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List of Minor League Baseball leagues and teams
View on Wikipediafrom Wikipedia
There are 14 Minor League Baseball (MiLB) leagues and 206 teams in operation across the United States, Dominican Republic, and Canada, which are affiliated with Major League Baseball (MLB) teams. They are organized by one of five classes (from highest to lowest): Triple-A, Double-A, High-A, Single-A, and Rookie. Of these, 120 teams in 11 leagues (from Triple-A to Single-A) are each affiliated with one MLB team through a standardized professional development license. Additionally, three leagues consisting of a total of 85 Rookie teams are located at MLB spring training complexes in Arizona and Florida, as well as in the Dominican Republic.[1] These affiliated leagues contest their seasons during the MLB season.
The Arizona Fall League, consisting of six teams, operates in the autumn after the conclusion of the MiLB and MLB seasons to develop top prospects at various classifications.
Seven independent baseball leagues, consisting of a total of 69 teams, have no direct affiliation with Major League Baseball, though the American Association, Atlantic League, Frontier League, and Pioneer League are designated MLB Partner Leagues.[2]
Leagues affiliated with Major League Baseball
[edit]Triple-A leagues
[edit]The Triple-A classification is the highest level of play in MiLB, just below MLB. A total of 30 affiliated teams compete at this level, with 20 teams in the International League and 10 teams in the Pacific Coast League.[3]
International League
[edit]Pacific Coast League
[edit]| Team | Division | City | State | Stadium | Capacity | Affiliate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albuquerque Isotopes | East | Albuquerque | New Mexico | Rio Grande Credit Union Field at Isotopes Park | 13,500 | Colorado Rockies |
| El Paso Chihuahuas | East | El Paso | Texas | Southwest University Park | 9,500 | San Diego Padres |
| Las Vegas Aviators | West | Las Vegas | Nevada | Las Vegas Ballpark | 10,000 | Athletics |
| Oklahoma City Comets | East | Oklahoma City | Oklahoma | Chickasaw Bricktown Ballpark | 9,000 | Los Angeles Dodgers |
| Reno Aces | West | Reno | Nevada | Greater Nevada Field | 9,013 | Arizona Diamondbacks |
| Round Rock Express | East | Round Rock | Texas | Dell Diamond | 11,631 | Texas Rangers |
| Sacramento River Cats | West | West Sacramento | California | Sutter Health Park | 14,014 | San Francisco Giants |
| Salt Lake Bees | West | South Jordan | Utah | Ballpark at America First Square | 8,500 | Los Angeles Angels |
| Sugar Land Space Cowboys | East | Sugar Land | Texas | Constellation Field | 7,500 | Houston Astros |
| Tacoma Rainiers | West | Tacoma | Washington | Cheney Stadium | 6,500 | Seattle Mariners |
Double-A leagues
[edit]The Double-A classification is the second-highest level of play in Minor League Baseball. A total of 30 teams compete at this level, with 12 teams in the Eastern League, 8 teams in the Southern League, and 10 teams in the Texas League.[3]
Eastern League
[edit]Southern League
[edit]| Team | Division | City | State | Stadium | Capacity | Affiliate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biloxi Shuckers | South | Biloxi | Mississippi | Keesler Federal Park | 6,000 | Milwaukee Brewers |
| Birmingham Barons | North | Birmingham | Alabama | Regions Field | 8,500 | Chicago White Sox |
| Chattanooga Lookouts | North | Chattanooga | Tennessee | Erlanger Park | 8,032 | Cincinnati Reds |
| Columbus Clingstones | South | Columbus | Georgia | Synovus Park | 5,500 | Atlanta Braves |
| Knoxville Smokies | North | Knoxville | Tennessee | Covenant Health Park | 6,355 | Chicago Cubs |
| Montgomery Biscuits | South | Montgomery | Alabama | Montgomery Riverwalk Stadium | 7,000 | Tampa Bay Rays |
| Pensacola Blue Wahoos | South | Pensacola | Florida | Blue Wahoos Stadium | 5,038 | Miami Marlins |
| Rocket City Trash Pandas | North | Madison | Alabama | Toyota Field | 7,000 | Los Angeles Angels |
Texas League
[edit]| Team | Division | City | State | Stadium | Capacity | Affiliate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amarillo Sod Poodles | South | Amarillo | Texas | Hodgetown | 6,631 | Arizona Diamondbacks |
| Arkansas Travelers | North | North Little Rock | Arkansas | Dickey–Stephens Park | 5,800 | Seattle Mariners |
| Corpus Christi Hooks | South | Corpus Christi | Texas | Whataburger Field | 7,679 | Houston Astros |
| Frisco RoughRiders | South | Frisco | Texas | Riders Field | 10,316 | Texas Rangers |
| Midland RockHounds | South | Midland | Texas | Momentum Bank Ballpark | 6,669 | Athletics |
| Northwest Arkansas Naturals | North | Springdale | Arkansas | Arvest Ballpark | 7,305 | Kansas City Royals |
| San Antonio Missions | South | San Antonio | Texas | Nelson W. Wolff Municipal Stadium | 9,200 | San Diego Padres |
| Springfield Cardinals | North | Springfield | Missouri | Hammons Field | 10,486 | St. Louis Cardinals |
| Tulsa Drillers | North | Tulsa | Oklahoma | ONEOK Field | 7,833 | Los Angeles Dodgers |
| Wichita Wind Surge | North | Wichita | Kansas | Equity Bank Park | 10,000 | Minnesota Twins |
High-A leagues
[edit]High-A is the third-highest level of play in Minor League Baseball. A total of 30 teams compete at this level, with 12 teams in the Midwest League, 12 teams in the South Atlantic League, and 6 teams in the Northwest League.[3]
Midwest League
[edit]South Atlantic League
[edit]Northwest League
[edit]| Team | City | State/Province | Stadium | Capacity | Affiliate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eugene Emeralds | Eugene | Oregon | PK Park | 4,000 | San Francisco Giants |
| Everett AquaSox | Everett | Washington | Funko Field | 3,682 | Seattle Mariners |
| Hillsboro Hops | Hillsboro | Oregon | Hillsboro Ballpark | 4,500 | Arizona Diamondbacks |
| Spokane Indians | Spokane | Washington | Avista Stadium | 6,803 | Colorado Rockies |
| Tri-City Dust Devils | Pasco | Washington | Gesa Stadium | 3,654 | Los Angeles Angels |
| Vancouver Canadians | Vancouver | British Columbia | Rogers Field at Nat Bailey Stadium | 6,013 | Toronto Blue Jays |
Single-A leagues
[edit]Single-A is the fourth-highest level of play in Minor League Baseball. A total of 30 teams compete at this level, with 12 teams in the Carolina League, 10 teams in the Florida State League, and 8 teams in the California League.[3]
Carolina League
[edit]Florida State League
[edit]| Team | Division | City (all in Florida) | Stadium | Capacity | Affiliate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bradenton Marauders | West | Bradenton | LECOM Park | 8,500 | Pittsburgh Pirates |
| Clearwater Threshers | West | Clearwater | BayCare Ballpark | 8,500 | Philadelphia Phillies |
| Daytona Tortugas | East | Daytona Beach | Jackie Robinson Ballpark | 4,200 | Cincinnati Reds |
| Dunedin Blue Jays | West | Dunedin | TD Ballpark | 5,509 | Toronto Blue Jays |
| Fort Myers Mighty Mussels | West | Fort Myers | Hammond Stadium | 7,500 | Minnesota Twins |
| Jupiter Hammerheads | East | Jupiter | Roger Dean Chevrolet Stadium | 6,871 | Miami Marlins |
| Lakeland Flying Tigers | West | Lakeland | Publix Field at Joker Marchant Stadium | 8,500 | Detroit Tigers |
| Palm Beach Cardinals | East | Jupiter | Roger Dean Chevrolet Stadium | 6,871 | St. Louis Cardinals |
| St. Lucie Mets | East | Port St. Lucie | Clover Park | 7,347 | New York Mets |
| Tampa Tarpons | West | Tampa | George M. Steinbrenner Field | 11,026 | New York Yankees |
California League
[edit]| Team | Division | City (all in California) | Stadium | Capacity | Affiliate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fresno Grizzlies | North | Fresno | Chukchansi Park | 10,650 | Colorado Rockies |
| Inland Empire 66ers | South | San Bernardino | San Manuel Stadium | 5,000 | Seattle Mariners |
| Lake Elsinore Storm | South | Lake Elsinore | Lake Elsinore Diamond | 7,866 | San Diego Padres |
| Ontario Tower Buzzers | North | Ontario | ONT Field | 6,000 | Los Angeles Dodgers |
| Rancho Cucamonga Quakes | South | Rancho Cucamonga | LoanMart Field | 6,200 | Los Angeles Angels |
| San Jose Giants | North | San Jose | Excite Ballpark | 4,200 | San Francisco Giants |
| Stockton Ports | North | Stockton | Banner Island Ballpark | 5,300 | Athletics |
| Visalia Rawhide | South | Visalia | Valley Strong Ballpark | 2,468 | Arizona Diamondbacks |
Rookie leagues
[edit]The Rookie classification is the lowest level of play in Minor League Baseball. A total of 85 teams compete at this level, with 18 teams in the Arizona Complex League,[4] 20 teams in the Florida Complex League,[5] and 47 teams in the Dominican Summer League.[6]
Arizona Complex League
[edit]Florida Complex League
[edit]Dominican Summer League
[edit]Fall leagues
[edit]Arizona Fall League
[edit]The Arizona Fall League, an off-season league owned and operated by Major League Baseball, consists of six teams in the state of Arizona.[7] Each team is affiliated with five MLB organizations.
MLB Partner Leagues
[edit]MLB Partner Leagues consist of 50 teams with no direct affiliation with individual MLB organizations, but collaborate on promoting the sport in North America. Three leagues—the American Association, Atlantic League, and Frontier League, had been fully independent leagues. A fourth, the Pioneer League, had previously been affiliated with Minor League Baseball as a "Rookie Advanced" league, the second-lowest rung on the minor league ladder.
American Association of Professional Baseball
[edit]The American Association of Professional Baseball consists of 12 teams.[8]
| Team | Division | City | State/Province | Stadium | Capacity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chicago Dogs | East | Rosemont | Illinois | Impact Field | 6,300 |
| Cleburne Railroaders | East | Cleburne | Texas | La Moderna Field | 2,500 |
| Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks | West | Fargo | North Dakota | Newman Outdoor Field | 4,513 |
| Gary SouthShore RailCats | East | Gary | Indiana | U.S. Steel Yard | 6,139 |
| Kane County Cougars | East | Geneva | Illinois | Northwestern Medicine Field | 10,923 |
| Kansas City Monarchs | West | Kansas City | Kansas | Legends Field | 6,537 |
| Lake Country DockHounds | East | Oconomowoc | Wisconsin | Wisconsin Brewing Company Park | 3,641 |
| Lincoln Saltdogs | West | Lincoln | Nebraska | Haymarket Park | 8,486 |
| Milwaukee Milkmen | East | Franklin | Wisconsin | Franklin Field | 4,000 |
| Sioux City Explorers | West | Sioux City | Iowa | MercyOne Field at Lewis & Clark Park | 3,631 |
| Sioux Falls Canaries | West | Sioux Falls | South Dakota | Sioux Falls Stadium | 4,500 |
| Winnipeg Goldeyes | West | Winnipeg | Manitoba | Blue Cross Park | 7,561 |
Atlantic League of Professional Baseball
[edit]The Atlantic League of Professional Baseball consists of 10 teams.[9]
| Team | Division | City | State | Stadium | Capacity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Charleston Dirty Birds | South | Charleston | West Virginia | GoMart Ballpark | 4,500 |
| Gastonia Ghost Peppers | South | Gastonia | North Carolina | CaroMont Health Park | 5,000 |
| Hagerstown Flying Boxcars | North | Hagerstown | Maryland | Meritus Park | 5,500 |
| High Point Rockers | South | High Point | North Carolina | Truist Point | 8,500 |
| Lancaster Stormers | North | Lancaster | Pennsylvania | Penn Medicine Park | 8,000 |
| Lexington Legends | South | Lexington | Kentucky | Legends Field | 9,994 |
| Long Island Ducks | North | Central Islip | New York | Fairfield Properties Ballpark | 8,002 |
| Southern Maryland Blue Crabs | South | Waldorf | Maryland | Regency Furniture Stadium | 6,200 |
| Staten Island FerryHawks | North | Staten Island | New York | SIUH Community Park | 8,171 |
| York Revolution | North | York | Pennsylvania | WellSpan Park | 7,500 |
Frontier League
[edit]The Frontier League consists of 18 teams.[10]
Pioneer League
[edit]The Pioneer League consists of 12 teams.
| Team | City | State | Stadium | Capacity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Billings Mustangs | Billings | Montana | Dehler Park | 6,500 |
| Boise Hawks | Boise | Idaho | Memorial Stadium | 3,452 |
| Glacier Range Riders | Kalispell | Montana | Glacier Bank Park | 5,500 |
| Grand Junction Jackalopes | Grand Junction | Colorado | Suplizio Field | 7,014 |
| Great Falls Voyagers | Great Falls | Montana | Centene Stadium | 2,500 |
| Idaho Falls Chukars | Idaho Falls | Idaho | Melaleuca Field | 3,400 |
| Missoula PaddleHeads | Missoula | Montana | Ogren Park at Allegiance Field | 3,500 |
| Northern Colorado Owlz | Windsor | Colorado | TicketSmarter Stadium | 2,800 |
| Oakland Ballers | Oakland | California | Raimondi Park | 2,500 |
| Ogden Raptors | Ogden | Utah | Lindquist Field | 8,262 |
| Rocky Mountain Vibes | Colorado Springs | Colorado | Blocktickets Park | 8,500 |
| Yuba-Sutter High Wheelers | Marysville | California | Bryant Field | 3,500 |
Non-partner independent leagues
[edit]Empire Professional Baseball League
[edit]The independent Empire Professional Baseball League consists of 4 teams.[11]
| Team | City | State | Stadium |
|---|---|---|---|
| Malone Border Hounds | Malone | New York | American Legion Post 219 Veterans Field |
| North Country Thunderbirds | Plattsburgh | Chip Cummings Field | |
| Saranac Lake Surge | Saranac Lake | Petrova Field | |
| Tupper Lake Riverpigs | Tupper Lake | Municipal Park |
Pecos League
[edit]The independent Pecos League consists of 16 teams.[12]
| Team | Division | City | State | Stadium |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpine Cowboys | Mountain | Alpine | Texas | Kokernot Field |
| Austin Weirdos | Mountain | Austin | Texas | Parque Zaragosa |
| Bakersfield Train Robbers | Pacific | Bakersfield | California | Sam Lynn Ballpark |
| Blackwell FlyCatchers | Mountain | Blackwell | Oklahoma | Morgan Field |
| Dublin Leprechauns | Pacific | Dublin | California | Fallon Sports Park |
| Garden City Wind | Mountain | Garden City | Kansas | Clint Lightner Field |
| Martinez Sturgeon | Pacific | Martinez | California | Waterfront Park |
| Marysville Drakes | Pacific | Marysville | California | Bryant Field |
| North Platte 80's | Mountain | North Platte | Nebraska | Bill Wood Field |
| Pecos Bills | Mountain | Pecos | Texas | Cyclone Ballpark |
| Roswell Invaders | Mountain | Roswell | New Mexico | Joe Baumann Park |
| San Rafael Pacifics | Pacific | San Rafael | California | Albert Park |
| Santa Fe Fuego | Mountain | Santa Fe | New Mexico | Fort Marcy Park |
| Trinidad Triggers | Mountain | Trinidad | Colorado | Central Park |
| Tucson Saguaros | Mountain | Tucson | Arizona | Kino Sports Complex |
| Vallejo Seaweed | Pacific | Vallejo | California | Wilson Park |
United Shore Professional Baseball League
[edit]The independent, single-site United Shore Professional Baseball League consists of four teams.[13]
| Team | City | State | Stadium | Capacity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birmingham Bloomfield Beavers | Utica | Michigan | Jimmy John's Field | 4,500 |
| Eastside Diamond Hoppers | ||||
| Utica Unicorns | ||||
| Westside Woolly Mammoths |
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ "Teams by League". Minor League Baseball. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ "American Association, Frontier League Now MLB Partner Leagues". Ballpark Digest. August Publishing. September 24, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ a b c d Mayo, Jonathan (February 12, 2021). "MLB Announces New Minors Teams, Leagues". Major League Baseball. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
- ^ "Arizona League Divisions". Arizona League. Minor League Baseball. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
- ^ "Gulf Coast League Divisions". Gulf Coast League. Minor League Baseball. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
- ^ "Dominican Summer League Rosters". Minor League Baseball. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
- ^ "About". Arizona Fall League. Major League Baseball. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ "American Association Announces 2021 Schedule". American Association of Independent Professional Baseball. Archived from the original on February 8, 2021. Retrieved February 22, 2021.
- ^ "League Directory". Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ "2024 Frontier League Media Guide" (PDF). frontierleague.com. Frontier League. pp. 14–74. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ "Teams". Empire Professional Baseball League. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ "Home". Pecos League. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
- ^ "Teams". United Shore Professional Baseball League. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
List of Minor League Baseball leagues and teams
View on Grokipediafrom Grokipedia
Triple-A Affiliated Leagues
International League
The International League (IL) is one of two Triple-A leagues in Minor League Baseball, serving as the highest level of play below Major League Baseball and providing developmental opportunities for players across affiliated franchises. Established in 1884 as the Eastern League, it was renamed the International League in 1912 to reflect its expanding geographic reach, which at various points included teams from Canada and Cuba before becoming exclusively U.S.-based in 2008.[7] In 2021, as part of Major League Baseball's comprehensive restructuring of Minor League Baseball, the league was expanded from 14 to 20 teams and temporarily rebranded as the Triple-A East for that season before reverting to its historical name in 2022. This reorganization aligned the IL more closely with MLB affiliates, emphasizing regional play and modern facilities while maintaining its role in player development. The league's teams are divided into East and West divisions, each with 10 clubs, playing a 150-game schedule that fosters competition among prospects vying for MLB call-ups.[8][9] Geographically, the IL spans the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Great Lakes, and select southern and midwestern regions of the United States, with teams concentrated in states like New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, North Carolina, and Tennessee. This footprint supports interleague rivalries and efficient travel for a circuit historically rooted in the eastern U.S. The league's playoff format for 2025 features four teams—the first- and second-half winners—competing in a best-of-3 League Championship Series hosted by the first-half winner to determine the IL champion, who then advances to the single-game Triple-A National Championship against the Pacific Coast League champion.[10] The following table lists all 20 teams in the International League as of the 2025 season, including their home cities/states, stadiums, and primary MLB affiliates:
[11][12][13]
Pacific Coast League
The Pacific Coast League (PCL) is a Triple-A level minor league baseball league operating in the western United States, serving as one of two top-tier affiliates alongside the International League. Founded on December 29, 1902, with its inaugural season in 1903, the league began as an independent circuit unaffiliated with Major League Baseball, featuring teams primarily in California and the Pacific Northwest. It gained formal recognition within the minor league structure in 1952 when it was classified as an "Open" league, a unique designation above Triple-A that underscored its prominence and near-major league status during an era of limited MLB presence on the West Coast.[14][15] Throughout its history, the PCL has been instrumental in fostering baseball talent and culture in regions distant from established MLB hubs, with notable expansions and contractions reflecting population growth and sports migration. A significant milestone occurred in 2021 amid MLB's comprehensive restructuring of the minor leagues, when the PCL was reconfigured as the Triple-A West division, temporarily incorporating eastern teams like those from Iowa and Ohio to create a more balanced 10-team alignment and facilitate national scheduling during the transition from the prior 14-team format. The league reverted to its original name in 2022, maintaining its focus on western franchises while retaining some central extensions from the reorganization.[8][16] Geographically, the PCL spans the West Coast, Mountain West, and Southwest, encompassing diverse markets from coastal California to inland Texas and Oklahoma, with post-2021 adjustments introducing modest Midwest extensions through teams in Oklahoma City. This broad footprint supports a longer regular season—typically 150 games from late March to late September—enabled by the region's temperate climate, which minimizes weather disruptions compared to eastern counterparts. For 2025, the schedule incorporates interleague matchups against International League opponents, featuring series such as Sugar Land hosting Charlotte and Round Rock visiting Toledo, to enhance competitive balance and fan engagement across Triple-A.[14][17][18] The PCL's 10 teams are divided into East and West divisions, each affiliated with an MLB parent club to develop prospects for potential call-ups. Below is the full roster as of 2025:| Team | City, State | Stadium | MLB Affiliate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albuquerque Isotopes | Albuquerque, NM | Rio Grande Credit Union Field at Isotopes Park | Colorado Rockies |
| El Paso Chihuahuas | El Paso, TX | Southwest University Park | San Diego Padres |
| Las Vegas Aviators | Las Vegas, NV | Las Vegas Ballpark | Oakland Athletics |
| Oklahoma City Comets | Oklahoma City, OK | Chickasaw Bricktown Ballpark | Los Angeles Dodgers |
| Reno Aces | Reno, NV | Greater Nevada Field | Arizona Diamondbacks |
| Round Rock Express | Round Rock, TX | Dell Diamond | Texas Rangers |
| Sacramento River Cats | West Sacramento, CA | Sutter Health Park | San Francisco Giants |
| Salt Lake Bees | South Jordan, UT | The Ballpark at America First Square | Los Angeles Angels |
| Sugar Land Space Cowboys | Sugar Land, TX | Constellation Field | Houston Astros |
| Tacoma Rainiers | Tacoma, WA | Cheney Stadium | Seattle Mariners |
Double-A Affiliated Leagues
Eastern League
The Eastern League is a professional baseball league operating at the Double-A level, the second-highest classification in Minor League Baseball affiliated with Major League Baseball teams. Established in 1923 as the New York-Pennsylvania League, it adopted its current name in 1938 following expansion into New Jersey and has since served as a key developmental circuit for players in the northeastern United States.[29] The league played a central role in the 2021 MiLB reorganization, which reduced the number of teams and levels; during that transitional year, it operated as the Double-A Northeast before reverting to the Eastern League name in 2022 to honor its historical identity. With a focus on the Northeast region, the league features teams primarily in New England, New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland, providing a mix of urban and suburban venues that reflect the area's baseball heritage.[29] As of 2025, the Eastern League maintains a 12-team structure divided into Northeast and Southwest divisions, with each team playing a 138-game schedule.[30] The postseason format includes best-of-3 division series between the top two teams from each division (determined by combined first- and second-half records), followed by a best-of-3 league championship series. The Binghamton Rumble Ponies won the 2025 championship.[31] The league's 12 teams, their locations, stadiums, and MLB parent clubs as of 2025 are listed below:| Division | Team | City, State | Stadium | MLB Affiliate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northeast | Binghamton Rumble Ponies | Binghamton, NY | NYSEG Stadium | New York Mets |
| Northeast | Hartford Yard Goats | Hartford, CT | Dunkin' Park | Colorado Rockies |
| Northeast | New Hampshire Fisher Cats | Manchester, NH | Delta Dental Stadium | Toronto Blue Jays |
| Northeast | Portland Sea Dogs | Portland, ME | Hadlock Field | Boston Red Sox |
| Northeast | Reading Fightin Phils | Reading, PA | FirstEnergy Stadium | Philadelphia Phillies |
| Northeast | Somerset Patriots | Bridgewater, NJ | TD Bank Ballpark | New York Yankees |
| Southwest | Akron RubberDucks | Akron, OH | Canal Park | Cleveland Guardians |
| Southwest | Altoona Curve | Altoona, PA | PNG Field | Pittsburgh Pirates |
| Southwest | Chesapeake Baysox | Bowie, MD | Prince George's Stadium | Baltimore Orioles |
| Southwest | Erie SeaWolves | Erie, PA | UPMC Park | Detroit Tigers |
| Southwest | Harrisburg Senators | Harrisburg, PA | FNB Field | Washington Nationals |
| Southwest | Richmond Flying Squirrels | Richmond, VA | The Diamond | San Francisco Giants |
Southern League
The Southern League is a professional baseball league operating at the Double-A level within Minor League Baseball, serving as one of three affiliated circuits in this classification since the 2021 reorganization of MiLB. Established in 1964 through a rebranding of the existing South Atlantic League, it has experienced periodic expansions and contractions, including team relocations and realignments to maintain an eight-team structure focused on the southeastern United States.[32] Over its six decades, the league has adapted to shifts in MLB affiliations and regional demographics, with notable changes such as the 2025 relocation of the Atlanta Braves' affiliate from Pearl, Mississippi, to Columbus, Georgia. Geographically, the Southern League covers a footprint in the Deep South, encompassing teams in Alabama, Tennessee, Mississippi, the Florida panhandle, and Georgia, which emphasizes regional rivalries and climates characterized by high humidity and summer heat.[33] To address these conditions, the league incorporates hot-weather adaptations in its scheduling, such as starting the majority of games in the evening to reduce player and fan exposure to peak temperatures often exceeding 90°F (32°C).[34] The 2025 season featured a 138-game regular schedule split into two halves, with playoff qualification based on divisional winners from each half; the postseason format included best-of-3 division series followed by a best-of-3 championship series to determine the league title.[10] The Birmingham Barons won the 2025 championship, their second consecutive title.[35] The league's eight teams for 2025 are divided into North and South divisions, each affiliated with a Major League Baseball club. Below is a complete list, including home locations, stadiums, and affiliates.| Team | Location | Stadium | MLB Affiliate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Birmingham Barons | Birmingham, AL | Regions Field | Chicago White Sox |
| Chattanooga Lookouts | Chattanooga, TN | AT&T Field | Cincinnati Reds |
| Knoxville Smokies | Knoxville, TN | Covenant Health Park | Chicago Cubs |
| Rocket City Trash Pandas | Madison, AL | Toyota Field | Los Angeles Angels |
| Biloxi Shuckers | Biloxi, MS | Keesler Federal Park | Milwaukee Brewers |
| Montgomery Biscuits | Montgomery, AL | Riverwalk Stadium | Tampa Bay Rays |
| Pensacola Blue Wahoos | Pensacola, FL | Blue Wahoos Stadium | Miami Marlins |
| Columbus Clingstones | Columbus, GA | Synovus Park | Atlanta Braves |
Texas League
The Texas League is a Double-A affiliate of Major League Baseball, serving as a key developmental circuit for prospects across the central and southwestern United States. Founded in 1902 as a Class D league, it has operated continuously since, with a brief hiatus during World War II, and was elevated to Double-A status in 2021 amid MLB's minor league reorganization to streamline player development pathways. The league spans Texas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Arkansas, and Kansas, featuring environments that range from humid coastal areas to elevated plains, with some high-altitude ballparks like HODGETOWN in Amarillo influencing gameplay by promoting longer hits due to thinner air and dry conditions.[37][38][39] In 2025, the Texas League consists of 10 teams divided evenly between North and South divisions, playing a 138-game schedule that emphasizes intraleague competition while incorporating limited interleague series against teams from the Eastern and Southern Leagues to broaden exposure for rising talent. This structure supports the league's role in honing skills for MLB advancement, with total attendance reaching 2,818,395 across all games. The Springfield Cardinals claimed the 2025 championship, marking their first title since 2012.[40][41][38] The following table lists the 2025 Texas League teams, including their locations, stadiums, and MLB parent clubs:| Division | Team Name | City, State | Stadium | MLB Affiliate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| North | Arkansas Travelers | North Little Rock, AR | CHI St. Vincent Field at Dickey–Stephens Park | Seattle Mariners |
| North | Northwest Arkansas Naturals | Springdale, AR | Arvest Ballpark | Kansas City Royals |
| North | Springfield Cardinals | Springfield, MO | Hammons Field | St. Louis Cardinals |
| North | Tulsa Drillers | Tulsa, OK | ONEOK Field | Los Angeles Dodgers |
| North | Wichita Wind Surge | Wichita, KS | Riverfront Stadium | Minnesota Twins |
| South | Amarillo Sod Poodles | Amarillo, TX | HODGETOWN | Arizona Diamondbacks |
| South | Corpus Christi Hooks | Corpus Christi, TX | Whataburger Field | Houston Astros |
| South | Frisco RoughRiders | Frisco, TX | Riders Field | Texas Rangers |
| South | Midland RockHounds | Midland, TX | Momentum Bank Ballpark | Oakland Athletics |
| South | San Antonio Missions | San Antonio, TX | Nelson W. Wolff Municipal Stadium | San Diego Padres |
High-A Affiliated Leagues
Midwest League
The Midwest League is a professional baseball league operating at the High-A level within Minor League Baseball, serving as an advanced developmental tier for prospects en route to Major League Baseball. Established in 1947 as a Class D league, it originated in the post-World War II era to foster regional baseball growth and player development in the American heartland, drawing from earlier short-season circuits like the Illinois-Indiana-Iowa League. Over decades, the league evolved through class upgrades, reaching Class A status in 1963, and became integral to MLB farm systems by providing affordable, community-based venues for talent evaluation in the Midwest.[43][44] In 2021, Major League Baseball's comprehensive reorganization of the minors elevated the Midwest League to High-A, temporarily rebranding it as the High-A Central to reflect its expanded footprint before restoring the original name for 2022 onward; this shift emphasized higher-caliber competition and closer alignment with MLB affiliates' developmental needs. The league spans six Midwestern states—Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin—hosting games in mid-sized markets that blend urban accessibility with regional charm, contributing to the cultivation of players who have advanced to MLB stardom.[43] For the 2025 season, the Midwest League features 12 teams divided into East and West divisions, each playing a 130-game schedule. The teams, their locations, stadiums, and MLB affiliates are listed below.| Team | Location | Stadium | MLB Affiliate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beloit Sky Carp | Beloit, WI | ABC Supply Stadium | Miami Marlins |
| Cedar Rapids Kernels | Cedar Rapids, IA | Veterans Memorial Stadium | Minnesota Twins |
| Dayton Dragons | Dayton, OH | Day Air Ballpark | Cincinnati Reds |
| Fort Wayne TinCaps | Fort Wayne, IN | Parkview Field | San Diego Padres |
| Great Lakes Loons | Midland, MI | Dow Diamond | Los Angeles Dodgers |
| Lake County Captains | Eastlake, OH | Classic Park | Cleveland Guardians |
| Lansing Lugnuts | Lansing, MI | Jackson® Field | Oakland Athletics |
| Peoria Chiefs | Peoria, IL | Dozer Park | St. Louis Cardinals |
| Quad Cities River Bandits | Davenport, IA | Modern Woodmen Park | Kansas City Royals |
| South Bend Cubs | South Bend, IN | Four Winds Field | Chicago Cubs |
| West Michigan Whitecaps | Comstock Park, MI | Fifth Third Ballpark | Detroit Tigers |
| Wisconsin Timber Rattlers | Appleton, WI | Neuroscience Group Field | Milwaukee Brewers |
Northwest League
The Northwest League is a High-A classification professional baseball league in Minor League Baseball, operating as one of three leagues at that level following the 2020 restructuring of the minor leagues. The league traces its origins to the Western International League, which operated from 1937 to 1954 before rebranding as the Northwest League in 1955 and advancing to Class A status.[47] It has historically included teams from the Pacific Northwest, with a unique international element through its Canadian franchise, and became the High-A Northwest League in 2021.[48] The league's teams are based in the northwestern United States and western Canada, primarily in the states of Washington and Oregon, as well as British Columbia, with historical ties to Idaho.[48] In 2025, the six-team circuit played a divisionless schedule of approximately 131 games per team, shortened from full-season lengths to accommodate cooler spring weather in the region.[49] The postseason featured the top two teams in a best-of-five championship series.[45]| Team | Location | Stadium | MLB Affiliate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eugene Emeralds | Eugene, Oregon | PK Park | San Francisco Giants[50] |
| Everett AquaSox | Everett, Washington | Funko Field | Seattle Mariners[51][52] |
| Hillsboro Hops | Hillsboro, Oregon | Ron Tonkin Field | Arizona Diamondbacks (Note: Transitioning to new Hillsboro Ballpark in 2026)[53] |
| Spokane Indians | Spokane Valley, Washington | Avista Stadium | Colorado Rockies[54][55] |
| Tri-City Dust Devils | Pasco, Washington | Gesa Stadium | Los Angeles Angels[56][57] |
| Vancouver Canadians | Vancouver, British Columbia | Scotiabank Field at Nat Bailey Stadium | Toronto Blue Jays[58] |
South Atlantic League
The South Atlantic League (SAL), affectionately nicknamed the "Sally League," traces its origins to 1904 when it was established as a Class C minor league in the southeastern United States. Over the decades, the league has experienced multiple reformations and class upgrades, including a stint as a Class A league before the 2021 Minor League Baseball reorganization elevated it to High-A status, aligning it with MLB's streamlined developmental structure.[59] Spanning a diverse geographical footprint that emphasizes the Appalachian and Atlantic seaboard regions, the SAL includes teams in the Carolinas, Georgia, Kentucky, Virginia, and West Virginia, fostering regional rivalries and accessible fan experiences across these states.[59] In 2025, following a realignment with the Carolina League, the league maintains its 12-team format, split into North and South divisions to balance travel and competition, with each team playing a 132-game schedule.[60] The 2025 season introduced minor playoff adjustments to enhance postseason intensity, featuring the top two finishers from each division advancing to best-of-three division series, followed by a best-of-three league championship series to determine the SAL champion.[10] This format underscores the league's role in High-A player development, bridging single-A fundamentals with double-A challenges for emerging MLB talent. The league's teams and their affiliations are detailed below.| Team Name | Location | Stadium | MLB Affiliate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aberdeen IronBirds | Aberdeen, MD | Leidos Field at Ripken Stadium | Baltimore Orioles |
| Asheville Tourists | Asheville, NC | McCormick Field | Houston Astros |
| Bowling Green Hot Rods | Bowling Green, KY | Bowling Green Ballpark | Tampa Bay Rays |
| Brooklyn Cyclones | Brooklyn, NY | Maimonides Park | New York Mets |
| Greensboro Grasshoppers | Greensboro, NC | First National Bank Field | Pittsburgh Pirates |
| Greenville Drive | Greenville, SC | Fluor Field at the West End | Boston Red Sox |
| Hudson Valley Renegades | Hudson, NY | Heritage Financial Park | New York Yankees |
| Jersey Shore BlueClaws | Lakewood, NJ | ShoreTown Ballpark | Philadelphia Phillies |
| Rome Emperors | Rome, GA | AdventHealth Stadium | Atlanta Braves |
| Hub City Spartanburgers | Spartanburg, SC | Fifth Third Park | Texas Rangers |
| Wilmington Blue Rocks | Wilmington, DE | Frawley Stadium | Washington Nationals |
| Winston-Salem Dash | Winston-Salem, NC | Truist Stadium | Chicago White Sox |
Single-A Affiliated Leagues
California League
The California League is a Single-A affiliate league in Minor League Baseball, providing entry-level full-season professional play for developing prospects primarily from the Western United States. Founded in 1941 as a Class C circuit entirely within California, the league has operated continuously since its inception, evolving through various classifications amid changes in minor league structure.[61] In 2021, as part of Major League Baseball's reorganization of the minors, it transitioned from High-A (formerly Advanced-A) to Low-A, which was rebranded as Single-A in 2023 to streamline levels.[61] The league features eight teams split into North and South divisions, playing a 132-game schedule from April to September in the Pacific Time Zone.[62] Geographically centered in California's Central Valley and Inland Empire regions, the California League benefits from the state's mild climate and agricultural backdrop, fostering community ties in midsize cities. Its ballparks are notably hitter-friendly, with factors like higher elevation, dry air, and smaller dimensions leading to elevated offensive output compared to other Single-A leagues—evidenced by league-wide batting averages often exceeding .240 and home run rates above average.[63] This environment has produced notable alumni such as Barry Bonds, Randy Johnson, and Tom Glavine, who honed their skills amid the league's run-heavy play. Attendance averaged over 2,000 fans per game in 2025, reflecting strong local support.[62] The 2025 season maintained the standard divisional format, with the North Division champion advancing alongside the South Division winner to a best-of-three championship series. San Jose Giants claimed the title, underscoring the league's competitive balance.[64]Current Teams (2025)
| Division | Team | City | Stadium | Capacity | MLB Affiliate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North | Fresno Grizzlies | Fresno, CA | Chukchansi Park | 10,500 | Colorado Rockies |
| North | Modesto Nuts | Modesto, CA | John Thurman Field | 3,639 | Seattle Mariners[65] |
| North | San Jose Giants | San Jose, CA | Excite Ballpark | 4,200 | San Francisco Giants |
| North | Stockton Ports | Stockton, CA | Banner Island Ballpark | 5,000 | Oakland Athletics[66] |
| South | Inland Empire 66ers | San Bernardino, CA | San Manuel Stadium | 9,000 | Los Angeles Angels |
| South | Lake Elsinore Storm | Lake Elsinore, CA | The Diamond | 7,600 | San Diego Padres |
| South | Rancho Cucamonga Quakes | Rancho Cucamonga, CA | LoanMart Field | 6,000 | Los Angeles Dodgers |
| South | Visalia Rawhide | Visalia, CA | Rawhide Ballpark | 3,000 | Arizona Diamondbacks |
Carolina League
The Carolina League is a Single-A professional baseball league in Minor League Baseball (MiLB), operating as a developmental circuit for prospects primarily aged 18 to 23.[67] Founded in 1945 at the conclusion of World War II, the league initially comprised eight teams—six in North Carolina and two in southern Virginia—reflecting the region's post-war economic growth and interest in affordable entertainment near military installations and textile communities.[67] Over its history, the league has maintained a strong connection to military bases, with several franchises located proximate to facilities like Fort Liberty (formerly Fort Bragg) in Fayetteville, North Carolina, and Fort Jackson in Columbia, South Carolina, which have influenced team operations, fan bases, and community events.[68] Following the 2020 season's cancellation due to the COVID-19 pandemic and MiLB's subsequent restructuring, the Carolina League was reclassified as Low-A (now simply Single-A) starting in 2021, emphasizing player development through a 132-game schedule focused on fundamental skills and competition.[69] The league's geographic scope spans the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast, primarily covering North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia, with additional representation from Maryland and the South Carolina/Georgia border area in 2025.[60] For the 2025 season, the Carolina League features 12 teams divided into North and South Divisions following a realignment announced by MiLB in July 2024, which incorporated the Hickory Crawdads from the High-A South Atlantic League while shifting other franchises to balance competition.[60] This structure supports interleague play within MiLB's Single-A framework, fostering regional rivalries and exposure for affiliated players. The 2025 season ran from April 4 to September 7, culminating in the Lynchburg Hillcats defeating the Columbia Fireflies in the championship series, marking Lynchburg's first title since 2017.[70] Attendance across the league totaled approximately 2.19 million fans, averaging 2,818 per game, underscoring its role in community engagement across the tobacco road and southern college baseball heartland.[71] The following table lists the 2025 Carolina League teams, including their locations, stadiums, and Major League Baseball (MLB) affiliations:| Division | Team Name | Location | Stadium | MLB Affiliate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| North | Carolina Mudcats | Zebulon, NC | Five County Stadium | Milwaukee Brewers |
| North | Fayetteville Woodpeckers | Fayetteville, NC | Segra Stadium | Houston Astros |
| North | Fredericksburg Nationals | Fredericksburg, VA | Virginia Credit Union Stadium | Washington Nationals |
| North | Delmarva Shorebirds | Salisbury, MD | Arthur W. Perdue Stadium | Baltimore Orioles |
| North | Lynchburg Hillcats | Lynchburg, VA | Bank of the James Stadium | Cleveland Guardians |
| North | Salem Red Sox | Salem, VA | Haley Toyota Field | Boston Red Sox |
| South | Augusta GreenJackets | North Augusta, SC | SRP Park | Atlanta Braves |
| South | Charleston RiverDogs | Charleston, SC | Joseph P. Riley, Jr. Park | Tampa Bay Rays |
| South | Columbia Fireflies | Columbia, SC | Segra Park | Kansas City Royals |
| South | Hickory Crawdads | Hickory, NC | L.P. Frans Stadium | Texas Rangers |
| South | Kannapolis Cannon Ballers | Kannapolis, NC | Atrium Health Ballpark | Chicago White Sox |
| South | Myrtle Beach Pelicans | Myrtle Beach, SC | Pelicans Ballpark | Chicago Cubs |
Florida State League
The Florida State League (FSL) is a Single-A minor league baseball league operating exclusively in Florida, serving as a key developmental circuit for Major League Baseball (MLB) prospects. Established in 1919 as a Class D league with initial franchises in Bartow, Bradenton, Lakeland, Orlando, Sanford, and Tampa, it suspended operations from 1928 to 1936 before resuming and evolving through various classifications, including Class C from 1937 to 1962 and Class A from 1963 onward.[73] The league's teams are concentrated in central and eastern Florida, leveraging the state's warm climate and proximity to MLB spring training facilities to foster player acclimation to professional demands.[74] In the 2021 reorganization of Minor League Baseball, the FSL transitioned to Single-A status, one of three leagues at this level alongside the California League and Carolina League, emphasizing balanced schedules and regional play to support talent progression from rookie levels. Many FSL ballparks double as Grapefruit League venues during MLB spring training, providing shared infrastructure that enhances operational efficiency and fan access, such as LECOM Park hosting both the Pittsburgh Pirates and their affiliate. This connection underscores the league's role in Florida's baseball ecosystem, where tourism-driven markets like Daytona Beach draw crowds to historic sites tied to the sport's civil rights milestones.[74] For the 2025 season, the FSL features 10 teams divided into East and West divisions, playing a 128-game schedule from April 4 to September, with a total of 642 contests across the league and an average attendance of 1,109 per game. The East Division includes teams in coastal areas benefiting from beachfront locations and visitor economies, while the West Division spans the Tampa Bay region with urban and suburban venues. Standings and playoffs culminate in a championship series, as evidenced by the Lakeland Flying Tigers' sweep of the Daytona Tortugas to claim the title.[75][76] The league's teams, affiliations, locations, and stadiums as of 2025 are as follows:| Team | City | Stadium | MLB Affiliate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bradenton Marauders | Bradenton, FL | LECOM Park | Pittsburgh Pirates |
| Clearwater Threshers | Clearwater, FL | BayCare Ballpark | Philadelphia Phillies |
| Dunedin Blue Jays | Dunedin, FL | TD Ballpark | Toronto Blue Jays |
| Fort Myers Mighty Mussels | Fort Myers, FL | Hammond Stadium | Minnesota Twins |
| Lakeland Flying Tigers | Lakeland, FL | Publix Field at Joker Marchant Stadium | Detroit Tigers |
| Tampa Tarpons | Tampa, FL | George M. Steinbrenner Field | New York Yankees |
| Daytona Tortugas | Daytona Beach, FL | Jackie Robinson Ballpark | Cincinnati Reds |
| Jupiter Hammerheads | Jupiter, FL | Roger Dean Stadium | Miami Marlins |
| Palm Beach Cardinals | Jupiter, FL | Roger Dean Stadium | St. Louis Cardinals |
| St. Lucie Mets | Port St. Lucie, FL | Clover Park | New York Mets |
Developmental Affiliated Leagues
Rookie Leagues
The Rookie level represents the entry point in Minor League Baseball's affiliated system, serving as the lowest tier for newly drafted domestic players and international signees to begin their professional careers. These leagues emphasize player development through instructional play, focusing on fundamental skills, physical conditioning, and adjustment to professional routines rather than competitive outcomes. Schedules for the Arizona Complex League (ACL) and Florida Complex League (FCL) are approximately 52 games from early May to late July, while the Dominican Summer League (DSL) spans June to August with 50-60 games per team, allowing young prospects to acclimate without the demands of full-season play.[78][79][80] Following Major League Baseball's 2021 reorganization of the minor leagues, the Rookie classification was streamlined into three complex-based leagues: the Arizona Complex League (ACL), Florida Complex League (FCL), and Dominican Summer League (DSL), replacing the previous Arizona League and Gulf Coast League structures while eliminating other short-season affiliations. This restructuring reduced overall minor league teams but preserved these rookie venues for targeted development, with players generally aged 18-22 to foster age-appropriate competition. In 2025, the ACL champions were the ACL Angels, FCL Blue Jays for the FCL, and DSL Padres Gold for the DSL.[81][79][82] The Arizona Complex League operates in Arizona's spring training facilities, hosting 15 teams in 2025, each affiliated with an MLB club but often unnamed beyond their parent organization (e.g., ACL Angels). Games are played at shared complexes like Tempe Diablo Stadium in Tempe, AZ, for the ACL Angels, promoting cost-effective, localized instruction amid the desert heat. Attendance remains low, averaging around 100 fans per game, underscoring the league's developmental priority over fan entertainment.[83][84] Similarly, the Florida Complex League features 15 teams in 2025, based at MLB spring training sites across Florida for humidity-adjusted training and evaluation. Affiliates like the FCL Marlins play at Roger Dean Stadium in Jupiter, FL, where rosters blend recent international amateurs in a controlled environment emphasizing pitching mechanics and hitting drills. The league provides a platform for young signees and undrafted players.[85][86] The Dominican Summer League, the largest of the rookie circuits with 52 teams in 2025, is entirely international and based in the Dominican Republic, drawing primarily from local signees aged 16-18. All teams are MLB affiliates, such as the DSL Yankees at the Yankees DR Complex in Boca Chica, DR, where instruction incorporates cultural adaptation alongside baseball skills in a high-volume, talent-rich setting. The DSL's larger rosters facilitate broad scouting and development, with seasons starting in June to align with international signing periods.[87][88]Fall Leagues
The Arizona Fall League (AFL) serves as the primary MLB-affiliated fall developmental circuit, providing an advanced off-season platform for top minor league prospects to gain competitive experience and exposure to scouts. Operated directly by Major League Baseball, the league emphasizes high-intensity play in a condensed format, drawing players primarily from MLB affiliates across various levels to simulate major league conditions and accelerate skill development.[89] Founded in 1992 amid MLB's dissatisfaction with traditional winter leagues in Latin America and other regions, the AFL was established to create a stateside alternative focused on player evaluation under controlled conditions. Initially spearheaded by MLB executives including Roland Hemond, the league began with six teams representing the then-existing Arizona-based spring training facilities, aiming to showcase prospects aged 21-25 while integrating coaches, umpires, and staff for professional refinement. Over its history, the AFL has become a key "finishing school" for talent nearing the majors, with a 30-game regular season schedule plus playoffs that prioritizes at-bats, innings, and statistical tracking over full roster depth.[90][91][92] As of 2025, the AFL features six teams, each comprising players from five MLB organizations to evenly distribute talent from the 30 major league clubs. These squads play at spring training venues in the Phoenix metropolitan area, including the Mesa Solar Sox at Sloan Park in Mesa, Arizona; the Peoria Javelinas at Peoria Sports Complex in Peoria; and the Surprise Saguaros at Surprise Stadium in Surprise, with the player pool sourced exclusively from affiliates to highlight elite prospects. The league operates from early October through mid-November, forgoing traditional 25- or 40-man rosters in favor of flexible lineups that maximize individual repetitions and advanced analytics for scouting purposes.[93][94] In 2025, the AFL integrated further with Minor League Baseball's talent pipelines by rostering numerous alumni from developmental leagues like the Appalachian League, enhancing its role in bridging lower-level affiliates to major league readiness. The 2025 season featured a 30-game regular season from October 6, with playoffs including quarterfinals on November 12 at Scottsdale Stadium, semifinals on November 13 at Salt River Fields, and the championship final on November 15 at Salt River Fields. This format underscores the league's affiliated status as a critical evaluation tool for prospect promotion decisions.[95][96][97][98]MLB Partner Leagues
American Association of Professional Baseball
The American Association of Professional Baseball is an independent professional baseball league designated as an MLB Partner League, providing high-level competition outside the traditional Minor League Baseball structure.[99] Founded in 2005 through the merger of the Northern League and the Central Baseball League, it adopted the historic name of earlier professional baseball associations dating back to 1902, focusing on independent operations in underserved markets.[100] In September 2020, Major League Baseball officially named the American Association a Partner League, enabling its players to participate in the MLB Draft and fostering development collaborations with MLB organizations.[101] The league operates across the Midwest and Great Plains regions of the United States and Canada, spanning states including Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, Texas, North Dakota, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, and South Dakota, as well as Manitoba.[102] This geographic footprint emphasizes professional baseball in mid-sized cities and communities not served by MLB-affiliated minor leagues, promoting local engagement and economic impact through affordable, family-oriented entertainment.[103] For the 2025 season, the American Association features a 100-game regular season running from May 8 to September 1, with teams divided evenly into East and West divisions for balanced scheduling and competition.[104] The All-Star Game is scheduled for July 21-22, highlighting top performers from both divisions. Postseason play begins on September 3 with best-of-three Division Series matchups, advances to best-of-three Division Championship Series on September 8, and culminates in the best-of-three Wolff Cup Finals on September 15, determining the league champion.[105] The league comprises 12 teams, none of which hold formal MLB affiliates but all engage in player development partnerships to scout and develop talent for potential advancement to Major League levels.[106] Below is a list of the 2025 teams, organized by division, including their home cities, states/provinces, and stadiums:| Division | Team Name | City/State or Province | Stadium Name |
|---|---|---|---|
| East | Chicago Dogs | Bridgeview, IL | Impact Field |
| East | Gary SouthShore RailCats | Gary, IN | U.S. Steel Yard |
| East | Kane County Cougars | Geneva, IL | Northwestern Medicine Field |
| East | Lake Country DockHounds | Oconomowoc, WI | Wisconsin Brewing Company LLC Park |
| East | Milwaukee Milkmen | Franklin, WI | Franklin Field |
| East | Winnipeg Goldeyes | Winnipeg, MB | Blue Cross Park |
| West | Cleburne Railroaders | Cleburne, TX | La Moderna Field |
| West | Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks | Fargo, ND | Newman Outdoor Field |
| West | Kansas City Monarchs | Kansas City, KS | Legends Field |
| West | Lincoln Saltdogs | Lincoln, NE | Haymarket Park |
| West | Sioux City Explorers | Sioux City, IA | Lewis and Clark Park |
| West | Sioux Falls Canaries | Sioux Falls, SD | Sioux Falls Stadium |
Atlantic League of Professional Baseball
The Atlantic League of Professional Baseball (ALPB) is an independent professional baseball league operating in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. Founded in 1998, the league was established to provide a high-caliber platform for experienced players seeking opportunities outside Major League Baseball's affiliated minor leagues.[108] It has long emphasized innovation in gameplay, including the early adoption of larger bases measuring 18 inches square—three inches bigger than the standard size—which was later implemented across Triple-A and MLB levels starting in 2023 to enhance player safety and baserunning activity.[109] In September 2020, MLB designated the ALPB as its first Partner League, formalizing a collaboration effective for the 2021 season that supports player development, rule experimentation, and talent pipelines to the majors while maintaining the league's independent status.[110] The league's teams compete in urban and suburban markets across states including New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, Kentucky, and North Carolina, drawing on established fan bases in proximity to major league cities. This regional focus distinguishes the ALPB by prioritizing professional environments with modern facilities comparable to Triple-A standards, often seating 4,000 to 7,500 spectators. As a Partner League, the ALPB serves as a testing ground for MLB initiatives, such as automated ball-strike systems and pitch clock variations, contributing to broader baseball advancements. Over its history, the league has facilitated transitions for hundreds of players to MLB organizations, underscoring its role in sustaining high-level independent baseball. For the 2025 season, the ALPB features a 126-game regular schedule from late April to mid-September, divided into North and South divisions, culminating in divisional playoffs and the Atlantic League Championship Series. The league maintains a strong emphasis on player performance tracking through comprehensive statistics, including traditional metrics alongside sabermetric insights to aid scouting and development. With 10 teams, the ALPB continues to expand its footprint, incorporating new franchises like the Hagerstown Flying Boxcars to bolster regional coverage. The following table lists the ALPB's 10 teams as of 2025, including their locations and home stadiums:| Team Name | Location | Stadium Name |
|---|---|---|
| Charleston Dirty Birds | Charleston, WV | GoMart Ballpark |
| Gastonia Ghost Peppers | Gastonia, NC | CaroMont Health Park |
| Hagerstown Flying Boxcars | Hagerstown, MD | Meritus Park |
| High Point Rockers | High Point, NC | Truist Point Stadium |
| Lancaster Stormers | Lancaster, PA | Clipper Magazine Stadium |
| Lexington Legends | Lexington, KY | Kiwanis Park |
| Long Island Ducks | Central Islip, NY | Fairfield Properties Ballpark |
| Southern Maryland Blue Crabs | Waldorf, MD | Regency Furniture Stadium |
| Staten Island FerryHawks | Staten Island, NY | SIUH Community Park |
| York Revolution | York, PA | WellSpan Park |
Frontier League
The Frontier League is a professional independent baseball league designated as an MLB Partner League, operating at the highest level of independent professional baseball with direct ties to Major League Baseball for talent scouting and development.[113] Founded in 1993 by Rick Bauer in the Midwest, the league began with six teams and has expanded significantly over three decades through strategic additions and relocations, reaching 18 teams by the 2025 season.[114] This growth reflects a commitment to sustainable operations in smaller markets, with an emphasis on local ownership groups that foster community ties and economic impact. In September 2020, MLB officially recognized the Frontier League as a Partner League, enabling collaborative initiatives in player development, marketing, and promotion while maintaining its independent structure. The league's teams are primarily located in the Midwest and Ohio Valley regions, spanning Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, and extending to adjacent areas in Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Mississippi, and Quebec and Ontario in Canada.[115] This geographical footprint supports regional rivalries and accessible fan travel, with teams often serving as anchors for local economies through stadium events and partnerships. The 2025 season featured a 96-game regular season for each team, running from May 8 to August 31, divided into four divisions across two conferences, culminating in playoffs for eight teams.[116][117] As an MLB Partner League, the Frontier League serves as a key pathway for emerging talent, with players eligible for direct contracts to MLB organizations without a draft, leading to dozens of annual promotions to affiliated minor leagues or MLB clubs.[118] The league's model prioritizes innovative player acquisition, including an annual tryout and draft, and emphasizes local ownership to ensure long-term stability and fan engagement in historic or modern ballparks.[119] The following table lists the 18 teams in the Frontier League for the 2025 season, including their home cities and stadiums:| Team Name | City, State/Province | Stadium Name |
|---|---|---|
| Brockton Rox | Brockton, MA | Campanelli Stadium |
| Down East Bird Dawgs | Kinston, NC | Grainger Stadium |
| Empire State Greys | New York, NY | None (travel team) |
| Evansville Otters | Evansville, IN | Bosse Field |
| Florence Y'alls | Florence, KY | Thomas More Stadium |
| Gateway Grizzlies | Sauget, IL | GCS Ballpark |
| Joliet Slammers | Joliet, IL | Duly Health and Care Field |
| Lake Erie Crushers | Avon, OH | All Pro Freight Stadium |
| Mississippi Mud Monsters | Pearl, MS | Trustmark Park |
| New Jersey Jackals | Little Ferry, NJ | Provident Bank Park |
| New York Boulders | Pomona, NY | Clover Stadium |
| Ottawa Titans | Ottawa, ON | Raymond Chabot Citizen Field |
| Quebec Capitales | Quebec City, QC | Stade Canac |
| Schaumburg Boomers | Schaumburg, IL | Wintrust Field |
| Sussex County Miners | Augusta, NJ | Skylands Stadium |
| Tri-City ValleyCats | Troy, NY | Joseph L. Bruno Stadium |
| Trois-Rivières Aigles | Trois-Rivières, QC | Stade Quillic |
| Washington Wild Things | Washington, PA | Wild Things Park |
| Windy City ThunderBolts | Crestwood, IL | Ozinga Field |
Pioneer League
The Pioneer League is a professional baseball league designated as an MLB Partner League, focusing on player development through high-level independent competition in the western United States.[122] Established as a key venue for emerging talent, it transitioned from a Rookie-level affiliate to an independent operation in 2021 following Major League Baseball's reorganization of minor league affiliations. The league's teams compete in a challenging environment characterized by high-altitude venues, which influence gameplay by reducing air density and allowing batted balls to travel farther, often resulting in higher offensive outputs compared to sea-level parks.[123] Founded in 1939 with six inaugural teams in Idaho and Utah, the Pioneer League operated at the Class C level and suspended play during World War II from 1943 to 1945 before resuming in 1946.[124] Over decades, it maintained a footprint in the Mountain West, nurturing professional talent while adapting to regional expansions and contractions. Since becoming an independent Partner League in 2021, it has emphasized innovative gameplay and MLB collaboration, including trials of advanced technologies.[125] The league's geographic scope encompasses Idaho, Montana, Colorado, Utah, and California, with teams drawing from rural and urban communities in these states to foster local fan engagement and economic impact.[126] Midway through the 2025 season, the Northern Colorado Owlz folded and were replaced by the Colorado Springs Sky Sox.[127] In 2025, the Pioneer League consisted of 12 teams playing a 96-game regular season split into two 48-game halves, followed by playoffs where the top two teams from each half advance to a best-of-five series, culminating in a best-of-five championship.[126] To modernize umpiring, the league implemented the Strike Zone Challenge system, allowing batters, pitchers, or catchers to contest ball and strike calls in real-time using TrackMan technology for automated verification, with successful challenges preserving the review opportunity.[128]| Team Name | Location | Stadium |
|---|---|---|
| Billings Mustangs | Billings, MT | Dehler Park |
| Boise Hawks | Boise, ID | Memorial Stadium |
| Colorado Springs Sky Sox | Colorado Springs, CO | UCHealth Park |
| Glacier Range Riders | Kalispell, MT | Glacier Bank Park |
| Grand Junction Jackalopes | Grand Junction, CO | Suplizio Field |
| Great Falls Voyagers | Great Falls, MT | Centene Stadium |
| Idaho Falls Chukars | Idaho Falls, ID | Melaleuca Field |
| Missoula PaddleHeads | Missoula, MT | Ogren Park at Allegiance Field |
| Oakland Ballers | Oakland, CA | Sutter Health Park |
| Ogden Raptors | Ogden, UT | Lindquist Field |
| Yuba-Sutter High Wheelers | Yuba City, CA | Dobbins Stadium |
Non-Partner Independent Professional Leagues
Empire Professional Baseball League
The Empire Professional Baseball League (EPBL) is an independent professional developmental baseball league operating primarily in the Adirondacks region of upstate New York. Established in 2016, the league serves as a showcase platform for aspiring players, emphasizing skill development and scouting opportunities in collaboration with MLB-affiliated organizations, though it functions outside direct MLB partnerships.[129][130] The EPBL maintains a focus on small-town communities in northern New York, fostering local engagement through affordable, family-oriented baseball experiences. For the 2025 season, the league expanded to five teams, introducing the Los Angeles Bullies as its first West Coast franchise to broaden its scouting reach, while retaining its core upstate New York identity.[131] The teams are the Malone Border Hounds (Malone, NY; Municipal Park), North Country Thunderbirds (Plattsburgh, NY; Lyon Mountain Citizens Park), Saranac Lake Surge (Saranac Lake, NY; Petrova Field), and Tupper Lake Riverpigs (Tupper Lake, NY; Raquette Pond Stadium at Tupper Lake Waterfront Park); the Bullies, based in Los Angeles, CA, participate in the schedule but primarily compete in New York venues during the regular season.[132][133] These franchises highlight the league's commitment to regional roots in the Adirondacks, with games promoting rivalries among neighboring towns like Saranac Lake and Tupper Lake. The 2025 season features a 40-game regular schedule from late June to early August, followed by a postseason tournament, allowing for intense local matchups and player evaluation. While positioned as fully professional, the EPBL incorporates developmental elements, including instructional camps and tryouts that blend emerging talent with some collegiate or local athletes to build competitive rosters.[130] This structure supports the league's goal of bridging amateur and higher-level independent baseball without semi-pro designations.Mavericks League
The Mavericks Independent Baseball League is a professional independent baseball league operating in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Founded in 2021, the league provides a competitive platform for non-drafted college players, released minor leaguers, and international talent seeking to advance their careers toward Major League Baseball. All games are hosted at Volcanoes Stadium in Keizer, Oregon, emphasizing accessibility and community engagement in a single-venue format that reduces travel costs for teams and players.[134] The league was established by the ownership group of the former Salem-Keizer Volcanoes, a longtime affiliate of the San Francisco Giants, following the team's termination of its player development contract with Major League Baseball in 2020 as part of MLB's reorganization of the minor leagues. This shift eliminated short-season Class A affiliations, prompting the creation of the Mavericks League to fill the void and sustain local baseball in the Willamette Valley. The inaugural 2022 season featured three teams, expanding to four by 2023, with a focus on high-quality play and fan-friendly experiences to attract regional audiences. In 2025, the league completed its fourth season, crowning the Salem-Keizer Volcanoes as champions after a playoff series.[135][136][137] As of 2025, the league consists of four teams, all based in the Salem-Keizer area but drawing thematic inspiration from local history and culture:- Salem-Keizer Volcanoes: The flagship franchise, continuing the legacy of the original Volcanoes team that won multiple Northwest League titles from 1997 to 2019. They play home games at Volcanoes Stadium and finished the 2025 regular season with a 29-19 record before securing the championship.[138]
- Portland Mavericks: Reviving the name of the iconic 1970s independent team known for its rebellious spirit and celebrity ties, such as actor Kurt Russell's involvement in its early years. The modern iteration led the 2025 standings at 36-12, highlighting strong offensive play with a .290 team batting average.[139][140]
- Campesinos de Salem-Keizer: A Spanish-language branded team representing the area's agricultural heritage and Hispanic community, which captured the league's first championship in 2022. They posted a 16-32 record in 2025 but remain a draw for diverse fanbases.[141]
- Salem Senators: Honoring the historic Salem team from the 1940s Northwest League, this squad focuses on up-and-coming pitchers and finished 15-33 in 2025, using the season for player development.[142]
Mid-America League
The Mid-America League is a non-partner independent professional baseball league operating in the central United States, blending independent professionals with top collegiate talent to provide affordable, community-focused entertainment. Launched in 2024 by Ventura Sports Group, the league emphasizes development opportunities for players while fostering local engagement in underserved markets across Texas, Arkansas, and Missouri.[147][148] In its second season in 2025, the league featured six teams competing in a 64-game regular season schedule, with each team playing 32 home and 32 road games from late May through early August.[149][148] The season format culminated in single-elimination semifinals followed by a best-of-three championship series, highlighting the league's commitment to competitive play and fan accessibility.[148] The league's teams draw heavily from local and regional talent, including recent college graduates and players seeking professional advancement, with rosters designed to showcase emerging athletes in community ballparks. This approach supports the league's growth by integrating with local economies and youth programs, offering tickets typically priced between $8 and $12 for general admission and reserved seating.[150][151] In 2025, the Joplin Outlaws won the championship, finishing the regular season with a dominant 50-16 record before sweeping through the playoffs to claim the title.[152] Demonstrating rapid expansion, the league announced four new franchises in August 2025—joining existing teams for a total of 10 in 2026—further solidifying its presence in the central plains region.[153] The 2025 teams and their home venues are as follows:| Team Name | Location | Stadium |
|---|---|---|
| Abilene Flying Bison | Abilene, TX | Walt Driggers Field |
| Fort Smith Marshals | Fort Smith, AR | Crowder Field |
| Joplin Outlaws | Joplin, MO | Joe Becker Stadium |
| Sherman Shadowcats | Sherman, TX | Veterans Field |
| Texarkana Rhinos | Texarkana, TX | George Dobson Field |
| Piney Woods TimberHogs | White Oak, TX | Roughnecks Baseball Stadium |
Pecos League
The Pecos League is an independent professional baseball league operating as a non-partner entity in the Southwestern United States, founded in 2010 by Andrew Dunn following the collapse of the Continental League.[161] It began its inaugural season in 2011 with six teams playing in remote desert and mountain communities, emphasizing affordable professional opportunities for rookie and aspiring players in regions underserved by Major League Baseball affiliates.[162] The league has developed a reputation for its rugged, high-altitude and arid playing environments, which test players' endurance in venues often situated in small towns across Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Colorado.[163] In 2025, the Pecos League marked its 15th season with 16 teams divided into the Mountain Division (focused on Southwestern states) and the Pacific Division (primarily in California), reflecting its expansion while maintaining a nomadic structure characterized by high franchise turnover and frequent relocations.[164] Teams often operate in temporary or shared facilities due to the league's emphasis on low-cost operations in transient markets, leading to annual adjustments in affiliations and home fields; for instance, several franchises like the Monterey Amberjacks and Santa Rosa Scuba Divers returned after hiatuses, highlighting the instability common in independent baseball.[165] The season featured a compact 54-game regular schedule from May to July, culminating in playoffs that concluded on August 11, with the Tucson Saguaros defeating the San Rafael Pacifics 11-7 to claim the championship—their fourth title in league history.[166][164] A distinctive aspect of the Pecos League is its strong emphasis on player tryouts, serving as a primary entry point for unsigned professionals and college graduates seeking their first pro contract, with multiple annual camps held in cities like Houston, Kansas City, and Miami to scout talent.[167] This approach aligns with the league's role as a developmental feeder for higher-level independent and affiliated baseball, where over 300 players have advanced since inception, though the nomadic team model and short-season format pose unique logistical challenges for roster stability.[161]2025 Teams
The league's 2025 rosters exemplified its Southwestern scope and transient nature, with teams in the Mountain Division drawing from Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Colorado, and adjacent areas. Below is a representative selection of teams, including their temporary locations and venues where applicable; full lineups experienced high turnover, with several franchises relocating mid-decade.| Division | Team | Location | Venue |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mountain South | Tucson Saguaros | Tucson, AZ | Amphi Complex[166] |
| Mountain South | Alpine Cowboys | Alpine, TX | Kokernot Field[168] |
| Mountain South | Pecos Bills | Roswell, NM | Enchanted Heights Park (shared)[169] |
| Mountain South | Santa Fe Fuego | Santa Fe, NM | Fort Marcy Ballpark[169] |
| Mountain North | Roswell Invaders | Roswell, NM | Enchanted Heights Park[168] |
| Mountain North | Trinidad Triggers | Trinidad, CO | Central Park[164] |
| Mountain North | Blackwell FlyCatchers | Blackwell, OK | Memorial Field (temporary)[164] |
| Mountain North | Garden City Wind | Garden City, KS | Tangeman Field[164] |