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19°27′59.44″N 72°49′39.7″E / 19.4665111°N 72.827694°E / 19.4665111; 72.827694

Jivdani Mata
God of Wealth of Life
Jivadani Mata Mandir on the top of the hill at Virar Suburban town of the Mumbai Metropolitan city
Devanagariजिवदानी माता
AffiliationAvatara of Mahadevi, Devi
WeaponTrident and lotus
RegionVirar, Maharashtra, India

Jivdani Mata is a Hindu goddess whose main temple is atop a hill in Virar, Maharashtra, India.

Location

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View of the Jivadani Mata Mandir from the bottom of the Hill on which the temple is situated at Virar

The temple is on the hill, almost 1500(*) ft from the sea-level. (*More reliable sources cite 728 ft[1]) The Goddess rests in a temple situated about 1465 steps above the ground on a hill that forms a part of the Satpura Range in Virar, a northern Mumbai suburb, about 60 km away from Mumbai. The hill offers a very picturesque view of Virar and its vicinity. During the nine days of the Navratri festival many followers visit the shrine.

History

[edit]

The name Virar comes from Eka-viraa. Just as Tunga Parvat becomes "Tunga-ar", similarly "Vira" becomes "Vira-ar".There is a huge temple of Eka-vira Devi on the banks of Vaitarna River at the foot hills of Tunga Parvat where people used to conclude their "Shurpaaraka Yatra", as described in the Puranas and local legends. There is a huge tank here dedicated to Ekavira Devi called "Viraar Tirtha", i.e. "Eka-Viraa Tirtha". Even today, on the west banks of Viraar Tirtha, one finds a carved stone about three feet long and nine inches broad. Below that is a group of female figures of the Yoginis of Ekaveera Devi. Nearby one can find a stone with a roughly cut cow and calf (Savatsa Dhenu), a symbol of Govardhana Math which symbolizes eternity or Moksha.

Moving ahead near the foot of a knoll of rock are two cow’s feet (Go-Paad) roughly cut in rock. The legendary story of Jivdani Devi is as follows:

During their forest journey, Pandavas came to Shurparaka. They visited the holy temple of Vimaleshwar consecrated by Lord Parashuram and on their journey to Prabhas halted on the banks of Vaitarni river. There they worshipped the Bhagavati Ekaveera on the banks of Viraar Tirtha and seeing the serenity and lofty nature decided to carve caves in the nearby mountains. They did so on the hills nearby and installed and worshipped the Yoga Linga of Ekaveera devi in one of the caves. They called her 'Bhagavati Jeevadhani' (That is Goddess, who is the real wealth of life). While doing so, Pandavas also made a set of small caves now known as 'Pandav Dongri' about a mile from Shirgaon for the hermits. Many yogis used to stay in Pandav Dongri and have darshan of Jeevdhani Devi.

After the onset of Kali Yuga, and after the advent of the Buddhist faith, the number of Vaidik Yogis lessened and slowly people forgot the hillock and the devi. During times of Jagadguru Shankaracharya’s advent, a Mahar or Mirashi used to stay in Viraar who used to graze the village cattle. He came to Nirmal Mandir for the darshan of Jagadguru Shankaracharya Padmanabha Swami and requested that he bless him so that he could have darshan of his beloved Kuladevata. Jagadguru was pleased with the devotion of Mahar and advised him to serve Go-Mata on the foothills of Jivadhani, and at appropriate time he would have darshan of his Goddess and attain Go-Loka. He literally for the rest of life followed the advice of Jagadguru Shankaracharya and herded the village cattle. While grazing the village cattle, he used to see a cow grazing along with, whose owner never paid him for herding her. By his virtue, he determined to find the owner of the cow. He followed the cow on the top of Jeevdhan Hill. A beautiful woman with divine features appeared. The Mahar remembered the words of Jagadguru Shankaracharya and understood that she is none other than his Kuladevi Jeevdhani, he was overjoyed and asked "Oh Mother ! I have grazed your cow, will you not pay me for her herding ?". The Devi just smiled in delight and was on the point of putting some money in the Mahar’s hand, when he said "Do not touch me, I am Mahar. Give me something which cannot be spoilt by touch, words, smell, figure, and ether." Knowing this Devi asked "Lo my child, whence from you learned this unique knowledge of Varnashram Dharma and Moksha Dharma?". To this Mahar replied, "From none other than by the Grace of Jagadguru Shankaracharya". Bhagavati was pleased by this and said "By your virtue (Punya), see this cow which is none other than Kaamadhenu has taken your forefathers to higher abodes by her tail, crossing the Vaitarini". Thus saying the Mahar saw the cow leap from the hill top putting her two feet prints on hill floor and other two across Vaitarini River in heavens. Now Devi told, "I confer upon you the thing which you demanded that is Moksha."

Saying so the Mahar attained Moksha (The real Jeeva Dhana, the real wealth of Life) and the Devi was about to disappear in the cave, when a barren woman saw all this divine incident screamed "Devi Devi, Amba Amba, will you leave this barren daughter of yours without our jeevan dhan a child in my laps?". Devi was pleased by her prayers and said " Great indeed are you who saw all three of us. I henceforth bless you with a child." The lady was not satisfied by this, she said "Oh Mother of the three worlds, do not just bless me, but let all barren daughters of you who pray you be conferred with the child". Devi was pleased at this and said "See henceforth, due to the advent of Kali Yuga, in order to maintain purity of rituals, I will stay into a hole in the niche of the cave. The barren women who offer me the beetlenuts in this hole, as is offered in my original place in Mahurgad, will be rewarded with a progeny". Thus saying the Devi disappeared.

This lady spread out the incident and thus once again the Jeevdhan hill started to be visited by the pilgrims. The presently installed image is a very recent one, the original sanctum sanctorum is the hole in the niche of the cave, which is the central place of worship. A fair is held on the Dusherra day which is attended by thousands of people. The fort is visited by tourists frequently. The temple of the Devi is completely renovated and there is a beautiful idol of Devi in white marble. There is also a temple dedicated to Sri Krishna.

[edit]

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Jivdani Mata

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Jivdani Mata, also known as Jivdani Devi or Bhagavati Jeevadhani, is a revered Hindu goddess considered an incarnation of Adi Shakti Devi and a form of Goddess Durga. Her primary temple, the Jivdani Mata Mandir, is situated atop Jivdani Hill in , a suburb in the of , , accessible via approximately 1,375 steps or the ropeway (inaugurated in 2022). This 150-year-old shrine serves as a major pilgrimage site, drawing thousands of devotees particularly on Sundays and during festivals like Dussehra. The temple's legendary origins trace back to the Mahabharata era, when the Pandavas, during their forest exile, visited the ancient site of Shurparaka (modern-day Sopara) and worshipped the deity as Ekaveera Devi. They carved caves in the nearby hills, including what is now known as Pandav Dongri about a mile from Shirgaon, and installed a Yoga Linga dedicated to her, renaming her Bhagavati Jeevadhani, meaning "the goddess who is the real wealth of life." Over time, the site faded into obscurity during the Kali Yuga until its rediscovery in the 19th century, guided by a Jagadguru Shankaracharya, who directed a devotee from the Mahar community to follow a miraculous cow (Kamadhenu) to the hilltop where the goddess appeared. Jivdani Mata holds particular significance for devotees seeking blessings for and , with legends recounting how the granted children to barren women who offered beetlenuts in a sacred niche. The temple features a white marble idol of the , alongside ancient water cisterns and remnants of a 17th-century fort named on the hill. Daily aartis are performed at specified times—morning at 5:30 a.m., afternoon at 12:00 p.m., and evening at 7:30 p.m.—enhancing its role as a vibrant center of devotion. At the foothills lies the Papadkhandi Dam, a key water source that adds to the site's natural and practical appeal for pilgrims. The temple's location, roughly 77 km from and accessible by train to Virar station followed by a short auto ride, underscores its integration into the region's cultural landscape.

Deity and Iconography

Identity

Jivdani Mata is revered in Hinduism as an avatar of Adi Shakti Devi, the primordial energy embodying the life-giving and protective aspects of the divine feminine, often equated with Mahadevi or Durga. She is also associated with Ekaveera Devi in regional traditions. This manifestation highlights her role in sustaining vitality and safeguarding devotees from harm, positioning her within the expansive tradition of Shakti worship that celebrates the goddess as the source of cosmic power. The etymology of "Jivdani" derives from the term "Jeevadhani" or "Bhagavati Jeevadhani," where "jiva" signifies or the soul, and "dhani" denotes or possession, collectively meaning the " of " or the "Wealth of ." This nomenclature underscores her essence as the bestower of essential vitality and prosperity, reflecting core Hindu concepts of divine abundance. Theologically, Jivdani Mata functions as a compassionate , granting (spiritual liberation), to the barren, and against adversity. Devotees seek her blessings for progeny and relief from suffering, emphasizing her nurturing and redemptive qualities. In regional beliefs, particularly among the Koli community of , Jivdani Mata holds the status of kuldevi, a clan or family deity invoked for ancestral and communal well-being.

Symbols and Forms

Jivdani Mata is considered a form of in some traditions. In local iconography at the primary temple, she appears as a serene, maternal figure through a white marble idol, evoking and nurturing energy central to her worship.

Location

Geography

The Jivdani Mata Temple is situated on Jivdani Hill in , , , , approximately 77 km north of . This location places it in the eastern part of Virar city, blending proximity to urban development with the natural elevation of the hill, which maintains a semi-rural, hilly character. The hill rises to an elevation of around 728 feet (222 meters) above , with the temple accessible via approximately 1,375 steps from the base, spanning a vertical climb that highlights its commanding position. Jivdani Hill features rocky terrain typical of the region's undulating landscape, dotted with ancient caves believed to have been carved into the rock and dried water cisterns remnants from the 17th-century Fort that once occupied the site. The surrounding environment offers scenic reservoir views from the nearby Papadkhandi Dam at the foothills, which serves as a key water source for the area. From the hilltop, the site provides panoramic vistas of the local terrain, including distant glimpses of the and Creek, enhancing its appeal as a natural and spiritual landmark.

Accessibility

The primary means of accessing the Jivdani Mata Temple involves ascending 1,375 stone steps, locally known as the "devi darshan path," from the base in East, a climb that typically takes 30-45 minutes for physically fit pilgrims. For those seeking an easier option, particularly the elderly or disabled, a ropeway was installed in recent years, operational since 2021, spanning approximately 400 meters and completing the ascent in about 3 minutes, with a return ticket costing approximately ₹200-250 (as of 2025). There is also road access up to the base with parking available, supplemented by electric vehicles for portions of the journey to midway points. Visitors can reach station via the Western Railway line, approximately 1.5 hours from central by local train, followed by a 3-5 km auto-rickshaw or bus ride to the temple base costing around ₹20 per person (as of 2025). Alternatively, driving along the Mumbai-Ahmedabad highway provides direct access, with the temple about 77 km from , taking roughly 1.5 hours by car. At the base, parking facilities are provided for vehicles, while along the steps, hydration points and resting platforms support climbers; during peak seasons such as Navratri, early morning arrivals are advised to manage crowds effectively.

History

Legendary Foundations

The legendary foundations of Jivdani Mata trace back to the , where the , during their 12-year and forest journey (vanavas), arrived at the ancient port of Shurparaka (modern-day Sopara). There, they visited the holy temple of Vimaleshwar, consecrated by Lord , and proceeded to worship Ekaveera on the banks of Viraar Tirtha. Seeking a secluded site for devotion, the carved caves into the nearby hills and installed a Linga representing Ekaveera in one of these caves, naming her "Bhagavati Jeevadhani"—the who embodies the true wealth of life—for protection, prosperity, and spiritual sustenance during their . This installation marked Jivdani as a sacred locus within the broader Viraar Tirtha pilgrimage circuit, with the further excavating a series of small caves known as , located about a mile from Shirgaon, to serve as abodes for hermits and yogis engaged in . Local portrays the hill as a profound site of yogic , where these caves facilitated deep contemplative practices, drawing ascetics who sought divine communion amid the natural serenity. The association with Ekaveera positions Jivdani Mata as her sister shrine, intertwining their worship in ancient tirtha yatras (pilgrimages) that emphasized the ' devotion to feminine divine energies for safeguarding life and . In later local traditions set during the era of Jagadguru Shankaracharya in , the site's sanctity was revitalized through the tale of a childless (bard) devoted to serving cows at the hill's foothills, inspired by Shankaracharya's teachings on Varnashram . Guided by a miraculous cow—believed to be , the divine wish-fulfilling cow—he followed her to a where Jivdani Mata manifested, offering him worldly rewards that he declined in favor of (liberation), which she granted as a testament to his spiritual merit. Another intertwined legend highlights the goddess's benevolence toward fertility: a barren who fervently prayed at the received the blessing of a , prompting Jivdani Mata to progeny to all childless women who offer betel nuts in the niche, mirroring rituals at other sites like Mahurgad. Folklore further enriches the hill's aura with elements of divine intervention, such as two hoof prints—one on the hilltop and another across the Vaitarini River—attributed to the sacred cow's leaps between realms, symbolizing the goddess's transcendent presence. Ancient water cisterns dotting the landscape, remnants from 17th-century fortification efforts, are woven into these narratives as vessels of eternal sustenance provided by the divine for pilgrims and meditators.

Historical Construction

Prior to the establishment of the temple, the site on Jivdani Hill was occupied by the 17th-century Maratha fort known as Jivdhan, which featured defensive walls, ancient caves, and water cisterns, most of which have since dried up. The origins of the Jivdani Mata temple trace back to a natural cave niche serving as the initial sanctum sanctorum, with the current structure estimated to be around 150 years old, dating its formal beginnings to the mid-19th century. The cave site's transformation into a dedicated worship site is linked to 19th-century religious revivals, though the current white marble idol was installed more recently. Key developments include the construction of a more formal temple complex in the , which began attracting devotees during the British era, supported by patronage from local communities such as the Koli fisherfolk who regard the as a protective . In the late , renovations commenced in 1996 under Hariprasad H. Sompura, enhancing the site's and . In the , the Shree Jivdani Devi Mandir Trust oversaw expansions, including the completion of a funicular ropeway—which opened to the public in January 2021 with a capacity of 1,200 passengers per hour—and land acquisitions for improved pilgrim facilities, further solidifying the temple's role as a major devotional center. These efforts draw inspiration from ancient legends, such as those associating the site with the , but are grounded in documented historical patronage and infrastructural evolution.

Temple Description

Architecture

The Jivdani Mata temple complex occupies the summit of Jivdani hill in , , comprising a compact hilltop layout centered on the main cave temple within the remnants of a 17th-century Maratha fort. This design blends traditional fortification elements, such as integrated cave walls and defensive enclosures, with modern accessibility features like a ropeway spanning 400 meters, inaugurated in 2021, to ease the 1,375-step ascent. The overall structure emphasizes simplicity and functionality for mass pilgrimage, eschewing tall shikharas in favor of the natural cave formation as the focal point. Key structures include the primary cave sanctum hewn into the hillside, surrounded by pathways and a prakaram-like enclosure derived from the fort's original walls. Ancient stone cisterns embedded in the complex serve as an integrated system, capturing and storing precipitation from the hill's slopes for historical water management. Materials include contemporary and metal reinforcements in the ropeway station and peripheral walkways to withstand heavy usage. Unique features highlight the site's adaptation of natural and historical elements, including cave-integrated walls that echo the fort's defensive architecture and provide shaded resting areas along the climb. Panoramic viewing platforms at the hilltop extend the complex's utility, offering unobstructed sights of the River valley, town, and distant skyline, while maintaining the pilgrimage's contemplative essence.

Idols and Sanctum

The main idol of Jivdani Mata, crafted from white marble, is installed within the renovated temple and serves as the focal point of devotion, representing the goddess as the provider of life. This idol, a recent addition, honors the deity's legendary role in granting progeny to barren women who offer betel nuts in her sanctum, emphasizing her life-giving attributes through such rituals. The sanctum, or garbhagriha, originated as a natural hole in a cave niche, which remains the central and original place of worship despite the temple's renovations. Daily aarti ceremonies are conducted here at fixed times—5:30 AM in the morning, 12:00 PM in the afternoon, and 7:30 PM in the evening—to invoke the goddess's blessings. Associated with the main sanctum is a Yoga Linga of Ekaveera Devi, installed by the Pandavas in a nearby cave and revered as a symbol of the goddess's vital essence. The Shree Jivdani Devi Mandir Trust maintains these sacred elements, ensuring their preservation and facilitating devotional practices that highlight the deity's nurturing role.

Worship Practices

Rituals and Offerings

The daily rituals at the Jivdani Mata temple primarily revolve around the thrice-daily aarti ceremonies, which serve as the core of devotional . The morning aarti commences at 5:30 AM, the afternoon aarti at 12:00 PM, and the evening aarti at 7:30 PM, each accompanied by traditional chants of devotional hymns dedicated to the , the rhythmic ringing of bells to invoke , and the waving of illuminated lamps (aarti) before the idol to symbolize the dispelling of and . The temple remains open for darshan from 5:00 AM to 9:00 PM daily, allowing pilgrims ample opportunity to participate in these routines, though it closes briefly from 2:00 PM to 3:00 PM for maintenance. Common offerings presented by devotees during routine visits include the breaking of coconuts to signify the shattering of personal obstacles, application of () on the idol for marital harmony and protection, garlands of flowers alongside seasonal fruits as symbols of gratitude and abundance, and beetlenuts dropped into a sacred niche for blessings of and . Prasad distributed following the aartis typically consists of laddoos and coconuts, which devotees receive as blessed remnants of the offerings, embodying the goddess's grace for and . These practices align with broader Shakta traditions emphasizing the goddess's nurturing aspects. Pilgrims often engage in () around the as a mark of reverence and to complete their darshan, reinforcing a sense of cyclical devotion. Many make personal vows () seeking the goddess's intervention for , , or welfare, promising to return with additional offerings upon fulfillment. Tuesdays and Sundays are regarded as particularly auspicious for performing special pujas, drawing larger crowds for these enhanced routine rituals. The temple's worship is overseen by pujaris appointed by the Shree Jivdani Devi Mandir Trust, who adhere to Shaiva-Shakta liturgical traditions that integrate elements of Shiva's consort worship with Shakti's dynamic energy. Devotees are encouraged to maintain purity by avoiding non-vegetarian food during their visit, in line with the temple's emphasis on sattvic (pure) conduct to honor the goddess's sanctity. Since 2015, the trust has explicitly prohibited animal sacrifices, shifting focus entirely to vegetarian offerings and symbolic rituals.

Festivals

The Navratri festival, observed over nine days in or , is one of the principal annual events at the Jivdani Mata Temple, attracting thousands of devotees seeking the goddess's blessings. Dussehra, marking the culmination of Navratri on the tenth day, features a traditional fair that draws thousands more to the temple grounds for celebrations. Throughout the year, Tuesdays and Sundays see heightened attendance as special days for devotion, often resulting in smaller-scale gatherings and increased footfall compared to weekdays. To handle crowds during these peak times, the temple trust deploys enhanced security protocols, including , private guards, additional police personnel, and student volunteers to assist pilgrims; temporary stalls and infrastructure support the regional influx that has grown from local visits to broader participation over decades.

Significance and Impact

Religious Importance

Jivdani Mata is revered in as an incarnation of Adi Shakti Devi, embodying the divine feminine energy that sustains life and offers protection to devotees. According to local traditions, the temple site symbolizes a Peeth, representing the presence of the supreme , although it is not included in the canonical list of 51 Shakti Peethas. Devotees seek her blessings for vitality, health, and progeny, with legends recounting her granting fertility to barren women who offer nuts at the sanctum, as well as providing relief from suffering and new life to the dying—reflected in her name, Jivdani, meaning "giver of life." Theologically, Jivdani Mata forms an integral part of Maharashtra's worship circuit, closely associated with Ekaveera and the Vimaleshwar temple, where the are said to have installed her Yoga Linga during their exile. As a manifestation of Ekaveera, who is akin to in her role as protector of , she symbolizes the triumph of righteousness over adversity, guiding devotees toward spiritual liberation and . This connection underscores her doctrinal importance in , emphasizing the goddess's power to bestow the "real wealth of life" through devotion and ethical living. In communal aspects, Jivdani Mata serves as a for local communities, including fisherfolk, fostering vows and attributions of miracles for overcoming hardships such as illness and . Her worship promotes a sense of collective resilience, with annual gatherings reinforcing social bonds and spiritual harmony in the region. The sacred hill's preservation as a pilgrimage site further highlights an eco-spiritual ethos, where devotion intersects with to maintain the natural landscape.

Cultural and Tourism Role

Jivdani Mata holds a prominent place in the cultural fabric of Maharashtra's coastal regions, particularly among suburban communities in and , where devotion to the integrates with local traditions of feminine . The temple inspires devotional and bhajans in Marathi, reflecting themes of maternal protection and in everyday life. As a symbol of suburban spirituality, it fosters cultural expressions that blend indigenous beliefs with urban influences, contributing to the broader narrative of goddess worship in the state's folk heritage. The temple significantly drives tourism in , attracting thousands of visitors weekly, especially on Sundays and during festivals, which has spurred economic activity through local vendors, accommodations, and transport services. Positioned as an accessible spiritual retreat approximately 77 kilometers from , it has emerged as a popular weekend destination since the early , enhancing the regional economy by drawing day-trippers and overnight stays. The influx of pilgrims supports small-scale enterprises around the site, including food stalls and sales, thereby bolstering livelihoods in this semi-urban area. Modern infrastructure has amplified the site's appeal, with the inauguration of a ropeway system in January 2021 providing easier access to the hilltop temple and accommodating up to 1,200 passengers per hour. As of 2025, round-trip tickets are reported at ₹250 per person. This development, funded by the Shree Jivdani Devi Sansthan Trust, has reduced the physical challenge of climbing approximately 1,375 steps, making the site more inclusive for elderly and differently-abled visitors while promoting practices. The temple's growth intersects with Virar's rapid , where pilgrimage activities coexist with expanding residential and commercial developments, necessitating efforts to preserve the site's sanctity amid pressures. The Shree Jivdani Devi Sansthan Trust plays a key role in community welfare, implementing programs in , healthcare, and support to address local needs and promote .

References

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  2. https://palghar.gov.in/en/tourist-place/jivdani-temple/
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  7. https://dharmawiki.org/index.php/Jivdani_Mata_Mandir
  8. https://www.apnisanskriti.com/temple/jivdani-mata-virar-mumbai-maharashtra-4669
  9. https://www.pilgrimaide.com/blog/Jivdani-Mata-temple
  10. https://maharashtratourism.gov.in/districts/palghar/
  11. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbai-from-january-reach-virar-hill-temple-in-3-minutes-via-cable-drawn-rail/articleshow/79361112.cms
  12. https://environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Online/TOR/30_Sep_2019_145159650HX5IG7WOSUMM.pdf
  13. https://samayutravel.com/jivdani-temple-virar-mumbai/
  14. https://www.rome2rio.com/s/Mumbai/Virar-high-speed-Station
  15. https://www.distancesfrom.com/distance-from-VIRAR-STATION-to-jivdani-mata-temple/DistanceHistory/10242734.aspx
  16. https://merobrajdham.com/jivdani-mata-temple/
  17. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/maharashtra-devotee-dies-while-climbing-jivdani-temple-in-virar/articleshow/104474450.cms
  18. https://jivdanimaa.blogspot.com/2012/07/
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  20. https://www.scribd.com/document/552105089/Brief-Summary-of-Project
  21. https://www.deccanherald.com/india/maharashtra-s-second-cable-car-in-jivdani-temple-918596.html
  22. https://www.mpcb.gov.in/sites/default/files/public_hearing/exe_summary/2020-03/Jivdani-Executive-Summary_050320.pdf
  23. http://jivdanidevi.com/about-jivdani-temple.php
  24. http://jivdanidevi.com/
  25. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/virar-temple-says-no-to-animal-sacrifice-this-year/articleshow/49363953.cms
  26. https://www.mpcb.gov.in/sites/default/files/public_hearing/mom/2021-01/MinutesofJivdaniRopeWayEnglish22012021.pdf
  27. https://dubaiuae.in/jivdani-temple-virar-ropeway-tickets/
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