-haired princess and a mystical crystal, leading him to seek the Silver Crystal before discovering his true role as 's protector and love interest. In the series, Tuxedo Mask serves primarily as emotional and tactical support rather than a frontline fighter, using his charisma and ingenuity to bolster the team during crises. His abilities include psychic powers such as psychometry (reading objects' histories or futures through touch) and via dreams, along with combat tools like energy-infused roses thrown as projectiles, a versatile cane for melee or ranged attacks, and, in his princely form, a . He can also channel and heal energy, acting as a vital "battery" for Sailor Moon's powers in pivotal moments. Tuxedo Mask's character subverts typical romance tropes by emphasizing mutual growth and in his relationship with , evolving from a mysterious rival to a devoted partner who nurtures her confidence and shares in her burdens. In the future timeline, he becomes King Endymion, ruling Crystal Tokyo alongside Neo-Queen Serenity () and raising their daughter, . Portrayed as handsome, brooding yet kind-hearted, he embodies Takeuchi's ideal of a supportive male lead, influencing the franchise's themes of love, destiny, and planetary guardianship.

Character Overview

Profile

Mamoru Chiba is the civilian identity of the character known as Tuxedo Mask in Naoko Takeuchi's series. He is depicted as a college student living in the district of , having been orphaned as a child in a car accident that also resulted in permanent . Physically, Mamoru is tall, standing at approximately 5 feet 8 inches, with dark hair and blue eyes; he is often portrayed wearing formal attire that reflects his sophisticated demeanor. His age progresses from 17 (in the ) or 21 (in the ) in early story arcs to 20 () or 23 () by later ones, aligning with his transition from high school to university life. Personality-wise, he is chivalrous and protective, initially coming across as aloof and independent but revealing a deeply caring nature and a strong sense of justice as his relationships deepen. In the anime, he initially suffers during his transformations as Tuxedo Mask, unaware of his dual identity until later revelations. Mamoru first appears in the manga in Act 1, serialized starting in , and in the in Episode 1, which aired on March 7, 1992, both times as a mysterious caped figure who aids the Sailor Moon in her initial battle. He serves as the romantic partner to Usagi Tsukino, also known as , with their bond central to the narrative; in future timelines, he is the father of their daughter, . Mamoru is the present-day reincarnation of Prince Endymion, the prince of Earth's ancient Golden Kingdom.

Background and Role in the Series

Tuxedo Mask's narrative origins trace back to the ancient Silver Millennium, an era where he existed as Prince Endymion, the crown prince of and leader of the Elysion Guardians who protected Princess Serenity and the Moon Kingdom from external threats, including the corrupting influence of Queen Metalia. He protected Princess Serenity, who possessed the Silver Crystal as the daughter of Queen Serenity. Endymion's forbidden romance with the princess symbolized the alliance between and the Moon, ultimately contributing to the cataclysmic fall of the Silver Millennium when jealousy and brainwashing led to his death alongside hers. Reincarnated in the modern day as Mamoru Chiba, Tuxedo Mask retains latent memories of this past, driving his initial quest for the Silver Crystal to unlock his forgotten history. Throughout the series, Tuxedo Mask evolves from an enigmatic ally interfering in battles against the to a central romantic partner for , marked by repeated self-sacrifices that underscore his protective role. In the Dark Kingdom arc, he is brainwashed by Kunzite into serving as a puppet Prince Endymion, forcing Sailor Moon to confront and free him, and later dies shielding Sailor Moon from a fatal energy blast by Kunzite, allowing her to awaken as Princess Serenity and defeat Queen Beryl. Later arcs see similar patterns of vulnerability, such as in the conflict, where he is brainwashed by the and his future self as King Endymion emerges from the shadows of Crystal Tokyo to guide the present-day heroes against , affirming his enduring guardianship of . These events position him as a pivotal supporting whose vulnerabilities—such as periodic capture and revival—require mutual rescue efforts from , evolving their dynamic into one of balanced partnership. Thematically, Tuxedo Mask embodies mature, supportive love intertwined with Earth's masculine guardianship, contrasting the Sailor Guardians' lunar while subverting traditional tropes through reciprocal protection. His arc highlights vulnerability in heroism, as he frequently endangers himself for yet relies on her to revive him, challenging the damsel-in-distress narrative by emphasizing emotional interdependence over unilateral rescue. In the manga's and arcs, this culminates in his leadership as King Endymion, ruling Crystal Tokyo alongside Neo-Queen Serenity as a co-guardian of humanity's future, representing hope renewed through enduring partnership. Across adaptations, Tuxedo Mask's role remains faithful to Naoko Takeuchi's but receives expansions in the ; the original series extends his into a full subplot with added romantic tension, while the 2014 adaptation incorporates enhanced visual flashbacks to his Silver Millennium backstory for deeper mythological context without altering core events.

Identities and Forms

Tuxedo Mask

Tuxedo Mask is the primary identity of Mamoru Chiba in the series, serving as a masked vigilante who aids the Sailor Guardians in their battles against evil forces. This form represents his modern-day role as a protector of , drawing from his reincarnated past as Prince Endymion. In this guise, Tuxedo Mask appears as a tall, elegant figure dressed in a formal black tuxedo, complete with a flowing red-lined , white gloves, and a distinctive white mask that covers his eyes to conceal his identity. He often accessorizes with a in some depictions and is frequently seen wielding or throwing long-stemmed roses, which serve as both symbolic and practical elements in combat. The transformation into Tuxedo Mask typically occurs spontaneously in the , triggered by a need to protect the Sailor Guardians, where he flings a to initiate the change, donning his tuxedo, , , and in a swift, dramatic sequence. In the , this is occasionally accompanied by the ad-libbed phrase "Tuxedo Power, Make Up!" shouted by his voice actor, though it is not part of the original . The 's transformation is more understated, simply involving Mamoru changing into the outfit without elaborate visuals. As a , Tuxedo Mask functions as a non-magical supporter, relying on his physical agility, sharp wit, and improvised tactics rather than direct energy-based attacks, distinguishing him from the magically empowered Sailor Guardians. He primarily distracts enemies, disarms them with precisely thrown roses that can act as shields or piercing weapons, and delivers inspirational speeches to bolster his allies' resolve during critical moments. These roses, often red and thorned, symbolize his chivalrous nature and are used to create openings for the Guardians to strike. Tuxedo Mask maintains a consistent presence throughout the series' major arcs, from the conflict in the initial storyline to the arc in the final saga, where he intervenes in key battles to support and her team. In the , his portrayal is more stoic and composed, emphasizing strategic interventions, whereas the incorporates humorous elements, such as comedic timing in his arrivals or exasperated reactions, adding levity to his heroic role.

Prince Endymion

Prince Endymion served as the leader of the Golden Kingdom, located within Elysion, during the era of the Silver Millennium, acting as the guardian of against potential threats from the Moon Kingdom. He was betrothed to Princess Serenity, the daughter of Queen Serenity, and their forbidden romance symbolized the alliance between and the Moon. This union highlighted Endymion's role in maintaining peace, as he protected the planet's interests while fostering ties with lunar royalty. In appearance, Prince Endymion is depicted as a tall young man with short dark hair and blue eyes, dressed in a white formal uniform reminiscent of a tuxedo, accented with gold details, a flowing cape, and armed with a ornate sword. He wielded the Golden Crystal, Earth's counterpart to the Silver Crystal, which amplified his abilities. Key events in his history include his betrayal by courtiers influenced by Queen Metalia's dark energy, leading to his death while defending Princess Serenity during the fall of the Silver Millennium. Following his demise, Endymion was reincarnated in the modern era as Mamoru Chiba, with his past life briefly revived in visions and confrontations during the Dark Kingdom arc. Endymion's unique abilities encompassed expert , allowing him to engage in direct combat, and earth-based energy manipulation channeled through the Golden Crystal to unleash powerful blasts or barriers. He commanded the Shitennou, four elite guardians who served as his protectors and advisors, each embodying aspects of Earth's elements. These powers underscored his position as Earth's defender, distinct from his later incarnations. The portrayal of Prince Endymion differs between the and adaptations. In the by , greater emphasis is placed on political intrigue, such as the secluded nature of the Golden Kingdom in Elysion and the strategic roles of the Shitennou amid broader cosmic conflicts. Conversely, the anime shifts focus toward romantic elements, portraying his relationship with Serenity more emotionally and simplifying the Earth's political structure without the detailed Elysion lore until later seasons.

King Endymion

King Endymion is the future royal identity of Mamoru Chiba, reigning as king of alongside Neo-Queen Serenity in the 30th-century city of Crystal Tokyo, a utopian society that emerges in the aftermath of apocalyptic threats to humanity. This timeline is set approximately one thousand years in the future from the main series events, where the Silver Crystal's power grants him and his queen agelessness despite their advanced age, allowing them to govern an era of peace and prosperity. His physical form is placed in stasis during crises, but his spirit manifests to safeguard the realm. Visually, King Endymion appears in a regal suit reminiscent of a tuxedo but elevated with crown-like ornamental elements on his and attire, exuding an ethereal, glowing that underscores his spiritual and mature presence. This design contrasts with his past self's black tuxedo, symbolizing purity and otherworldliness in the manga's depiction. The coloration draws from symbolic traditions, evoking themes of transcendence and subtle foreboding in the face of existential threats to Crystal Tokyo. In the Black Moon arc, King Endymion plays a pivotal advisory role, projecting himself as a hologram to mentor his past incarnation, Tuxedo Mask, on the nature of the Clan's rebellion against Crystal Tokyo's eternal youth granted by the Silver Crystal. He reveals the clan's origins from and their ideological opposition to the utopian order, guiding the protagonists through the invasion that leaves the future in ruins. Collaborating with Tuxedo Mask, he aids in repelling invaders like Esmeraude, emphasizing the importance of unbreakable bonds to avert tragedy. His interventions ensure the survival of the royal family, including his daughter , whom he briefly acknowledges in paternal guidance. The portrayal of King Endymion differs between the manga and anime adaptations. In the manga by Naoko Takeuchi, greater emphasis is placed on his advisory and expository functions, whereas the anime adaptations simplify these elements, focusing more on direct action and romantic ties.

Moonlight Knight

The Moonlight Knight is a temporary of Mamoru Chiba that manifests during the Makai Tree arc in the original , emerging from his subconscious amid induced by events following the Dark Kingdom's defeat. This represents a projection of Mamoru's fragmented psyche and his enduring bond with , serving as a split entity that allows him to protect his allies despite his memory loss. Drawing inspiration from Arabian Nights tales and desert motifs, the Moonlight Knight appears clad in flowing white Middle Eastern-style robes, a , and armed with a , often materializing amid swirling sand or dust effects in both dream sequences and physical reality to assist and the Guardians. His ethereal entrance and poetic demeanor emphasize a mystical, guardian-like presence, contrasting Mamoru's everyday forgetfulness. He first debuts in episode 49 ("For Whom is the White Rose? The Moonlight Knight Appears"), aiding the team against a Cardian monster, and continues through the arc's conclusion. In his role as a mysterious protector, the Moonlight Knight splits off from Mamoru's essence to intervene in battles, throwing white roses to distract or weaken foes and providing timely rescues for Sailor Chibi Moon during her vulnerabilities in the arc. He offers emotional guidance through dramatic, verse-like speeches that encourage resilience and faith in love, reinforcing themes of subconscious devotion. This form fades permanently once Mamoru regains his full memories and reintegrates as at the arc's end in episode 59. The Moonlight Knight's abilities mirror those of Tuxedo Mask but adapt to his illusory, spectral nature, including the strategic use of white roses for attacks and the for close combat, while his manifestations enable independent action even near the amnesiac Mamoru. As an anime-exclusive character created for the 1993 Sailor Moon R season (episodes 49-59), he has no direct counterpart in Naoko Takeuchi's , though his design echoes broader cultural influences like the Japanese hero .

Abilities and Equipment

Powers

Tuxedo Mask's primary power source is the Golden Crystal, the Earth's equivalent to the Silver Crystal, which grants him guardianship over the planet and enables abilities such as energy projection, healing, and purification. This crystal, residing within Mamoru Chiba, fuels his transformations and supernatural feats across his various forms, acting as a stabilizing force that amplifies allied powers when combined with the Silver Crystal. His core abilities include rose-based attacks, where he hurls roses infused with protective energy to distract or harm enemies, and manifested through prophetic dreams that reveal future events or past lives. In the anime adaptation, this extends to the Tuxedo La Smoking Bomber, an energy blast launched from a , adding dramatic flair to his interventions. Additionally, he possesses psychometry, allowing empathy with Earth's spirits to sense disturbances or heal injuries without transformation, though these are more emphasized in the original . Powers evolve across forms: as Tuxedo Mask, he relies on enhanced agility and psychic intuition for support; as Prince Endymion, he projects energy blasts for direct combat; and as King Endymion, he erects planetary-scale barriers to shield against cosmic threats. However, these abilities have limitations, weakening significantly without proximity to due to their symbiotic link, and rendering him susceptible to corruption by dark energies, as seen in instances of . In the manga, Tuxedo Mask's powers are portrayed more restrained, focusing on subtle psychic and supportive roles without overt special effects, whereas the anime exaggerates them for heightened drama, incorporating flashy attacks and telepathic elements. Naoko Takeuchi has confirmed that Tuxedo Mask effectively embodies Earth's guardian in lieu of a traditional Sailor Earth, with the Golden Crystal serving as his core Sailor Crystal.

Items and Artifacts

Tuxedo Mask's signature items include his black cane and an endless supply of roses, both integral to his style and thematic role in the series. The cane functions as both a transformation aid and a melee weapon, capable of extending in length for strikes or rescues during battles. These roses serve multiple purposes, often thrown as projectiles to distract enemies, create barriers as shields, or inflict damage, as seen in the arc where a rose injures Queen Beryl. Symbolically, the roses embody love, protection, and romantic devotion, representing Tuxedo Mask's chivalrous support for and drawing from motifs of nature and charm tied to their fated relationship. Among his royal artifacts, the Golden Crystal stands as a core power amplifier, equivalent to the Silver Crystal in potency and hidden within Tuxedo Mask's body as the guardian of Earth's life force. It enables transformation into more powerful forms, amplifies energy, and protects the Golden Kingdom of Elysion, symbolizing Tuxedo Mask's vital connection to planetary vitality and his role in ushering a new era alongside Sailor Moon. Introduced in the Dream arc (Act 49), the crystal plays a pivotal role in the final Stars battle, where it aids in purification efforts against Chaos (manga Act 52). The Earth Sword, wielded by Tuxedo Mask in his Prince Endymion form, channels energy as a blade for combat, reflecting his princely heritage from the Silver Millennium. Other tools associated with Tuxedo Mask include his , which occasionally serves for distraction by being tossed as a spinning that returns like a . In future forms, such as King Endymion, he employs communication devices like holographic projectors to convey guidance and warnings from Crystal Tokyo, facilitating coordination with the Sailor Guardians across time. These items collectively enhance Tuxedo Mask's supportive presence, briefly amplifying his energy projection in tandem with innate abilities.

Creation and Adaptations

Development in Manga and Anime

Tuxedo Mask, known as Mamoru Chiba in his civilian identity, was created by as a key supporting character in the manga, debuting in the series' first chapter published in the December 1991 issue of magazine. Takeuchi drew inspiration for the character from her admiration for men in tuxedos, stating in a 1992 interview that she wanted a hero who embodied that style, while also incorporating elements from shadowy, enigmatic figures like Captain Harlock from Leiji Matsumoto's Space Pirate Captain Harlock and Chirico Cuvie from Ryosuke Takahashi's Armored Trooper Votoms, describing Tuxedo Mask as a "" of such influences. The character's name, Tuxedo Kamen in Japanese, echoes early draft concepts from Takeuchi's one-shot works around 1991, where masked heroes played protective roles in supernatural narratives. In the manga's serialization, which ran in Nakayoshi from December 1991 to February 1997, Tuxedo Mask was initially conceived as a mysterious rival to Sailor Moon, appearing as a jewel thief seeking the Silver Crystal in the opening acts and creating tension through his ambiguous motives and confrontations with the Sailor Guardians. This dynamic shifted by Act 5, where his identity as Mamoru is revealed, transforming him into Sailor Moon's romantic lead and equal partner, with their relationship emphasizing mutual support amid escalating cosmic threats. Takeuchi's narrative evolution highlighted Tuxedo Mask's role as a grounded counterpoint to the female protagonists, evolving from an outsider to an integral ally whose psychic visions and protective instincts drive key plot advancements. The character's portrayal in anime adaptations introduced notable variations from the manga source material. Toei Animation's original 1992 Sailor Moon series amplified Tuxedo Mask's humorous side, portraying him with exaggerated dramatic flair and comedic romantic banter with Usagi Tsukino, while expanding his action sequences to include chases and rose-based distractions that added levity to battles. In contrast, the adhered more closely to the manga's structure, depicting Tuxedo Mask with a more serious demeanor, refined backstory revelations in the early arcs, and faithful recreations of his evolutions into Prince Endymion and other forms, minimizing filler to focus on romantic and thematic depth. Takeuchi addressed conceptual adjustments in interviews, noting challenges in integrating a male hero into a female-led story without diminishing the women's agency; in a 1996 Animerica Magazine discussion, she explained that while she poured more emotional investment into her female characters, Tuxedo Mask represented her ideal of a supportive partner who offers protection yet underscores female strength, stating, "You can’t depend on men," to promote themes of equality and in their partnership. Early design sketches showed subtle in his lithe and masked features, which later solidified into a balanced portrayal emphasizing emotional reciprocity over dominance. The 2021 anime films , adapting the manga's Dream arc as part of the continuity, incorporated subtle power upgrades for Tuxedo Mask, enhancing his innate abilities—allowing recovery without incantations or artifacts—and telepathic links to sense 's peril, thereby strengthening his role as Earth's guardian in high-stakes confrontations with the Dead Moon Circus.

Portrayals in Media

In the original anime series that aired from 1992 to 1997, Tuxedo Mask was voiced by in Japanese, bringing a charismatic and mature tone to the character that became a hallmark of the role across subsequent adaptations. Furuya reprised the role in later seasons, films, and many video games, including the 1995 RPG Sailor Moon SuperS: Fuwa Fuwa Panic, where his delivery emphasized Tuxedo Mask's heroic poise and romantic depth. This casting choice reflected an evolution toward deeper, more authoritative voices to convey the character's maturity, contrasting with earlier experimental dubs. For the English dubs of the 1990s anime by DiC Entertainment and Cloverway, Tuxedo Mask had multiple voice actors due to production changes: Rino Romano for episodes 1-11, Toby Proctor for episodes 12-65, and Vincent Corazza for episodes 66 onward and the films, each adapting the role to fit the series' youthful energy while navigating censorship and localization. In the 2014 Sailor Moon Crystal reboot, Kenji Nojima provided the Japanese voice, offering a slightly softer, more introspective portrayal suited to the manga's closer adaptation, while Robbie Daymond handled the English dub, praised for capturing the character's suave charisma in international releases during the 2020s. The Netflix/Viz redub of the classic series retained the original Japanese voice cast, including Furuya as Tuxedo Mask. International dubs further varied the portrayal, such as in the Brazilian Portuguese version, where actors like Cássius Romero and César Marchetti added dramatic flair influenced by local soap opera styles. In live-action adaptations, the 2003-2004 tokusatsu series Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon featured Jōji Shibue as Mamoru Chiba/Tuxedo Mask, portraying him as a brooding college student with physical agility in fight scenes that highlighted his supportive to the Sailor Guardians. The Sera Myu stage musicals, running from 1993 to 2005 and revived in later years, showcased a rotating cast for Tuxedo Mask, with early performers like Mizuki Sano in 1993 emphasizing dramatic entrances and rose-throwing theatrics, followed by Yūta Mochizuki from 1994 to 1998 for a consistent, elegant interpretation across multiple productions. Recent international tours of the Super Live musical in 2023, including performances in , continued this tradition with actors like Tatemichi, adapting the for global audiences while preserving the character's iconic top-hat and cape silhouette. This included the 2025 North American tour, again featuring Tatemichi as Tuxedo Mask. These portrayals often incorporated cultural nuances, such as heightened romantic gestures in Asian stagings to resonate with theater traditions.

Cultural Impact

Reception

Tuxedo Mask has received mixed critical reception, with praise for subverting traditional gender tropes by often positioning him as the one in need of , thereby challenging the damsel-in-distress narrative common in shoujo manga. This inversion highlights themes of mutual support between him and , as noted in analyses of the series. However, early critiques from the onward have pointed to his limited combat abilities compared to the Sailor Guardians, portraying him as underpowered and reliant on dramatic entrances rather than substantial contributions to battles. Among fans, Tuxedo Mask is celebrated as an iconic , frequently featured in at conventions due to his distinctive tuxedo and rose-throwing aesthetic, which has sustained his visibility in fan culture. Debates persist regarding his perceived "uselessness" in fights—a originating from episodes where he provides minimal physical aid—versus his emotional depth as a supportive partner who bolsters Sailor Moon's confidence. In terms of recognition, Tuxedo Mask ranked as the fourth most popular male character in Animage's May 1993 poll and seventh for Mamoru Chiba the following year, reflecting strong initial appeal among anime audiences. Academic examinations of shoujo manga have analyzed his role in disrupting rigid gender binaries, portraying him as a figure of emotional vulnerability that complements the female leads' strength. Post-2010 reevaluations have increasingly emphasized the equality in his partnership with , viewing their dynamic as a model of balanced romance where both characters save each other repeatedly, aligning with contemporary discussions on gender in media. Recent feminist readings from the 2020s further explore this through lenses of and , highlighting how his character evolves to represent supportive without dominance. The adaptation's portrayal of Tuxedo Mask, with its humorous and exaggerated dramatic flair, has proven more enduringly beloved by audiences than the manga's more serious depiction, where his abilities and narrative centrality receive greater emphasis but less levity.

Influence and Legacy

Tuxedo Mask has established a lasting of the masked in , characterized by dramatic interventions, emotional support, and a blend of mystery and that influenced subsequent male supporting characters in the genre during the and beyond. In Western fandom, Tuxedo Mask became a frequent subject of parodies and memes, particularly the recurring "Tuxedo Mask is useless" trope originating in the , which humorously critiques his limited combat role by exaggerating moments where he appears to contribute minimally before departing dramatically. This , often depicted with captions like "My job here is done," spread widely online and highlighted his iconic yet polarizing presence in discussions of Sailor Moon's dynamics. Within the Sailor Moon franchise, Tuxedo Mask's core traits—such as his rose-throwing theatrics and unwavering loyalty—continued to be reinforced in later adaptations, including the 2023 films Sailor Moon Cosmos: The Movie, where he plays a pivotal role in the final battle alongside the Sailor Guardians, emphasizing his evolution into King Endymion; these films were made available on Netflix starting in 2024. The character's enduring appeal has driven significant merchandise sales, with the overall franchise generating over $14 billion worldwide as of 2024, reflecting his prominence in collectibles like figurines and apparel. In 2025, this legacy persisted through new merchandise releases such as reissued figures of Tuxedo Mask with Sailor Moon, collaboration cafes featuring original artwork by Naoko Takeuchi, and live musical performances like Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon The Super Live. Tuxedo Mask contributed to the evolution of male leads in shoujo anime by providing a supportive, introspective counterpart to the female protagonists, moving away from one-dimensional romantic figures toward more nuanced partners who offer encouragement and shared , setting a blueprint for depth in later series. Academic analyses have examined Tuxedo Mask's role in the globalization of Japanese anime tropes, noting how Sailor Moon's portrayal of romantic heroism facilitated the franchise's adaptation and reception in international markets, as part of broader "" initiatives promoting cultural export in the . Post-2020 streaming revivals on platforms like have renewed Tuxedo Mask's popularity, with the franchise accumulating 7.7 million hours viewed globally by 2023, underscoring his continued resonance amid the boom.

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