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Daniel Amen
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Daniel Gregory Amen (born July 19, 1954)[1] is an American celebrity doctor[1] who practices as a psychiatrist.[2] He is the founder and chief executive officer (CEO) of the Amen Clinics.[3] He is also the founder of Change Your Brain Foundation, BrainMD, and Amen University.[4][5] He is a twelve-time New York Times best-selling author as of 2023.[6][7]
Key Information
Amen has built a profitable business around the use of the controversial practice of SPECT (single-photon emission computed tomography) imaging for diagnostic purposes.[8] His marketing of SPECT scans and much of what he says about the brain and health in his books, media appearances, and marketing of his clinics have been condemned by scientists and doctors as lacking scientific validity and as being unethical, especially since the way SPECT is used in his clinics exposes people to harmful radiation with no clear benefit.[9][10][11][12]
Amen has studied brain injuries affecting professional athletes[2] and has consulted on post-concussion issues for the National Football League.[13]
Early life and education
[edit]Daniel Amen was born in Encino, California, in July 1954 to American-born Lebanese parents.[1] After attending the University of Maryland, West Germany Campus from 1974 to 1975, he went to Orange Coast College, where he received an AA degree in 1976.[14] He subsequently obtained a BA degree in biology from Southern California College (now Vanguard University) in 1978,[15] and an MD degree from Oral Roberts University School of Medicine in 1982.[16][17] Amen did his general psychiatric training at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, D.C.,[17] and his child and adolescent psychiatry training at Tripler Army Medical Center in Honolulu.[17] Amen is board certified by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology in Psychiatry, with a subspecialty in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.[18]
Career in business
[edit]Amen is the chief executive officer and medical director of the twelve Amen Clinics.[1][17]
SPECT scanning
[edit]Amen's practices use single-photon emission computed tomography, or SPECT, scans of brain activity in an attempt to compare the activity of a person's brain to a known healthy model.[citation needed] Amen prescribes both medication and non-medicative courses of treatment, depending on the case. He also performs before-and-after SPECT scans, which claim to assess the effectiveness of treatment.[19] An initial evaluation with SPECT at Amen's clinics cost about $4,000 in 2020.[20] Amen's clinics claim to have the world's largest database of functional brain scans for neuropsychiatry.[17] As of 2009[update], Amen said he had scanned 50,000 people at an estimated cost of $170 million.[21]
The effectiveness of SPECT scans in treating psychiatric conditions has been the subject of scientific debate.[22] John Seibyl of the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging has stated that it is settled that SPECT is of no value for diagnosing psychological disorders.[23] In 2008, Tufts professor and writer Daniel Carlat published an article on Amen's use of SPECT imaging.[24] After visiting Amen's clinics, Carlat called Amen's interpretations of the scans "spectacularly meaningless".[1]
A 2012 review by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) found that neuroimaging studies "have yet to impact significantly the diagnosis or treatment of individual patients."[25] The review also states that neuroimaging studies "do not provide sufficient specificity and sensitivity to accurately classify individual cases with respect to the presence of a psychiatric illness."[25] The APA has concluded that "the available evidence does not support the use of brain imaging for clinical diagnosis or treatment of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents."[26] According to cognitive neuroscience researcher Martha Farah and psychologist S. J. Gillihan, "[t]he lack of empirical validation has led to widespread condemnation of diagnostic SPECT as premature and unproven."[12]
Ethics of SPECT scanning
[edit]Questions have been raised about the ethics of selling SPECT scans on the basis of unproven claims: neuroscience professor Martha Farah calls such use "profitable but unproven" and says, "Tens of thousands of individuals, many of them children, have been exposed to the radiation of two SPECT scans and paid thousands of dollars out of pocket (because insurers will not pay) against the advice of many experts".[9] Professor of psychology Irving Kirsch has said of Amen's theory: "Before you start promulgating this and marketing it and profiting from it, you should ethically be bound to demonstrate it scientifically in a peer-reviewed, respected journal", as otherwise, "you're just going down the path of being a snake oil salesman".[1]
In a 2011 paper, neuroscientist Anjan Chatterjee discussed example cases that were found on the Amen Clinic's website, including a couple with marital difficulties and a child with impulsive aggression. The paper noted that the examples "violate the standard of care" because a normal clinical diagnosis would have been sufficient and that there "was no reason to obtain functional neuroimaging for diagnostic purposes in these cases."[21] Most patients do not realize that the SPECT scans rely on unproven claims.[8] In 2021, Steven Hyman, director of the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, stated, "people who are desperate are vulnerable to snake oil, and this has all of the look and feel of a clinic that's preying on people's desperation."[27][28]
As reported by The Washington Post in 2012, officials at major psychiatric and neuroscience associations and research centers see Amen's claims for the use of SPECT as "no more than myth and poppycock, buffaloing an unsuspecting public."[1]
Work for athletes
[edit]One of Amen's clinics provides brain scans for current and former National Football League players.[13][29] Amen made the initial diagnosis of brain damage in NFL kicker Tom Dempsey.[2] During medical examinations and scans, Amen found three holes in Dempsey's brain, along with other damage.[2] He has also provided diagnosis and therapy for hockey player Paul Kariya, related to his concussion issues; Amen advised Kariya to retire as a professional, which he did.[2][13]
Dietary supplements
[edit]Amen's websites market vitamin supplements and a branded range of other dietary supplements.[10] These supplements have been promoted for a number of purported health benefits, including a claimed ability to prevent or stop Alzheimer's disease. There is, however, no known benefit from taking such supplements except for specific substance deficiencies.[30][31] Neurologist Robert Burton has written that he was "just appalled" by the things offered for sale on Amen's "big business" websites,[10] and Harriet Hall has said that Amen prescribes "inadequately tested natural remedies" and "irrational mixtures of nutritional diet supplements" as part of his treatment.[32]
Career in media
[edit]Writing
[edit]Amen's first book, Change Your Brain, Change Your Life, was published in 1999 and unexpectedly reached The New York Times best seller list after selling tens of thousands of copies in the first year. Publishers Weekly noted that the book "apparently struck a nerve with readers who love a 'scientific' hook."[33][34]
In his book Making a Good Brain Great, he provided his analysis and recommendations for brain improvement purported to enhance a person's overall happiness and ability. For example, he suggested that hobbies which challenge the brain are important to ensure a happy life, as he believes they force the brain to learn and evolve over time.[35] Davi Thornton characterized the book as consisting of "commonplace recommendations for self-improvement."[33]
Healing the Hardware of the Soul, written by Amen in 2008, was reviewed in the American Journal of Psychiatry by Andrew Leuchter. "Dr. Amen makes a good case for the use of brain imaging to explain and medicalize mental disorders", Leuchter said. "However, the reader who has any degree of familiarity with mental illness and brain science is left unconvinced that his [Amen's] highly commercialized use of scanning is justified." Leuchter concluded that Amen "has not subjected his treatment approaches to the level of systematic scientific scrutiny expected for scientifically based medical practice."[36]
In Amen's The Brain in Love, he described the brain activity that occurs during chanting meditation as similar to that which takes place during the feeling of love and sexual activity.[37]
In 2013, Amen co-authored with pastor Rick Warren The Daniel Plan: 40 Days to a Healthier Life, on "how to lead a healthy life".[38] Amen was one of the people—others included Mark Hyman and Mehmet Oz—that Warren recruited to help devise the program.[39] Warren encouraged adoption of the plan by all member churches in his network of Saddleback churches.[40] According to Janice Norris, "The Daniel Plan is...more than a diet. It is a lifestyle program based on biblical principles and five essential components: food, fitness, focus, faith, and friends."[41] Amen, Warren, and Hyman appeared on the television show The View to discuss the Daniel Plan, and 3,000 people came to a rally at Saddleback Church in Lake Forest, California, to hear the three talk about the plan.[42][43]
In 2013, Amen released an updated version of Healing ADD from the Inside Out: The Breakthrough Program That Allows You to See and Heal the Seven Types of Attention Deficit Disorder.[44]
In 2017, Amen and his wife, Tana, published The Brain Warrior's Way: Ignite Your Energy and Focus, Attack Illness and Aging, Transform Pain into Purpose, which Harriet Hall reviewed; she wrote: "Much of the advice in this book is mainstream medical advice, and there are helpful practical hints like putting your food on a smaller plate and not shopping for food when you are hungry. The problem is that the good advice is inextricably mixed with false information and misleading statements, and with detailed recommendations that are not supported by science."[11]
Television programs
[edit]Amen has produced television programs about his theories. One of them, "Change Your Brain, Change Your Life", was aired by PBS affiliates 1,300 times in 2008 during fund-raising drives.[10] Another, "Magnificent Mind at Any Age with Dr. Daniel Amen", was aired before January 1, 2009.[30] Neurologist Michael Greicius, director of the Stanford Center for Memory Disorders and principal investigator of the Functional Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory at Stanford, stated, "The PBS airing of Amen's program provides a stamp of scientific validity to work which has no scientific validity."[10][45] These programs have been described as infomercials for Amen's clinics. The program's depiction of the "wonders of ginkgo and other 'natural' products such as St. John's wort." was also criticized.[10][30] Alternative-medicine skeptic and physician Harriet A. Hall and neurologist Robert A. Burton criticized PBS for the airing of these programs.[10][32] Michael Getler, the PBS ombudsman, replied that "PBS had nothing to do with the 'Brain' program's content and did not vet the program in any way." Local PBS affiliates "make their own editorial decisions based on their own guidelines about what to air", he wrote.[32][46]
Reception of ideas
[edit]In 2012, The Washington Post Magazine ran a cover story titled "Daniel Amen is the most popular psychiatrist in America. To most researchers and scientists, that's a very bad thing." The Washington Post detailed Amen's lack of acceptance among the scientific community and his monetary conflict of interest.[1] Journalist Sanjiv Bhattacharya wrote that Amen's critics likened him "to a self-help guru rather than a scientist, on account of all the books, DVDs and nutritional supplements which he hawks so shamelessly on infomercials" and that Amen was "the most controversial psychiatrist in America [who] may also be the most commercially successful."[23] Amen has responded to such criticism by claiming that the criticism comes from jealousy of his financial success and also claiming that his largest source of referrals is from previous patients.[23]
Memberships and recognition
[edit]Amen is a Distinguished Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association.[1][47] He has also been an assistant clinical professor of psychiatry and human behavior at the University of California, Irvine, College of Medicine.[17]
Amen is the author of more than 30 books, with combined sales of about one million copies.[1][23] Five of his books have been The New York Times bestsellers as of 2012.[7] In 2015, Amen's The Daniel Plan received the Christian Book of the Year Award.[48]
Bibliography
[edit]- Change Your Brain, Change Your Life: The Breakthrough Program for Conquering Anxiety, Depression, Obsessiveness, Anger, and Impulsiveness (1999) ISBN 9780748114689
- Healing the Hardware of the Soul: Enhance Your Brain to Improve Your Work, Love, and Spiritual Life (2002) ISBN 9780743242356
- Healing Anxiety and Depression: Based on Cutting-Edge Brain-Imaging Science Amen and Lisa C. Routh (2004) ISBN 0425198448
- Images of Human Behavior: A Brain SPECT Atlas (2004) ISBN 9781886554047
- ADD in Intimate Relationships (2005) ISBN 9781886554191
- Making a Good Brain Great: The Amen Clinic Program for Achieving and Sustaining Optimal Mental Performance (2006) ISBN 9781400082094
- Sex on the Brain (2007) ISBN 9780307339072
- Magnificent Mind at Any Age: Natural Ways to Unleash Your Brain's Maximum Potential (2008) ISBN 9780307339096
- The Brain in Love: 12 Lessons to Enhance Your Love Life (2009) ISBN 9780307587893
- Unchain Your Brain: 10 Steps to Breaking the Addictions That Steal Your Life (2010) ISBN 9781886554382
- The Amen Solution: The Brain Healthy Way to Get Thinner, Smarter, Happier (2011) ISBN 9780307463616
- Use Your Brain to Change Your Age: Secrets to Look, Feel, and Think Younger Every Day (2012) ISBN 9780307888938
- The Daniel Plan: 40 Days to a Healthier Life (2013) ISBN 9780310344308
- Unleash the Power of the Female Brain: Supercharging Yours for Better Health, Energy, Mood, Focus, and Sex (2013) ISBN 9780307888945
- Healing ADD Revised Edition: The Breakthrough Program that Allows You to See and Heal the 7 Types of ADD (2013) ISBN 9780425269978
- Healing ADD Brain Type Test (2014) ISBN 9781886554573
- Change Your Brain, Change Your Life: The Breakthrough Program for Conquering Anxiety, Depression, Obsessiveness, Anger, and Impulsiveness (revised) (2015)
- The Brain Warrior's Way Cookbook: Over 100 Recipes to Ignite Your Energy and Focus, Attack Illness and Aging, Transform Pain into Purpose (2016) ISBN 9780143109112
- Memory Rescue: Supercharge Your Brain, Reverse Memory Loss, and Remember What Matters Most (2017) ISBN 9781496425607
- Captain Snout and the Super Power Questions (2017) ISBN 9780310758327
- The Brain Warrior's Way: Ignite Your Energy and Focus, Attack Illness and Aging, Transform Pain into Purpose (2017) ISBN 9781101988480
- Stones of Remembrance (2017) ISBN 1496425960
- Feel Better Fast and Make It Last: Unlock Your Brain's Healing Potential to Overcome Negativity, Anxiety, Anger, Stress, and Trauma (2018) ISBN 1496430999
- The End of Mental Illness: How Neuroscience Is Transforming Psychiatry and Helping Prevent or Reverse Mood and Anxiety Disorders, ADHD, Addictions, PTSD, Psychosis, Personality Disorders, and More (2020) ISBN 9781496438157
- Your Brain Is Always Listening: Tame the Hidden Dragons That Control Your Happiness, Habits, and Hang-Ups (2021) ISBN 9781496438218
- You, Happier: The 7 Neuroscience Secrets of Feeling Good Based on Your Brain Type (2022) ISBN 9781496454553
- Change Your Brain Every Day: Simple Daily Practices to Strengthen Your Mind, Memory, Moods, Focus, Energy, Habits, and Relationships (2023) ISBN 9781496454607
- Conquer Your Negative Thoughts (2023) ISBN 9781496457660
- 30% Happier in 30 Days (2023) ISBN 9781496472366
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Tucker, Neely (August 9, 2012). "Daniel Amen is the most popular psychiatrist in America. To most researchers and scientists, that's a very bad thing". Washington Post Magazine. Archived from the original on December 16, 2021. Retrieved August 26, 2017.
- ^ a b c d e Dykes, Brett Michael (January 27, 2013). "For former kicker, the price of fearlessness". The New York Times.
- ^ Butcher, James (2008). "Neuropolitics gone mad". The Lancet Neurology. 7 (4): 295. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70056-5. S2CID 54411790.
- ^ Guyardo, Gayle (August 10, 2023). "Change Your Brain Everyday: Leading brain expert Dr. Daniel Amen joins Gayle Guyardo on Bloom". WFLA. Archived from the original on April 25, 2024. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
- ^ "About Change Your Brain Foundation". Archived from the original on February 29, 2024. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
- ^ Carpenter, Tierra (March 3, 2021). "Best-selling artist talks new book, 'Your Brain is Always Listening'". WISH-TV. Archived from the original on April 25, 2024. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
- ^ a b Shapiro, Eliza (December 14, 2012). "Can Daniel Amen read your mind?". The Daily Beast. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
- ^ a b Farah, Martha J.; Gillihan, Seth J. (2013). "Ch. 11 Neuroimaging in Clinical Psychiatry". In Chatterjee, Anjan; Farah, Martha J. (eds.). Neuroethics in Practice. Oxford University Press. pp. 131–143. ISBN 978-0-19-538978-4.
- ^ a b Farah, M.J. (2009). "A picture is worth a thousand dollars". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (Editorial). 21 (4): 623–4. doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21133. PMID 19296729. S2CID 29300297.
- ^ a b c d e f g Burton, Robert A. (May 12, 2008). "Brain scam: Why is PBS airing Dr. Daniel Amen's self-produced infomercial for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease?". Salon. Archived from the original on June 27, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
- ^ a b Hall, Harriet (February 21, 2017). "Daniel and Tana Amen's Book The Brain Warrior's Way: Standard Health Advice Mixed with Misinformation and Fanciful Ideas". Science-Based Medicine. Archived from the original on February 19, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
- ^ a b Farah, M.J.; Gillihan, S.J. (2012). "The puzzle of neuroimaging and psychiatric diagnosis: Technology and nosology in an evolving discipline". AJOB Neuroscience. 3 (4): 31–41. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.713072. PMC 3597411. PMID 23505613.
The lack of empirical validation has led to widespread condemnation of diagnostic SPECT as premature and unproven.
- ^ a b c "All-Star Kariya ends career". Tampa Bay Times. June 29, 2011. Archived from the original on March 11, 2014.
- ^ Meet Dr. Daniel Amen Archived 2021-04-13 at the Wayback Machine - website danielamenmd.com
- ^ "Newport Beach resident receives Vanguard honor". Daily Pilot. March 26, 2002. Archived from the original on September 10, 2017.
- ^ "Daniel Amen, MD". Doctor Finder. U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on March 10, 2014. Retrieved March 9, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f "Biography: Daniel G. Amen, MD". WebMD. Archived from the original on March 10, 2014. Retrieved March 9, 2014.
- ^ "Practitioner Database". Certification Matters. American Board of Medical Specialties. Archived from the original on March 26, 2022. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
- ^ Demos, John N. (2005). "Ch. 6 Brain Maps, Quantitative Electroencephalograph, and Normative Databases". Getting Started with Neurofeedback. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-393-07553-3.
- ^ Nagappan, Ashwini; Kalokairinou, Louiza; Wexler, Anna (October 2021). "Ethical and Legal Considerations of Alternative Neurotherapies". AJOB Neuroscience. 12 (4): 257–269. doi:10.1080/21507740.2021.1896601. ISSN 2150-7740. PMC 8460707. PMID 33759705.
- ^ a b Chancellor, B.; Chatterjee, A. (2011). "Brain branding: When neuroscience and commerce collide". AJOB Neuroscience. 2 (4): 18. doi:10.1080/21507740.2011.611123. S2CID 17157310. Archived from the original on February 12, 2021. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
Amen Clinics, Inc., has scanned more than 50,000 patients at a cost close to $170 million.
- ^ Anderson, James A; Mizgalewicz, Ania; Illes, Judy (August 8, 2013). "Triangulating perspectives on functional neuroimaging for disorders of mental health". BMC Psychiatry. 13: 208. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-13-208. ISSN 1471-244X. PMC 3751061. PMID 23924295.
- ^ a b c d Bhattacharya, Sanjiv (February 6, 2013). "Dr Daniel Amen interview: The shrink who believes technology will replace the couch". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved March 11, 2018.
- ^ Carlat, Daniel (May 19, 2008). "Brain scans as mind readers? Don't believe the hype". Wired. Archived from the original on May 25, 2008. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
- ^ a b First, M.; Botterton, K.; Carter, C.; Castellano, F.X.; Dickstein, D.P.; Drevets, W.; Kim, K.L.; Pescosolido, M.F.; Rausch, S.; Seymour, K.E.; Sheline, Y.; Zubieta, J.-K. (July 1, 2012). "Consensus Report of the APA Work Group on Neuroimaging Markers of Psychiatric Disorders" (PDF). APA Official Actions (Resource Document). Board of Trustees; American Psychiatric Association (APA). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 23, 2013. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
- ^ Council on Children, Adolescents; Their Families (January 1, 2005). "Resource Document on Brain Imaging and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry With Special Emphasis on Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)" (PDF). APA Official Actions. Joint Reference Committee; American Psychiatric Association (APA). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 23, 2015. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
- ^ Medaris, Anna (January 27, 2022). "A controversial Hollywood psychiatrist conducted Bella Hadid's brain scans, inspiring the model to stop drinking". Insider. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
- ^ "People who think they have CTE are seeking treatment at a controversial brain clinic". NPR.org. November 23, 2021. Archived from the original on May 26, 2022. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
- ^ Williams, Joseph (February 19, 2007). "Give your head a rest: When it hurts, don't try to play through the pain. You could have a concussion. Tips for avoiding and recovering from a concussion". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on March 11, 2014. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
- ^ a b c Carroll, Robert Todd (January 1, 2009). "PBS Infomercial for Daniel Amen's Clinics". The Skeptic's Dictionary (Online ed.). Retrieved March 11, 2014.
- ^ Guallar, E.; Stranges, S.; Mulrow, C.; Appel, L.J.; Miller, E.R. III (2013). "Enough is enough: Stop wasting money on vitamin and mineral supplements". Annals of Internal Medicine (editorial). 159 (12): 850–1. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-159-12-201312170-00011. PMID 24490268. S2CID 8623113.
- ^ a b c Hall, Harriet (March 19, 2013). "Dr. Amen's Love Affair with SPECT Scans". Science-Based Medicine. Archived from the original on October 19, 2013. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
- ^ a b Thornton, Davi Johnson (2011). "Practical Neuoscience and Brain-Based Self-Help". Brain Culture: Neuroscience and Popular Media. Rutgers University Press. pp. 64 et seq. ISBN 978-0-8135-5012-1.
- ^ Quinn, Judy (March 1, 1999). "Get a 'Life'". Publishers Weekly. Vol. 245, no. 9.". . . "the book's stronger than expected out-of-the-gate success."
- ^ Swanner, Rebecca (2010). Best You Ever: 365 Ways to be Richer, Happier, Thinner, Smarter, Younger, Sexier, and More Relaxed - Each and Every Day. Adams Media. p. 340. ISBN 978-1-4405-1071-7.
- ^ Leuchter, A.F. (2009). "Healing the Hardware of the Soul: Enhance Your Brain to Improve Your Work, Love, and Spiritual Life" (PDF). American Journal of Psychiatry (book review). 166 (5): 625. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.08121843. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 11, 2014. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
- ^ Fisher, Maryanne; Bradford, Andrea (2010). "Ch. 14 Sex Inhibitors". The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Chemistry of Love. Penguin. Meditate for Better Sex. ISBN 978-1-101-47803-5.
- ^ Martin, Rachel (December 8, 2013). "Rick Warren writes a faith-based diet book". Weekend Edition. NPR News. Archived from the original on December 11, 2019. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
- ^ Park, Madison (January 24, 2012). "Rick Warren and church tackle obesity". Health. CNN.com. CNN. Archived from the original on April 6, 2013. Retrieved October 20, 2012.
- ^ Piaza, Joe (March 27, 2012). "Church spreads the gospel of healthy eating". FoxNews.com. Fox News Channel. Archived from the original on March 27, 2012. Retrieved October 20, 2012.
- ^ Norris, Janice (January 7, 2014). "Health is wealth: Start a new lifestyle with the Daniel Plan". Stuttgart Daily Leader. Archived from the original on February 3, 2014. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
- ^ "Scoop: THE VIEW on ABC - Week of December 23, 2013". Broadway World. December 18, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
- ^ Macvean, Mary (June 16, 2014). "Cross training: Christians embrace Daniel Plan's Mind-Body-Spirit Diet". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 16, 2014. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
- ^ Fresno County Public Library Staff (January 4, 2014). "Library Bookshelf: Desolation of Smaug guidebook available". The Fresno Bee. Archived from the original on February 1, 2014. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
- ^ "Translational Research - Stanford Center for Memory Disorders - Neurology & Neurological Sciences - Stanford University School of Medicine: Diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease". neurology.stanford.edu. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
- ^ Getler, Michael (May 20, 2008). "Caution: That Program May Not Be From PBS". PBS Ombudsman. pbs.org. PBS. Archived from the original on March 14, 2014. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
- ^ Rosemond, John (2008). "Ch. 3 Biology in Wonderland". The Diseasing of America's Children: Exposing the ADHD Fiasco and Empowering Parents to Take Back Control. Thomas Nelson. Brain Scan Babble p. 63. ISBN 978-1-4185-6921-1.
- ^ Charles, Ron (May 5, 2015). "Rick Warren's weight-loss plan named Christian Book of the Year". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 29, 2015. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
Further reading
[edit]- Adinoff, B.; Devous, M (2010). "Scientifically unfounded claims in diagnosing and treating patients". American Journal of Psychiatry (letter to the editor). 167 (5): 598. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10020157. PMID 20439400.
- Hall, Harriet (2007) [2005]. "A Skeptical View of SPECT Scans and Dr. Daniel Amen". Quackwatch. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
- Muldowney, Decca (December 11, 2022). "Brain Doctor to the Stars Labeled a 'Snake-Oil' Salesman". The Daily Beast.
External links
[edit]Daniel Amen
View on GrokipediaEarly years
Childhood and family background
Daniel Amen was born on July 19, 1954, in Encino, California, to parents of Lebanese descent.[1][8] His father, Louis Amen, immigrated from poverty and became chairman of the board of Unified Grocers, a multibillion-dollar grocery cooperative in Los Angeles, while his mother, Dolores, supported the family over their 70-year marriage.[9] As one of seven children and the middle child, Amen grew up in a large family.[10][9] This background influenced his transition to formal education pursuits.Education and medical training
Daniel Amen began his undergraduate studies in 1974 at the University of Maryland's West Germany Campus, where he explored early interests in medicine during his military service abroad.[11] He then transferred to Orange Coast College, earning an Associate of Arts degree in 1976.[11] Amen completed his bachelor's degree in biology at Southern California College (now Vanguard University) in 1978, laying the foundation for his medical career with a focus on biological sciences.[11][12] Following his undergraduate education, Amen attended Oral Roberts University School of Medicine, where he earned his Doctor of Medicine degree in 1982.[11][12] Amen's postgraduate training commenced with a medical internship at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, D.C., from 1982 to 1983.[11] He continued there for his psychiatric residency from 1983 to 1985, specializing in general psychiatry while serving on active duty in the U.S. Army.[11] To further his expertise, he completed a fellowship in child and adolescent psychiatry at Tripler Army Medical Center in Honolulu, Hawaii, from 1985 to 1987.[11] During his early military service, which began in 1972 as an infantry medic, Amen was retrained as an X-ray technician and stationed in Germany for nearly three years, providing his initial exposure to medical imaging techniques that later informed his interest in neuroimaging.[1] He rose to the rank of major during his active duty as a physician from 1982 to 1989, honing his clinical skills in military psychiatric practice.[1][13]Professional career
Founding of Amen Clinics and SPECT imaging
In 1989, Daniel Amen established the first Amen Clinic in Newport Beach, California, as a psychiatric practice focused on treating mental health conditions through a combination of traditional therapy and emerging diagnostic approaches.[3] Initially operating as a single facility, the clinic emphasized comprehensive patient evaluations to address issues such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and mood disorders.[3] Amen introduced single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans to his practice in 1991, following attendance at a lecture on the technology.[14] SPECT is a nuclear medicine imaging technique that uses a radioactive tracer to measure blood flow and activity patterns in the brain, providing functional insights rather than structural details like those from CT or MRI scans.[15] By the early 1990s, Amen integrated SPECT into routine assessments, viewing it as a tool to visualize brain dysfunction underlying psychiatric symptoms. Under Amen's leadership as CEO, the network expanded to 11 clinics across the United States by 2025, with the organization having performed over 250,000 SPECT scans as of 2025.[3][16] The core methodology involves analyzing SPECT images to identify specific "brain types" or patterns associated with conditions like ADHD, anxiety, depression, and addiction; for instance, scans often reveal overactivity in the anterior cingulate gyrus—a region involved in error detection and emotional regulation—for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), while addiction patterns may show similar cingulate overactivity linked to low serotonin levels.[17][18] These patterns guide personalized treatment plans, including medication, supplements, and lifestyle interventions.[19] The use of SPECT in psychiatric diagnostics has raised ethical concerns, including the high cost of scans—typically $3,500 or more for an initial evaluation including two images—and the lack of FDA approval for its routine application in diagnosing mental health disorders, as it is primarily cleared for neurological conditions like dementia.[1][20] Neurologists and organizations such as the American Psychiatric Association (APA) have criticized its clinical utility, stating in a 2018 resource document that neuroimaging like SPECT is not recommended for positively defining diagnoses of primary psychiatric illnesses due to insufficient evidence of reliability and impact on treatment outcomes.[21][1]Applications in athletics and nutritional supplements
Since the early 2000s, Daniel Amen has collaborated with professional athletes, particularly in the National Football League (NFL), to address brain health issues related to sports injuries. His work began notably in 2000 with retired NFL player Brent Boyd, leading to broader involvement with active and former players from 27 teams across all positions. Amen employs single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging to diagnose concussions and post-injury cognitive impairments, revealing patterns of reduced cerebral blood flow in areas like the prefrontal cortex and temporal lobes associated with repetitive head trauma.[22][23] Amen has developed brain rehabilitation programs tailored for sports-related trauma, integrating SPECT scans with therapeutic and lifestyle interventions to promote recovery. These protocols typically include neurofeedback to enhance brainwave patterns, cognitive behavioral therapy to manage symptoms like anxiety and impulsivity, and lifestyle modifications such as aerobic exercise and dietary adjustments to improve cerebral perfusion. A 2011 study co-authored by Amen demonstrated measurable improvements in cognitive function and brain blood flow among former NFL players following a multimodal regimen that combined these elements over six months, with statistically significant improvements in cognitive function, including attention, memory, and reasoning, and some participants showing greater than 50% increases in percentile scores.[24][25] In 2009, Amen founded BrainMD, a nutraceutical company offering supplements formulated to support brain health based on his clinical observations. Key products include NeuroVite, a comprehensive multivitamin designed to provide essential nutrients for overall cognitive maintenance, and Focus & Energy, which combines green tea extract, rhodiola, and ashwagandha to enhance mental clarity and stamina without caffeine-related side effects. These supplements emphasize brain-specific nutrients, such as high-potency omega-3 fatty acids in products like Omega-3 Power, purported to reduce neuroinflammation and support neuronal membrane integrity.[26][27] Amen integrates BrainMD supplements into Amen Clinics treatments, customizing regimens according to SPECT scan results to target identified brain patterns. For instance, patients with low frontal lobe activity—common in post-concussion cases—may receive protocols recommending 2,000–3,000 mg of omega-3s daily alongside antioxidants to bolster blood flow and reduce oxidative stress, with Amen's research suggesting improvements in focus and mood after 3–6 months. Such approaches aim to complement imaging-guided therapies, though benefits are based on observational data from his clinics rather than large-scale randomized trials.[28][29][30] Amen has also discussed factors contributing to telomere shortening in the context of brain aging and health, identifying chronic inflammation—often promoted by free radicals—as a key mechanism that damages DNA and accelerates cellular aging. According to Amen, additional factors include free radicals directly damaging DNA, vitamin deficiencies such as vitamin D, and lack of omega-3 fatty acids, which can exacerbate oxidative stress and inflammation. These insights inform his recommendations for nutritional interventions to preserve telomere length and support long-term brain health.[31]Business expansion and operations
Amen Clinics, founded by Daniel Amen in 1989 as a single facility in Newport Beach, California, expanded steadily to 11 locations across the United States by 2025, including sites in major metropolitan areas such as Orange County, Chicago, New York, Atlanta, Dallas, San Francisco Bay Area, Washington D.C., Bellevue (Seattle), Phoenix, Walnut Creek, and Reston. This growth reflects a focus on increasing accessibility to brain health services nationwide, with the clinics maintaining a database of over 250,000 SPECT scans from patients in over 155 countries as of 2025, though operations remain U.S.-based without confirmed international clinic openings as of late 2025.[3][11][32][16] As a for-profit entity, Amen Clinics operates as a private company under Amen Clinics, Inc., generating estimated annual revenues exceeding $100 million in the mid-2020s primarily from diagnostic scans, treatment services, and related offerings. The business model emphasizes scalable outpatient care, with revenue streams supported by a network of specialized facilities that prioritize high-volume patient consultations and imaging procedures.[32][33] Beyond core clinical operations, Amen Clinics has pursued additional ventures including partnerships with health professionals and organizations, such as collaborations with Peak Brain Institute for neurofeedback programs and Love and Logic for mental health education initiatives. The organization also offers online brain health assessments through its website, allowing users to complete initial evaluations remotely before in-person visits, and provides corporate wellness programs via the Peak Brain Performance initiative, which tailors brain optimization plans for professionals seeking enhanced cognitive function. Amen University extends this reach with online courses on brain health topics, further diversifying revenue through educational content.[34][35][36][37][38][39] The operational model at Amen Clinics relies on multidisciplinary teams comprising board-certified psychiatrists, therapists, nutritionists, and imaging specialists, all trained in the Amen Clinics Method to deliver holistic care. This approach integrates SPECT imaging with therapy, nutritional guidance, and lifestyle coaching to create personalized treatment plans addressing root causes of mental health issues, emphasizing prevention and long-term brain optimization over symptom management alone.[40][41][3]Media presence
Authorship and publications
Daniel Amen is a prolific author in the field of brain health and psychiatry, having written or co-authored more than 40 books that emphasize practical strategies for improving mental and physical well-being.[4] His works have collectively sold millions of copies and been translated into 50 languages, making his ideas accessible to a global audience.[3] Amen has achieved several New York Times bestseller statuses, highlighting the widespread appeal of his self-help approaches grounded in neuroimaging and lifestyle interventions.[42] His debut book, Change Your Brain, Change Your Life (1998), introduced readers to single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging as a tool for understanding and treating brain-based issues like anxiety, depression, and attention disorders. This seminal work has sold over one million copies and laid the foundation for Amen's ongoing exploration of how brain function influences behavior and health.[43] Across his bibliography, recurring themes include the brain-body connection, self-help techniques for managing mental disorders, and the role of nutrition and exercise in optimizing brain performance. For instance, The Brain Warrior's Way (2016), co-authored with his wife Tana Amen, focuses on dietary and lifestyle protocols to combat inflammation, aging, and cognitive decline. In recent years, Amen has continued to update and expand his core ideas with publications addressing contemporary challenges. Change Your Brain Every Day (2023) offers daily practices to enhance memory, mood, focus, and relationships through neuroscience-backed habits. Similarly, You, Happier: The 7 Neuroscience Secrets of Feeling Good Based on Your Brain Type (2022) provides personalized strategies for boosting happiness by identifying individual brain types via self-assessments.[44] His book Change Your Brain, Change Your Pain (published December 2025) examines the neurological links between chronic physical and emotional pain, advocating for targeted interventions like diet, supplements, and mindset shifts to disrupt pain cycles. Amen frequently collaborates with family members and experts, as seen in co-authored titles like Raising Mentally Strong Kids (2024) with Charles Fay, which applies brain science to parenting.[3] Many of Amen's books have been adapted into companion workbooks, online courses, and apps through platforms like BrainMD and Amen University, extending their reach beyond print to interactive tools for readers.[45] These publications have popularized concepts of preventive brain care, often cross-promoted through his television appearances to amplify their impact on public awareness of mental health.[42]Television and public speaking
Daniel Amen has produced and hosted 19 public television specials on brain health as of 2025, with his series titled "The Brain with Dr. Daniel Amen" airing extensively on PBS stations nationwide.[3] These programs, which explore topics such as memory improvement and mental resilience, were broadcast over 50,000 times and generated approximately $40 million in funding for public broadcasting outlets as of 2012.[1] A live taping of a new special occurred in June 2025, continuing to address contemporary brain health trends like cognitive optimization.[46] Beyond PBS, Amen has made numerous guest appearances on major television programs to discuss neuroimaging and mental wellness. He has featured multiple times on The Dr. Oz Show, including segments in 2013 on brain SPECT imaging and female leadership wired in the brain, as well as a 2015 visit where Dr. Mehmet Oz toured Amen Clinics in New York.[47][48] In 2025, he appeared on Fox News to address the effects of cannabis on youth brain development, warning of potential permanent stunting based on SPECT scan evidence from his clinics.[49] Amen is an active public speaker, delivering keynotes at health conferences and events focused on brain optimization. He has presented at TEDx events, including a 2013 talk at TEDxOrangeCoast titled "The Most Important Lesson from 83,000 Brain Scans," which has garnered over 22 million views online.[50] Other engagements include speeches at the National TACA Autism Conference and the What Boys Need Conference in 2025, emphasizing practical strategies for mental health.[51][52] Through Amen Clinics, he hosts annual interactive workshops and live events, such as a November 2025 SPECT scan demonstration in Phoenix, to educate audiences on brain imaging applications.[53][54] In his presentations and broadcasts, Amen frequently incorporates visuals from SPECT scans to illustrate brain function, a strategy that enhances audience engagement with his research findings. His media outreach extends to digital platforms, including a YouTube channel that, by 2025, boasts millions of subscribers and features discussions on celebrity brain scans and health tips.[55] This approach has amplified his message, with online videos exceeding 300 million views collectively.[56]Public perception
Scientific reception and controversies
Daniel Amen's use of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging for diagnosing and treating psychiatric conditions has faced substantial criticism from the mainstream medical community, with many neurologists and psychiatrists labeling it as pseudoscience lacking empirical validation.[6] Experts, including those affiliated with Harvard Medical School and the American Psychiatric Association, have argued that Amen's interpretations of SPECT scans are subjective and not supported by rigorous clinical evidence, potentially leading to overdiagnosis of conditions through his proprietary "brain type" classifications.[1] In a 2010 letter published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, a group of psychiatrists highlighted the ethical concerns of exposing over 45,000 patients, including children, to radioactive isotopes for unproven diagnostic purposes, urging physicians to report such practices to state medical boards.[6] Specific controversies have intensified scrutiny, particularly around overdiagnosis and the influence of celebrity endorsements. Amen's clinics have been accused of promoting subjective scan readings that categorize patients into vague "brain types," which critics say encourages unnecessary treatments and supplements without standardized validation.[57] In 2022, model Bella Hadid publicly credited a SPECT scan from Amen's clinic for her decision to quit alcohol, citing revealed brain damage; however, this endorsement drew sharp rebukes from peers, with neurologist Robert Burton describing Amen's approach as "quackery" that exploits vulnerable individuals amid broader skepticism from the psychiatric community.[5] Amen has defended his methods by citing peer-reviewed studies, including his own publications demonstrating SPECT's potential utility in distinguishing conditions like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder from healthy controls.[58] He has also referenced clinic data showing improved patient outcomes, such as reduced symptoms in treated cases of traumatic brain injury, though these claims are often based on internal reviews rather than large-scale, independent trials.[59] Critics have questioned the scientific backing for BrainMD supplements marketed alongside SPECT results, arguing that claims of brain health benefits lack robust, independent efficacy trials and may mislead consumers.[1] Amen's heightened public cautions against cannabis—linking it to reduced cerebral blood flow and increased mental health risks based on his imaging studies—have sparked ongoing discussions, with some experts viewing them as alarmist while others call for more balanced research amid rising legalization.[49]Awards, memberships, and recognition
Daniel Amen is a Distinguished Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association, the highest honor bestowed upon its members for outstanding contributions to the field of psychiatry.[60] He holds double board certification from the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology in both general psychiatry and child psychiatry.[12] Amen has received several professional awards recognizing his work in brain health and leadership. In 2015, he was awarded the Lifetime Global Achievement Award by Oral Roberts University for his advancements in psychiatric care and brain imaging research.[61] That same year, his book The Daniel Plan earned the Christian Book of the Year Award from the Evangelical Christian Publishers Association.[62] In 2016, the Invisible Disabilities Association presented him with the Healthy Living Award for his advocacy in mental health and brain wellness.[63] The 2019 John C. Maxwell Transformational Leadership Award was given to Amen by the Equip Leadership organization for his innovative approaches to personal and professional development through brain health.[64] In 2023, Oral Roberts University honored him with the Distinguished Service to the Community Award as part of its alumni recognition program.[65] Amen's contributions have garnered public recognition, including repeated mentions as one of America's top psychiatrists by outlets such as Sharecare, which ranked him as the web's most influential expert in mental health.[63] His work has attracted high-profile clients, including celebrities like Justin Bieber and Bella Hadid, who have publicly credited his brain imaging techniques for personal health insights.[5] In 2025, he was featured in a Spectrum News profile on "LA Stories," highlighting his ongoing advocacy for brain health in addressing conditions like depression and PTSD.[66]Bibliography
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