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Zurich Insurance Group
Zurich Insurance Group
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Zurich Insurance Group Ltd. is a Swiss insurance company, headquartered in Zürich, and the country's largest insurer.[2] As of 2024, the group is the world's 98th largest public company according to Forbes' Global 2000s list,[3] and in 2011, it ranked 94th in Interbrand's top 100 brands.[4]

Key Information

Zurich is a global insurance company which is organized into three core business segments: General Insurance, Global Life and Farmers. Zurich employs 55,000 people, with customers in 215 countries and territories.[5] The company is listed on SIX Swiss Exchange. As of 2012, it had a shareholders' equity of $34.494 billion.[6]

Company history

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Zurich Insurance Company (1872–1998)

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The company was founded in 1872 as a reinsurance company under the name of "Versicherungs-Verein" and at the request of the "Schweiz" transport insurance company (which was founded in 1869 on the initiative of the "Schweizerischen Kreditanstalt"), a subsidiary of the Schweiz Marine Company. It was founded by people who were also board members of the "Schweiz" transport insurance company.[7]

The business activity began on 1 May 1873. In 1875, accident insurance was added. The company was renamed Transport- und Unfall-Versicherungs-Actiengesellschaft "Zurich". In 1880 Zurich abandoned the marine business following a significant loss.[8]

Throughout 1894, it acquired licenses to conduct business in Austria, Prussia, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, the rest of Germany, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Spain, Poland, Russia, Italy, Luxembourg, and Liechtenstein. Due to the change in 1894 from transport insurance to accident and liability insurance, it was renamed "Zurich" "Allgemeine Unfall- und Haftpflicht-Versicherungs-Gesellschaft". Due to legal settlements in the area of workers' compensation, it took a risk and entered the North American market in 1912, starting in the states of New York, Illinois, New Jersey, and Massachusetts in the US.[8]

In 1915, Zurich acquired its first whole company, "Hispania Compañia General de Seguros" of Barcelona in Spain. Ten years later, in 1922, Zurich founded "Vita Lebensversicherungs-Gesellschaft" as an independent subsidiary, which soon expanded into neighboring countries. In addition, a branch was established in the United Kingdom (the first foreign insurance company to do so). One year later, another branch was established in Canada.[9]

In 1925, Zurich became the official insurer of all new Ford vehicles in Great Britain. The "Zurich Fire Insurance Company of New York" was founded in 1929, the reinsurance company Turegum in 1938 and the "American Guarantee and Liability Company in New York" in 1939.[8]

In 1950, it bought a share in "Companhia de Seguros Metrópole S.A." of Lisbon. Five years later, in 1955, «Zürich» Allgemeine Unfall- und Haftpflicht-Versicherungs-Gesellschaft was renamed «Zürich» Versicherungs-Gesellschaft, a name it still holds today.[10]

Between 1955 and 1976 several companies were acquired, including the "Commonwealth General Assurance Corporation" of Sydney, "Iguazú Compañía de Seguros S.A." from Buenos Aires, "Empire Fire and Marine Insurance Company" from Nebraska, "Fidelity and Deposit Company" from Maryland, "Universal Underwriters" from Kansas City, "Anglo Americana de Seguros Gerais" from São Paulo, "Minerva Group" from Italy, "Centre Reinsurance Holding" from Bermuda, "La Chilena Consolidada", and "Seguros de Vida" from Chile and "Seguros Chapultepec" from Mexico.[8]

On the initiative of "Vita Lebensversicherungs-Gesellschaft", the first Vita Parcours (fitness trails) in Switzerland were created in 1968 and ZIM (Zurich Investment Management) was founded in 1990 as an investment management partner for redemption funds and institutional investors in Switzerland. As part of a new brand strategy, "Vita" became "Zurich" Life Insurance Company in 1993, operating in the market under the name "Zürich Leben". While the name "Vita" thus disappeared from the market, it lives on in the "Stiftung Vita Parcours", which was outsourced in 1994. In 1994, "Zürich" took over the Zurich private bank "Rüd, Blass & Cie." Due to refocusing on the insurance business, the private bank was sold again in 2003.[10]

In 1996, Zurich acquired 80 percent of "Kemper Corporation" and 97 percent of "Kemper Financial Service" and in 1997 acquired a majority interest in New York-based "Scudder, Stevens & Clark". Subsequently, Kemper was merged with Scudder to form "Scudder Kemper Investments",[11] which was later renamed "Zurich Scudder Investments". Following the September 11 attacks, on 24 September 2001, Zurich Financial announced it would sell Zurich Scudder, which then had US$370 billion in assets under management, to Deutsche Bank for US$2.5 billion (US$1.2 billion in cash and the rest in assets).[12] The transaction was closed on 5 April 2002.[13]

Zurich Financial Services (1998–2012)

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In September 1998, Zurich and the financial division of British American Tobacco merged to form "Zurich Financial Services". This comprised the Swiss company "Zurich Allied AG",[14] listed on the Swiss Market Index, and the British company "Allied Zurich plc", listed on the FTSE 100 (Dual-listed Company). In 2000, the structure was reorganized under a single holding company under Swiss company law. All old shares were replaced by new shares in the newly formed "Zurich Financial Services" (ZFS) with a first listing on the SIX Swiss Exchange in Zurich and a second listing in London.[citation needed]

In 2002, ZFS focused on insurance-related financial products and services. ZFS returned to profitability in 2003, announcing that it had met its targets and posted a profit of US$2.1 billion, compared to a loss of US$3.4 billion a year earlier. Operating income increased 93 percent to $2.3 billion, marking the turnaround. Zurich remained on track in 2004 with net income of US$2.5 billion and operating income of US$3.1 billion, an increase of 36 percent over the previous year. Zurich's net income increased by 30 percent to US$3.2 billion in 2005, and operating income rose by 32 percent to US$3.9 billion. In 2008, "Zurich Financial Services" recorded net income of US$3 billion, compared to a record US$5.7 billion in the previous year.[citation needed]

In July 2011, Zurich announced that it had signed definitive agreements for a long-term alliance with "Banco Santander SA" (Santander) over 25 years in Latin America.[15][16]

Zurich Insurance Group (since 2012)

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In April 2012, Zurich Financial Services Ltd changed back to its original name, Zurich Insurance Group Ltd. In a statement, the Group explained the rationale behind the name change. "In recognition of this strategic focus, the reference to financial services in the company name has been replaced by indicating the insurance activity of the Group instead and to specify the purpose accordingly."[17]

In December 2015, the CEO Martin Senn announced his resignation. Despite years of highly profitable business operations, the focus was put on recent events which forced Senn to step down. Interim chairman Tom de Swaan [nl] took over as acting CEO.[18]

In January 2016, it was announced that Zurich had hired Mario Greco, CEO of Generali as its next chief executive, and that he would start in May.[19]

Zurich Spain launched Klinc in 2018, a Spanish digital company that offers online insurance plans for cars, life, home, devices, and micromobility led by Stefano de Liguoro, Head of Digital at Zurich Seguros.[20] The company sprung from the multinational insurance company Zurich Seguros. In 2021, the company merged with doppo, a digital auto insurance start up. Zurich Klinc is dedicated to promoting a healthy and sustainable lifestyle. As a result, it focuses on promoting and sponsoring sporting events such as the Orbea Monegros, and the Orbea Klasika in Bilbao.[21]

In November 2021, Zurich signed an acquisition agreement with Texas-based Special Insurance Services.[22]

On 3 January 2022, Zurich Insurance Group announced that its Italian subsidiary, Zurich Investments Life S.p.A. had agreed to sell its life and pension back book to the Portuguese insurer and wealth management platform GamaLife – Companhia de Seguros de Vida, S.A. (GamaLife), for an undisclosed sum. Zurich said the transaction was expected to release approximately $1.2bn (£907m, €1bn) of capital.[23][24]

In March 2022, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Zurich Insurance suspended the use of its logo containing an encircled "Z" on social media due to the association of an enclosed "Z" as support of Russian violence against Ukrainians.[25]

Core business segments

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General Insurance

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Zurich's General Insurance business serves individuals, small and medium-sized businesses and major multinational corporations with motor, home, and commercial products and services.

Global Life

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Zurich's Global Life business offers life insurance,[26] savings, investment and pension products. In the United States life insurance is issued by Zurich American Life Insurance Company with offices in Schaumburg, Illinois; Overland Park, Kansas; and New York City.[27]

Farmers

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Zurich's Farmers Insurance segment includes Farmers Management Services, which provides non-claims related management services to the Farmers Exchanges (not owned by Zurich). Zurich also owns the Farmers RE business which includes reinsurance assumed from the Farmers Exchange by the Group. Zurich's Farmers Insurance Group is the third largest insurance group in the United States.[28]

MetLife

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In December 2020, the Zurich group purchased the property and casualty insurance segment from MetLife for US$3.6 billion. The purchase, combined with a 10-year cooperation agreement between Farmers and MetLife is financed by Zurich group with US$2.43 billion while the remaining US$1.51 billion is contributed by Farmers.[29]

Zurich Ireland

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Officially known as Zurich Insurance plc ('ZIP'), Zurich Ireland is a wholly owned subsidiary. ZIP is an Irish insurance company originally incorporated in 1950 and is Zurich Insurance Group's main legal entity for writing non-life insurance business in Europe. ZIP writes non-life insurance business across the European Union through its Irish head office and network of branches.[30]

In July 2023, it was announced that ZIP would undergo a "cross-border conversion" from a public limited company in Ireland to a Aktiengesellschaft (stock corporation) in Germany.[31]

Zurich North America

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Zurich expanded into US and Canadian market in 1912 to become one of the leading commercial P&C insurance provider. It serves a diverse set of industries including automotive, agriculture, construction, manufacturing, technology and numerous others.[32]

Zurich Kotak General Insurance Company

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Zurich Insurance owns 70% of Zurich Kotak General Insurance, headquartered in Mumbai. It offers non-life insurance products like motor, car, bike, health, travel, home insurance and others.[33]

Financial performance and information

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Zurich offices in Madrid, Spain

Zurich Insurance Group Ltd ("Zurich") is listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange under the ticker ZURN. As of 1 December 2012 there were 148,300,123 fully paid registered shares[6] and 124,847 shareholders.[34] 24.7% of the holding of the registered shares were private individuals (15.3% of all outstanding shares), 7.2% were foundations and pension funds (4.5% of all outstanding shares) and 68.1% were other legal entities (42.3% of all outstanding shares).[34]

Corporate social responsibility

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In 2009, Zurich was awarded Charity Times "Best Insurance Services"[35] and was shortlisted again in 2010. In 2012 the Zurich Community Trust (UK) won the Cross-Sector Partnership of the Year Award for its partnership with the treatment charity Addaction.[36]

According to its website, Zurich Community Trust has donated over £60 million since 1972, with the goal of addressing key social issues. It has supported over 600 charities a year, making a measurable impact on the lives of over 80,000 people.[37] Zurich was one of the first recipients of the Community Mark from Business in the Community which it has successfully retained for three years.[38]

On 24 October 2002, Zurich North America hosted a ceremony at the 9/11 Tribute Center honoring the winners of its 2012 K.A.M.P. awards, a program created as a living legacy to the four employees killed on 9/11: John Keohane, Peggy Alario, Kathy Moran and Ludwig Picarro.[39]

Zurich began a relationship with SBP, a disaster relief organization based in New Orleans, at its Zurich Classic golf tournament in New Orleans.[40] Over the next five years, more than 1,000 Zurich employees, customers, brokers, and distributors volunteered with SBP to rebuild homes in New Orleans, Staten Island and Joplin, until in April 2014, the company announced that its Z Zurich Foundation would give SBP a $3 million grant over three years.[40] The grant would go towards creating a Disaster Resilience and Recovery Lab—a disaster relief model that propagates best practices learned in New Orleans after Katrina to communities affected by future disasters.[40]

In 2011, Zurich launched a free online resource – My Community Starter – designed to make getting involved in community activities more simple.[41]

In March 2012, Zurich reinforced its commitment to the Z Zurich foundation by making an investment of $100 million.[42]

In March 2013, Zurich announced its global flood resilience program, which aims to enhance community flood resilience by finding innovative ways to increase the impact of disaster risk reduction efforts at community, national and global levels. The first country program is taking place in Mexico and Indonesia. To maximize the community impact of the program, Zurich has formed a strategic alliance with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC).[43]

Controversies

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In 2006, Zurich Financial Services settled a $171 million case relating to bid rigging and price fixing in the United States.[44] "Businesses shopping for commercial insurance were deceived into believing they were getting the best deals available," said Abbott. "The whole anti-competitive scheme was an intentional smoke screen by several insurance players to artificially inflate premiums and pay improper commissions to those who brokered the deals." The states included in the settlement were Texas, California, Florida, Hawaii, Maryland, Massachusetts, Oregon, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. Zurich is also required to pay about $122 million[45] in refunds to commercial policyholders in a New Jersey class action lawsuit[46] settlement. Zurich Financial Services settled a bid-rigging and improper "finite reinsurance" transactions probe.[47]

Zurich Financial agreed to pay $153 million in restitution and penalties and agreed to a series of reforms. Zurich apologized and acknowledged that "certain of its employees violated both acceptable business practices and Zurich's own standards of conduct by engaging in improper bidding practices and the 'finite reinsurance' transactions described in the Assurance of Discontinuance". The states included in the settlement were New York, Connecticut and Illinois.[48]

In May 2007, Zurich Capital Markets, a subsidiary of Zurich Financial Services, paid $16.8 million to settle with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission for helping four hedge funds disguise their identities to avoid detection when making frequent trades in mutual fund shares.[49] An SEC director stated, "By knowingly financing their hedge funds clients' deceptive market timing, ZCM reaped substantial fees at the expense of long-term mutual-fund shareholders".[50]

In 2015, small business owners and property developers in Britain complained that Zurich's British subsidiary, Dunbar Bank, had treated them unfairly by calling in loans quickly in order to wind down its loan book after the parent company pulled out of the specialist UK property market in 2010. They claimed that 71 Dunbar borrowers had been made bankrupt in the following five-year period, many more than by any of Britain's very much larger high street banks.[51] One Dunbar customer wrote: "Dunbar's latest set of accounts show that over 95% of its loan book is now classified as impaired or overdue [...] the equivalent figure for UK Asset Resolution, the country's bad bank, is just 37%".[52]

In 2019, the local branch of Zurich Insurance Group was one of four insurance companies fined by Portugal's competition authority AdC for "cartel practices" regarding workplace accident, health and auto insurance.[53]

See also

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References

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Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia
from Grokipedia
Zurich Insurance Group AG is a multinational company headquartered in , , founded in 1872 as a marine reinsurance subsidiary named Versicherungs-Verein of the Schweiz Marine Insurance Company. It has evolved into a leading multi-line insurer offering , , and prevention services across property-casualty, health, and corporate solutions to individuals, small businesses, and large corporations. The company operates in more than 200 countries and territories, employing over 63,000 people and serving more than 75 million customers worldwide. Zurich's core business segments include , Global Life, and Farmers, with a strategic focus on risk prevention, , and initiatives alongside traditional coverage. In 2024, it reported revenue of approximately $68.7 billion, followed by a record business operating profit of $4.2 billion in the first half of 2025, reflecting a 6% increase and a core of 26.3%. Under CEO Mario Greco, Zurich has emphasized sustainable growth and robust capital management, maintaining a strong with an estimated Swiss Solvency Test ratio supporting financial resilience. While the firm has faced isolated legal challenges related to claims handling and legacy disputes, such as infringement notices for trauma insurance practices and court criticisms in consumer cases, these have not materially undermined its operational scale or market position.

History

Founding and Early Expansion (1872–1998)

Zurich Insurance Group traces its origins to October 22, 1872, when ten founders, including Heinrich Emil Streuli-Hüni, Adolf Guyer-Zeller, Carl Abegg-Arter, and Robert Schwarzenbach, established Versicherungs-Verein (Insurance Association) in Zurich, , as a marine entity and subsidiary of the Schweiz Marine Insurance Company. Initially focused on insuring the industry's maritime risks amid 's economic reliance on trade, the company quickly diversified beyond pure . By 1874, operations extended to New York, marking early transatlantic engagement, followed in 1875 by a rename to Zurich Transport & Accident Insurance Limited and entry into , with new offices in , , and . A branch opened in in 1877, but marine losses prompted an 1880 exit from that sector under new CEO Heinrich Müller, who shifted emphasis to casualty lines; the firm also innovated with its 1882 publication of the first manufacturing safety manual. Under long-serving board member Streuli-Hüni, who chaired for 14 years until his 1915 death after 43 years of involvement, Zurich solidified its European foothold through agent networks in and by the late 1880s. International expansion accelerated in with U.S. market entry, where licensing enabled operations contributing 9% of premiums by year-end; the first policy issued from a office in 1913, followed by North America's inaugural automobile coverage in 1914 amid surging U.S. auto production. The 1915 acquisition of Barcelona's Compania General de Seguros marked Zurich's first full company takeover, while 1922 saw entry and the launch of VITA life insurance in . Under August Leonhard Tobler's leadership in the 1920s—first as CEO, then chairman—the firm acquired the UK's and Insurance Company in 1924 and navigated crisis via the Insurance purchase in . Post-World War II growth transformed Zurich into a multi-line insurer, renaming to Zurich Insurance Company in 1955 after incorporating life and other products; it entered in 1961 through the General Assurance Corporation acquisition. The 1989 purchase of the U.S.-based Casualty Group represented the largest takeover to date, bolstering North American property-casualty presence. This era culminated in 1998 with a merger of Zurich Insurance Company and B.A.T Industries' division, doubling the workforce to 60,000 and rebranding as Zurich Financial Services to pursue global scale.

Restructuring and Acquisitions (1998–2012)

In September 1998, Zurich merged with the financial services division of B.A.T Industries in a transaction valued at approximately $18.6 billion, acquiring entities including Eagle Star, Allied Dunbar, Threadneedle Asset Management, and Farmers Insurance Group. This deal effectively doubled the company's workforce to around 60,000 employees and expanded its footprint into markets such as South Africa and Sri Lanka, while also incorporating the U.S.-based Maryland Casualty Company as its largest acquisition to date. The merger led to the rebranding of the parent entity as Zurich Financial Services, reflecting a broader diversification into financial services beyond traditional insurance. The aggressive expansion of the late 1990s contributed to financial strains exacerbated by external shocks, including the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and the dot-com bubble burst, which inflicted significant losses on the insurance sector. In response, Zurich Financial Services undertook a major restructuring starting in 2002 under new CEO James J. Schiro, the company's first external chief executive, who prioritized refocusing on core property-casualty and life insurance operations. This involved divesting non-core assets, such as Zurich Reinsurance Centre and Threadneedle Asset Management, alongside exiting unprofitable international units, amid a 2002 rights issue that raised capital at a discount to address liquidity pressures. By 2004, further restructuring measures included plans to sell additional units to boost return on equity from 9.3% in 2003 toward a medium-term target of 12%, incorporating employee terminations and contract renegotiations. During the latter part of the period, Zurich pursued targeted acquisitions to strengthen its insurance portfolio. In 2009, it acquired 21st Century National Insurance Company from (AIG) for $1.7 billion, integrating the personal auto insurer into the Farmers Exchanges to enhance U.S. market share amid the global . In 2011, the company bought Malaysian Assurance Alliance Berhad, expanding its Asian presence, and established a strategic alliance with to distribute insurance products to approximately 36 million customers across Latin American countries including , , , , and . These moves culminated in a 2012 rebranding back to , signaling the completion of divestitures from non-insurance and a renewed emphasis on multi-line insurance operations.

Strategic Growth and Modern Operations (2012–present)

Following the 2011 leadership transition and subsequent restructuring efforts, Zurich Insurance Group intensified its focus on operational simplification and customer-centric strategies under Group CEO Mario Greco, appointed in March 2016. Greco, drawing from prior experience at Generali, initiated a transformation program emphasizing simplicity, efficiency, and reduced organizational complexity to enhance decision-making and resource allocation. This included streamlining business units and prioritizing core property-casualty and segments, while divesting non-core assets to sharpen focus on high-return areas. The company's strategy leveraged its global footprint and balanced portfolio to build customer loyalty, with gross premiums in capital-light lines like unit-linked and protection businesses growing 6% annually on a like-for-like basis by 2024. Strategic growth accelerated through targeted acquisitions to bolster market positions, exemplified by the December 2024 completion of the $600 million purchase of AIG's global personal and assistance business, including Travel Guard, positioning as a leader in that sector. Earlier moves included acquisitions in specialized lines, contributing to a portfolio of 19 deals spanning carriers and digital platforms. Financial reflected this expansion, with annual rising from approximately $30 billion in 2012 to $68.72 billion in 2024, a compound growth driven by premium increases and operational leverage. Business operating profit reached a record $7.8 billion in 2024, up significantly from prior years, with net attributable to shareholders at $5.8 billion. At the 2024 Day, Greco announced 's highest-ever financial targets, underscoring confidence in sustained profitability amid economic volatility. Modern operations have emphasized and innovation, with a $1.8 billion allocation since 2020 to overhaul legacy systems via migration, AI integration, and agile platforms. Key initiatives include partnerships like the collaboration with insurtech Quantee for AI-powered pricing refinement and adoption of since 2021 for low-code development and across 63,000 employees. This has enabled customer-facing tools, such as digital solutions for international coverage, while embedding sustainability through UN and Sustainable Insurance signatories, focusing on ESG integration without compromising risk-adjusted returns. By 2024, these efforts supported resilient operations, with life segment business operating profit hitting $2.2 billion, up 8% year-over-year, amid strong demand in protection products.

Business Operations

Property and Casualty Insurance

Zurich Insurance Group's Property and Casualty (P&C) segment provides coverage for risks related to physical assets, liability, and business interruptions, primarily targeting commercial clients including global corporations, large enterprises, and middle-market businesses. This segment encompasses products such as commercial property insurance, which protects against damage to buildings, equipment, and inventory from perils like fire, theft, and natural disasters; casualty insurance addressing third-party bodily injury, property damage, and legal liabilities; and specialized lines including general liability, product liability, public liability, and workers' compensation. In the United States and Canada, Zurich operates as a leading P&C provider through subsidiaries like Zurich North America and Farmers Insurance, offering tailored solutions for industries such as manufacturing, construction, and transportation. The segment emphasizes services alongside traditional , integrating data analytics and consulting to mitigate exposures like cyber threats and disruptions. A notable expansion occurred on December 10, 2020, when Zurich's subsidiary Farmers Group, Inc., acquired MetLife's U.S. P&C for $3.6 billion, enhancing its personal lines capabilities in auto, homeowners, and small commercial while bolstering market share in . Globally, P&C benefits from disciplined and , with rate increases averaging 4% supporting premium growth amid volatile claims environments driven by catastrophe events and . Financially, the P&C segment delivered record performance in 2024, generating business operating profit of $4.2 billion, an 8% increase from the prior year, underpinned by a combined ratio of 94.2% reflecting favorable loss experience and reserve releases. revenue for the segment reached approximately $33.26 billion in the first nine months of 2024, up from $31.42 billion in the comparable 2023 period, driven by volume growth and higher retained lines. In the first half of 2025, P&C business operating profit rose 9% to $2.4 billion, highlighting sustained profitability despite seasonal catastrophe impacts. These results stem from Zurich's focus on commercial lines, which comprise the majority of P&C gross written premiums, with ongoing investments in technology for claims efficiency and predictive modeling.

Life and Health Insurance

The Global Life segment of Zurich Insurance Group delivers protection and savings solutions, including unit-linked policies, term and , critical illness coverage, income protection, and products, primarily targeting individual and corporate clients in mature and emerging markets. These offerings emphasize risk mitigation for mortality and morbidity events alongside wealth accumulation through investment-linked vehicles. Group provides employer-sponsored death benefits to support employee dependents, often integrated with broader benefits packages. Health-related protections within the segment include critical illness and riders that cover specified medical conditions and income loss due to incapacity, though standalone accident and —such as medical expense reimbursement and coverage—falls under Zurich's broader non-life operations and serves millions annually through customized group plans. In select markets, Zurich extends group options like catastrophic and dental coverage via integrated benefits platforms, focusing on flexible, tailor-made solutions for small to multinational employers. The segment maintains a strong footprint in , , and , with products adapted to local regulatory and demographic needs, such as high-demand savings propositions in growth economies. In 2024, Global Life reported a record business operating profit of USD 2.2 billion, reflecting an 8% year-on-year rise driven by favorable unit-linked and amid rising of risks. This performance contributed to the group's overall net income attributable to shareholders of USD 5.8 billion, a 34% increase from USD 4.3 billion in 2023.

Key Subsidiaries and Partnerships

Zurich Insurance Group's structure includes several prominent subsidiaries that support its core operations in property and casualty, life insurance, and specialized lines. In North America, Farmers Group, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary, manages the Farmers Exchanges, which underwrite a significant portion of U.S. personal and commercial insurance through affiliated entities such as Foremost Insurance Company, Bristol West Insurance Group, and 21st Century Insurance; this segment was bolstered by the April 2021 acquisition of MetLife's U.S. property and casualty business for USD 3.94 billion, adding over 900,000 policies and enhancing market share in auto and home insurance. In Asia-Pacific, Zurich holds a 70% stake in Kotak General Insurance Company since June 2024, enabling it to operate as India's first foreign-led general insurer following regulatory changes allowing up to 74% foreign direct investment, with the venture focusing on non-life products amid the country's growing USD 100 billion insurance market. Other key subsidiaries include Cover-More Group Limited, acquired in April 2017 for AUD 513 million to expand global travel insurance and assistance services across 20 countries, and OnePath Life Limited in Australia, purchased from ANZ Bank in June 2019 to solidify leadership in the life insurance sector there with over 1.5 million policies. In and emerging markets, subsidiaries like Zurich Insurance plc in Ireland and various Swiss entities such as Zurich Insurance Company Ltd handle regional general and life operations, while recent expansions include the December 2024 acquisition of AIG's global personal business, including Travel Guard, for USD 600 million, integrating it to capture a larger share of the USD 5 billion annual premium market. Additionally, Zurich completed the 2025 acquisition of cyber insurtech BOXX Insurance Inc., enhancing its small and medium-sized business cyber risk offerings with preventive tools and coverage for over 50,000 global customers. Zurich pursues strategic partnerships and s to extend distribution and innovate products. A longstanding alliance with operates through Zurich Santander Insurance America, a providing life and via Santander's Latin American networks. In , Zurich increased its stake in to over 10% by March 2025, deepening a distribution partnership that channels insurance products through Sabadell's 4 million clients and 1,200 branches. Through its Zurich Global Ventures arm, the group invested in Belgium-based insurtech Qover in July 2023 to co-develop embedded insurance solutions integrated into digital platforms, targeting API-driven products for and mobility sectors. These collaborations leverage Zurich's scale with partners' specialized capabilities, though outcomes depend on execution amid competitive pressures in insurtech adoption rates below 20% in traditional markets.

Global Operations

North American Operations

Zurich Insurance Group's North American operations began with its entry into the market in 1912, initially focusing on property-casualty insurance before expanding into broader commercial solutions. Headquartered in , since relocating its corporate campus in 2016—a facility certified Platinum—the division employs approximately 9,000 people across the and . It primarily serves commercial clients, including 90% of companies, with tailored property-casualty insurance for industries such as automotive, , technology, and . The operations emphasize , , and claims handling, delivering specialized products like builders risk, casualty, marine, and accident/health coverage. Business activities are structured through distinct units, including U.S. for holistic enterprise solutions, middle-market programs targeting growing businesses, and specialized offerings for sectors like and excess/surplus lines. Through Farmers Group, Inc., a wholly owned , Zurich provides non-claims administrative services to the independent Farmers Insurance Exchanges, though it holds no direct ownership in those entities. This structure supports a mix of commercial and, indirectly, personal lines exposure in the region. Financial strength is evidenced by an AA/stable rating from Standard & Poor's as of March 2022, reflecting robust underwriting discipline amid North America's competitive landscape. Customer net promoter scores reached 82 in recent assessments, surpassing the industry average by 46 points, driven by resilience-focused services. While specific regional metrics are integrated into group reporting, North American contributions bolster Zurich's overall property-casualty segment, which saw business operating profit rise to historic levels in 2024 through pricing discipline and portfolio optimization. Recent growth highlights include double-digit expansion in the U.S. middle-market unit over four consecutive years ending 2025.

European Operations

Zurich Insurance Group's European operations form a cornerstone of its global activities, with serving as the headquarters and a . The company maintains a presence in over 20 European countries, offering property and casualty (P&C) insurance, , and related services to individuals, small businesses, and corporations. Key markets include , the , , , and , where provides tailored solutions such as commercial P&C coverage and protection products. Zurich Insurance Europe AG (ZIE), a wholly owned German subsidiary established as the primary entity for non-life insurance across , underwrites business through branches in countries including , , , , , , the , , and . Additional subsidiaries support specialized operations, such as Zurich Life Assurance plc in Ireland for life products and Zurich Investments Life S.p.A. in Italy. These entities enable Zurich to leverage regulatory frameworks like while expanding market share in commercial and personal lines. In the , , and (EMEA) region, which encompasses Zurich's core European footprint, insurance revenues grew 7% in the first nine months of 2024, driven by increases in P&C premiums amid favorable market conditions. This performance aligns with the group's broader 2023-2025 strategy emphasizing disciplined growth, profitability, and diversification, though Europe-specific initiatives focus on strengthening commercial franchises and adapting to regional risks like climate events. Zurich's European operations contributed significantly to the group's record business operating profit of USD 7.4 billion in 2023, benefiting from strong underwriting discipline.

Asia-Pacific and Emerging Markets Operations

Zurich Insurance Group's operations span key markets including , , , , , , and , where it provides property-casualty, life, and products tailored to regional needs such as commercial and personal protection. The company established its initial foothold in the region with a representative office in in 1993, marking early expansion into amid growing economic opportunities. Leadership is provided by Tulsi Naidu, appointed CEO in January 2021 and a member of the Group Executive Committee, leveraging her experience in across the region. In property-casualty , reported gross written premiums of USD 3.96 billion in for 2024, a 12% increase year-over-year, driven by demand in commercial lines and rebounding travel coverage, with operating profit rising 21% to USD 343 million. operations focus on protection and savings products, contributing to overall business operating profit of USD 586 million in 2024, up 6% from the prior year, amid favorable claims experience and higher contractual service margins. For the first half of 2025, regional profit reached USD 302 million, a 16% increase, with property-casualty profit at USD 180 million (up 24%) and life profit at USD 122 million. Emerging markets within , such as and , represent growth priorities through targeted expansion in , , and channels, aligning with Zurich's broader strategy to diversify beyond mature economies and mitigate sector-specific risks. The Asia Pacific digital business achieved 100% topline growth in 2024 following its mid-2023 launch, supported by investments in data analytics and customer-facing platforms across certified operations in , , , , , and . In December 2024, Zurich acquired AIG's global personal business for USD 600 million, enhancing its assistance services and market position in high-growth travel segments across the region.

Financial Performance

Zurich Insurance Group reported business operating profit (BOP) of USD 7.8 billion for the 2024, marking a record high and reflecting strong performance across property and casualty and segments. attributable to shareholders () reached USD 5.8 billion in the same period, supported by favorable results and investment income. The core (ROE) stood at 24.6%, up 1.6 percentage points from 23.0% in 2023, driven by disciplined and cost management. Gross written premiums (GWP) grew 5% in U.S. dollars and on a like-for-like basis, with exposure-adjusted increases of 4%, indicating sustained in core markets.
Metric2024 Value (USD)Year-over-Year Change
Business Operating Profit7.8 billionUp from 7.4 billion in 2023
Net Income Attributable to Shareholders5.8 billionIncrease from prior year levels
Core ROE24.6%+1.6 pp from 23.0% in 2023
Gross Written Premiums Growth5%Like-for-like, following 7% growth in 2023
Historically, Zurich's financial metrics have demonstrated resilience and progressive improvement since the early , amid post-financial recovery and strategic shifts toward higher-margin businesses. BOP has trended upward, culminating in records in recent years, with half-year 2025 BOP reaching USD 4.2 billion, a 6% increase year-over-year. ROE averaged approximately 13.3% over the decade ending but has accelerated to over 23% in the past three years, outperforming historical medians of 12.2% and reflecting enhanced capital allocation and reduced volatility in . GWP growth has been consistent at mid-single digits annually, supported by geographic diversification and rate discipline, though challenged by catastrophe losses in and casualty lines during peak years like 2021-2022. Overall expanded from around USD 50 billion in 2012 to USD 85.6 billion in , underscoring operational scale amid global insurance demand. These trends align with industry dynamics favoring insurers with strong balance sheets, though Zurich's metrics remain sensitive to fluctuations and claims .

Recent Financial Results (2020–2025)

In 2020, Zurich Insurance Group recorded a business operating profit (BOP) of USD 4.2 billion, reflecting resilience during the despite elevated claims in certain lines. The following year saw a sharp recovery, with BOP rising 35% to USD 5.7 billion in 2021, driven by improved performance and lower catastrophe losses. BOP continued to grow in 2022 to USD 6.45 billion, a 12% increase, supported by favorable pricing dynamics and volume growth in property and . This momentum accelerated in 2023, yielding a record BOP of USD 7.4 billion, up 21% from the prior year, with core (ROE) reaching 23.1% amid strong contributions from commercial insurance and life segments. In 2024, BOP edged higher to USD 7.8 billion, a 5% gain, while attributable to shareholders hit USD 5.8 billion; property and casualty gross written premiums rose 4% to USD 28.4 billion, bolstered by 5% rate increases.
YearBusiness Operating Profit (USD billion)Net Income Attributable to Shareholders (USD billion)
20204.2Not specified in available data
20215.7Not specified in available data
20226.45Not specified in available data
20237.44.351
20247.85.814
Through the first half of 2025, achieved another milestone with BOP of USD 4.2 billion, up 6% from H1 2024, and core expanding to 26.3%, the highest on record; life gross written premiums surged 14%, while property and casualty revenue grew 5% on 4% rate hikes. These results underscore sustained profitability amid volatile markets, with consistent cash remittances and dividend growth.

Corporate Governance

Leadership and Executive Structure

The executive leadership of Zurich Insurance Group is headed by Group Chief Executive Officer , who assumed the role in March 2016. Greco, born in 1959 and holding degrees in economics from the University of Rome and a master's in from the , brings prior experience as CEO of from 2012, as well as executive positions at Group and earlier roles within Zurich, including CEO of Global Life (2007–2010) and CEO of (2010–2012). Supporting the CEO is the Executive Committee, which functions as the primary management body responsible for Group-wide strategy, financial oversight, and business policy. The committee comprises key functional and regional heads, including Claudia Cordioli as Group (appointed to the committee in 2024), Ericson Chan as Group Chief Information and Digital Officer (appointed 2020), Peter Giger as Group , Stephan van Vliet as for Commercial Insurance, Alison Martin as for Life Insurance, Laurence Maurice as for Personal and Commercial Insurance, and Kristof Terryn as for . The Board of Directors provides oversight and governance, chaired by Michel M. Liès since April 2018. Liès, a national born in 1954 with a master's in from , previously served as Group CEO of from 2012 to 2016, following senior roles in across , , and client markets. The board includes independent members such as Vice-Chairman Christoph Franz (elected 2014), Joan Amble (2015), Michael Halbherr (2019), and newly elected Thomas Jordan (2025), with committees focused on audit, compensation, risk, and nomination to ensure balanced decision-making. This structure emphasizes separation between executive operations and supervisory functions, aligned with Swiss standards requiring annual shareholder elections for board members.

Ownership and Shareholder Relations

Zurich Insurance Group Ltd maintains a highly dispersed structure, with no or holding a . Under Article 120 of the Swiss Infrastructure Act, disclosures are required for thresholds starting at 3% of voting rights, but as of January 24, 2025, no exceeded this level, including major asset managers like The Capital Group Companies, Inc., which reported a stake below 3%. This reflects a broad base of , primarily comprising institutional investors and retail s, consistent with the company's listing on the . Institutional is estimated at around 40%, with the remainder held by public and investors. Insider remains low, with executives and directors collectively holding approximately 0.225% of shares. The company engages shareholders through a dedicated Investor Relations function, which disseminates financial reports, hosts presentations and investor days, and facilitates communication via a shareholder services hotline (+41 (0) 44 625 22 55) and email ([email protected]). Annual General Meetings (AGMs) serve as a key forum for shareholder input; at the April 9, 2025, AGM, attendees approved all board proposals, including the re-election of Michel M. Liès as Chairman of the Board of Directors. Zurich emphasizes through a progressive , targeting a payout ratio of about 75% of attributable to shareholders. For the 2024 fiscal year, the company proposed a of CHF 28 per share, an 8% increase from the prior year, underscoring its commitment to consistent returns amid record earnings. This policy has supported total shareholder returns, with investors realizing a of 17% over the preceding five years ending in 2025. Letters to shareholders and Q&A resources are available via the investor portal to enhance transparency.

Sustainability and Risk Management

Environmental and Social Initiatives

Zurich Insurance Group has committed to achieving net-zero in its own operations by 2030, advancing from a prior 2050 target, through a 70% reduction in emissions compared to 2019 baseline levels followed by residual offsetting. This includes initiatives like exploring algae-based carbon capture to support decarbonization efforts. The company published a Transition Plan outlining strategies for aligning operations and investments with global goals. In , Zurich integrates environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors by embedding climate data into systems and processes, with commitments to transition investment portfolios to net-zero emissions by 2050 across eight key action areas, including emissions reduction and scenario analysis. Its $7.9 billion portfolio in 2023 contributed to avoiding 4.5 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent emissions. efforts focus on sustainable sourcing via three pillars addressing environmental impacts, such as supplier decarbonization tools and training provided since 2023. Social initiatives emphasize supplier ESG practices, including requirements for diverse resource inclusion in contracts and recognition programs launched in January 2024. Zurich participates in the UN to incorporate ESG into decision-making. Regionally, partnerships like one in since November 2024 promote community green ecosystems for carbon reduction and eco-practices. Progress on these targets is tracked in the annual Report, with select key performance indicators independently assured as of the 2024 edition published in March 2025.

Criticisms of Sustainability Claims

Environmental advocacy groups have accused Zurich Insurance Group of greenwashing by continuing to underwrite projects despite public commitments to net-zero emissions by 2050 and initiatives. According to the 2023 Scorecard on Insurance, and the published by the Insure Our Future coalition, Zurich ranked as the sixth-largest global provider of to companies and projects, underwriting expansions in , gas, and that contradicted its pledges. The report highlighted Zurich's support for new developments, including mining, which environmental groups argue exacerbates risks while the company promotes its role in the . Critics, including the advocacy network Boycott Bloody Insurance, have pointed to Zurich's investments in majors such as ($96 million as of August 2025), Shell, and Chevron, firms accused of against regulations and contributing to emissions growth. These groups contend that such financial ties undermine Zurich's , which emphasizes reducing exposure to high-carbon assets, as the insurer derived approximately $2.1 billion in premiums from infrastructure in 2023 prior to policy adjustments. In response to mounting pressure from activists, Zurich announced in 2024 that it would cease underwriting new oil and gas extraction projects and restrict expansions in , but detractors from organizations like Campax described this as an insufficient "important step" that fails to address ongoing coverage of existing high-emission assets. These criticisms, largely from non-governmental organizations focused on , rely on public disclosures and estimates of portfolios but have not resulted in formal regulatory findings of misleading claims against . Insure Our Future's analyses, while data-driven, reflect an advocacy perspective prioritizing rapid , potentially overlooking the role of in enabling transitional energy infrastructure amid ongoing global reliance on hydrocarbons. has maintained that its policies balance with client needs, continuing coverage for existing projects to avoid market disruptions.

Claims Handling and Customer Disputes

Zurich Insurance Group processes claims through dedicated portals and channels available 24/7, emphasizing digital tools for reporting and tracking in regions like and . The company employs AI-driven systems to detect and predict claim outcomes, reportedly achieving 98% accuracy in real-time detection and accelerating by up to 58 times compared to manual reviews. Despite these efficiencies, customer disputes frequently arise over claim denials, delays, and alleged inadequate investigations, leading to lawsuits and interventions across jurisdictions. In , the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) issued two infringement notices totaling $37,560 to Zurich on May 16, 2025, for failures in handling trauma insurance claims, including delays in decision-making and insufficient communication with policyholders. The Australian Financial Complaints Authority (AFCA) has reviewed multiple Zurich disputes, overturning a 2021 denial of a $200,000 claim due to improper assessment of the policyholder's condition, mandating payment plus interest. Other AFCA cases show mixed outcomes, such as upholding Zurich's rejection of a forcible entry claim in August 2025 for lack of of violent break-in, limiting payout to $20,000 under policy terms for non-violent theft. In the United Kingdom, the (FOS) has adjudicated complaints against Zurich entities, including a upheld rejection of a claim in one case due to policy exclusions, though criticizing the insurer for excessive processing time exceeding two months. FOS decisions also address claims, such as fire damage disputes where handling was deemed reasonable if investigations confirmed coverage limits, but delays in validation drew scrutiny. United States operations, particularly Zurich North America, face recurring bad faith allegations in court. For instance, a Florida country club sued Zurich American Insurance Co. for paying only $2.8 million of Hurricane Irma-related losses, claiming breach of good faith in underpayment despite policy coverage. In September 2025, a lender challenged a $184,500 vandalism claim denial on a Miami property, alleging Zurich improperly applied exclusions without adequate evidence review. Workers' compensation disputes have also resulted in bad faith findings, as in a 2023 Colorado case where Zurich was held liable for unreasonably delaying benefits post-injury. Better Business Bureau records indicate ongoing consumer complaints about Zurich North America, primarily concerning claim denials and resolution timelines. These disputes often stem from interpretations of policy exclusions, such as misrepresentations or contestability clauses in , where has denied claims but faced successful appeals. While maintains that denials align with contractual terms and prevention, critics, including attorneys, argue systemic patterns of aggressive denial practices prioritize cost control over policyholder obligations. No comprehensive global complaint ratio is publicly standardized, but regional data and litigation volumes suggest claims handling remains a relative to 's scale as a multinational insurer.

Regulatory Actions and Penalties

In 2006, Zurich American Insurance Company, a subsidiary of Zurich Insurance Group, agreed to a $171.7 million settlement with nine U.S. states, including California, to resolve allegations of bid-rigging and unlawful steering of commercial insurance business to preferred brokers. Separately that year, Zurich Financial Services settled with New York, Illinois, and Connecticut for $153 million over similar bid-rigging practices in the contingent commission scandal, involving $88 million in restitution to policyholders and $65 million in penalties, alongside commitments to business practice reforms. In October 2008, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) imposed a $25 million on Financial Services for its role in a scheme using Bermuda-based finite risk contracts to improperly accelerate income recognition and smooth earnings between 1997 and 2004, with consenting to the judgment without admitting or denying the findings. In August 2010, the 's (FSA, predecessor to the FCA) fined Insurance Plc's branch £2.275 million for systems and controls failures that led to the loss of on 46,000 policyholders in 2008, marking one of the largest penalties at the time for lapses in the insurance sector. In April 2019, Zurich Life Insurance Company Ltd. and Zurich International Life Limited entered a non-prosecution agreement with the U.S. Department of Justice, paying a $5.115 million penalty to resolve allegations of conspiring to defraud the IRS by helping U.S. taxpayers conceal undeclared Swiss bank accounts and assets through wrappers from 2008 to 2015. More recently, in March 2022, the New York Department of Financial Services fined Zurich American Insurance Company as part of a $4.2 million penalty shared with Progressive for delayed reporting of policy cancellations to the DMV, violating state insurance and vehicle laws. In September 2024, a U.S. federal ordered Zurich American to pay an additional $2.8 million in damages for violations of General Laws Chapter 176D on unfair claims settlement practices in a suit. Zurich has faced no major public monetary penalties from Switzerland's FINMA, though the regulator imposed non-punitive remedial measures in 2020 for identified deficiencies in anti-money laundering controls within its insurance operations. Smaller infractions include a 2010 Connecticut fine of $235,000 against multiple entities for record-keeping and reporting violations, and infringement notices totaling A$37,560 in May 2025 for misleading conduct in trauma insurance claims handling. These actions reflect recurring regulatory scrutiny over compliance, , and sales practices across jurisdictions, though has often settled without admitting liability.

References

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