Hubbry Logo
Voice changeVoice changeMain
Open search
Voice change
Community hub
Voice change
logo
7 pages, 0 posts
0 subscribers
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Voice change
Voice change
Voice change
View on Wikipedia
from Wikipedia

A voice change or voice mutation, sometimes referred to as a voice break or voice crack, commonly refers to the deepening of the voice of men as they reach puberty. Before puberty both sexes have roughly similar vocal pitches, but during puberty the male voice typically deepens an octave, while the female voice gradually becomes richer.[1][2][3]

A similar effect is a "voice crack", during which a person's voice suddenly and unintentionally enters a higher register (usually falsetto) for a brief period of time. This may be caused by singing or talking at a pitch outside the person's natural vocal range, stress, fatigue, emotional tension, or the physical changes associated with puberty. An instance of a voice crack (when associated with puberty) lasts for only a moment and generally occurs less frequently as the individual grows into maturity.[4]

Anatomical changes

[edit]

Most of the voice change begins around puberty.[4] Adult pitch is reached 2–3 years later, but the voice does not stabilize until the ages of 21–25. It usually happens months or years before the development of significant facial hair. Under the influence of sex hormones (namely testosterone), the voice box, or larynx, grows in both sexes. This growth is far more prominent in males than in females and is more easily perceived. It causes the voice to drop and deepen. Along with the larynx, the vocal folds (vocal cords) grow significantly longer and thicker.

The facial bones begin to grow as well. Cavities in the sinuses, the nose, and the back of the throat grow bigger, thus creating more space within the head to allow the voice to resonate.[1] Occasionally, voice change is accompanied by unsteadiness of vocalization in the early stages of untrained voices. Due to the significant drop in pitch to the vocal range, people may unintentionally speak in head voice or even strain their voices using pitches which were previously chest voice, the lowest part of the modal voice register.

History of voice cracks

[edit]

Historical changes in the average age of puberty have had profound effects on the composing of music for children's voices. The composer Joseph Haydn was known for typically singing parts in high pitches throughout his 17th year.

Unchanged voices were in high demand for church choirs, which historically excluded women. The British cathedral choir ideal remains based on boy sopranos (or trebles), with the alto part executed by adult countertenors. In German-speaking countries, however, the alto parts are also sung by boys. Sometimes the voice lowers at stage 3 for females dropping to B3 or C4 for some the change in voice mostly happens at stage 4 including cracking and breaking for girls and same for boys. Historically, a strategy for avoiding the shift altogether was castration. Castrati are first documented in Italian church records from the 1550s.[5] Mozart's Exultate Jubilate, Allegri's Miserere and parts of Handel's Messiah were written for this voice, whose distinctive timbre was widely exploited in Baroque opera. In 1861, the practice of castration became illegal in Italy, and in 1878 Pope Leo XIII prohibited the hiring of new castrati by the church. The last castrato was Alessandro Moreschi, who served in the Sistine Chapel Choir.[6]

Singing

[edit]
See also: Boys' choir

Children are able to sing in the same octave as women. When the voices of male teenagers break, they are no longer able to sing in the same octave. For music sung in the same key as women, they can sing in falsetto or drop an octave.[7]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Voice change

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Voice change, also known as voice mutation or the breaking of the voice, refers to the physiological deepening and alteration in pitch and quality of that occurs during , primarily in males but also to a lesser extent in females, as a result of hormonal influences on the and . This transformation is driven by the surge in sex hormones, particularly testosterone in boys, which causes the to enlarge—often visibly forming the —and the vocal folds to lengthen and thicken, reducing their vibration frequency and thus lowering the voice pitch by approximately an in males. In girls, and other hormones lead to subtler changes, including a slight lowering of the average speaking pitch and occasional voice cracking, though the overall shift is less dramatic, typically spanning only a couple of tones. The process usually begins between ages 11 and 15 for boys and around 10 to 14 for girls, often accompanied by temporary voice breaks or cracks as the vocal mechanism adjusts to rapid growth. Beyond puberty, voice changes can arise from various causes in adulthood, including aging (presbyphonia), where vocal cord and tissue stiffening lead to a weaker, breathier voice; medical conditions like , vocal cord polyps, or neurological disorders such as ; and lifestyle factors including , acid reflux, or excessive vocal strain. These alterations highlight the voice's sensitivity to physiological, hormonal, and environmental influences throughout life, with marking the most notable and universal developmental shift.

Biological and Physiological Aspects

Pubertal Voice Mutation

Pubertal voice mutation refers to the physiological transformation of the voice during , driven by sex hormones that induce structural changes in the and vocal tract. This process marks a key aspect of , resulting in deeper voices, particularly in males, as the body transitions to adulthood. The mutation typically involves a period of instability, including voice cracking, before stabilizing into mature vocal characteristics. The primary hormonal triggers are surges in gonadal steroids. In males, elevated levels of testosterone and its metabolite promote rapid growth of the laryngeal framework and musculature. This leads to enlargement of the and cricoid cartilages, which form the 's protective structure, and descent of the in the , increasing overall vocal tract length from approximately 13 cm in pre-pubertal children to 16.9 cm in adults—a roughly 30% expansion. Concurrently, the vocal folds lengthen to about 1.6 cm and thicken due to increased mucosal mass, lowering the (F0, the acoustic correlate of pitch) from prepubertal levels of 220-250 Hz to post-pubertal levels of 120-150 Hz, with the average fundamental frequency for 14-year-old boys during the puberty transition at 140-180 Hz and 120 Hz indicating advanced or complete voice change—equivalent to a drop of about one . In females, rising and progesterone levels induce subtler modifications, with vocal fold length reaching approximately 1.3 cm (range 1.25-1.75 cm) and vocal tract length extending to 14.1 cm, resulting in a milder F0 reduction of 3–4 semitones, from approximately 250 Hz to 200–220 Hz. Voice instability, commonly manifested as cracking or breaking, arises from a temporary mismatch between the rapidly changing vocal anatomy and the neuromuscular control systems. During this phase, abrupt shifts in pitch, intrusions, and uncertain intonation occur as respiratory support, vocal fold vibration rates, and laryngeal coordination adapt to the enlarged structures. This phenomenon is more frequent and pronounced in males due to the accelerated rate of change, though females may experience intermittent hoarseness or breathiness from similar coordination challenges. Gender differences in pubertal voice mutation reflect divergent hormonal influences and anatomical outcomes. Males undergo a more dramatic transformation, with the enlarging disproportionately and the pitch descending by up to an , establishing a sexually dimorphic vocal profile. In contrast, female changes are less extensive, preserving a higher average pitch while introducing subtle variations, such as temporary huskiness, without significant laryngeal descent. The timeline of voice mutation aligns with pubertal progression, typically onsetting around Tanner stage 3, when gonadal maturation accelerates (testicular volume reaching 12 ml in males). For males, this begins between ages 11 and 15, with peak instability around age 12–13; for females, it starts slightly earlier, between ages 10 and 14, often around 13–16 for noticeable shifts. The process generally spans 1–2 years, completing by late teens (Tanner stage 5), though full stabilization may extend into early adulthood as neural and muscular adaptations finalize. Age-related voice changes, collectively known as presbyphonia, involve progressive alterations in vocal fold structure and function that lead to diminished voice quality, often manifesting as weakness, breathiness, and instability. These changes stem from the natural aging process affecting the , , and neural control, resulting in a voice that sounds frailer or less resonant. Unlike the rapid transformations during , which represent growth and maturation, age-related shifts are gradual and degenerative, marking the culmination of lifelong vocal evolution, and contributing to voice disorders that affect approximately 20-30% of individuals over 65, with presbyphonia being a primary cause. Physiologically, the vocal folds undergo thinning and stiffening due to loss of and degradation of in the , reducing their elasticity and ability to vibrate efficiently. This is accompanied by decreased muscle mass in the and reduced function, leading to mucosal dryness and inadequate lubrication during . Additionally, of laryngeal cartilages and weakening of respiratory muscles contribute to shorter times and lower subglottal . In terms of pitch and quality, males typically experience a gradual rise in from approximately 120 Hz in midlife to 150-180 Hz after age 60, reflecting vocal fold and incomplete closure, while females may see a slight drop or stabilization around 180-200 Hz. These shifts are coupled with increased breathiness from glottal gaps, vocal due to neuromuscular decline, and reduced volume from diminished capacity and effortful . Associated factors exacerbate these changes; in females, menopause-induced estrogen decline impairs mucosal health, leading to thicker vocal folds and higher pitch instability. Cumulative effects of , which causes and , chronic reducing hydration of the vocal , and broader hormonal shifts further accelerate vocal fold deterioration. Subtle onset often begins in the 40s with minor hoarseness or , progressing more noticeably after age 70 as intensifies. From an evolutionary standpoint, these vocal alterations may have adaptively signaled maturity and in ancestral populations, though in modern contexts, they are frequently perceived as indicators of frailty and reduced .

Pathological and Medical Aspects

Disease-Induced Voice Alterations

Dysphonia, or impaired voice production, affects approximately 7% of the adult population at any given time, with lifetime reaching up to 30%. This condition is more prevalent among professionals who rely heavily on their voice, such as teachers (20-40% ) and singers (around 46%), where underlying diseases can be exacerbated by vocal overuse. Respiratory infections are a common cause of acute voice alterations, primarily through , which involves and of the vocal folds leading to hoarseness and temporary dysphonia. Viral infections, including those from , can result in prolonged dysphonia persisting beyond the acute phase, affecting 10-30% of cases with symptoms such as persistent hoarseness and vocal fatigue due to laryngeal or neuropathy. Neurological disorders frequently induce chronic voice changes by disrupting the neural control of . In , hypophonia—a soft, —and monopitch, characterized by reduced intonation variation, arise from rigidity and bradykinesia affecting the laryngeal muscles. can lead to spasmodic dysphonia-like symptoms, producing a strained-strangled voice quality due to spastic contractions of the vocal folds during speech. Endocrine imbalances alter vocal fold structure and function, often resulting in pitch and quality changes. causes thickening of the vocal folds through myxedematous in the , lowering the and producing a rough, low-pitched voice. , conversely, may lead to vocal fatigue and tremulousness from increased metabolic demands on laryngeal muscles and potential . Oncological conditions, particularly those involving the , directly impair voice by mechanical obstruction or tissue damage. distorts voice quality through tumor mass effects on vocal fold vibration and mobility, often manifesting as persistent hoarseness. Post-radiation therapy for such cancers induces in the vocal folds, reducing their flexibility and pliability, which leads to permanent dysphonia with breathy or strained characteristics. Aging can amplify the severity of disease-induced voice alterations by compounding preexisting vocal fold atrophy with pathological changes.

Injury and Trauma Effects

Traumatic injuries to the larynx, often resulting from blunt force such as motor vehicle accidents or sports-related impacts, can cause laryngeal fractures that lead to hemorrhage, edema, and structural disruption of the vocal folds. These fractures typically present with immediate symptoms including hoarseness, dysphonia, and pitch instability due to asymmetric vocal fold positioning and impaired glottic closure, potentially compromising airway patency and voice production. In severe cases, such as those involving cricoid or thyroid cartilage damage, long-term voice alterations may persist if not addressed promptly through surgical stabilization or conservative management. Iatrogenic trauma from endotracheal , particularly during prolonged procedures or difficult airways, frequently results in mucosal damage, formation, and scarring of the vocal folds or posterior . , often arising from pressure necrosis at the tube's contact points, manifest as localized inflammatory growths that distort vocal fold vibration, leading to persistent hoarseness or quality. Scarring from unresolved injuries can cause and adhesions, further altering pitch range and vocal effort, with an incidence of dysphonia reported in up to 2.5% of intubated patients. Chronic vocal abuse, common among professional voice users like teachers and singers, often leads to the development of nodules or polyps on the vocal folds due to repeated mechanical stress and inflammation. These benign lesions cause a hoarse, by interfering with normal mucosal wave propagation and glottic closure, reducing vocal efficiency and endurance. Prevalence of such disorders ranges from 20% to 50% among professional voice users, with singers reporting self-perceived dysphonia in approximately 46% of cases, highlighting the occupational risk from overuse. Surgical interventions play a key role in addressing voice disruptions from trauma or . Medialization , for instance, repositions the paralyzed vocal fold in cases of unilateral vocal cord , improving glottic closure and restoring pitch balance through enhanced vocal fold adduction. For gender-affirming care, laryngoplasty techniques such as adjust the laryngeal framework to elevate the , achieving an average increase of 27-50 Hz in speaking pitch while preserving vocal quality. These procedures, often combined with arytenoid adduction, yield reliable long-term voice improvements without significant complications. Recovery from injury and trauma varies by acuity and severity. Acute laryngeal trauma typically heals within 2-6 weeks with strict voice rest, during which patients avoid to minimize and promote mucosal regeneration, often supplemented by humidification and anti-inflammatory measures. Chronic issues from strain or scarring, however, require 3-6 months of voice therapy to retrain phonatory patterns, reduce compensatory habits, and achieve functional voice restoration through targeted exercises. Prevention of strain-related voice changes emphasizes proactive strategies for at-risk individuals. Adequate hydration thins vocal fold secretions, reducing friction during , while vocal warm-ups enhance mucosal pliability and prepare the for demands, lowering injury risk in professional users. These measures, alongside vocal education, can significantly mitigate overuse outcomes in high-demand professions.

Artistic and Communicative Modifications

Voice Training in Singing

Voice training in singing encompasses systematic exercises designed to intentionally modify vocal , expand pitch range, and improve stability, enabling singers to achieve greater expressiveness in musical . These methods target the and surrounding musculature to produce controlled alterations in voice quality, distinct from natural developmental changes. Central to this process are techniques like belting, which extends the into higher registers by blending it with mechanisms, promoting a powerful, resonant suitable for genres such as musical theater. This involves strong vocal fold closure and forward placement to maintain without excessive strain. Falsetto development, meanwhile, focuses on lightening the vocal mechanism for production, achieved through specific laryngeal adjustments like a mid-position of the false vocal folds and stiffened true vocal fold body cover, resulting in a breathy, high-pitched often used in pop and classical high passages. cultivation enhances by introducing controlled oscillations in pitch and intensity, typically through exercises that coordinate breath support and laryngeal tilt, adding emotional depth and sustaining longer phrases. Physiologically, these training methods strengthen key laryngeal muscles, including the cricothyroid, which elevates pitch by tilting the , and the thyroarytenoid, responsible for vocal fold adduction and tension. Targeted exercises, such as pitch glides and sustained tones, promote adaptations like increased muscle fiber size, enhanced morphology, and improved coordination between these muscles, leading to more efficient and greater vocal endurance. Over extended periods of consistent practice, singers can achieve substantial expansions in , often through progressive stretching of the vocal folds via two-octave glides that optimize thyroarytenoid-cricothyroid interaction. Acoustic outcomes include higher and reduced airflow during , indicating better glottal closure and energy conservation. For young singers, presents specific challenges, as hormonal changes cause vocal fold thickening and instability, often manifesting as "cracks" or breaks in pitch. Training during this phase employs scales and breath control exercises to navigate these mutations smoothly, fostering gradual adaptation under supervised guidance to enhance maturation rather than delay it. Historical examples abound in the tradition, where boy sopranos, prized for their pure treble tones, transitioned to roles through careful vocal ; for instance, many cathedral choristers in the 18th and 19th centuries maintained soprano quality until mid- before shifting to alto- ranges with targeted exercises. Pubertal instability thus serves as an early hurdle in , requiring adjusted to preserve vocal health. Vocal registers form the foundation of these modifications, with the modal register (also known as ) providing the primary mechanism for everyday and speaking, characterized by full vocal fold and a warm . The extends the upper range beyond the , producing flute-like tones in the C6 to D7 region through minimal vocal fold contact and high , accessible primarily to trained female voices but demanding precise control to avoid . Mix voice, a blended register, bridges chest and head mechanisms in the zone, allowing seamless transitions across an or more by balancing muscular tensions and modifications. Safe limits emphasize blending registers to prevent strain-induced changes, such as nodules from forcing chest voice upward without support or cracking from abrupt shifts; improper extension risks vocal fold trauma, so training prioritizes gradual progression and rest to maintain even . Intensive vocal training frequently induces temporary alterations, such as shifts in or from heightened muscle demands, experienced by a notable portion of singers during initial adaptation phases. However, long-term benefits include enhanced control, improved aerodynamic efficiency—like decreased expiratory and increased —and sustained vocal health, enabling professional performers to handle demanding repertoires with reduced risk of permanent damage.

Speech and Vocal Performance Techniques

Speech and vocal performance techniques encompass a range of learned methods designed to enhance clarity, expressiveness, and impact in spoken communication, particularly in , , and professional settings. These techniques focus on voluntary modifications to articulation, pitch, accent, and projection, allowing speakers to adapt their voice to suit needs, convey , or evoke without fundamentally altering physiological structures. Rooted in vocal and speech therapy principles, they emphasize precision and control to optimize vocal delivery for effective and . Articulation training forms a cornerstone of these techniques, involving targeted exercises to refine how sounds are produced and within the vocal tract. For instance, speakers practice distinguishing nasal from oral resonance by directing through the for sounds like "m" or "n," or keeping it oral for vowels, which can subtly shift the perceived age or of the voice—nasal tones often conveying warmth or informality, while oral resonance projects confidence and maturity. Such adjustments are achieved through repetitive drills, such as progressions or mirror-guided lip and placements, enabling performers to tailor their vocal for roles requiring or approachability. Research in vocal acoustics demonstrates that these exercises improve spectral balance, enhancing intelligibility in noisy environments. Pitch modulation techniques address the dynamic variation of vocal to avoid monotony and infuse speech with emotional nuance. Speakers learn to employ —rising or falling pitch contours—to emphasize key points, signal questions, or express , thereby maintaining listener attention during presentations. The average speaking , a key measure of pitch, typically ranges around 120 Hz for adult males and 210 Hz for adult females, serving as a baseline for modulation exercises that encourage deviations of 20-50 Hz to convey intent without straining the voice. These methods, often taught via auditory feedback tools like pitch trackers, draw from prosodic studies showing that varied pitch enhances perceived and emotional connection in communicative exchanges. Accent and dialect shifts involve vocal coaching strategies for , where speakers intentionally reduce or adopt regional markers to improve clarity and . Techniques include phonetic drills to neutralize shifts or emphases, such as softening a strong Southern drawl's diphthongs for broader audiences in professional broadcasting. Coaches use shadowing exercises—mimicking neutral speech models—to foster , enabling speakers to toggle between dialects seamlessly. Empirical studies on accent adaptation highlight its role in reducing listener and boosting comprehension, particularly in multicultural or international contexts. In performance applications, techniques for vocal projection integrate postural alignment and amplification aids to extend reach without vocal . Optimal posture—erect spine and relaxed shoulders—facilitates for sustained volume, while tools like microphones amplify output by 10-20 dB, preserving natural tone in large venues. Anxiety, however, can induce temporary pitch rises of up to 30 Hz due to activation, prompting performers to employ grounding exercises like deep to stabilize delivery. These practices, validated in research, ensure reliable projection across diverse settings from TED talks to theatrical monologues. Therapeutic overlaps with voice therapy provide professionals, such as teachers or call center operators, with endurance-building protocols that enhance vocal stamina through non-invasive means. Programs incorporate hydration regimens, resonant voice therapy—focusing on "forward placement" to minimize laryngeal tension—and paced speaking drills to prevent strain from prolonged use. These interventions, grounded in clinical , improve vocal fold efficiency and reduce fatigue risk in high-demand occupations, without inducing permanent physiological changes. Breath control techniques here parallel those in but prioritize steady for conversational flow over sustained notes.

Historical and Cultural Contexts

Evolution of Voice Change Concepts

Ancient understandings of voice change were rooted in philosophical and medical observations that linked vocal alterations to broader physiological and developmental processes. , in his work , described the voice deepening during as a marker of and maturity, noting that the change occurs more pronouncedly in males around age 14, coinciding with other somatic developments like beard growth. This observation positioned voice mutation as a sign of and reproductive readiness within the framework of . Similarly, the physician , building on Hippocratic traditions, connected voice production to the brain via recurrent laryngeal nerves, as demonstrated through vivisections, while integrating it into the humoral theory where imbalances in the four humors—, , yellow bile, and black bile—could affect vocal quality and speech disorders. Under humoralism, voice changes were seen as reflections of bodily equilibrium, with deviations potentially signaling health disruptions, though Galen's writings emphasized neural control over direct humoral causation for . In the , advancements in instrumentation revolutionized the study of voice by allowing direct observation of laryngeal structures. Spanish singing teacher and vocal pedagogue Manuel García invented the laryngoscope in 1854, using a dental mirror and sunlight to visualize his own vocal folds during , marking the first practical tool for indirect . This breakthrough enabled clinicians to examine vocal fold vibrations and pathologies in real time, shifting voice research from speculative anatomy to empirical evidence and facilitating the identification of conditions like persistent high-pitched voice post-, later termed . Early laryngological studies in the late , leveraging García's , began documenting cases of incomplete voice mutation where individuals retained prepubertal pitch despite physical maturity, attributing it to functional rather than structural issues. Key figures like French neurologist contributed to physiological insights in the 1860s through experiments, though his work focused more on muscle innervation than vocal specifics; voice cracks during were increasingly viewed as signs of neural and muscular immaturity in emerging texts. The 20th century brought biochemical and technological integrations that deepened comprehension of voice mutation mechanisms. Following the isolation of testosterone in , research in the late and linked androgen surges to pubertal voice deepening, with studies on and demonstrating how testosterone thickens and elongates vocal folds, lowering by up to an in males. Concurrently, acoustic analysis tools emerged, building on 19th-century Helmholtz resonators; by the mid-20th century, spectrography and measurement techniques, pioneered at institutions like , quantified voice parameters such as frequencies—resonant peaks in the vocal tract spectrum—to assess mutation progress and deviations. These methods provided objective metrics, revealing how formants shift downward during due to laryngeal descent and tract elongation. Modern research in the has addressed historical gaps, particularly in diverse applications and underrepresented perspectives. The saw formalized protocols for , integrating acoustic analysis and behavioral techniques to modify pitch and resonance for gender affirmation, with studies reporting significant improvements in voice-related through multidisciplinary approaches. Additionally, while Western texts dominate historical narratives, non-Western traditions offer parallel views on voice alterations during developmental stages, though systematic integration into global remains limited. This evolving focus underscores a shift toward inclusive, evidence-based understandings of voice change across physiological, cultural, and therapeutic contexts.

Sociocultural Interpretations of Voice Shifts

In Western cultures, a deep voice is often associated with and authority, particularly in media portrayals where lower-pitched male voices are depicted as symbols of strength and dominance. This association influences social perceptions, with studies indicating that lower voice pitch enhances perceptions of and competence in and political contexts. Conversely, in some Asian cultures, such as , male voice feminization or higher pitches carry , linked to broader anxieties over "soft " that challenge traditional norms and can lead to perceived as less masculine. These interpretations highlight how voice shifts during reinforce or disrupt identities, shaping individual self-perception and societal expectations. Puberty rites in various cultures often emphasize voice changes as markers of maturation. In Jewish traditions, the bar mitzvah ceremony for boys around age 13 coincides with pubertal voice breaks, symbolizing the transition to religious adulthood and the assumption of responsibilities like public Torah reading, where vocal changes are noted by families as part of physical maturation. Similarly, coming-of-age ceremonies in other societies, such as Balinese rituals timed to a boy's voice breaking, celebrate this shift as a key indicator of manhood. Historically, in 16th- to 18th-century Europe, the practice of creating castrati—boys castrated before puberty to preserve high voices for choral and operatic roles—reflected cultural values prioritizing vocal purity over natural development, often at great personal cost to the individuals involved. In modern contexts, voice mismatches contribute significantly to experiences of , where a voice incongruent with can exacerbate distress and impact , with a high percentage of transfeminine individuals (up to 96%) reporting persistent voice-related dissatisfaction even after . Media representations, such as in Disney's (1989), symbolize voice transformation as a metaphor for shifts, with Ariel's loss of voice illustrating the sacrifices and identity negotiations involved in pursuing alignment with one's true self, a resonant in interpretations. Cross-culturally, voice holds spiritual significance, as seen in Indigenous Australian Aboriginal traditions where songlines—oral narratives sung across landscapes—connect people to ancestral spirits and the land, viewing the voice as a sacred medium for cultural transmission and stories. Puberty rituals worldwide vary in incorporating voice changes; for instance, while some African and Asian societies use songs to mark vocal maturation, others focus on seclusion or trials, reflecting diverse ways voice shifts signal . Socially, voice alterations due to age or accent can lead to discrimination, with older workers facing against aged voices perceived as less energetic, contributing to reduced job opportunities and higher stress levels. Accented voices, often tied to ethnicity, similarly result in stereotyping and exclusion, lowering and outcomes for immigrants. Studies further show that lower-pitched voices convey , with voters preferring deeper-voiced candidates in elections, associating them with dominance and trustworthiness across genders.

References

  1. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/change%20of%20voice
  2. https://www.webmd.com/teens/puberty-faq-for-guys
  3. https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/changing-voice.html
  4. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3579950/
  5. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23339-voice-disorders
  6. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/voice-disorders/symptoms-causes/syc-20353022
  7. https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/aging-voice/
  8. https://pub.dega-akustik.de/NAG_DAGA_2009/data/articles/000570.pdf
  9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9747473/
  10. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10339270/
  11. https://pubs.asha.org/doi/10.1044/2023_AJSLP-23-00143
  12. https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.25632
  13. https://voice.weill.cornell.edu/voice-disorders/aging-voice
  14. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5832520/
  15. https://www.ijopl.com/doi/10.5005/jp-journals-10023-1016
  16. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7229708/
  17. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9895167/
  18. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0892199721002514
  19. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20230703-why-our-voices-change-with-age
  20. https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/vocal-changes-common-during-aging-process
  21. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/388838605_The_Evolution_of_Male_Voice_Acoustics_A_Lifespan_Perspective
  22. https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/1201/p720.html
  23. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6801660/
  24. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28342677/
  25. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7153039/
  26. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0196070923001643
  27. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8886162/
  28. https://simonyanlab.meei.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Movement-Disorders-2012-Simonyan-Commentary-on-Bilateral-cerebellar-stroke-presenting-with-acute-dysphonia-and-late.pdf
  29. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6592446/
  30. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8942322/
  31. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6884933/
  32. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3596010/
  33. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK565881/
  34. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/865277-overview
  35. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8127414/
  36. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9629857/
  37. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8321602/
  38. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8212164/
  39. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5265938/
  40. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/864565-overview
  41. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315518255_Prevalence_of_Voice_Disorders_in_Singers_Systematic_Review_and_Meta-Analysis
  42. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3851511/
  43. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23632870/
  44. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7585243/
  45. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/865277-treatment
  46. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/22339-voice-therapy
  47. https://www.asha.org/news/2025/protect-your-voice-this-back-to-school-season/
  48. https://leader.pubs.asha.org/do/10.1044/from-beach-to-teach-5-tips-to-keep-your-teaching-voice-healthy-this-school-year/full/
  49. https://penelope.uchicago.edu/aristotle/histanimals7.html
  50. https://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~duchan/new_history/ancient_history/humor_theory.html
  51. https://www.entandaudiologynews.com/features/ent-features/post/manuel-patricio-rodriguez-garcia-1805-1906-the-inventor-of-the-laryngoscope-and-world-renowned-singing-teacher
  52. https://earandvoicedoctor.com/media/Short_History_of_Laryngoscopy.pdf
  53. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16225184/
  54. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3955324/
  55. https://haskinslabs.org/sites/default/files/files/Reprints/HL1144.pdf
  56. https://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/jw/voice.html
  57. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1460-6984.2012.00185.x
  58. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12539971/
  59. https://www.americanscientist.org/article/how-voice-pitch-influences-our-choice-of-leaders
  60. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14680777.2022.2046124
  61. https://meridian.allenpress.com/idd/article/42/4/294/8498/Significance-of-a-Bar-Bat-Mitzvah-Ceremony-for
  62. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262911373_Social_change_and_adolescent_rites_of_passage_A_cross_cultural_perspective
  63. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11202227/
  64. https://www.entandaudiologynews.com/view/the-voice-clinic-transgender-voice/article/14073532
  65. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272123422_Performing_Transgender_Identity_in_The_Little_Mermaid_From_Andersen_to_Disney
  66. https://www.o-em.org/index.php/fieldwork/46-music-and-spirituality-in-yolngu-australian-aboriginal-culture
  67. https://www.aarp.org/work/age-discrimination/still-thrives-in-america/
  68. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11410617/
  69. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3350713/
Add your contribution
Related Hubs
User Avatar
No comments yet.