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Laguindingan, officially the Municipality of Laguindingan (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Laguindingan; Tagalog: Bayan ng Laguindingan), is a municipality in the province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 26,363 people.[5]

Key Information

Its most notable landmark is the Laguindingan Airport, located between Cagayan de Oro and Iligan.

History

[edit]

Laguindingan used to be called "Daligdigan" coined from the words "daligdig", meaning trickling water from Soloan Creek, and "digan", a buri plant, which was used by the early settlers as roofing and walling materials. The name later evolved into "Laguindingan" because it is easier to pronounce and has a melodious sound.

The presence of an old Spanish port "Moog" at Punta Sulawan manifest the claim that before the settlers came to Laguindingan, the place was the hideout of robbers, pirates and bandoleros because of the once thick forest cover of the municipality. A brave man named Calixto Caseres together with his family moved in from Alubijid and settled for good. Other settlers (including migrants from Luzon and Visayas) followed and soon the place became a thriving community. A number of Cagayan de Oro civilians and government officials hide in Laguindingan during the second world war. Blocking force was established in Laguindingan that let Japanese soldiers to use boat instead going to Iligan. The Philippine Independent Church was the first religious order established in the early community. The religious presence was evidenced by the Chapel erected on the highest promontory now known as Salcedo's Hill. The cross still stand today. The silent witness of the establishment of the now growing town.

Laguindingan, was a sitio of Alubijid under the municipality of Cagayan de Oro. The first Barrio Teniente was Mariano Salcedo (from Kauswagan, Cagayan de Oro) which was appointed by the Alcalde de Cagayan. When Alubijid became a municipality, Proceso Pacana became the first Barrio Lieutenant until the end of World War II. Later a move to make Laguindingan a municipality was spearheaded by Glicerio Salcedo (Teniente del Barrio) who became the first Municipal Mayor of the town. The barangays that joined the move for township was known as the Sulawan Block namely: Kibaghot, Sinai, Mauswagon, Moog, Gasi, Aromahon, Tubajon, Sambulawan, Lapad and Liberty. On June 23, 1963, through House Bill No. 5612, President Diosdado Macapagal signed RA 3824, creating the municipality of Laguindingan.

Sambulawan derived from the word "Sulawan" because the place is situated on a hill or in Bisaya "ilaya" going up where the sun rises its bright lights is glaring to the eye, thus "Sulaw" in bisaya. The place is also known as a place of "sabungan" or where cock fights are held.

Geography

[edit]

Barangays

[edit]

Laguindingan is politically subdivided into 11 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios.

  • Aromahon
  • Gasi
  • Kibaghot (San Isidro)
  • Lapad
  • Liberty
  • Mauswagon
  • Moog
  • Poblacion
  • Sambulawan
  • Sinai
  • Tubajon

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Lagindingan, Misamis Oriental
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 28
(82) 		28
(82) 		29
(84) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		29
(84) 		29
(84) 		29
(84) 		29
(84) 		29
(84) 		28
(82) 		28
(82) 		29
(84)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 24
(75) 		23
(73) 		23
(73) 		24
(75) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(76)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 271
(10.7) 		217
(8.5) 		193
(7.6) 		178
(7.0) 		344
(13.5) 		423
(16.7) 		362
(14.3) 		358
(14.1) 		329
(13.0) 		320
(12.6) 		322
(12.7) 		260
(10.2) 		3,577
(140.9)
Average rainy days 23.2 19.5 22.0 22.8 29.6 28.9 30.3 29.8 28.1 28.8 26.1 24.1 313.2
Source: Meteoblue[6]

Demographics

[edit]

In the 2020 census, the population of Laguindingan was 26,363 people,[12] with a density of 600 inhabitants per square kilometre or 1,600 inhabitants per square mile.

Visayans form a majority in Laguindingan, whose ancestors came from Cebu, Bohol, Siquijor as well as Negros, Panay and Leyte who migrated to the area long before the Spaniards arrived, while the indigenous Higaonons and Binukid dwell in the municipality's remote interior. Bicolanos, Ilocanos, Kapampangans and Tagalogs from Luzon form another significant minority in Laguindingan, though in recent years after the airport was completed, many people from Luzon, Visayas and other parts of Mindanao as well as foreigners settle in the municipality in various numbers, doubling its local population. This waves of migrations have turned Laguindingan into a melting pot of cultures due to its nickname "the Gateway to Northern Mindanao".

The main language spoken in Laguindingan is Cebuano while Higaonons have their own eponymous language and it is still spoken among them, with Cebuano being their second language. Tagalog/Filipino and English are also spoken and utilized in media, business and government affairs. Other languages spoken varyingly include Bicolano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon, Kapampangan as well as Maranao, Maguindanaon and Tausug.

Economy

[edit]

Poverty incidence of Laguindingan

10
20
30
40
50
60
2000
44.59
2003
41.23
2006
32.60
2009
52.22
2012
35.41
2015
36.44
2018
15.16
2021
23.61

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]

Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental is now the new gateway to Northern Mindanao, where the new Laguindingan Airport is located replacing the old Lumbia Airport of Cagayan de Oro. The Cooperative that has a mission or Rural Electrification sits here which is MORESCO-1 Head Office. It has a power distribution franchise for the west part of Misamis Oriental from the towns of Opol to Lugait . It operates in 15 barrios of Cagayan de Oro and the whole town and barangays of Talakag, Bukidnon and portions of barangays in Iligan City. Another growing industry is the hand crafted silk. The Mindanao silk which is woven by members of Ayala Beneficiaries Association Inc., based in Laguindingan affected by the construction of the airport. Today commercial enterprises is a thriving industry for heavy equipment, machinery and transport vehicles merchandise. Lohas Hotel and Moresco lodge are the new tourist inns available. Also beach and swimming pool is another attraction for the local which are located on Mauswagon to Tubajon road side resorts. Another tourist attraction is the Balsa of Laguindingan, the floating cottages that fuel the local economy. It had made the Town the Balsa Capital of Mindanao.

Laguindingan is also well known for its famous sea food every Saturday Market also known as "tabu" in Cebuano. Here visitors and locals can buy and eat sea urchins in bottles, sea weeds, sea clams and snails, and the famous cure for arthritis the sea cucumber with the barbecue fish on sticks also known in Visayan as "tinap-an" and the delicious fish rich in Omega 3 oil also known as "pinyahin". Fishes from neighboring towns are also brought here for trading.

The common agricultural produce aside from corn, cassava and copra is the "finest tobacco". This has driven the town to progress and its neighboring towns for decades. The tobacco industry prior to the advent of Laguindingan Airport is also an attraction for entrepreneurs.

The Saturday market had also made the town famous for the lives stock industry were poultry and livestock were traded. Neighboring towns Alubijid and Libertad had benefited from this trading as well as Cagayan de Oro, where here the lechon entrepreneurs get those young pork here.

Today another flourishing industry for beach tourism being developed is also the scuba diving where the rich exotic sea creatures are found in the coastal barangay Tubajon.

Tourism

[edit]
  • Balsa sa Laguindingan

Located at Birhen sa Moog Bay near the punta sulawan point. It is floating cottages where groups or families can enjoy swimming and take shelter in these floating huts which can accommodate up to 30 persons. You have to ride a bangca to get there. Its docking point is now located at Moog Bay where an environment fee is collected for the municipality to sustain environment clean up.

  • Binitinan Islet located at Mauswagon it is a rock formation which form like the head of a snake(bitin) with soil and trees where it is surrounded by sea.
  • Tagbabanga Spring a place in Sinai where you walk distance from the National Highway. This spring is the source of potable water that is the source of drinking water not only in Barangay Sinai but to some neighboring barangays as well.
  • Balete Hill also known as'Hill Top' (Buntod) a place where the old Iglesia Pilipina Independente Church site before it transferred. It is visible to everybody during Holy Week season where the people will walk towards the Holy Cruz.
  • My Relaxing Terrace site in Tubajon a beach where many mangrove trees cited, the sand like Boracay sand.
  • Berhen Milagrosa a place in Moog where it miracles it is site beside the sea, many people will Church there during Sunday it also become a tourist spot.
  • La Cueva Con Agua Locally known as "Liyang", site in Mauswagon nearby the Barangay Hall, it is known as a place of enchanto, a cave that has water and being protected by Municipality of Laguindingan due to some superstitious belief.
  • Tubajon Mang Groves
  • Laguindingan Watchtower, an 18th-century watchtower built by the Spanish during the colonial era.
  • Sambulawan Sinai Tagbabanga Spring and Water fall located in a river from Gitagum Misamis Oriental towards Aromahon Laguindingan Misamis Oriental.
  • Our Lady of Fatima- Located in baranggay Sambulawan Laguindingan Misamis Oriental a 50 foot tall statue facing the east side to the Divine Mercy in El Salvador.

Town events

[edit]

There are several notable events in the town. Each barangays or barrios has its own feast locally known as Fiesta literally as festivals honoring their patron saints after achieving recognition in their own rights.

  • Tobacco Festival is a one-day festival celebration of Laguindinagan, held every month of July 12. Tobacco is Laguindinganon's center of commodity where immigrant from other province's and cities made their purchased of Tobacco every Sunday.
  • Charter Day is the town's celebration of its townhood established on July 12, 1963. It is a non-working holiday and a roster of special activities is lined up annually to mark this special occasion.
  • A Holy-Week Trek March or April (Movable) on the eve of Good Friday (Thursday evening), where hundreds of Laguindinganon trek towards the old Municipal Hall in "Balete Hill" for the annual Via crucis or way of the cross. This event is the town's catholic devotees in observation of the holy week.
  • Miss Laguindingan (July 8) is a beauty pageant presenting the native beauty of Laguindingan ladies. It is one of the most prestigious beauty pageants in the Town.
  • Town Fiesta April 20 the original town fiesta of Laguindingan. Majority of the people of Poblacion celebrating the fiesta.

Transportation

[edit]

Laguindingan does not have sea transportation facilities. Nearby Cagayan de Oro is the main entry point to Misamis Oriental. From there, one would then take a bus or jeepneys from the Westbound-Bulua Integrated Bus and Jeepney Terminal.

By land
  • Habal-habal is the transportation in town for inner most barangays when you are in a hurry.
  • Tricab is now the king of the urban road where the neighboring towns benefitted from it. It has become a local transport industry and increase commerce and had contributed to cheaper cost of transport for both neighboring and hinterland barangays.
  • Laguindingan Integrated Bus Terminal is now operational since June 15, 2016, known as Laguindingan Transport Terminal since it was recently inaugurated. It caters buses to and from Iligan/Cagayan de Oro as well as the new route Balingasag town to Laguindigan direct.
By air
  • Laguindingan Airport is the air transportation in town.[21] The new airport is in barangay Moog, Laguindingan, and is expected to become a major hub for export of agricultural and trade products, and for the import of tourists to the areas around Cagayan de Oro and Iligan City. There are plans by the Philippine National Railways to connect Laguindingan to Cagayan de Oro city.

Education

[edit]

Public schools:

Elementary

  • Laguindingan Central School
  • Aromahon Elementary School
  • Gasi Elementary School
  • Kibaghot Elementary School
  • Lapad Elementary School
  • Liberty Elementary School
  • Mauswagon Integrated School
  • Moog Elementary School
  • Sambulawan Elementary School
  • Sinai Elementary School
  • Tubajon Integrated School

Secondary

  • Laguindingan National High School
  • Kibaghot National High School
  • Mauswagon Integrated School
  • Tubajon Integrated School

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Laguindingan

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Laguindingan, officially the Municipality of Laguindingan, is a 4th class coastal municipality in the province of , region, . It encompasses a land area of 44.23 square kilometers and recorded a of 26,363 in the 2020 , reflecting steady growth from 10,292 in 1970. Laguindingan is prominently defined by its role as the site of Laguindingan , the principal hub for , facilitating access to major cities such as , , and . In October 2024, the airport's operations were concessioned to Aboitiz InfraCapital through , aiming to expand annual passenger capacity from 1.6 million to 6.3 million and position it as an international center. The municipality has also earned national recognition for , being adjudged the cleanest coastline among nearly a thousand Philippine cities and towns.

History

Founding and colonial era

The coastal area of present-day Laguindingan fell under Spanish colonial administration as part of the broader Misamis territory, which was initially a subprovince of before being organized as a corregimiento in , divided into four partidos including that of Misamis. In the , Spanish authorities erected a near Punta Sulawan to monitor and alert against Moro pirate raids, a common defensive measure in Mindanao's frontier regions; the structure's ruins, identified through archaeological assessment as a modest fortification likely no larger than 3 meters in diameter, persist as the primary relic of this era. The site's prior use as a vantage point aligns with Spanish strategies to secure coastal trade routes amid intermittent raids, though the surrounding interior remained largely indigenous and undeveloped under direct colonial control. Under American colonial rule following the 1898 conquest, Laguindingan emerged as a affiliated with municipality (then under ), marking the onset of organized Christian settler communities drawn from nearby Visayan populations. Mariano Salcedo, originating from in Lanao, served as the inaugural barrio teniente, overseeing local affairs amid gradual and agricultural expansion. By the , Proceso Pacana had assumed the role, sustaining community leadership through the Japanese occupation and , during which the area functioned intermittently as a refuge for evacuees fleeing urban combat in .

Post-independence development

Following Philippine independence in 1946, the territories that later formed Laguindingan operated as rural barrios under the Municipality of , sustaining an agriculture-based economy centered on rice, corn, and subsistence farming amid national postwar reconstruction. A major administrative milestone occurred on June 22, 1963, when Republic Act No. 3824 created the independent Municipality of Laguindingan, carving out the barrios of Liboron (as the ), Candiis, Tuburan, Balacanas, Sinkanan, Gumaod, and Lapad from . The act appointed interim officials, including Pedro B. Roa as mayor, to administer the new entity with a land area of approximately 44.23 square kilometers, fostering localized for and services previously managed at the municipal level. This separation spurred modest socioeconomic progress, evidenced by population expansion from 10,292 residents in the 1970 census to 16,085 by 1990, driven primarily by natural growth and internal migration within . Agricultural output, including cultivation by immigrant farmers, became a cornerstone, with the crop's economic viability supporting household incomes in line with regional patterns where contributed significantly to rural earnings. Basic infrastructure, such as roads and barangay health stations, developed incrementally under local governance, though constrained by the ' broader agrarian challenges and limited central funding until later decades.

Airport establishment and expansion

The development of originated from studies conducted by the Philippine government in the late 1980s and early 1990s to establish a new regional aviation hub for . In 1993, President approved its inclusion as a major infrastructure project, aiming to replace the aging Lumbia Airport in and accommodate growing air traffic demands. Groundbreaking ceremonies occurred on January 10, 2006, under President , marking the formal start of construction despite prior conceptualization. The project faced significant delays, extending over two decades from initial planning, due to funding issues and bureaucratic hurdles, positioning it as one of the Philippine government's most protracted infrastructure initiatives. Construction progressed under the and Communications, with the airport designed to serve as the primary gateway for , , and surrounding areas. President inaugurated the facility on June 13, 2013, and it officially opened for commercial operations on June 15, 2013, immediately succeeding Lumbia Airport, which ceased passenger services that day. Initially equipped with a single and terminal capable of handling domestic flights, the airport boosted regional connectivity but soon encountered capacity constraints from rising passenger volumes. Post-opening expansions addressed operational bottlenecks. In February 2024, the of the Philippines initiated a 720-square-meter modular terminal expansion to alleviate congestion, completed and operational by September 2024, increasing pre-departure capacity from 500 to 860 passengers. A landmark public-private partnership agreement worth P12.75 billion was signed in October 2024 with Aboitiz InfraCapital, facilitating handover by April 2025 and initiating Phase One upgrades to double capacity to 3.9 million passengers annually, including enhanced terminal facilities and runway extensions. This deal, endorsed by President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr., underscores commitments to Northern Mindanao's infrastructure growth. Further developments include plans for international status, with conversion efforts targeting operations by mid-2025 to accommodate global routes, aligning with the airport's evolution into a premier regional hub. These enhancements, driven by sustained traffic growth since 2013, have positioned as the sixth-busiest in the , supporting economic expansion in and adjacent provinces.

Geography

Location and terrain

Laguindingan is a coastal in the of , region (Region X), . It is positioned at approximately 8°34′ North and 124°26′ East , bordering the Sea to the north. The total land area spans 44.23 square kilometers (17.08 square miles). The terrain of Laguindingan is characterized by gentle to undulating and rolling , featuring ridges as topographic highs and valleys with plains as lows. This landscape is drained by several rivers, contributing to its hydrological features. Elevations vary, with an average of about 71 meters above across the , though specific points like the reach around 138 meters. The underlying geology includes ultramafic rocks, the Opol Formation, and Indahag formations.

Barangays

Laguindingan is politically subdivided into 11 s, the smallest administrative divisions in the . These barangays collectively house the municipality's population of 26,363 as recorded in the 2020 Census conducted by the . The barangays vary in population size, with Kibaghot having the highest at 4,016 residents and Moog the lowest at 1,176. serves as the central barangay, encompassing the municipal hall, commercial areas, and key administrative functions.
BarangayPopulation (2020)
Aromahon1,502
Gasi1,944
Kibaghot4,016
Lapad1,387
Liberty1,841
Mauswagon3,519
Moog1,176
Poblacion3,744
Sambulawan1,741
Sinai2,427
Tubajon3,066
Data sourced from the 2020 Census via PhilAtlas compilation. Rural barangays like Moog and Lapad are primarily agricultural, supporting rice and corn cultivation, while coastal ones such as Gasi border the Bohol Sea and engage in fishing activities.

Climate and environment

Laguindingan exhibits a (Köppen Af), characterized by high temperatures, abundant rainfall, and minimal seasonal temperature variation due to its low elevation of approximately 6 meters above . Annual average temperatures range from 26°C to 27°C, with daily highs typically between 29°C and 31°C and lows around 24°C to 25°C throughout the year. The hottest months occur from to May, with peaks near 31°C, while humidity remains consistently high, often exceeding 80%, contributing to an oppressive feel. Rainfall averages over 2,000 mm annually, distributed relatively evenly but with peaks during the wetter months of to , influenced by the southwest and occasional tropical cyclones affecting . Dry periods are shorter and less pronounced compared to northern Philippine regions, with to seeing the lowest , around 90-100 mm per month. Sunshine hours vary from 128 in to over 200 in , though cloud cover predominates year-round. The local environment encompasses coastal and inland features, including gentle to undulating terrain drained by multiple rivers that feed into Macajalar Bay. Extensive forests and 165 hectares of beds support , particularly avifauna, with planted mangroves hosting at least eight species and correlating positively with overall bird diversity. These ecosystems face threats from sea-level rise and altered rainfall patterns due to , exacerbating vulnerability in low-lying coastal areas. Geological substrates include ultramafic rocks and formations, which influence stability and contribute to risks of landslides and flooding during heavy rains.

Demographics

Population statistics

As of the 2020 of Population and Housing conducted by the , Laguindingan had a total population of 26,363 persons. This figure represented an increase from 24,405 in the 2015 . The annual population growth rate between 2015 and 2020 was 1.6%. Earlier data show steady growth: the 2010 recorded 21,822 residents, yielding an approximate annual growth rate of 2.3% from 2010 to 2015.
Census YearPopulation
201021,822
201524,405
202026,363
With a land area of 44.23 square kilometers, the 2020 was approximately 596 persons per square kilometer. Of the 2020 total, about 14.2% resided in urban areas, primarily the with 3,744 inhabitants.

Ethnic and linguistic composition

The population of Laguindingan is predominantly composed of ethnic Cebuanos, who constitute the primary ethnic group in province and speak Cebuano as their mother tongue and . Cebuano speakers form the vast majority in the municipality, consistent with regional patterns in where this Visayan language dominates daily communication, education, and local governance. A notable minority consists of the indigenous Higaonon people, an ethnic group native to interior areas of , who maintain their distinct Higaonon language alongside Cebuano for intergroup interactions. The Higaonon, known for their traditional practices tied to mountainous terrains, represent a smaller but culturally significant segment, though exact proportions at the municipal level remain undocumented in breakdowns; provincial estimates suggest indigenous groups like the Higaonon comprise under 5% of the broader . Other linguistic influences, such as Tagalog and English due to national media and migration, are secondary and not native.

Government and Administration

Local government structure

The local government of Laguindingan operates under the framework established by the Local Government Code of 1991 (Republic Act No. 7160), which decentralizes authority to municipalities as the primary units for local administration in the . Executive authority resides with the municipal , elected to a three-year term, who holds responsibility for enforcing municipal ordinances, managing administrative operations, preparing the annual budget, and overseeing public services including health, education, and infrastructure maintenance. The appoints key administrative officials, such as the municipal treasurer, budget officer, accountant, assessor, engineer, and health officer, with appointments requiring confirmation by the legislative body. Legislative functions are performed by the , comprising the vice mayor as presiding officer and eight regular members (councilors) elected for three-year terms, reflecting the municipality's of 26,363, which falls below the threshold for additional seats under the . The council enacts ordinances on local taxation, revenue generation, , and public welfare, while approving the 's appointments and proposals; it also includes sectoral representatives from women, , and, if applicable, indigenous communities. Laguindingan is subdivided into 11 s, the smallest administrative units, each governed by an elected punong barangay (village chief) and a seven-member , which handles grassroots services like peacekeeping, basic health, and under municipal oversight. Barangay officials, including a chairperson for youth affairs, coordinate with the municipal government on resource allocation and policy implementation, ensuring localized responsiveness within the hierarchical structure.

Recent elections and leadership

In the 2022 Philippine local elections, Diosdado T. Obsioma was elected of Laguindingan, succeeding in the municipal race alongside mayor Roy I. Macua, with both officials assuming office for the term 2022–2025. The 2025 local elections, held on May 12, saw a shift in as former mayor Roy I. Macua, running under the Nacionalista-United People's banner (NUP), defeated incumbent Diosdado T. Obsioma's endorsed candidate Donsals Ellarina of Lakas-CMD. Macua secured 11,030 votes, representing 52.21% of the counted precincts, while Ellarina received 7,371 votes or 34.89%. For mayor, Cherwin B. Gabutin (NUP) won with 10,863 votes (51.42%), edging out Baneng San Jose of the (NP) who garnered 7,042 votes (33.33%). These results, based on 100% of precincts reporting, were proclaimed by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC), with Macua and Gabutin officially sworn in during August 2025.
PositionCandidatePartyVotesPercentage
MayorRoy I. MacuaNUP11,03052.21%
Donsals EllarinaLakas-CMD7,37134.89%
Vice MayorCherwin B. GabutinNUP10,86351.42%
Baneng San JoseNP7,04233.33%
As of October 2025, Attorney serves as , focusing on local governance priorities including tied to the nearby , while Cherwin B. Gabutin acts as vice mayor; the municipal council comprises eight elected members supporting executive functions under the Local Government Code. No major disputes or recounts were reported in these elections, reflecting standard COMELEC processes in a fourth-class with approximately 21,128 registered voters.

Economy

Agricultural and primary sectors

The primary economic activities in Laguindingan revolve around agriculture and fisheries, reflecting its coastal location and rural character within Misamis Oriental province. Crop production emphasizes corn, with the Department of Agriculture Regional Field Office 10 distributing PhP4.9 million in farm inputs to corn farmers in Barangay Laguindangan to boost yields and resilience. Regional agricultural patterns in the province include cultivation of corn, coconut, and root crops on undulating terrains, though municipal-level output data remains sparse. Fisheries and constitute a vital component, leveraging the municipality's access to Macajalar Bay and ecosystems. Small-scale fisheries contribute to local livelihoods through and capture of species like sea cucumbers, with net incomes from fresh catches ranging from PHP70 to PHP950 per fisher in documented surveys. Commercial operations, including bivalve and gastropod farming in intertidal areas, yield economic returns that often surpass those of adjacent forests, though challenges persist due to pressures. Laguindingan earned recognition as Northern Mindanao's top coastal community in 2017 under the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources' Malinis at Masaganang Karagatan program, underscoring efforts to enhance . Ongoing Bureau initiatives in 2025 target sustainable expansion in , including Laguindingan, to improve production volumes. Extractive primary sectors are limited, with small-scale sand and gravel operating under existing tenements administered by Mining & Development Corp. Incidents of intercepted trucks carrying suspected minerals in 2025 suggest sporadic unregulated extraction, potentially from nearby sites, though no large-scale metallic occurs. Forestry activities center on rehabilitation, including trials yielding growth rates of 1-2 meters in height over five years in replanted sites, alongside programs to integrate conservation with coastal economies.

Industrial and service growth

The Laguindingan Technopark, developed by AyalaLand Logistics Holdings Corp., represents a key driver of industrial expansion, spanning 105 hectares and designed for light and medium non-polluting industries such as and . Located in Barangays Moog and Tubajon, the park integrates with broader master-planned communities and benefits from its proximity to , positioning it as a regional hub. Land development for the initial phase concluded in November 2023, enabling occupancy and operations for incoming locators. In February 2024, Asiaphil Inc. inaugurated its inaugural facility in at the technopark, focusing on production activities and signaling broader industrial inflows to the area. The ongoing development of the Laguindingan Economic Zone further supports this trajectory by targeting investments in , warehousing, and related light industries, with incentives registered under the Board of Investments for domestic industrial zones. Service sector growth in Laguindingan aligns with regional trends in , where wholesale and retail trade constitutes one of the dominant industries, contributing to a 7.2% in 2022. Local commercial projects, including modern mixed-use buildings for and residential purposes in areas like Kibaghot, have emerged to cater to increasing demand from industrial locators and transit-related activities. Initiatives by entities like Aboitiz InfraCapital emphasize collaborative ecosystems for services, support, and , leveraging the municipality's strategic location.

Aviation-driven economic impact

The establishment of in 2013 has positioned the municipality as a key aviation hub for , facilitating improved connectivity to major Philippine cities and thereby supporting regional economic activities through enhanced passenger and cargo movement. As of May 2025, the airport handles 337 domestic flights weekly, primarily to destinations like , , and , underscoring its role in sustaining and inflows that benefit local commerce in Laguindingan and surrounding areas. This operational scale has contributed to ancillary economic effects, including employment in airport-related services such as ground handling, maintenance, and logistics, though precise historical job figures remain limited in public data. In October 2024, Aboitiz InfraCapital secured a 30-year public-private partnership concession valued at P12.75 billion (approximately $225 million) to operate, maintain, and expand the facility, with works commencing in 2025. The aims to increase annual passenger capacity from 1.6 million to 3.9 million in the initial phase by , eventually reaching 6.3 million, enabling greater international connectivity and positioning the airport as a force multiplier for socio-economic development. Philippine President Jr. highlighted that these upgrades are projected to generate jobs, expand business presence, and stimulate , directly aiding poverty reduction efforts in by attracting investments and fostering growth in , retail, and sectors proximate to the municipality. Local economic multipliers from are evident in the anticipated influx of visitors and , which could amplify demand for Laguindingan's agricultural exports and service industries, though realization depends on achieving key performance indicators during phased expansions. Aboitiz executives have emphasized that enhanced will drive regional progress by improving efficiency and attractiveness for airlines, potentially leading to route expansions that sustain long-term employment and revenue streams for the host municipality. While pre-expansion data indicate the airport's foundational role in economic stabilization post-2013, post-upgrade outcomes will provide verifiable metrics on GDP contributions and job creation, currently projected but not yet quantified in official reports.

Infrastructure and Transportation

Road networks and public transport

Laguindingan municipality is primarily accessed via the Butuan-Cagayan de Oro-Iligan City Road (BCIR), a key national highway linking regions. The Opol to Laguindingan section of this highway underwent widening in 2015, completed by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) at a cost of P176 million to improve connectivity and accommodate increasing traffic volumes. The access road, a 3.907-kilometer stretch, branches directly from the BCIR, facilitating efficient ground transport to terminal. This supports regional mobility as part of broader east-west road networks that extend to adjacent provinces like and Misamis Oriental's eastern areas. Public transportation in Laguindingan relies on buses, jeepneys, and local vehicles operating from the municipal bus and jeepney terminal. Super Five Bus provides regular service from Laguindingan to Bulua in City every 30 minutes, with journeys averaging 42 minutes. In October 2025, the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) awarded the local government unit a Special Notice of Compliance for its Local Public Transport Route Plan, advancing modernization efforts for safer and more efficient operations.

Laguindingan Airport operations and upgrades

, operational since June 15, 2013, features a single runway measuring 2,100 meters in length and 45 meters in width, supporting domestic flights primarily to , , and other Philippine destinations. The facility includes a terminal building of approximately 7,200 square meters and is classified as a principal Class 1 airport, serving as the primary gateway for regions including , , and . As of May 2025, the airport handles over 337 domestic flights per week, positioning it as the sixth-busiest airport in the and the second-busiest in after Davao. Current operations are managed by Aboitiz InfraCapital Corporation following a concession handover in April 2025, which has coincided with a surge in flight activity from previous levels. The airport's design annual passenger capacity stands at 1.6 million, with domestic carriers dominating traffic amid ongoing demand growth in the region. Infrastructure supports standard requirements, including , though limitations in night landing capabilities persist from earlier phases. Upgrades commenced in April 2025 under a public-private partnership (PPP) concession valued at approximately PHP 75 billion, aimed at addressing capacity constraints through phased expansions. Phase 1 targets an increase to 3.9 million passengers annually via terminal rehabilitation, infrastructure enhancements, and operational improvements, with construction underway to alleviate bottlenecks. Phase 2 will further elevate capacity to 6.3 million passengers, incorporating additional facilities to support projected regional growth. Aboitiz has outlined PHP 12.7 billion in specific expansion investments, including and terminal modernizations, to enhance efficiency and accommodate rising traffic.

Utilities and utilities development

Electricity supply in Laguindingan is managed by the I Electric (MORESCO-1), a consumer-owned established in 1968 and headquartered in the municipal . MORESCO-1 serves the municipality and surrounding areas, distributing power primarily from the grid, with ongoing enhancements to address growing demand from residential, commercial, and industrial users, including the and Economic Zone. To support this expansion, the National Grid Corporation of the (NGCP) is constructing the Laguindingan 230-kilovolt substation, a P2.34 billion project approved by the Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) in November 2024, aimed at improving transmission reliability and accommodating loads from the economic zone and MORESCO-1. The substation, applied for in January 2021, is mandated for completion by January 31, 2025, to prevent supply shortages in . Additionally, the Laguindingan Project, a 20-megawatt ground-mounted facility spanning 26.87 hectares, is in development to diversify local energy sources and contribute to the national grid. Water services are provided by the BAUER Laguindingan Water Corporation, which operates a treatment plant with a capacity of 3,000 cubic meters per day to meet municipal needs. Demand is projected to rise, particularly with airport expansions requiring up to 570 cubic meters daily once fully operational. Sanitation infrastructure remains basic, relying on individual septic systems and limited municipal collection, with no large-scale sewerage network reported as of 2025. Telecommunications coverage includes mobile networks from major providers like and Smart, supported by proximity to urban centers, though rural barangays experience intermittent service; broadband development lags behind power and water upgrades. These utilities developments align with regional plans to bolster for , prioritizing reliable power and to attract investment amid Mindanao's expanding and industrial sectors.

Tourism and Culture

Natural and cultural attractions

Tubajon Aquamarine Park, located in Tubajon, serves as a primary natural attraction, featuring an eco-tourism setup with cottages, bridges over water features, and opportunities for relaxation amid aquatic environments. The site emphasizes low-impact nature immersion, drawing visitors for its serene setting and proximity to the municipality's coastal areas. Birhen sa Moog Beach, also known as Birhen Milagrosa Beach in Barangay Moog, combines natural coastal beauty with religious significance, offering sandy shores and clear waters suitable for leisure activities. The beach attracts both pilgrims and tourists seeking a blend of and in a relatively undeveloped setting. Culturally, the Archdiocesan of the stands as a key religious site, dedicated to devotion and within the local Catholic community. Additionally, the of a Spanish-era in Punta Sulawan represent historical remnants from colonial fortifications, providing insight into early defensive architecture along the coast. These sites highlight Laguindingan's modest heritage of faith and historical preservation amid its primarily rural landscape.

Local festivals and events

The primary annual secular event in Laguindingan is the Charter Day celebration, known as Araw ng Laguindingan, commemorating the 's establishment on July 12, 1963, via Republic Act No. 4800; this date is designated a special nonworking holiday by Republic Act No. 8452. The festivities, which often begin in June and culminate on July 12, feature cultural performances, including the Hudyaka Festival's street dancing competition that reenacts the historical founding and development of the , highlighting its agricultural heritage. Integrated into these events is the Tabako Festival, emphasizing the local industry's role in the economy through dance competitions, agro-fairs, and tributes to farmers, as cultivation remains a key primary sector activity in the area. Religiously, the municipal parish fiesta honors the Exaltation of the Holy Cross at Santa Cruz Parish, established in 1976, with celebrations centered on September 14, focusing on themes of redemption and community processions. Additional Lenten observances include a traditional trek to Buntod Hill (also called Salcedo's Hill) on Maundy Thursday evening, drawing hundreds for prayer and reflection during Holy Week. Barangay-level events, such as localized Tabako Festival dance competitions in areas like and Tubajon, complement municipal activities by showcasing inter-barangay rivalry and tobacco-themed cultural expressions, typically aligning with the July timeline. These gatherings promote local identity tied to but remain smaller in scale compared to the town-wide Charter Day program.

Education

Primary and secondary education

Primary and secondary education in Laguindingan operates under the ' K-12 system, administered by the Department of Education (DepEd) through the Schools Division of . Public elementary schools, covering grades 1-6, are distributed across barangays to serve the municipality's rural population, with Laguindingan Central School functioning as the primary central institution in the . Additional elementary facilities include those in outlying areas, supporting foundational , , and core subjects per national standards. Secondary education encompasses junior high (grades 7-10) and senior high (grades 11-12) levels, emphasizing specialized tracks such as academic, technical-vocational, or sports. Key public secondary institutions include Laguindingan National High School, which handles enrollment for incoming grades 7, 11, and transferees via standard DepEd processes including report cards and birth certificates. Kibaghot National High School serves peripheral communities, while integrated schools like Mauswagon Integrated School and Laguindingan Central School extensions offer seamless progression from elementary to secondary. The DepEd Laguindingan District coordinates these schools, with activities including teacher training and curriculum implementation aligned to regional directives. Recent division memoranda address enrollment procedures and professional development, reflecting ongoing efforts to maintain operational standards amid national challenges like post-pandemic recovery. Private options are limited, primarily kindergartens like Laguindingan Christian Kindergarten, Inc., with no major secondary private institutions noted in division records.

Higher education and vocational training

Laguindingan lacks dedicated higher education institutions offering bachelor's or advanced degree programs within its boundaries. Residents seeking tertiary education typically enroll in universities in nearby City, about 40 kilometers south, including (established 1933) and Liceo de Cagayan University, which provide a range of undergraduate and graduate courses in fields such as , , and health sciences. Alternatively, the University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines in , approximately 20 kilometers northwest, offers programs in , , and . Vocational training in Laguindingan is supported by Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA)-accredited centers focused on practical skills for local employment, particularly in trades aligned with and airport-related development. The Ellarina Technical Institute Training and Assessment Center, Inc., located at Zone 11, Valles Street, Poblacion, delivers National Certificate (NC) Level II programs such as NC II, Electrical Installation and NC II, and Pastry Production NC II, Tile Setting NC II, and Driving NC II, with training durations typically ranging from 72 to 320 hours depending on the course. The Misamis Oriental Vocational and Technical School, Inc., in Purok 6, Sinai, also operates TESDA-registered programs emphasizing technical-vocational skills, though specific offerings include general trade certifications tailored to regional needs like and . In late , a partnership between a Subic Bay-based flying school and announced plans to establish an aviation training facility at , potentially providing specialized vocational courses in piloting and to leverage the area's hub status; as of October 2025, operational details remain forthcoming from official sources. These vocational initiatives aim to address skill gaps in the workforce, with TESDA oversight ensuring alignment with national competency standards for in Mindanao's growing sectors.

Challenges and Criticisms

Infrastructure and urban planning issues

Laguindingan municipality contends with geohazard vulnerabilities that hinder effective infrastructure development and urban planning, primarily flooding and rain-induced landslides. Official assessments identify low-lying barangays near riverbanks, coastal plains, and swamps as flood-prone, where heavy precipitation and base-level rises from estuaries exacerbate inundation risks during tropical depressions and monsoons. These hazards have repeatedly damaged provincial infrastructure, including roads and drainage systems; for instance, December 2022 floods in Misamis Oriental inflicted PHP20 million in damages across 76 affected villages, with similar exposures in Laguindingan due to its topography. Landslide susceptibility further complicates road networks and settlement planning, as steep slopes in upland areas become unstable under intense rainfall, as mapped by the . This necessitates costly mitigation measures like slope stabilization and rerouting, yet existing roads, such as those linking to , suffer from congestion and inadequate capacity amid growing traffic volumes, prolonging travel times and straining maintenance budgets. Urban planning challenges stem from rapid population influx tied to airport expansion, outpacing coordinated land-use regulations and enforcement, leading to potential informal expansions in hazard-prone zones. Local governance struggles with integrating disaster-resilient designs into masterplans, including deficient drainage infrastructure that amplifies impacts during events like Tropical Depression Aghon in May 2024, which submerged parts of . While regional initiatives push for diversion roads and flood controls, persistent gaps in micro-watershed management and enforcement highlight systemic delays in adapting to causal risks from terrain and climate variability. The construction of Laguindingan International Airport involved the acquisition of approximately 400 hectares of land, leading to the displacement of over 400 farming families in the area. In January 2018, the (DAR) Region 10 identified issues with fake beneficiaries who falsely claimed to be original landowners or tenants, complicating the verification process and delaying disturbance compensation payments originally offered by at P100,000 per eligible farmer. The had previously ruled in favor of the legitimate claimants, but DAR officials noted that separating real beneficiaries from impostors required extensive validation, postponing payouts initially slated for early 2018 until at least April of that year for over 200 affected families. During a hearing on May 14, 2024, Senate President Juan Miguel Zubiri publicly criticized the airport's restroom facilities as dirty and inadequate, highlighting long passenger queues that impeded cleaning efforts. The airport manager, Job de Jesus, attributed the problem to an insufficient number of restrooms relative to passenger volume, exacerbating maintenance challenges. The hearing also addressed delays in finalizing the public-private partnership (PPP) for the airport's upgrade and operations, with the citing publication of the concession agreement but projecting an award only by the third quarter of 2024, prompting questions on timelines for improvements. Additional operational concerns have included uncontrolled vehicle parking, particularly overnight stays within the premises, raised by local officials in April 2024 as a and . Reports from June 2025 also noted passengers being stranded after the last flights due to limited services like porters, underscoring persistent infrastructure strains amid growing of 337 weekly flights.

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