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Larned, Kansas
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Larned is a city in and the county seat of Pawnee County, Kansas, United States.[1] As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 3,769.[3]
Key Information
History
[edit]Larned was laid out in 1873.[4] The first post office was established at Larned in 1872.[5]
The city drew its name from nearby Fort Larned, which operated from 1859 to 1878 and was named for Colonel Benjamin F. Larned, U.S. Army Paymaster from July 1854 to his death on September 6, 1862.
Geography
[edit]According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.39 square miles (6.19 km2), all land.[6]
Climate
[edit]The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Larned has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.[7]
| Climate data for Larned, Kansas, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1904–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 82 (28) |
89 (32) |
97 (36) |
101 (38) |
104 (40) |
112 (44) |
114 (46) |
114 (46) |
108 (42) |
99 (37) |
90 (32) |
82 (28) |
114 (46) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 68.8 (20.4) |
74.4 (23.6) |
82.3 (27.9) |
89.9 (32.2) |
95.0 (35.0) |
100.3 (37.9) |
104.2 (40.1) |
102.4 (39.1) |
99.2 (37.3) |
91.2 (32.9) |
78.1 (25.6) |
66.9 (19.4) |
105.4 (40.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 43.9 (6.6) |
47.3 (8.5) |
57.5 (14.2) |
66.5 (19.2) |
75.8 (24.3) |
85.9 (29.9) |
91.1 (32.8) |
89.6 (32.0) |
82.4 (28.0) |
69.3 (20.7) |
55.6 (13.1) |
44.5 (6.9) |
67.5 (19.7) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 32.4 (0.2) |
35.6 (2.0) |
45.3 (7.4) |
53.5 (11.9) |
63.9 (17.7) |
74.4 (23.6) |
79.3 (26.3) |
77.7 (25.4) |
70.0 (21.1) |
57.0 (13.9) |
43.8 (6.6) |
34.2 (1.2) |
55.6 (13.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 20.9 (−6.2) |
23.9 (−4.5) |
33.1 (0.6) |
40.4 (4.7) |
52.0 (11.1) |
62.8 (17.1) |
67.4 (19.7) |
65.7 (18.7) |
57.6 (14.2) |
44.7 (7.1) |
32.0 (0.0) |
23.9 (−4.5) |
43.7 (6.5) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 3.3 (−15.9) |
6.4 (−14.2) |
14.3 (−9.8) |
26.4 (−3.1) |
37.5 (3.1) |
51.6 (10.9) |
58.2 (14.6) |
55.7 (13.2) |
42.6 (5.9) |
27.3 (−2.6) |
15.0 (−9.4) |
7.1 (−13.8) |
−1.1 (−18.4) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −22 (−30) |
−24 (−31) |
−20 (−29) |
10 (−12) |
16 (−9) |
38 (3) |
44 (7) |
39 (4) |
26 (−3) |
13 (−11) |
−4 (−20) |
−22 (−30) |
−24 (−31) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.67 (17) |
0.93 (24) |
1.74 (44) |
2.20 (56) |
4.11 (104) |
4.21 (107) |
3.88 (99) |
3.61 (92) |
1.82 (46) |
2.08 (53) |
0.99 (25) |
1.00 (25) |
27.24 (692) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 5.1 (13) |
2.8 (7.1) |
2.7 (6.9) |
0.6 (1.5) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.25) |
0.3 (0.76) |
3.1 (7.9) |
14.7 (37.41) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 2.7 | 3.1 | 4.9 | 5.8 | 7.6 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 6.7 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 61.2 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 1.7 | 6.2 |
| Source: NOAA (snow/snow days 1981–2010)[8][9][10][11] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
[edit]| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1880 | 1,066 | — | |
| 1890 | 1,861 | 74.6% | |
| 1900 | 1,583 | −14.9% | |
| 1910 | 2,911 | 83.9% | |
| 1920 | 3,139 | 7.8% | |
| 1930 | 3,532 | 12.5% | |
| 1940 | 3,533 | 0.0% | |
| 1950 | 4,447 | 25.9% | |
| 1960 | 5,001 | 12.5% | |
| 1970 | 4,567 | −8.7% | |
| 1980 | 4,811 | 5.3% | |
| 1990 | 4,490 | −6.7% | |
| 2000 | 4,236 | −5.7% | |
| 2010 | 4,054 | −4.3% | |
| 2020 | 3,769 | −7.0% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census | |||
2020 census
[edit]The 2020 United States census counted 3,769 people, 1,704 households, and 919 families in Larned.[12][13] The population density was 1,563.9 per square mile (603.8/km2). There were 2,101 housing units at an average density of 871.8 per square mile (336.6/km2).[13][14] The racial makeup was 85.83% (3,235) white or European American (83.15% non-Hispanic white), 2.41% (91) black or African-American, 0.58% (22) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.42% (16) Asian, 0.05% (2) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 1.72% (65) from other races, and 8.97% (338) from two or more races.[15] Hispanic or Latino of any race was 8.49% (320) of the population.[16]
Of the 1,704 households, 26.3% had children under the age of 18; 39.2% were married couples living together; 31.9% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 39.0% of households consisted of individuals and 19.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[13] The average household size was 2.0 and the average family size was 2.8.[17] The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 16.6% of the population.[18]
23.1% of the population was under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 21.8% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 22.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.3 males.[13] For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 110.2 males.[13]
The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $42,378 (with a margin of error of +/- $5,059) and the median family income was $54,570 (+/- $15,872).[19] Males had a median income of $33,750 (+/- $9,271) versus $26,887 (+/- $4,236) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $30,481 (+/- $4,739).[20] Approximately, 1.9% of families and 9.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.8% of those under the age of 18 and 8.8% of those ages 65 or over.[21][22]
2010 census
[edit]As of the census[23] of 2010, there were 4,054 people, 1,824 households, and 1,027 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,696.2 inhabitants per square mile (654.9/km2). There were 2,130 housing units at an average density of 891.2 per square mile (344.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 92.2% White, 2.7% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.4% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.0% of the population.
There were 1,824 households, of which 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.1% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.7% were non-families. 39.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.89.
The median age in the city was 42.7 years. 23.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.9% were from 25 to 44; 27.9% were from 45 to 64; and 19.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.0% male and 52.0% female.
Education
[edit]The community is served by Fort Larned USD 495 public school district.
Media
[edit]The local newspaper is Larned Tiller & Toiler.[24]
Economy
[edit]- USD 495, local school district
- Larned State Hospital, west of Larned
- Larned Correctional Mental Health Facility, west of Larned
Area attractions
[edit]- Santa Fe Trail Center, 1349 K-156 Hwy, museum devoted to the history of the Santa Fe Trail.
- Fort Larned National Historic Site, located approximately 5.5 miles (8.9 km) west of the city of Larned.
Notable people
[edit]- Belle Jennings Benchley, "the Zoo lady", former director of the San Diego Zoo
- Gene Keady, current Big Ten sportscaster, former head coach for the Purdue Boilermakers men's basketball team
- Hal Patterson, former professional football player and member of the Canadian Football Hall of Fame
- Glee S. Smith, Jr., former Kansas state legislator and lawyer
- Ralph Terry, retired New York Yankees pitcher, 2× All-Star (1961, 1962), 2× World Series champion (1961, 1962), World Series MVP (1962), AL wins leader (1962), former professional golfer in retirement
- Mitch Webster, retired Major League Baseball outfielder
- John Zook, former football player, all-state, all Big 8 (University of Kansas), and all-pro NFL player
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Larned, Kansas
- ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
- ^ a b "Profile of Larned, Kansas in 2020". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
- ^ Kansas State Historical Society (1916). Biennial Report of the Board of Directors of the Kansas State Historical Society. Kansas State Printing Plant. pp. 260.
- ^ "Kansas Post Offices, 1828–1961". Kansas Historical Society. Archived from the original on October 9, 2013. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
- ^ "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 2, 2012. Retrieved July 6, 2012.
- ^ Climate Summary for Larned, Kansas
- ^ "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Larned, KS (1991–2020)". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
- ^ "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Larned, KS (1981–2010)". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
- ^ "NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Dodge City". National Weather Service. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
- ^ "xmACIS2". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
- ^ "US Census Bureau, Table P16: HOUSEHOLD TYPE". data.census.gov. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ^ a b c d e "US Census Bureau, Table DP1: PROFILE OF GENERAL POPULATION AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS". data.census.gov. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ^ "Gazetteer Files". Census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 30, 2023.
- ^ "US Census Bureau, Table P1: RACE". data.census.gov. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ^ "US Census Bureau, Table P2: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE". data.census.gov. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ^ "US Census Bureau, Table S1101: HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES". data.census.gov. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ^ "US Census Bureau, Table S1501: EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT". data.census.gov. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ^ "US Census Bureau, Table S1903: MEDIAN INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2020 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS)". data.census.gov. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ^ "US Census Bureau, Table S2001: EARNINGS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2020 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS)". data.census.gov. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ^ "US Census Bureau, Table S1701: POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS". data.census.gov. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ^ "US Census Bureau, Table S1702: POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS OF FAMILIES". data.census.gov. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 6, 2012.
- ^ Weintraub, Boris (April 19, 1984). "Unusual names bestowed on a few U.S. newspapers". The Bulletin. p. 16. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
Further reading
[edit]External links
[edit]- City
- Schools
- USD 495, local school district
- Historical
- Fort Larned National Historic Site
- Santa Fe Trail Center
- Historic Passenger Rail service in Pawnee County
- Postcards from Larned
- Historic Images of Larned, Special Photo Collections at Wichita State University Library.
Larned, Kansas
View on GrokipediaHistory
Founding and Settlement
The establishment of Fort Larned in October 1859 played a pivotal role in the early development of the surrounding region, serving as a military outpost to protect travelers and commerce along the Santa Fe Trail amid rising tensions with Native American tribes.[12] Located on the Pawnee River near its confluence with the Arkansas Rivers, the fort provided security and logistical support that encouraged initial civilian settlement in what would become Pawnee County.[13][3] In 1871, Captain Henry Booth, a retired Army officer and former postmaster at Fort Larned since 1869, joined with investors from Topeka to form the Larned Town Company, aiming to establish a settlement near the fort.[14] The arrival of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad on July 20, 1872, accelerated settlement, with Booth constructing the first house in April of that year on land about six miles east of the fort.[15] Pawnee County was officially organized on November 4, 1872, following Booth's petition to Governor James M. Harvey, designating the nascent community as the county seat after a contentious election in October 1873 that resolved rival claims from nearby settlements like Petersburg.[14] The town of Larned was formally laid out in December 1873 on land donated by Jerry Toles and John W. and Mary Adams, with Adams serving as president of the town company; it was named in honor of the fort, which commemorates Colonel Benjamin F. Larned.[16][3] Early settlers included the Adams family and Reverend Charles Sturdevant, who helped establish the Presbyterian Church, while W.C. Tompkinson founded the first newspaper, the Larned Press, fostering community growth.[16] Larned was incorporated as a town in January 1876, marking its transition from a frontier outpost to a burgeoning railroad hub with the first office building erected in 1877 by Judge Bright and Henry Booth.[14]Growth and Incorporation
Following its platting in December 1873 by the Larned Town Company on land donated by local settlers, Larned experienced initial growth driven by its strategic location near the Santa Fe Trail and the recent arrival of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway in July 1872.[14][17] The settlement quickly attracted pioneers, with the first post office opening in 1872 and the inaugural newspaper, the Larned Press, established shortly thereafter.[17] Early infrastructure included homes built by figures like Captain Henry Booth, a former Fort Larned postmaster, and basic commercial ventures that capitalized on the area's agricultural potential and trail traffic.[14] Larned was formally incorporated as a town in January 1876, providing a framework for local governance amid expanding settlement.[14] This status supported orderly expansion, and by March 17, 1886, it achieved incorporation as a city of the second class under Kansas law, marking its transition to a more structured municipal entity.[18] The city's growth accelerated in the ensuing years, with a diverse economy emerging by 1885 that included five hotels, three drug stores, two newspapers, three hardware stores, and three grain elevators, underscoring its role as a commercial center in Pawnee County.[14] Population growth reflected this momentum, rising from 1,066 residents in 1880 to 1,861 in 1890 before a slight decline to 1,583 in 1900, then rebounding sharply to 2,911 by 1910 as farming and ranching boomed in the region.[19] A major catalyst came in 1914 with the opening of Larned State Hospital, a state-funded facility for mental health care that created jobs and drew new inhabitants to the area.[20] By the early 20th century, Larned had established itself as the county seat and a key hub for western Kansas agriculture, with sustained development tied to rail access and public institutions.[21]Geography
Location and Environment
Larned is situated in Pawnee County in central Kansas, United States, at approximately 38°10′50″N 99°5′56″W. The city covers a total area of about 2.41 square miles, primarily land, and lies at an elevation of 2,005 feet (611 meters) above sea level. As the county seat, Larned serves as a regional hub in a rural setting, approximately 100 miles west of Wichita and 60 miles northeast of Dodge City.[22] The city is positioned along the northern bank of the Arkansas River, which flows eastward through the region and shapes much of the local geography. Larned falls within the Arkansas River Lowlands physiographic province, characterized by a flat alluvial plain formed from sediments deposited by the meandering river over millennia. This terrain consists of sand, gravel, and finer particles, creating fertile soils suitable for agriculture in areas away from the active riverbed, though the river itself often experiences low or intermittent flow in western Kansas due to seepage into the shallow groundwater and high evaporation rates.[23][24] The surrounding environment is typical of the Great Plains, with inactive sand dunes to the south of the river, many stabilized by native grasses that prevent erosion. Vegetation is predominantly shortgrass prairie, supporting a semi-arid ecosystem adapted to variable precipitation and temperature extremes. Nearby natural features include the floodplain adjacent to Fort Larned National Historic Site, where the river's historic role in transportation and settlement is evident, and broader wetland areas like Cheyenne Bottoms to the east, which enhance regional biodiversity despite the predominantly agricultural landscape.[23][25]Climate
Larned experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), characterized by hot summers, cold winters, and relatively even precipitation distribution throughout the year.[26] The annual average high temperature is 68.9°F (20.5°C), while the average low is 42.9°F (6.1°C), based on 1991–2020 normals recorded at nearby Fort Larned National Historic Site.[27] Summers are notably warm, with July featuring an average high of 92°F (33°C) and low of 68°F (20°C), often accompanied by muggy conditions due to higher humidity levels peaking at around 8.7 muggy days in the month.[28] Winters bring colder temperatures, with January averaging a high of 43°F (6°C) and low of 22°F (-6°C), and occasional snowfall contributing to an annual average of about 15 inches (38 cm).[29] The snowy period typically spans from mid-November to mid-April, with December seeing the highest monthly accumulation of around 3.4 inches (9 cm).[28] Winds are generally moderate but can gust higher in spring, averaging 13.0 mph (21 km/h) in April, while the calmest conditions occur in August at 10.5 mph (17 km/h).[28] Annual precipitation totals approximately 25.73 inches (65.4 cm), with the wetter season from mid-April to mid-September featuring higher chances of rain, including about 11.1 wet days and 3.5 inches (9 cm) in June.[27] The drier period from mid-September to mid-April sees fewer wet days, with January averaging only 2.0 days and 0.2 inches (0.5 cm).[28] Recent trends indicate variability, as water year 2022 recorded 20.69 inches (52.6 cm) of precipitation, 5.04 inches (12.8 cm) below normal, marking the driest year in the past decade.[27]| Month | Avg. High (°F) | Avg. Low (°F) | Avg. Precip. (in) |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 43 | 22 | 0.2 |
| April | 68 | 44 | 2.1 |
| July | 92 | 68 | 3.0 |
| Annual | 68.9 | 42.9 | 25.73 |
Demographics
2010 Census
As of the 2010 United States Census, Larned had a recorded population of 4,054 residents, reflecting a community with a notable presence of institutional populations due to facilities such as the Larned State Hospital. The sex distribution showed 1,947 males (48.0%) and 2,107 females (52.0%), yielding a sex ratio of 92.4 males per 100 females. The median age was 41.0 years, with 23.9% of the population under 18 years and 19.7% aged 65 years and older; younger age groups included 7.1% under 5 years and 16.9% aged 5 to 17, while the working-age population (18 to 64 years) comprised 76.1%.[30] The racial and ethnic composition of Larned was predominantly White, with significant representation from other groups influenced by the area's institutional demographics. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race accounted for 8.5% (approximately 345 individuals). The following table summarizes the racial breakdown based on self-identification:| Race | Number | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| White alone | 3,737 | 92.2% |
| Black or African American alone | 109 | 2.7% |
| American Indian and Alaska Native alone | 17 | 0.4% |
| Asian alone | 26 | 0.6% |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone | 4 | 0.1% |
| Some other race alone | 57 | 1.4% |
| Two or more races | 104 | 2.6% |
2020 Census
As of the 2020 United States Census, Larned had a population of 3,769 residents, reflecting a community with a notable presence of institutional populations due to facilities such as the Larned State Hospital. This marked a decline of 7.0% from the 2010 Census figure of 4,054.[31] The population was distributed by sex with 1,836 males (48.7%) and 1,933 females (51.3%). Age demographics showed a relatively balanced structure, with 23.1% of residents under 18 years old (871 individuals), 54.2% between 18 and 64 years (2,041 individuals), and 22.7% aged 65 and older (857 individuals), indicating a median age higher than the national average due to the significant senior population.[31] Racial and ethnic composition reflected a predominantly White community, with detailed breakdowns as follows:| Race/Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| White alone | 3,235 | 85.8% |
| Black or African American alone | 91 | 2.4% |
| American Indian and Alaska Native alone | 22 | 0.6% |
| Asian alone | 16 | 0.4% |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone | 2 | 0.1% |
| Some other race alone | 65 | 1.7% |
| Two or more races | 338 | 9.0% |
| Hispanic or Latino (of any race) | 320 | 8.5% |
