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SSC Napoli
SSC Napoli
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Società Sportiva Calcio Napoli (pronounced [sotʃeˈta sporˈtiːva ˈkaltʃo ˈnaːpoli]), commonly known as SSC Napoli or simply Napoli, is an Italian professional football club based in Naples, Campania that plays in the Serie A, the top league of Italian football. They are among the most successful clubs in the nation, with four league titles, six Coppa Italia, two Supercoppa Italiana, and one UEFA Cup.[1] Napoli are the reigning champions of Italy, having secured their second Serie A title in three seasons in 2024–25.[2]

Key Information

The club was formed in 1926 as Associazione Calcio Napoli following the merger of US Internazionale Napoli and Naples Foot-Ball Club. Napoli saw relatively little success in their early years, not winning their first major trophy until the 1962 Coppa Italia. The club enjoyed increased success in the 1970s and 1980s, winning the 1976 Coppa Italia and reaching new heights following the arrival of Diego Maradona in 1984. During his time with Napoli, the club won their first two league titles, in 1987 and 1990. His seven seasons in Naples also saw them win the 1987 Coppa Italia, the 1990 Supercoppa Italiana, and the 1989 UEFA Cup — their only European trophy. Following Maradona's departure in 1991 however, Napoli struggled financially, and endured relegations and a bankruptcy prior to being re-founded in 2004 by film producer Aurelio De Laurentiis. Napoli returned to the Serie A three years later, and have been amongst the top clubs in Italian football since, winning three Coppa Italia (2012, 2014, and 2020), the 2014 Supercoppa Italiana, and two Serie A titles (2023 and 2025).

By attendance, Napoli have the fourth-largest fan base in Italy,[3] and were ranked as the fifth highest-earning football club in Serie A, with $182 million in revenue during the 2017–18 season.[4] In 2018, Forbes estimated Napoli to be worth $379 million, making them the fifth most-valuable club in Italy. Napoli are also one of the associate members of the European Club Association.

Since 1959, the club has played its home games at the Stadio San Paolo, which was renamed Stadio Diego Armando Maradona following the beloved former player's death in 2020. Napoli traditionally wear sky blue shirts, white shorts, and sky blue socks at home and white shirts, white or sky blue shorts, and white or sky blue socks away; this is derived from the shirts of Naples FBC and the shorts of Internazionale Napoli after the clubs merged to form Napoli's predecessor Internaples in 1922. Napoli have rivalries with Juventus, Roma (Derby del Sole), Internazionale, AC Milan and Salernitana (Derby of Campania). The club's anthem is "Napoli", one of the major hits of the Neapolitan singer Nino D'Angelo.[5]

History

[edit]

Origins

[edit]
Team of "Naples F.C.", predecessor of current club, in 1906

Although the club was officially founded in 1926, Napoli traces its roots to the first relevant Neapolitan club, founded as "Naples Foot-Ball & Cricket Club"[note 1] in 1905 by English sailor William Poths and his associate Hector M. Bayon.[6][7] Neapolitans such as Conforti, Catterina and Amedeo Salsi were also involved; Salsi was named the club's first president.[8] The original kit of the club was a sky blue and navy blue striped shirt, with black shorts.[9] Naples' first match was a 3–2 win against the English crew of the boat Arabik with goals from William MacPherson, Michele Scafoglio and Léon Chaudoir.[10]

Early into its existence, the Italian Football Championship was limited to just northern clubs, so southern clubs competed against sailors[6] or in cups such as Thomas Lipton's Lipton Challenge Cup. In the cup competed between Naples FBC and Palermo FBC Naples won three finals.[11] The foreign contingent at the club broke off in 1911 to form Internazionale Napoli, who wore blue shirts with white shorts,[6] in time for both club's debut in the Italian Championship of 1912–13.[12] Each of the teams won a Prima Categoria southern Italian titles and therefore competed in the national semi-finals, Naples doing so in 1912–13 and Internazionale Napoli in 1913–14.[citation needed] They were set to face each other for the southern titles again in 1914–15 but it was cancelled due to World War I.[citation needed]

Due to financial pressure, the two rival clubs merged as the "Foot-Ball Club Internazionale-Naples", abbreviated as "FBC Internaples" on 2 October 1922.[13] Internaples', and later Napoli's kits are derived from those of Naples FBC and Internazionale Napoli; adopting the sky blue from Naples' shirts and the white shorts from Internazionale Napoli.[citation needed]

FBC Internaples

[edit]

The merged club was seen by some media and fans to be a continuation of Internazionale Napoli rather than a new club; it played its games at Internazionale Napoli's Terme di Agnano rather than Naples FBC's Campo del Poligono and kept Internazionale Napoli's nickname of Gli Azzurri (The Blues) rather than I Blucelesti (The Navy Blue and Sky Blues) used by Naples.[14] Internaples were also given the nickname I Puledri (the foals), as the horse is a symbol of Naples.[15]

Internaples were immediately enrolled in the top-flight Prima Divisione Lega Sud championship, as both Internazionale Napoli and Naples competed in that division pre-merger. Since the end of World War I both clubs had lost dominance of the region to the likes of Puteolana and Savoia. Even with the combined strength of Internaples, Savoia still proved to be the top team in southern Italy. Internaples reached the interregional semi-finals of Lega Sud in each of its first two seasons, and reached the Lega Sud finals in 1925–26. This secured the club a spot in the new Divisione Nazionale for the following season.[16]

The birth of Associazione Calcio Napoli

[edit]

Under the presidency of Giorgio Ascarelli, and likely under pressure from the new fascist government to "Italianize" the club,[16] Internaples changed its name to Associazione Calcio Napoli on 25 August 1926.[17][18] The newly renamed team also moved from the Terme di Agnano to a new stadium, the Stadio Militare dell'Arenaccia. After a poor start, with a sole point in an entire championship,[19] Napoli was re-admitted to Serie A's forerunner, the Divisione Nazionale, by the Italian Football Federation ("FIGC"), and began to improve thanks in part to Paraguayan-born Attila Sallustro, who was the first fully fledged hero to the fans.[20] He was a capable goal-scorer and eventually set the all-time goal-scoring record for Napoli, which was later surpassed by players like Diego Maradona and Marek Hamšík.[21]

Napoli moved to the new Stadio San Paolo in 1959, where they have played since.

Napoli entered the Serie A era under the management of William Garbutt.[22] During Garbutt's six-year stint, the club would be dramatically transformed, frequently finishing in the top half of the table.[19] This included two third-place finishes during the 1932–33 and 1933–34 seasons,[19] with added notables such as Antonio Vojak, Arnaldo Sentimenti and Carlo Buscaglia.[23] However, in the years leading up to World War II, Napoli went into decline, only surviving relegation in 1939–40 by goal average.[19]

Napoli lost a closely contested relegation battle at the end of 1942 and were relegated to Serie B.[citation needed] They moved from the Stadio Giorgio Ascarelli to the Stadio Arturo Collana and remained in Serie B until after the war.[citation needed]

Post-war era and first trophies

[edit]

Play restarted in 1945 with two divisions: one consisting of Serie A teams from the north and one combined division of Serie A and Serie B teams from the central and south, with the top four of each division advancing to the national round that followed. Napoli won the Centro-Sud Serie A-B to secure a place in the Divisione Nazionale (where they placed fifth) and automatic promotion to the next season's Serie A.[19] They were relegated after two seasons for a bribery scandal.[24] The club won the Serie B titles that season to ensure top flight football at the start of the 1950s.[25] Napoli moved to their new home ground Stadio San Paolo in 1959.[citation needed]

Despite erratic league form with highs and lows during this period, including multiple relegations and promotions, Napoli won their first major trophy when they beat SPAL to lift the Coppa Italia in 1962, with goals from Gianni Corelli and Pierluigi Ronzon.[26] The victory made Napoli the first team to win the Coppa while in Serie B, and they were promoted to Serie A that season. Their fourth relegation cut celebrations short the following season.[1]

Name change

[edit]

As the club changed their name to Società Sportiva Calcio Napoli on 25 June 1964[1] they began to rise up again, gaining promotion in 1964–65. Under the management of former player Bruno Pesaola, they won the Coppa delle Alpi[1] and were back among the elite in Serie A, with consistent top-five finishes.[19] Napoli came very close to winning the league in 1967–68, finishing just behind Milan in second place.[19] Some of the most popular players from this period were Dino Zoff, José Altafini, Omar Sívori and hometown midfielder Antonio Juliano. Juliano would eventually break the appearance records, which still stands today.[23]

League stability and second Coppa Italia

[edit]
Napoli at the start of the 1970s with Dino Zoff, José Altafini, and others

The trend of Napoli performing well in the league continued into the 1970s, with third place spots in 1970–71 and 1973–74.[19] Under the coaching of former player Luís Vinício, this gained them entry into the early UEFA Cup competitions. In 1974–75, they reached the third round knocking out Porto 2–0 en route. During the same season, Napoli finished second in Serie A, just two points behind champions Juventus.[19] Solid performances from locally born players such as Giuseppe Bruscolotti, Antonio Juliano and Salvatore Esposito were relied upon during this period, coupled with goals from Giuseppe Savoldi.[23]

The club won their second Coppa Italia trophy in 1975–76, eliminating Milan and Fiorentina en route, before beating rivals Hellas Verona 4–0 in the finals. That season, they also defeated Southampton 4–1 on aggregate to lift the 1976 Anglo-Italian League Cup.[27] Napoli were entered into the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup for 1976–77, where they reached the semi-finals, losing 2–1 on aggregate to Anderlecht.[28] In the Italian league, Napoli were still very much a consistent top six side for much of the late 1970s.[19] Even into the earliest two seasons of the 1980s, the club were performing respectably with a third-place finish in 1980–81. Napoli's Primavera squad was also doing well at the time, winning the Torneo di Viareggio Cup in 1975 and their only Campionato Nazionale Primavera title in 1979.[29] However, by 1983, they had slipped dramatically and were involved in relegation battles.[19]

Napoli on the rise: Maradona era

[edit]

Napoli broke the world transfer record fee after acquiring Diego Maradona in a €12 million deal from Barcelona on 30 June 1984.[30] The squad was gradually re-built, with the likes of Ciro Ferrara, Salvatore Bagni and Fernando De Napoli filling the ranks.[23] The rise up the tables was gradual, by 1985–86, they had a third-place finish under their belts, but better was yet to come. With the attacking trio of Maradona, Bruno Giordano, and Careca (nicknamed MaGiCa), the 1986–87 season was the landmark in Napoli's history, becoming just the third Italian team to win the double after securing the Serie A title by three points and then beating Atalanta 4–0 to lift the Coppa Italia.[1]

Napoli supporters celebrating the team's first scudetto in May 1987

Because a mainland Southern Italian team had never won the league before, this turned Maradona into a cultural, social and borderline religious icon for Neapolitans, which stretched beyond the realms of just football.[31]

Diego Maradona celebrating with the UEFA Cup trophy after beating VfB Stuttgart, May 1989

The club were unsuccessful in the European Cup in the following season and finished runners-up in Serie A. However, Napoli were entered into the UEFA Cup for 1988–89 and won their first major European titles.[1] Juventus, Bayern Munich and PAOK were defeated en route to the final, where Napoli beat VfB Stuttgart 5–4 on aggregate, with two goals from Careca and one each from Maradona, Ferrara and Alemão.[32]

Napoli added their second Serie A titles in 1989–90, defeating Milan by two points in the titles race.[1] However, this was surrounded by less auspicious circumstances as Napoli were awarded two points for a game, when in Bergamo, an Atalanta fan threw a 100 lira coin at Alemão's head.[19]

A controversial set of events set off at the 1990 World Cup, when Maradona made comments pertaining to North–South inequality in the country and the risorgimento, asking Neapolitans to root for Argentina in the semi-finals against Italy in Naples.[33]

I don't like the fact that now everybody is asking Neapolitans to be Italian and to support their national team. Naples has always been marginalised by the rest of Italy. It is a city that suffers the most unfair racism.

— Diego Maradona, July 1990

The Stadio San Paolo was the only stadium during the competition where the Argentine National Anthem was not jeered,[34] Maradona bowed to the Napoli fans at the end and his country went on to reach the finals. However, after the finals, the Italian Football Federation (FIGC) forced Maradona to take a doping test, which he failed testing positive for cocaine; both Maradona and Napoli staff later claimed it was a revenge plot for events at the World Cup.[31] Maradona was banned for 15 months and would never play for the club again.[31] The club still won the Supercoppa Italiana that year, with a record 5–1 victory against Juventus, but it would be their last major trophy for 22 years. In the European Cup, they were eliminated in the second round.[35]

Decline

[edit]

Though the club finished fourth during the 1991–92 season,[19] Napoli gradually went into decline after that season, both financially and on the field. Players such as Gianfranco Zola, Daniel Fonseca, Ciro Ferrara and Careca had all departed by 1994. Nonetheless, Napoli qualified for the 1994–95 UEFA Cup, reaching the third round and in 1996–97, Napoli appeared at the Coppa Italia finals, but lost 3–1 to Vicenza; Napoli's primavera squad won the Coppa Italia Primavera that season.[36][37] Napoli's league form had dropped lower, and relegation to Serie B came at the end of 1997–98 when they won only two matches all season.[19]

The club returned to Serie A after gaining promotion in the 1999–2000 season, though after a closely contested relegation battle, they were relegated immediately back down the following season.[19] By August 2004, Napoli was declared bankrupt.[38] To secure football in the city, film producer Aurelio De Laurentiis re-founded the club under the name Napoli Soccer, as they were not allowed to use their old name until the next season.[39] FIGC placed Napoli in Serie C1, where they missed out on promotion after losing 2–1 in play-offs to local rivals Avellino in 2004–05.[1]

Despite the fact Napoli were playing in a low division, they retained higher average attendances than most of the Serie A clubs, breaking the Serie C attendance record with 51,000 at one match.[40]

Resurgence

[edit]

The following season, they secured promotion to Serie B and De Laurentiis brought back the club's history, restoring its name to Società Sportiva Calcio Napoli in May 2006.[1] After just one season in Serie B, they were promoted to the top division, along with Juventus and other fellow "sleeping giants" Genoa.[41] In 2010, under manager Walter Mazzarri, Napoli finished in sixth place to qualify for a 2010–11 UEFA Europa League spot.[42] Napoli finished third in the 2010–11 season, qualifying directly for the group stage of the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League.[43]

In the 2011–12 season, Napoli ended in fifth place in Serie A, but defeated unbeaten champions Juventus at the Stadio Olimpico to win the Coppa Italia for the fourth time in the club's history, 25 years after their last cup win. The team finished second in its group of the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League, progressing to the round of 16, where they were eliminated by eventual winners Chelsea. In 2012–13, Napoli finished in second place in Serie A, the club's best performance since winning the 1989–90 Scudetto. Edinson Cavani finished as top scorer in the division with 29 goals, which resulted in him being sold to Paris Saint-Germain for a club-record fee of €64 million.[44]

Napoli celebrating their 2014 Supercoppa Italiana win

In the 2013 close-season, Mazzarri left Napoli and Rafael Benítez became the club's manager.[45] They finished the 2013–14 season by winning the 2014 Coppa Italia finals, their fifth title in the tournament, with a 3–1 win against Fiorentina,[46] as well as qualifying for the Champions League, but missed out on the group stage as they lost to Athletic Bilbao in the play-off round.[citation needed] Their subsequent run in the Europa League ended when they lost 2–1 on aggregate to Dnipro in the semi-finals.[citation needed] They finished the 2014–15 season in fifth, with Benítez then leaving for Real Madrid and being replaced by Maurizio Sarri.[citation needed]

In Sarri's first season in charge in the 2015–16 season, Napoli finished in second place with 82 points, and were knocked out of the Europa League in the round of 32 against Villarreal.[citation needed] In the following season, Napoli finished in third place on 86 points and were knocked out of the Champions League in the round of 16 against Real Madrid.[citation needed] This year saw the breakout season for Dries Mertens who scored 34 goals in all competitions after he was moved from the left-wing to centre-forward following Milik's torn Anterior cruciate ligament.[citation needed]

In the 2017–18 season, Napoli challenged for the titles for the entire season, and finished with a club record of 91 points. However, the titles ultimately went to Juventus in the penultimate round of matches.[47] On 23 December 2017, Marek Hamšík overtook Diego Maradona as Napoli's all-time leading scorer after scoring his 115th goal.[48] At the end of the season, Sarri left for Chelsea, succeeded by Carlo Ancelotti in May 2018.[49][50] He managed the club to another second-place finish, but was sacked on 10 December 2019, following a poor run of results in the 2019–20 season which left them seventh in the table. Gennaro Gattuso was named head coach the next day.[51] On 14 June 2020, Dries Mertens became Napoli's all-time top scorer after scoring his 122nd goal in a Coppa Italia semi-finals match against Inter.[52] Napoli went on to win the 2019–20 Coppa Italia in a penalty shoot-out against Juventus in the finals.[53]

In December 2020, Napoli renamed San Paolo after club icon Diego Maradona, following his passing.[54] Napoli finished fifth in Serie A that season after a draw on the finals day, missing a Champions League berth by one point.[citation needed]

In the 2021–22 season, Luciano Spalletti replaced Gennaro Gattuso as head coach and led the team to the third place in Serie A, securing a Champions League spot for the azzurri after a two-years absence.[55]

Scudetto return

[edit]

In the 2022–23 season, Napoli clinched the Serie A title for the first time since the 1989–90 season, and their third title overall, following a 1–1 draw against Udinese on 4 May 2023, their first time as titleholders since the days of Diego Maradona.[56][57] Meanwhile, in the Champions League, Spalletti led them to the quarter-finals for the first time in their European history, where they were beaten 2–1 (1–0 away and 1–1 at home) by fellow Serie A side Milan.[58]

The 2023–24 season proved to be extremely difficult for the club, as they went through three different coaches – Rudi Garcia, a returning Walter Mazzarri, and Francesco Calzona; this managerial instability, as well as the new hires largely not performing to the club's expectations, led the Azzurri to finish 10th in the league, 41 points behind eventual champions Inter. In Europe, the club passed the group stage of the 2023–24 UEFA Champions League in a group with Real Madrid, Union Berlin and Braga, but were ultimately eliminated by Barcelona in the round of 16.

For the 2024–25 season, the club signed Antonio Conte in a bid to contest the title again.[59] Their season started out with a 3–0 away loss against Hellas Verona, but the Azzurri quickly bounced back with five wins and one draw in the following six matches. The team also signed Scott McTominay and Romelu Lukaku late during summer, both players turning out to be very important for the title campaign. Napoli maintained strong form throughout the campaign and entered the final matchday one point ahead of Inter Milan, and won the title by winning 2–0 over Cagliari on 23 May, winning their fourth title, the second in a three-year span, cementing Napoli as a consistent contender in the Serie A.[60]

Club staff

[edit]
Antonio Conte is the current head coach of the club
Position Staff
Head coach Italy Antonio Conte
Assistant head coach Italy Cristian Stellini
Technical coach Italy Elvis Abbruscato
Italy Gianluca Conte
Italy Mauro Sandreani
Match analyst Italy Giuseppe Maiuri
Athletic trainer Italy Alfonso De Felice
Italy Costantino Coratti
Assistant athletic trainer Italy Francesco Cacciapuoti
Italy Giuseppe Trepiccione
Goalkeeping coach Italy Marco Giglio
Spain Alejandro Rosalén
Head of medical staff Italy Raffaele Canonico
Club doctor Italy Vincenzo Corrado
Italy Gennaro De Luca
Social physician Italy Beniamino Casillo
Medical consultant Italy Raffaele Landolfi
Medical reviewer, orthopedist, and physiatrist Italy Angelo Cavallo
Cardiologist and cardiology consultant Italy Antonio Russo
Food technologist and nutritionist Italy Marco Rufolo
Physiotherapist Italy Marco Di Lullo
Italy Vincenzo Longobardo
Italy Vittorio Mennella
Italy Marco Romano
Italy Paolo Tartaglione
Italy Nicola Zazzaro

Presidents

[edit]

Below is the official presidential history of Napoli, from when Giorgio Ascarelli took over at the club in 1926, until the present day.[61]

 
Name Years
Giorgio Ascarelli 1926–1927
Gustavo Zinzaro 1927–1928
Giovanni Maresca 1928–1929
Giorgio Ascarelli 1929–1930
Giovanni Maresca
Eugenio Coppola
1930–1932
Vincenzo Savarese 1932–1936
Achille Lauro 1936–1940
Gaetano Del Pezzo 1941
Tommaso Leonetti 1942–1943
Luigi Piscitelli 1941–1943
Annibale Fienga 1943–1945
Vincenzo Savarese 1945–1946
 
Name Years
Pasquale Russo 1946–1948
Egidio Musollino 1948–1951
Alfonso Cuomo 1951–1952
Achille Lauro 1952–1954
Alfonso Cuomo 1954–1963
Luigi Scuotto 1963–1964
Roberto Fiore 1964–1967
Gioacchino Lauro 1967–1968
Antonio Corcione 1968–1969
Corrado Ferlaino 1969–1971
Ettore Sacchi 1971–1972
Corrado Ferlaino 1972–1983
Marino Brancaccio 1983
 
Name Years
Corrado Ferlaino 1983–1993
Ellenio F. Gallo 1993–1995
Vincenzo Schiano di Colella
(honorary president)
1995–1996
Gian Marco Innocenti
(honorary president)
1997–1998
Federico Scalingi
(honorary president)
1999–2000
Giorgio Corbelli 2000–2002
Salvatore Naldi 2002–2004
Aurelio De Laurentiis 2004–

Managers

[edit]

Napoli has had many managers and trainers, co-managers in some seasons, since 1926.[62]

 
Name Nationality    Years   
Antonio Kreutzer [de] Austria 1926–1927
Bino Skasa Austria 1927
Technical Commission
Rolf Steiger
Giovanni Terrile [it]
Ferenc Molnár
Austria
Italy
Kingdom of Hungary
1927–1928
Otto Fischer Austria 1928
Giovanni Terrile [it] Italy 1928–1929
William Garbutt England 1929–1935
Károly Csapkay Kingdom of Hungary 1935–1936
Angelo Mattea Italy 1936–1938
Eugen Payer [it] Kingdom of Hungary 1938–1939
Technical Commission
Amedeo D'Albora
Paolo Jodice
Luigi Castello
Achille Piccini
Nereo Rocco
Italy 1939
Adolfo Baloncieri Italy 1939–1940
Antonio Vojak Italy 1940–1943
Paulo Innocenti Italy 1943
Raffaele Sansone Italy 1945–1947
Giovanni Vecchina Italy 1947–1948
Arnaldo Sentimenti Italy 1948
Felice Placido Borel Italy 1948–1949
Luigi De Manes [it] Italy 1949
Vittorio Mosele [it] Italy 1949
Eraldo Monzeglio Italy 1949–1956
Amedeo Amadei Italy 1956–1959
Annibale Frossi Italy 1959
Amedeo Amadei Italy 1959–1961
Amedeo Amadei Italy 1961
Renato Cesarini Italy
Attila Sallustro Italy 1961
Fioravante Baldi [it] Italy 1961–1962
Bruno Pesaola Italy 1962
Bruno Pesaola Italy 1962–1963
Eraldo Monzeglio Italy
Roberto Lerici Italy 1963–1964
Giovanni Molino [it] Italy 1964
Bruno Pesaola Italy 1964–1968
Giuseppe Chiappella Italy 1968–1969
Egidio Di Costanzo [it] Italy 1969
Giuseppe Chiappella Italy 1969–1973
Luís Vinício Brazil 1973–1976
Alberto Delfrati [it] Italy 1976
Rosario Rivellino [it] Italy
Bruno Pesaola Italy 1976–1977
Rosario Rivellino [it] Italy 1977
Gianni Di Marzio Italy 1977–1978
Luís Vinício Brazil 1978–1980
Angelo Sormani Italy 1980
Rino Marchesi Italy 1980–1982
Massimo Giacomini Italy 1982
Bruno Pesaola Italy 1982–1983
Pietro Santin [it] Italy 1983–1984
Rino Marchesi Italy 1984–1985
 
Name Nationality    Years   
Ottavio Bianchi Italy 1 July 1986 – 30 June 1989
Alberto Bigon Italy 1989–1991
Claudio Ranieri Italy 1 July 1991 – 30 June 1993
Ottavio Bianchi Italy 1 November 1992 – 30 June 1993
Marcello Lippi Italy 1 July 1993 – 30 June 1994
Vincenzo Guerini Italy 1 July 1994 – 17 October 1994
Vujadin Boškov
Cané (Jarbas Faustinho)
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Brazil
18 October 1994 – 1995
Vujadin Boškov
Aldo Sensibile
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Italy
1995 – 30 June 1996
Luigi Simoni Italy 1996–1997
Vincenzo Montefusco Italy 1997
Bortolo Mutti Italy 1 July 1997 – 6 October 1997
Carlo Mazzone Italy 19 October 1997 – 24 November 1997
Giovanni Galeone Italy 1997–1998
Vincenzo Montefusco Italy 1998
Renzo Ulivieri Italy 1998–1999
Vincenzo Montefusco Italy 1999
Walter Novellino Italy 1999–2000
Zdeněk Zeman Czech Republic 1 July 2000 – 12 November 2000
Emiliano Mondonico Italy 13 November 2000 – 30 June 2001
Luigi De Canio Italy 1 July 2001 – 30 June 2002
Franco Colomba Italy 1 July 2002 – 16 December 2002
Sergio Buso Italy 2002
Franco Scoglio Italy 18 December 2002 – 30 June 2003
Franco Colomba Italy 2003
Andrea Agostinelli Italy 19 June 2003 – 9 November 2003
Luigi Simoni Italy 10 November 2003 – 30 June 2004
Gian Piero Ventura Italy 1 July 2004 – 25 January 2005
Edoardo Reja Italy 3 January 2005 – 10 March 2009
Roberto Donadoni Italy 10 March 2009 – 5 October 2009
Walter Mazzarri Italy 6 October 2009 – 20 May 2013
Rafael Benítez Spain 27 May 2013 – 31 May 2015
Maurizio Sarri Italy 11 June 2015 – 23 May 2018
Carlo Ancelotti Italy 23 May 2018 – 10 December 2019
Gennaro Gattuso Italy 11 December 2019 – 23 May 2021
Luciano Spalletti Italy 29 May 2021 – 14 June 2023
Rudi Garcia France 15 June 2023 – 14 November 2023
Walter Mazzarri Italy 14 November 2023 – 19 February 2024
Francesco Calzona Italy 19 February 2024 – 5 June 2024
Antonio Conte Italy 5 June 2024 –

Players

[edit]

Current squad

[edit]
As of 9 September 2025[63]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK  ITA Alex Meret
3 DF  ESP Miguel Gutiérrez
4 DF  ITA Alessandro Buongiorno
5 DF  BRA Juan Jesus
6 MF  SCO Billy Gilmour
7 FW  BRA David Neres
8 MF  SCO Scott McTominay
9 FW  BEL Romelu Lukaku
11 MF  BEL Kevin De Bruyne
13 DF  KOS Amir Rrahmani
14 GK  ITA Nikita Contini
17 DF  URU Mathías Olivera
19 FW  DEN Rasmus Højlund (on loan from Manchester United)
20 FW  MKD Eljif Elmas (on loan from RB Leipzig)
No. Pos. Nation Player
21 FW  ITA Matteo Politano
22 DF  ITA Giovanni Di Lorenzo (captain)
25 GK  ITA Mathias Ferrante
26 MF  ITA Antonio Vergara
27 FW  ITA Lorenzo Lucca (on loan from Udinese)
30 DF  ITA Pasquale Mazzocchi
31 DF  NED Sam Beukema
32 GK  SRB Vanja Milinković-Savić (on loan from Torino)
35 DF  ITA Luca Marianucci
37 DF  ITA Leonardo Spinazzola
68 MF  SVK Stanislav Lobotka
69 FW  ITA Giuseppe Ambrosino
70 FW  NED Noa Lang
99 MF  CMR Frank Anguissa

SSC Napoli Primavera

[edit]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
50 DF  ITA Giuseppe D'Angelo

Out on loan

[edit]
As of 1 September 2025

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
GK  ITA Claudio Turi (at Team Altamura until 30 June 2026)
DF  ITA Luigi D'Avino (at Giugliano until 30 June 2026)
DF  ESP Rafa Marín (at Villarreal until 30 June 2026)
DF  ITA Nosa Edward Obaretin (at Empoli until 30 June 2026)
DF  ITA Alessandro Zanoli (at Udinese until 30 June 2026)
MF  SWE Jens Cajuste (at Ipswich Town until 30 June 2026)
MF  ITA Michael Folorunsho (at Cagliari until 30 June 2026)
MF  ITA Gennaro Iaccarino (at Arezzo until 30 June 2026)
MF  ITA Lorenzo Russo (at Guidonia Montecelio until 30 June 2026)
MF  MLI Coli Saco (at Yverdon-Sport until 30 June 2026)
No. Pos. Nation Player
FW  MAR Walid Cheddira (at Sassuolo until 30 June 2026)
FW  ITA Antonio Cioffi (at Livorno until 30 June 2026)
FW  ITA Luis Hasa (at Carrarese until 30 June 2026)
FW  DEN Jesper Lindstrøm (at VfL Wolfsburg until 30 June 2026)
FW  BEL Cyril Ngonge (at Torino until 30 June 2026)
FW  ITA Emanuele Rao (at Bari until 30 June 2026)
FW  ITA Lorenzo Sgarbi (at Pescara until 30 June 2026)
FW  ARG Giovanni Simeone (at Torino until 30 June 2026)
FW  ITA Gianluca Vigliotti (at Pineto until 30 June 2026)
FW  ITA Alessio Zerbin (at Cremonese until 30 June 2026)

Retired numbers

[edit]
Jersey number 10, retired in 2000 as tribute to Diego Maradona

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
10 FW  ARG Diego Maradona (1984–1991)

In the summer of 2000, Napoli retired the jersey number 10 belonged to former club legend Diego Maradona, who played for the club from 1984 to 1991. Since the adoption of persistent squad numbers with players names printed on the jersey, the last players to wear the number 10 were Fausto Pizzi (in 1995–1996), Beto (in 1996–1997), Igor Protti (in 1997–1998) who was the last player to play and score a goal with the number 10 shirt in Serie A and Claudio Bellucci (from 1998 to 2000 in Serie B).

However, for regulatory reasons, the number was reissued from 2004 to 2006 in Serie C1, as at the time Italy's third level tournament still used the old numbering from 1 to 11, without printed names. The last player to wear and score goals with this shirt in an official match was Mariano Bogliacino in the home match of 18 May 2006 against Spezia, valid for the finals leg of the Supercoppa di Lega Serie C1; primacy belongs to him also for last appearance in the championship, 12 May 2006 at the home match against Lanciano. As regards exclusively the championship, however, the honour goes to the Argentine footballer Roberto Sosa, the distinction of being the last to wear the 10 at the San Paolo and at the same time to score in the match against Frosinone on 30 April 2006.[64]

Culture

[edit]

Colours, badge and nicknames

[edit]

As Naples is a coastal city, the colours of the club have always been derived from the blue waters of the Gulf of Naples.[65] Originally, while using the name Naples FBC, the colours of the club implemented two shades of blue.[66] However, since the 1920s, a singular blue tone has been used in the form of azure. Thus, Napoli share the nickname "Azzurri" with the Italy national team.[67] The shade of blue has been sky blue in many instances.

Former badge used between 2007 and 2024

Napoli typically wear azure shirts with white shorts at home and white shirts with either white or blue shorts away, though in recent years the away kits have often deviated from this tradition.

One of the nicknames of Napoli is "I ciucci", which means "the donkeys" in the Neapolitan language. Napoli were given this name after a particularly poor performance during the 1926–27 season. It was originally meant to be derogatory, as the Neapolitan symbol is a rampant black horse,[68] but the club adopted the donkey as a mascot named "'O Ciuccio".[69]

Napoli's first badge featured a rampant horse on top of a football with the letters "ACN" around it. The current club badge features a large "N" placed within a circle. This crest can be traced back to Internazionale Napoli, which used a similar design on their shirts.[70] Since the club officially adopted the "N badge" as its representative, Napoli have altered it slightly at various times; sometimes it features the club's name around it, sometimes it does not.[71] The main difference between each badge is the shade of blue used. Usually the "N" is white, although it has occasionally been gold (especially prior to 1980).[72]

"Partenopei" is a popular nickname for the club and people from the city of Naples in general.[73] It is derived from Greek mythology where the siren Parthenope tried to enchant Odysseus from his ship to Capri. In the story, Odysseus had his men tie him to the ship's mast so he was able to resist the song of the siren. Consequently, Parthenope, unable to live with the rejection of her love, drowned herself and her body was washed up upon the shore of Naples.[74]

Supporters and rivalries

[edit]

Support

[edit]
Napoli ultras at Stadio San Paolo

Napoli is the fourth most supported football club in Italy with around 13% of Italian football fans supporting the club.[75] Like other top clubs in the country, Napoli's fanbase goes beyond the Italian border; in 2018, the society announced that the team had over 35 million supporters worldwide and 120 million people who liked to watch Napoli matches.[citation needed]

The main ultra groups of Napoli are Fedayn EAM 1979, Ultras Napoli, Fossato Flegreo, Secco Vive, Mastiffs, Brigata Carolina, Teste Matte, Sud1996, Nuova Guardia, Vecchi Lions and Masseria.[76]

Napoli fans have occasionally cheered loud enough to register as earthquakes on seismographs at University of Naples Federico II.[77]

In the morning we went to the San Paolo to warm up, Carlos (Tevez) was telling me about this stadium, but I've played for Barça so I said to myself, it can't be that big of a deal! Yet when I set foot on that pitch I felt something magical, different. In the evening, when there was the anthem of the Champions League, hearing 80,000 people whistling us I realized what a mess we were in! I did play some important matches in my career, but when I heard that cry for the first time my legs were shaking! Well, it was there that I realized that for those people this is not just a team, it is a visceral love, like the one between a mother and a son! It was the only time I remained on the pitch after losing a match, just to enjoy the show.[78]

Rivalries

[edit]

Unlike other Italian cities such as Genoa, Milan, Rome and Turin, Napoli is the only major football club in the city, and therefore there is no derby in the strict sense of the term. The now-infrequent derby with Savoia, the next largest club in Naples, was played for the first time 24 December 1939, during the knockout phase of the 1939–40 Coppa Italia, the score was 1–3 in favor of Napoli.[79] The last meeting between the clubs was in Serie B in 2000, won 0–1 by Napoli.

Napoli's most hated rivals are Juventus.[80][81] There is also a strong rivalry with Roma. Even though there used to be an official friendship between Napoli and AS Roma fans, particularly strong in the 70s and 80s and known as the Derby del Sole (Derby of the Sun), the friendship ended in 1987 and became a rivalry who got worse around 2001, and reached its peak after the 2014 Coppa Italia final, when a Roma fan killed Napoli fan Ciro Esposito near the Stadio Olimpico, shooting him with a gun. As Napoli is one of the most important southern Italian teams, there are a lot of rivalries with several northern teams, like Milan, Internazionale, Atalanta BC and Hellas Verona.[82] Napoli fans also have a fierce rivalry with the other Roman club Lazio,[83]and contest the Derby del Mezzogiorno (Midday Derby/Derby of Southern Italy) against Bari and Derby Bourbon (referencing the family that ruled the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies) against Foggia.[citation needed]

The Derby del Sud Italia (Derby of Southern Italy) against Catanzaro was considered one of the most important rivalries in Italy during the 1970s.[84]

The fans of Napoli do[clarification needed] co-star in two particular derbies in Italy against other regional teams: Derby della Campania generally refers to a rivalry with regional clubs, mainly Avellino and Salernitana.[85]

Friendships

[edit]

A "friendly rivalry" with Palermo is contested, known as the Derby delle Due Sicilie (Derby of the Two Sicilies), in reference to the historical link of the former Kingdom of Two Sicilies.[86] Another friendly rivalry exists with Catania known as the Derby del Vulcano (Volcano Derby), referencing Mount Vesuvius near Naples and Mount Etna near Catania.[citation needed]

Friendships with teams outside Italy exist with Borussia Dortmund,[87] Celtic,[88] Lokomotiv Plovdiv,[89] Paris Saint-Germain, and Red Star Belgrade.

Napoli formerly had a famous and long-standing friendship with the fans of Genoa, but the friendship ended in 2019.[90][91] Napoli also once had a friendship with Roma.[92]

Finances

[edit]

SSC Napoli was expelled from the professional league in 2004. Thanks to Article 52 of NOIF, the sports title was transferred to Napoli Soccer (later the "new" Napoli) in the same year, while the corporate entity which administered the "old" Napoli was liquidated. In the second last season before bankruptcy, the club was partially saved by the non-standard accounting practice of amortization after Silvio Berlusconi, owner of Milan and Prime Minister of Italy, introduced Italian Law 91/1981, Article 18B.[93]

Since re-foundation in 2004, the club's large numbers of supporters provided the main source of income, particularly through gate revenues and TV rights. Napoli made an aggregate profit in 2006–07 Serie B.[94] They have continued to be profitable since returning to Serie A.[95] Napoli equity in 2005 was a negative €261,466, having started from €3 million capital. By 2010 the equity was at €25,107,223 and Napoli achieved self-sustainability.

S.S.C. Napoli S.p.A.separate financial statements[96]
Year Turnover Result Total Assets Net Assets Re-capitalization
S.S.C. Napoli S.p.A. (P.I. 03486600632) exchange rate €1 = L1936.27
1999–2000 Serie B[97] €25,120,308*# €203,378*[98] €111,556,811* €5,952,921*
2000–01 Serie A[97] Increase €54,966,464*# Decrease (€2,036,451)* Increase €154,624,699* Decrease €3,896,132* €0
2001–02 Serie B[99] Decrease €21,183,736*# Decrease (€28,856,093)* Decrease €92,721,662* Decrease (€2,166,997)* Increase ~€22.8 million
2002–03 Serie B[93] Decrease €20,428,522*# Increase (€13,754,506) Decrease €67,994,171*¶ Increase (€966,735) Decrease ~€15 million
2003–04 Serie B Not available due to bankruptcy
S.S.C. Napoli S.p.A. (P.I. 04855461218) startup capital: €3 million**
2004–05 Serie C1[100] €11,174,000 (€7,061,463) Increase €37,117,126 Decrease (€261,466) €3,800,000
2005–06 Serie C1[101] Increase €12,068,630 Decrease (€9,088,780) Increase €37,299,498 Increase €211,220 Increase €9,561,466
2006–07 Serie B[94] Increase €41,411,837 Increase €1,419,976 Increase €47,917,274 Increase €1,916,975 Decrease €288,780
2007–08 Serie A[95] Increase €88,428,490 Increase €11,911,041 Increase €86,244,038 Increase €13,829,015 Decrease €1,000
2008–09 Serie A[102] Increase €108,211,134 Decrease €10,934,520 Decrease €81,199,725 Increase €24,763,537 Decrease €0
2009–10 Serie A[103] Increase €110,849,458 Decrease €343,686 Increase €117,237,581 Increase €25,107,223 Steady €0
2010–11 Serie A Increase €131,476,940 Increase €4,197,829 Decrease €110,053,332 Increase €29,305,052
2011–12 Serie A Increase €155,929,550 Increase €14,720,757 Increase €138,168,981 Increase €44,025,810
2012–13 Serie A Decrease €151,922,436 Decrease €8,073,447 Decrease €136,748,114 Increase €52,099,258
2013–14 Serie A Increase €237,034,664 Increase €20,217,304 Increase €215,764,185 Increase €72,316,563
2014–15 Serie A Decrease (€13.1m)
2015–16 Serie A Increase (€3.2m)
2016–17 Serie A Increase €66.6m
2017–18 Serie A Decrease (€6.4m)
2018–19 Serie A €216.6m Increase €29.2m
2019–20 Serie A[104] Decrease €178.9m Decrease (€19.0m)
2020–21 Serie A Increase €179.4m Decrease (€58.9m)
2021–22 Serie A[105] Decrease €165.2m Increase (€52.0m)[106]
2022–23 Serie A[107] Increase €359.2m Increase €79.7m
2023–24 Serie A Decrease €328.2m Decrease €63.0m

Kit suppliers and shirt sponsors

[edit]

[108][109]

Period Kit manufacturer Front sponsor(s) Back sponsor Sleeve sponsor Notes
1926–78 In-house None None None
1978–80 Puma
1980–81 NR (Ennerre)
1981–82 Snaidero
1982–83 Cirio
1983–84 Latte Berna
1984–85 Linea Time Cirio
1985–88 NR (Ennerre) Buitoni
1988–91 Mars
1991–94 Umbro Voiello
1994–96 Lotto Record Cucine
1996–97 Centrale del Latte di Napoli
1997–99 Nike Polenghi
1999–2000 Peroni
2000–03 Diadora
2003–04 Legea Russo Cicciano
2004–05 Kappa None (matches 1–7) / various Filmauro films (matches 8–23)[a][110] / Mandi (match 24 – end of season)
2005–06 Lete
2006–09 Diadora
2009–11 Macron
2011–14 Lete / MSC Cruises European competitions Lete only
2014–16 Lete / Pasta Garofalo
2016–19 Kappa Kimbo
2019–21 Lete / MSC Cruises
2021–23 EA7 Floki Inu Amazon European competitions Lete and Amazon only
2023–24 MSC Cruises Upbit eBay European competitions MSC Cruises and eBay only
2024–present Sorgesana None
  1. ^ Sky Captain (matches 8–11) / Christmas in Love (matches 12–19) / Manuale d'amore (matches 19–23)

Stature and statistics

[edit]

League history

[edit]
  • 1926–1929 Divisione Nazionale (1st tier)
  • 1929–1942 Serie A (1st tier)
  • 1942–1943 Serie B (2nd tier)
  • 1943–1946 No contests (World War II)
  • 1946–1948 Serie A (1st tier)
  • 1948–1950 Serie B (2nd tier) – Champions: 1950
  • 1950–1961 Serie A (1st tier)
  • 1961–1962 Serie B (2nd tier)
  • 1962–1963 Serie A (1st tier)
  • 1963–1965 Serie B (2nd tier)
  • 1965–1998 Serie A (1st tier) – Champions: 1987, 1990
  • 1998–2000 Serie B (2nd tier)
  • 2000–2001 Serie A (1st tier)
  • 2001–2004 Serie B (2nd tier)
  • 2004–2006 Serie C1 (3rd tier) – Champions: 2006
  • 2006–2007 Serie B (2nd tier)
  • 2007–present Serie A (1st tier) – Champions: 2023, 2025

Honours

[edit]
Type Competition Titles Seasons
Domestic Serie A 4 1986–87, 1989–90, 2022–23, 2024–25
Coppa Italia 6 1961–62, 1975–76, 1986–87, 2011–12, 2013–14, 2019–20
Supercoppa Italiana 2 1990, 2014
Continental UEFA Cup 1 1988–89

Source:[111]

Other titles

[edit]

UEFA club coefficient ranking

[edit]
As of 24 May 2025[112]
Rank Team Points
32 Spain Real Sociedad 65.000
33 Italy Fiorentina 62.000
34 Italy Napoli 61.000
35 Portugal Sporting Lisbon 59.000
36 Spain Sevilla 58.000

Records and statistics

[edit]
Marek Hamšík is Napoli's record appearance holder.

Marek Hamšík holds Napoli's official appearance record, having made 520. He also holds the record for league appearances with 408 over the course of 12 years from 2007 to 2019.

The all-time leading goal scorer for Napoli is Dries Mertens, with 148 goals.[113] He also holds the record for league goals with 113.

Diego Maradona finished the season of Serie A as the league's top scorer, known in Italy as the Capocannoniere, in the 1987–88 season with 15 goals.[114] This achievement was matched by Edinson Cavani in 2012–13, Gonzalo Higuaín in 2015–16, and Victor Osimhen in 2022–23.

The record for most goals in a single league season belongs to Gonzalo Higuaín, with 36 in the 2015–16 Serie A.[115]

The biggest ever victory recorded by Napoli was 8–1 against Pro Patria, in the 1955–56 season of Serie A.[19] Napoli's heaviest championship defeat came during the 1927–28 season when eventual champions Torino beat them 11–0.[19]

On 26 July 2016, Gonzalo Higuaín became the third-highest football transfer of all-time and highest ever transfer for an Italian club[116] when he joined Juventus for €90 million.[117]

On 31 July 2020, Napoli confirmed the signing of Victor Osimhen from Lille for a transfer fee of €70 million, making him Napoli's most expensive signing of his history.[118]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia
from Grokipedia

Società Sportiva Calcio Napoli, commonly known as Napoli, is a professional football club based in Naples, Campania, Italy, that competes in Serie A, the top flight of Italian football.
Founded in 1926 through the merger of earlier local clubs, Napoli has established itself as a prominent force in Italian and European football, playing home matches at the Stadio Diego Armando Maradona, which seats over 54,000 spectators and was inaugurated in 1959.
The club, renowned for its azure blue kits and passionate fanbase, achieved its greatest successes during the late 1980s under Diego Maradona, securing its first two Serie A titles in 1986–87 and 1989–90, alongside a UEFA Cup in 1989.
After a prolonged title drought, Napoli ended a 33-year Serie A absence in 2022–23 and defended the Scudetto in 2024–25, marking their fourth league championship overall, while also claiming six Coppa Italia trophies and two Supercoppa Italiana titles.

History

Origins and early years

Società Sportiva Calcio Napoli, commonly known as SSC Napoli, traces its origins to the merger of two earlier Neapolitan clubs: Naples Foot-Ball Club, established around 1904 by English expatriates including sailor William Poths, and Unione Sportiva Internazionale Napoli (Internaples), formed in 1918. On August 1, 1926, these entities amalgamated under the initiative of Neapolitan industrialist Giorgio Ascarelli, a Jewish entrepreneur who served as the club's inaugural president from 1926 to 1927 and briefly again from 1929 to 1930. The new entity adopted the name Associazione Calcio Napoli, reflecting the fascist-era push for Italianization of club nomenclature, and entered the Prima Divisione, the precursor to Serie B, marking the formal birth of the unified club representing Naples in professional Italian football. In its nascent phase, Napoli competed in the second tier, achieving modest results such as a ninth-place finish in the 1926-27 season. The club played home matches initially at various venues before inaugurating Stadio Giorgio Ascarelli in 1929, a 10,000-capacity ground funded by the president himself, which hosted matches until 1939. By the 1929-30 campaign, Napoli secured promotion to Serie A, the top flight of Italian football, debuting with a mid-table standing that underscored the challenges of establishing competitiveness against northern powerhouses like Juventus and Milan. Early performances yielded no major honors, with finishes ranging from 5th to 12th in Serie A during the 1930s, hampered by financial constraints and regional disparities in talent recruitment. The pre-World War II era saw leadership transitions following Ascarelli's death in 1930, with figures like Gustavo Zinzaro and Giovanni Maresca at the helm, yet the club maintained regional pride amid national dominance by teams from industrial north Italy. Napoli's persistence laid foundational rivalries, notably with northern clubs, and cultivated a supporter base rooted in Neapolitan identity, though systemic biases in FIGC structures favored established Milanese and Turinese sides in resource allocation and officiating. By 1940, as wartime disruptions loomed, the club had solidified its Serie A presence without silverware, setting the stage for post-war reconstruction.

Post-war development and first trophies

Following the end of World War II, Italian football resumed in the 1945–46 season amid reorganized leagues, with Napoli competing in the Southern division of Serie B and securing promotion to Serie A by winning their group, returning to the top flight for the 1946–47 campaign alongside Bari. In their first post-war Serie A season, Napoli finished 8th out of 20 teams, accumulating 37 points from 38 matches under manager Giovanni Sansone. However, inconsistency persisted, leading to relegation in 1947–48 after a 21st-place finish with only 34 points from 40 games. Napoli spent two seasons in Serie B, placing 6th in 1948–49 before earning promotion as runners-up in 1949–50, regaining Serie A status. The early 1950s saw modest mid-table performances, with finishes including 12th in 1950–51 and 10th in 1951–52, reflecting gradual stabilization but limited ambition amid financial constraints typical of southern Italian clubs. Shipping magnate and Naples mayor Achille Lauro assumed the presidency in 1952, injecting resources to bolster the squad and infrastructure, which laid groundwork for improved competitiveness. Under Lauro's leadership, Napoli achieved respectable Serie A results in the mid-1950s, such as 5th place in 1957–58 with 43 points from 34 matches, while the club transitioned to the newly constructed Stadio San Paolo in 1959, increasing capacity to over 60,000 and symbolizing urban investment in the team. Despite this progress, defensive frailties culminated in relegation at the end of the 1960–61 Serie A season, finishing 17th with 29 points from 34 games. In a remarkable turnaround during the 1961–62 season, Napoli, now in Serie B, clinched runners-up position to secure immediate promotion back to Serie A while simultaneously capturing their first major trophy, the Coppa Italia. They defeated SPAL 2–1 in the final on May 24, 1962, at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome, with goals from Giuseppe Napolitano and Angelo Mora, marking the club's inaugural national honor despite their second-tier status—a feat enabled by Coppa Italia rules allowing Serie B participation. This victory, under manager Bruno Pesaola, signaled emerging resilience and set the stage for future contention, though Serie A dominance remained elusive.

Stability and growth in the 1970s-1980s

Under the presidency of Corrado Ferlaino, who assumed control in 1969, SSC Napoli experienced a period of relative stability in Serie A, avoiding relegation and establishing itself as a mid-to-upper-table competitor in the Italian top flight. The club finished third in the 1970–71 season, its highest placement to that point, with key contributions from players such as Ottavio Bianchi, Antonio Juliano, and José Altafini, who helped secure 16 wins and a goal tally of 51 in 30 matches. This was followed by another third-place finish in 1973–74, reflecting improved squad cohesion and tactical discipline under managers including Heriberto Herrera, though defensive vulnerabilities persisted, conceding 34 goals in the latter campaign. The 1976 season marked a breakthrough in domestic cup competition, as Napoli won its second Coppa Italia on June 13, defeating Hellas Verona 4–0 in the final at the Stadio Olimpico, with goals from Luigi Pogliana and others underscoring offensive potency. Complementing this, the club secured the Anglo-Italian League Cup in July 1976 by beating Southampton 4–1 on aggregate across two legs, providing early international exposure and revenue that bolstered financial foundations. These triumphs, amid Serie A finishes around mid-table (e.g., 10th in 1975–76), demonstrated growth in squad depth, with long-serving defender Giuseppe Bruscolotti emerging as a mainstay from 1972 onward, eventually amassing over 500 appearances. Entering the 1980s, Napoli's infrastructure advanced with renovations to the Stadio San Paolo (later renamed Stadio Diego Armando Maradona) for the 1980 UEFA European Championship, expanding capacity and modernizing facilities to accommodate larger crowds and generate higher gate receipts. Ferlaino's strategic investments in scouting and youth development sustained Serie A presence without major financial distress, setting the stage for high-profile acquisitions; the club hovered in the 5th to 8th positions in early 1980s leagues, scoring consistently (e.g., 44 goals in 1980–81) but hampered by inconsistent finishing. Attendance averaged over 50,000 per match during this era, reflecting growing fan support in Naples, though competitive dominance remained elusive until subsequent reinforcements. This phase emphasized prudent management over risky spending, prioritizing squad balance with domestic talents like Juliano and international additions to mitigate earlier reliance on aging stars.

Maradona era and Serie A dominance

Diego Maradona transferred to SSC Napoli from FC Barcelona on 1 July 1984 for a world-record fee of 13.2 billion Italian lire, equivalent to roughly €6.5 million in modern terms, elevating the club's profile as a perennial underdog in Italian football. This acquisition, orchestrated by president Corrado Ferlaino, injected hope into a fanbase in economically challenged Naples, where northern clubs like Juventus and AC Milan had long dominated Serie A. Maradona, fresh from the 1984 European Cup final, formed a potent attack alongside domestic talents such as Salvatore Bagni and Bruno Giordano, though early seasons under manager Rino Marchesi yielded third place in 1984–85 and second in 1985–86 without silverware. The breakthrough came in 1986–87 under new coach Ottavio Bianchi, as Napoli clinched their maiden Serie A title on 10 May 1987 via a 1–1 home draw with Fiorentina, with Maradona scoring the equalizer in the 85th minute. Maradona's 10 league goals and creative influence proved decisive against title challengers Juventus and AC Milan, culminating in a domestic double with the Coppa Italia victory (2–1 aggregate over Atalanta in the final). The squad's resilience was bolstered by emerging defender Ciro Ferrara and midfielder Fernando De Napoli, marking the first time a southern Italian club disrupted the northern hegemony in the post-World War II era. Napoli's European breakthrough followed in 1988–89 with the UEFA Cup triumph, their sole continental honor to date, overcoming VfB Stuttgart 5–4 on aggregate in the final (2–1 home win on 18 May, preceded by a 3–3 draw away on 3 May). Maradona captained the side through grueling ties, including semifinals against Bayern Munich. The 1989–90 Serie A campaign reaffirmed dominance under Bianchi's return, as Napoli amassed a club-record 51 points from 21 wins, 9 draws, and 4 losses, finishing 9 points clear of AC Milan. Brazilian striker Careca's 13 goals complemented Maradona's output, while defenders Alessandro Renica and Ferrara anchored a league-best defense conceding just 21 goals; a 1–0 win over AC Milan on 25 February sealed momentum. The Supercoppa Italiana followed in January 1990 (5–1 over Juventus). This seven-year spell yielded two Scudetti, ending Maradona's stint in October 1991 amid a 15-month cocaine ban after a positive test, though his 115 goals in 259 appearances cemented Napoli's transformation from mid-table obscurity to serial champions. The era's success relied not solely on Maradona but a balanced roster, challenging narratives of individual carry despite his transcendent role in defying structural disadvantages faced by southern clubs.

Decline, financial collapse, and reformation

Following Diego Maradona's departure in 1991 amid a positive cocaine test and subsequent suspension, SSC Napoli experienced a sharp decline in competitive performance and financial stability. The club, which had relied heavily on Maradona's individual brilliance and high-profile signings funded by president Corrado Ferlaino's aggressive spending, failed to adequately replace key talent or manage escalating wage bills, leading to inconsistent results and mounting debts. On the pitch, Napoli finished fourth in Serie A during the 1991–92 season but steadily worsened, culminating in relegation to Serie B at the end of the 1997–98 campaign after 33 consecutive years in the top flight. The club briefly returned to Serie A via promotion for the 2000–01 season but was relegated again following a tight battle against demotion. Further deterioration in Serie B led to another drop to Serie C by the conclusion of the 2003–04 season. Financial mismanagement exacerbated these sporting failures, with debts accumulating from unprofitable player transfers, unpaid taxes, and operational overspending under Ferlaino's long tenure, mirroring broader issues in Italian football clubs during the era. By August 2004, Napoli was declared bankrupt by the Civil Tribunal of Naples, with liabilities exceeding €79 million, forcing the original entity's dissolution. The club's reformation came swiftly through Italian film producer Aurelio De Laurentiis, who acquired the assets via auction in September 2004 under a new entity initially named Napoli Soccer. Benefiting from the 'Lodo Petrucci' regulatory provision, which permitted bankrupt clubs to resume operations at a reduced league level while retaining historical identity and sporting title, the refounded Napoli was admitted to Serie C1 for the 2004–05 season, marking the start of efforts to rebuild from the third tier.

Revival under De Laurentiis and Serie A return

In August 2004, a Naples court declared SSC Napoli bankrupt amid debts exceeding €80 million, resulting in the revocation of its professional license and placement in Serie C1, Italy's third tier, under a new entity initially named Napoli Soccer S.r.l.. Italian film producer Aurelio De Laurentiis acquired the club's title, assets, and participation rights for a nominal fee, assuming responsibility for settling a portion of the debts while prioritizing long-term financial sustainability over immediate spending. De Laurentiis installed himself as president and appointed coach Luigi De Canio, focusing on youth development, prudent transfers, and revenue from sponsorships and ticket sales to rebuild without external debt, a stark contrast to the prior regime's fiscal mismanagement. The 2004–05 season saw Napoli Soccer finish third in Serie C1 Girone B, securing a playoff spot but failing to advance to promotion, with average attendance around 30,000 reflecting strong fan support despite the demotion. Under new coach Gianluca Grava in 2005–06, the team clinched the Serie C1 Girone B title with 79 points from 34 matches, earning promotion to Serie B after defeating rivals like Benevento and Avellino through a mix of experienced signings such as Roberto Baronio and emerging talents. In May 2006, De Laurentiis reacquired the historic S.S.C. Napoli designation, restoring the club's full identity ahead of its Serie B campaign. The 2006–07 Serie B season marked a pivotal step, as Napoli, managed by Francesco Marino and later Walter Novellino, finished second with 78 points, clinching automatic promotion to Serie A on May 19, 2007, via a 2–0 victory over Pianese in the penultimate match. Key to this ascent were defensive solidity—conceding just 36 goals—and contributions from forwards like Emanuele Calaiò (21 goals), alongside De Laurentiis's strategy of low-cost acquisitions and infrastructure investments, including stadium upgrades, which boosted commercial revenues to €25 million by season's end. Upon returning to Serie A for the 2007–08 campaign, Napoli posted a respectable 8th-place finish under Novellino and successor Edy Reja, establishing mid-table stability while maintaining zero net debt, a foundation that enabled sustained competitiveness without the financial crises that had previously doomed the club.

European campaigns and 2023 Scudetto

Following promotion to Serie A in 2007, SSC Napoli resumed participation in UEFA competitions, initially in the UEFA Cup during the 2007–08 and 2009–10 seasons, before advancing to the Champions League group stage in 2011–12, where they reached the round of 16 after finishing second in a group with Bayern Munich, Manchester City, and Villarreal, ultimately losing to Chelsea on away goals (3–3 aggregate). Subsequent Champions League appearances included group stage exits in 2013–14 and 2017–18, a playoff loss to Athletic Bilbao in 2014–15 (1–4 aggregate), and round of 16 defeats in 2016–17 to Real Madrid (3–6 aggregate) and 2019–20 to Barcelona (2–4 aggregate). In the Europa League, notable runs featured a semi-final appearance in 2014–15 after dropping from the Champions League, where they lost to Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk (2–1 aggregate), quarter-finals in 2018–19 against Arsenal (eliminated on penalties after 0–0 aggregate), and earlier round of 32 exits in multiple seasons including 2010–11, 2012–13, and 2015–16. Napoli's most successful European campaign in this period came in the 2022–23 Champions League, where they topped Group A with victories including 4–1 over Liverpool at home and 6–1 against Ajax away, advancing with seven wins, one draw, and two losses overall. They progressed past Eintracht Frankfurt in the round of 16 (5–1 aggregate: 2–0 home, 3–1 away) before elimination in the quarter-finals by AC Milan (0–1 aggregate: 0–1 home, 1–1 away). These efforts, often balancing domestic pressures, highlighted defensive solidity under managers like Maurizio Sarri and Gennaro Gattuso, with players such as Dries Mertens contributing 17 Champions League goals for the club. Despite consistent qualification through strong Serie A finishes, Napoli had not advanced beyond quarter-finals in major European competitions since their 1989 UEFA Cup triumph. The 2022–23 season marked Napoli's breakthrough domestically under manager Luciano Spalletti, appointed in July 2021, culminating in their third Serie A title and first Scudetto since 1989–90. They clinched the title on May 4, 2023, following a 1–1 draw at Udinese, with five matches remaining, amassing a record 90 points from 28 wins, six draws, and four losses. Napoli scored 77 goals while conceding just 28, leading the league in both attack and defense, powered by Victor Osimhen's 26 goals, Khvicha Kvaratskhelia's 12 goals and 10 assists, and contributions from Giovanni Di Lorenzo and Stanislav Lobotka in midfield. Key victories included a 5–1 home win over Juventus in January, which extended their lead to nine points, and an unbeaten run through the first half of the season. This triumph ended a 33-year Serie A drought, fueled by strategic signings like Osimhen for €75 million in 2020 and Kvaratskhelia in 2022, alongside tactical discipline that yielded the highest points total among Europe's top-five league champions that year. The success contrasted with prior near-misses, such as second-place finishes in 2015–16, 2017–18, and 2019–20, and validated Spalletti's high-pressing system amid European commitments. Celebrations in Naples evoked the Maradona era, with the Scudetto trophy lifted on June 4, 2023, before a home crowd.

Post-2023 challenges and 2025-26 season

Following their 2022-23 Serie A title, SSC Napoli experienced a severe downturn in the 2023-24 season, marked by managerial instability and poor on-field results. Luciano Spalletti departed after the triumph, leading to the appointment of Rudi Garcia, who was sacked in November 2023 after a dismal start that included only seven wins in the first 14 league matches. Walter Mazzarri then took over as interim coach but was dismissed in February 2024, with Francesco Calzona serving briefly until the season's end; this churn contributed to Napoli finishing 10th in Serie A with 53 points from 13 wins, 14 draws, and 11 losses, their worst title defense in the three-points-per-win era, 39 points behind champions Inter Milan. The club also exited the UEFA Champions League in the round of 16 against Barcelona and reached only the Coppa Italia round of 16, exacerbated by defensive frailties, underperforming stars like Victor Osimhen (15 league goals amid contract disputes), and recruitment missteps such as high-profile signings failing to gel. The appointment of Antonio Conte as head coach in summer 2024 initiated a rapid turnaround for the 2024-25 campaign, culminating in Napoli reclaiming the Serie A title with 82 points from 24 wins, 10 draws, and 4 losses. Conte's implementation of a disciplined 3-4-3 system, bolstered by strategic signings including Scott McTominay and reinforcements in defense, addressed prior weaknesses; the team led the league by matchday 22, three points ahead of Inter and seven ahead of Atalanta, securing the Scudetto despite challenges like integrating new talent and Conte's public acknowledgment of Napoli's inherent difficulties in sustaining success. This marked their fourth league title and first back-to-back since the Maradona era, with Conte crediting the squad's resilience after an "extraordinary campaign." Financially, the club navigated player sales and loans—such as Osimhen's ongoing saga—but maintained competitiveness without bankruptcy risks, though critics noted reliance on high-wage imports from the Premier League. Entering the 2025-26 season as defending champions, Napoli faced early integration hurdles under Conte, who signed nine new players including Noa Lang and potentially Rasmus Højlund alternatives, leading to admitted chemistry issues and a "tough season" outlook. The campaign began with a 2-0 win over Sassuolo on August 23, 2025, but recovered to sit third after nine matches with 15 points from five wins, no draws, and two losses as of late October, including strong home form (three wins, no losses). Conte has adhered to his tactical blueprint despite criticisms, warning against mid-season shifts, while player frustrations surfaced—such as Lang's limited minutes and single conversation with the coach—amid Champions League commitments. The club confirmed Conte's retention post-title, emphasizing squad rebuilding to defend the Scudetto against rivals like Inter, with Napoli winning a pivotal clash against them on October 25, 2025.

Governance and Management

Ownership and presidents

Aurelio De Laurentiis has served as president of SSC Napoli since 6 September 2004, when he acquired the club's sporting rights following its bankruptcy declaration on 1 August 2004 amid accumulated debts exceeding €80 million. De Laurentiis, an Italian film producer, refounded the entity as Napoli Soccer in Serie C1, investing approximately €10 million to settle immediate liabilities and restart operations. Under his leadership, the club secured promotion to Serie B in the 2005–06 season and to Serie A the following year, with the original SSC Napoli denomination restored on 1 July 2006. De Laurentiis maintains controlling ownership through his production company Filmauro S.r.l., which holds the majority stake, enabling financial restructuring and infrastructure investments despite periodic controversies over management decisions and fan relations. Prior ownership periods reflected cycles of local business influence and political ties, often tied to Neapolitan industrialists or shipowners, with frequent changes due to economic pressures and performance slumps. The club's founding president, Giorgio Ascarelli, an industrialist, guided the merger forming Associazione Calcio Napoli in 1926 but died in office in 1927. Achille Lauro, a shipping magnate and mayor of Naples, held multiple terms from 1936 to 1940 and 1952 to 1954, using the club to bolster local popularity amid post-war recovery. Corrado Ferlaino, a construction entrepreneur, dominated the presidency across three stints (1969–1971, 1972–1983, 1983–1993), overseeing the Maradona-led successes including two Scudetti, though his tenure ended amid mounting debts from stadium projects and transfer spending. Subsequent presidents like Ellenio Gallo (1993–1995) and Giorgio Corbelli (2000–2002) presided over relegations and administrative instability, culminating in the 2004 collapse.
NameTenure
Giorgio Ascarelli1926–1927
Gustavo Zinzaro1927–1928
Giovanni Maresca1928–1929
Giorgio Ascarelli1929–1930
Giovanni Maresca, Eugenio Coppola1930–1932
Vincenzo Savarese1932–1936
Achille Lauro1936–1940
Gaetano Del Pezzo1941
Tommaso Leonetti1942–1943
Luigi Piscitelli1941–1943
Annibale Fienga1943–1945
Vincenzo Savarese1945–1946
Pasquale Russo1946–1948
Egidio Musollino1948–1951
Alfonso Cuomo1951–1952
Achille Lauro1952–1954
Alfonso Cuomo1954–1963
Luigi Scuotto1963–1964
Roberto Fiore1964–1967
Gioacchino Lauro1967–1968
Antonio Corcione1968–1969
Corrado Ferlaino1969–1971
Ettore Sacchi1971–1972
Corrado Ferlaino1972–1983
Marino Brancaccio1983
Corrado Ferlaino1983–1993
Ellenio F. Gallo1993–1995
Vincenzo Schiano di Colella1995–1996
Gian Marco Innocenti1997–1998
Federico Scalingi1999–2000
Giorgio Corbelli2000–2002
Salvatore Naldi2002–2004
Aurelio De Laurentiis2004–present

Managers and coaching history

SSC Napoli's managerial history began with the club's founding in 1926, initially under local coaches before Englishman William Garbutt introduced professional training methods during his tenure from July 1929 to June 1935. Post-World War II development featured figures like Bruno Pesaola, who managed multiple stints including 1964–1968 and secured promotion to Serie A in the 1964–65 season. The 1970s and 1980s saw varied leadership, with Luís Vinício coaching from 1973–1976 and 1978–1980, contributing to stability amid regional rivalry. The peak of the Diego Maradona era occurred under Ottavio Bianchi, who managed from July 1985 to June 1989 and delivered the club's first Serie A title in 1986–87, along with the Coppa Italia in 1987. Following financial decline and reformation in 2004, Edoardo Reja's tenure from January 2005 to March 2009 engineered promotions from Serie C1 to Serie A through successive playoff victories. Walter Mazzarri then led from October 2009 to May 2013, achieving three consecutive UEFA Europa League qualifications and fostering defensive solidity.
ManagerTenureKey Achievements
Rafael BenítezJuly 2013 – June 2015Coppa Italia winner (2014); UEFA Europa League semifinalist (2015)
Maurizio SarriJuly 2015 – July 2018Record 91 points in Serie A (2017–18); two Coppa Italia finals
Carlo AncelottiJuly 2018 – December 2019Consistent top-four finishes; UEFA Champions League quarterfinals (2019)
Gennaro GattusoDecember 2019 – June 2021Coppa Italia winner (2020); Europa League quarterfinals despite COVID disruptions
Luciano SpallettiJuly 2021 – June 2023Serie A title (2022–23, third in club history); ended 33-year drought
Rudi GarcíaJuly 2023 – November 2023Early season struggles leading to sacking after poor start
Walter Mazzarri (second stint)November 2023 – February 2024Interim stabilization but eventual dismissal amid mid-table form
Francesco CalzonaFebruary 2024 – June 2024Temporary role guiding team to Europa League qualification
Antonio ConteJune 2024 – present (contract to June 2027)Serie A title (2024–25); defensive restructuring in 2025–26 season
Coaching staffs have evolved to emphasize tactical innovation, with modern eras prioritizing data-driven analytics and youth integration, though frequent changes reflect ownership's demand for immediate results under Aurelio De Laurentiis. Instability in 2023–24, marked by three managerial shifts, contrasted with Conte's longer-term vision focused on squad discipline and counter-attacking efficiency.

Stadium and Facilities

Stadio Diego Armando Maradona

The Stadio Diego Armando Maradona, located in the Fuorigrotta district of Naples, serves as the home ground for SSC Napoli. Originally constructed between 1958 and 1959, it opened on 6 December 1959 as Stadio del Sole with an initial capacity of around 90,000 standing spectators. In 1963, the venue was renamed Stadio San Paolo, referencing the biblical Saint Paul's reputed passage through the area during his journey to Rome. The stadium underwent a significant renaming on 4 December 2020 to Stadio Diego Armando Maradona, honoring the Argentine footballer who led Napoli to two Serie A titles in the 1980s and died earlier that month at age 60; the change was unanimously approved by the Naples city council. Major renovations have shaped the stadium's modern configuration, including upgrades in 1980 for the UEFA European Championship, further expansions for the 1990 FIFA World Cup, and improvements between 2018 and 2020 to meet UEFA Euro 2020 standards, which reduced standing areas in favor of all-seater configuration. These works addressed safety and accessibility, installing new seating, lighting, and video screens while preserving the iconic concrete bowl structure. The current capacity stands at 54,726 seats, making it the fourth-largest football stadium in Italy. The stadium has hosted numerous high-profile events beyond Napoli matches, including six matches at the 1990 World Cup (three group stage, two round of 16, and one semi-final) and concerts by artists such as Pink Floyd and U2. Its record attendance was 112,365 on 22 April 1984 during a Coppa Italia semi-final between Napoli and Hellas Verona, though pre-renovation standing terraces contributed to such figures. In recent years, maintenance issues have arisen, including safety concerns over seating in 2025, prompting inspections but no capacity changes as of October 2025. Plans to reopen the long-unused third tier, potentially boosting capacity to 76,800, were discussed in May 2025 but remain unrealized amid regulatory and funding hurdles.

Training and youth facilities

The primary training facility for SSC Napoli's first team is the Centro Sportivo Castel Volturno, located at Strada Statale Domitiana km 35.3 in Castel Volturno, Campania, approximately 40 kilometers northwest of Naples. The center has served as the club's main base since its inauguration in 2006 and continues to host daily sessions as of October 2025. Facilities include multiple pitches, recovery areas equipped with saunas, jacuzzis, zero-gravity treatment bays, and a cinema room, upgraded to state-of-the-art standards by 2018 under president Aurelio De Laurentiis. SSC Napoli's youth academy, one of the largest in Europe by enrollment, primarily utilizes the Complesso Kennedy complex in Naples for training and matches, featuring an artificial turf pitch measuring 103 meters by 63 meters with a capacity of 500 spectators. Built in 1968, the venue supports the club's various age-group teams registered in FIGC youth leagues, though integration of academy graduates into the senior squad has historically been limited despite the sector's scale. Additional youth activities occur at sites like the Arena Giuseppe Piccolo in Naples. In March 2025, Napoli reached an agreement for a new 100-hectare sports center in the La Piana di Castel Volturno area, planned to include 12 pitches with dedicated sections for the first team and youth academy to address current separations and enhance development pathways. As of late 2025, construction has not commenced, with the club relying on existing infrastructure, including pre-season camps at the Carciato Sports Centre in Dimaro Folgarida, Trentino.

Squad and Personnel

Current first-team squad

As of 25 October 2025, SSC Napoli's first-team squad for the 2025–26 season comprises 28 players across goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders, and forwards, reflecting recent acquisitions including Kevin De Bruyne from Manchester City, Scott McTominay from Manchester United, and Rasmus Højlund from Manchester United to bolster the attack and midfield under manager Antonio Conte. Giovanni Di Lorenzo serves as captain, with Matteo Politano as vice-captain. The squad is detailed below:
No.Pos.PlayerNationality
Goalkeepers
1GKAlex MeretItaly
14GKNikita ContiniItaly
32GKVanja Milinković-SavićSerbia
Defenders
3DFMiguel GutiérrezSpain
4DFAlessandro BuongiornoItaly
5DFJuan JesusBrazil
13DFAmir RrahmaniKosovo
17DFMathías OliveraUruguay
22DFGiovanni Di Lorenzo (captain)Italy
30DFPasquale MazzocchiItaly
31DFSam BeukemaNetherlands
35DFLuca MarianucciItaly
37DFLeonardo SpinazzolaItaly
Midfielders
6MFBilly GilmourScotland
8MFScott McTominayScotland
11MFKevin De BruyneBelgium
20MFEljif ElmasNorth Macedonia
26MFAntonio VergaraItaly
68MFStanislav LobotkaSlovakia
99MFFrank AnguissaCameroon
Forwards
7FWDavid NeresBrazil
9FWRomelu LukakuBelgium
19FWRasmus HøjlundDenmark
21FWMatteo Politano (vice-captain)Italy
27FWLorenzo LuccaItaly
69FWGiuseppe AmbrosinoItaly
70FWNoa LangNetherlands

Youth system and academy

SSC Napoli's youth system, referred to as the Settore Giovanile, manages teams across age groups from under-6 to the Primavera under-19 squad, which competes in Italy's Campionato Primavera 1 league under the oversight of the Italian Football Federation (FIGC). The structure emphasizes development through regional scouting, particularly from the Campania area, with pathways to the first team via loans or promotions, though retention rates vary based on senior squad needs. The Primavera team has secured key national honors, including the Campionato Nazionale Primavera title in the 1978–79 season and the Coppa Italia Primavera in 1996–97. These achievements highlight periodic success in youth competitions, supplemented by participation in tournaments like the Torneo di Viareggio, where the squad triumphed in 1975. Prominent graduates include Lorenzo Insigne, who entered the academy in 2006 at age 15, debuted for the senior side on May 31, 2009, and went on to score 131 goals in 416 appearances before departing in 2022. Other notable products are defenders Ciro Ferrara (academy in the 1970s, 467 senior appearances), Fabio Cannavaro (1992 youth debut, 322 appearances), and Paolo Cannavaro (1990s academy, 333 appearances), alongside midfielder Antonio Juliano (1960s youth, 505 appearances) and Armando Izzo (2007 academy entry). These players demonstrate the system's capacity to nurture homegrown talent capable of Serie A-level performance, often rooted in local Neapolitan football culture. In the 2020s, the academy has continued producing prospects, with over 30 youth players highlighted for potential first-team impact as of 2023, amid efforts to enhance integration through structured loans and UEFA Youth League exposure following senior European qualifications. However, empirical data from player trajectories shows a pattern where many graduates achieve professional careers elsewhere, reflecting competitive transfer dynamics rather than systemic failure in development.

Notable former players and retired numbers

SSC Napoli has produced and hosted several legendary players who contributed significantly to its successes, particularly during its golden era in the late 1980s and more recent title wins. Diego Maradona, the Argentine forward who joined in 1984, is widely regarded as the club's greatest player; he captained Napoli to its first Serie A titles in 1986–87 and 1989–90, as well as the 1989 UEFA Cup, scoring 115 goals in 259 appearances. Marek Hamšík, the Slovak midfielder, holds the record for most appearances with 520 games and 121 goals from 2007 to 2019, providing leadership in multiple Coppa Italia triumphs. Dries Mertens, the Belgian forward active from 2013 to 2022, became Napoli's all-time leading scorer with 148 goals in 425 matches, including key contributions to the 2020 Coppa Italia win. Other standouts include Giuseppe Bruscolotti, who made 508 appearances as a defender from 1972 to 1988 and featured in the 1987 Serie A title, Lorenzo Insigne, the homegrown winger with 447 appearances and 122 goals from 2009 to 2022, and Edinson Cavani, who scored 104 goals in 138 games from 2010 to 2013, aiding three Coppa Italia victories. The club has retired the number 10 jersey in honor of Diego Maradona, a decision formalized to commemorate his transformative impact on Napoli's history, though it has occasionally appeared in non-competitive contexts like training kits. No other numbers are retired.

Identity and Culture

Colours, badge, and nicknames

The primary colours of SSC Napoli are sky blue (azzurro) and white, with the sky blue shade inspired by the waters of the Bay of Naples. Home kits traditionally consist of a sky blue shirt, white shorts, and sky blue socks, though white shorts have occasionally been replaced by sky blue for stylistic variations. The club's badge centers on a stylized "N" emblem, symbolizing Napoli and derived from Napoleonic influences, enclosed within a circular frame. Early designs from the 1920s featured a rampant horse atop a football with "ACN" lettering, evolving by the mid-20th century to a prominent "N" on a blue background accented by white and gold outlines. On July 5, 2024, SSC Napoli introduced a revamped, minimalist version of the "N" logo, removing decorative elements for a cleaner, monochromatic outline to modernize the brand identity while preserving historical essence. SSC Napoli's nicknames include Gli Azzurri ("The Blues"), reflecting the sky blue kit colour shared with Italy's national team moniker. I Partenopei ("The Parthenopeans") derives from Parthenope, the mythical siren in Greek lore who founded Naples after washing ashore, evoking the city's ancient heritage. I Ciucciarelli ("The Little Donkeys"), originating in Neapolitan dialect, stems from rivals' derision of the team's early weakness by likening them to a donkey instead of the horse featured in the club's logo—a traditional Neapolitan symbol—which supporters reclaimed as emblematic of resilience.

Symbols, anthem, and traditions

The primary symbol of SSC Napoli is its club crest, which prominently features a large stylized letter "N" enclosed within an azure blue circle, the latter evoking the waters of the Gulf of Naples. This design has formed the basis of the club's visual identity since its early years, evolving from initial variants that included a rampant horse atop a football with "ACN" lettering to more simplified iterations centered on the "N". In July 2024, SSC Napoli introduced a redesigned "Napoleonic N" as part of a new brand identity, emphasizing a bolder, globally recognizable emblem tied to Neapolitan pride. A longstanding secondary symbol is 'O Ciuccio (the donkey), originally a derogatory nickname coined by rivals to mock the club's perceived stubbornness and humble origins, but embraced by Napoli supporters as a badge of resilience and local identity. During significant matches in the club's history, particularly in the mid-20th century at Stadio San Paolo, a live donkey was occasionally brought onto the pitch as a good-luck talisman, reinforcing ties to Neapolitan folklore and the animal's representation of endurance amid adversity. The official anthem of SSC Napoli is "'Na Napoli" (also known as "Napoli Napoli"), composed and performed by Neapolitan singer Nino D'Angelo, which celebrates the city's vibrant spirit and the club's deep cultural roots; it was officially reinstated by club president Aurelio De Laurentiis for the 2023–24 season onward, played at home matches to unite fans. Supporters in the Curva A section often accompany or alternate it with traditional Neapolitan songs like "'O surdato 'nnammurato," a World War I-era ballad adapted to express unwavering loyalty to the team, sung in dialect to evoke emotional bonds between players and the fanbase. Key traditions include elaborate pre-match rituals in Naples' fan districts, where supporters gather in pubs and streets hours before kickoff to chant, wave flags, and consume local fare like pizza and Peroni beer, building communal fervor that spills into the stadium. Post-victory celebrations historically feature citywide street processions, fireworks, and spontaneous outpourings of joy, as seen after the 1987 and 2023 Serie A titles, intertwining football triumphs with Neapolitan customs of public festivity and religious-like devotion to icons like Diego Maradona. These practices underscore the club's role in local identity, where matchdays blend profane passion with quasi-sacred rites, such as tifos (choreographed displays) in the Curva honoring historical figures or volcanic motifs symbolizing Vesuvius' enduring presence.

Supporters and Rivalries

Fanbase demographics and attendance

SSC Napoli's fanbase is predominantly rooted in Naples and the surrounding Campania region, forming a core of local supporters who identify strongly with the club's representation of southern Italian identity. This regional concentration stems from the team's historical role as a symbol of Neapolitan pride amid perceptions of marginalization by northern Italy, with fans often expressing opposition to broader Italian establishment narratives. Due to waves of economic migration from Naples since the mid-20th century, significant pockets of Napoli supporters exist in northern and central Italian cities, as well as abroad in Europe, South America, and the United States, where the club estimates up to 20 million American followers as of 2019. Surveys rank Napoli among Italy's top four clubs by fanbase size and loyalty, with a reported popularity index of 58% relative to other Serie A teams. Attendance at home matches reflects this passionate support, particularly during periods of on-field success. The Stadio Diego Armando Maradona, with a capacity of 54,726, has seen average Serie A home attendances rise to 51,037 in the 2024–25 season, marking the highest sustained figures in over three decades and surpassing prior averages like 38,707 from earlier campaigns. This uptick correlates with competitive performance, including title challenges, leading to near-capacity crowds and improved occupancy rates from 70.7% to 85.8% in recent years. For context, Napoli's attendance places it fourth among Italian clubs, underscoring a fanbase that prioritizes live matchday experiences despite economic pressures in the region.

Ultras, hooliganism, and supporter incidents

SSC Napoli's ultras culture is primarily organized in the Curva A and Curva B sections of the Stadio Diego Armando Maradona, with Curva B historically hosting the more structured and prominent groups. Commandos Ultras Curva B (CUCB), founded in 1972 by Gennaro Montouri, dominated Curva B until its disbandment, after which Fedayn and Ultras Napoli emerged as the leading factions there. Curva A has featured a rotating array of groups, including Mastiffs, Vecchi Lions, and Teste Matte, often characterized by more fragmented and aggressive elements compared to Curva B's traditional choreography and chants. These ultras groups emphasize territorial displays, pyrotechnics, and opposition to club commercialization, frequently clashing with management over ticket policies and stadium regulations. Hooliganism among Napoli supporters has involved recurrent violence against rival fans, often escalating into ambushes or pitched battles. On March 15, 2023, Napoli ultras attacked Eintracht Frankfurt supporters near the Hotel Royal Continental in Naples ahead of a Champions League match, prompting clashes despite a partial fan ban. In January 2023, fighting among Napoli fans on the A1 motorway en route to a match caused significant disruption, leading the club to publicly condemn the "so-called supporters" responsible. A notable tragedy occurred on May 3, 2014, when Napoli fan Ciro Esposito was shot in the chest during pre-match clashes with Roma supporters near the Stadio Olimpico before the Coppa Italia final against Fiorentina; Esposito succumbed to his injuries on June 30, 2014, after 50 days in hospital, with the perpetrator, Roma ultra Daniele De Santis, receiving a 26-year sentence. Supporter incidents have also targeted law enforcement and led to widespread bans. Dutch authorities detained approximately 230 Napoli fans in Eindhoven on October 21, 2025, prior to a Champions League fixture against PSV, citing plans for confrontation and the group's reputation for European away violence; similar preemptive arrests numbered 105 before another away game. Following clashes at a service station, Italian authorities imposed a two-month away fan ban on both Napoli and Roma supporters starting January 14, 2023. Individual ultras have faced stadium exclusions, such as a five-year ban issued in May 2014 to one participant in violence that delayed a match. During title celebrations on May 5, 2023, against Udinese, intra-supporter brawls involving belts coincided with the fatal shooting of a Napoli fan, underscoring persistent internal and external disorder.

Key rivalries

Napoli's most prominent rivalry is with Juventus FC, a contest emblematic of Italy's north-south cultural and economic divides, with Turin representing industrial northern dominance and Naples embodying southern resilience. This fixture has produced 155 Serie A matches as of March 2024, in which Juventus secured 71 victories to Napoli's 36, alongside 48 draws. The rivalry intensified in the late 1980s during Napoli's Scudetto-winning era under Diego Maradona, when the southern club disrupted Juventus's longstanding hegemony in Italian football, fostering mutual antagonism rooted in competitive triumphs and perceived northern arrogance toward the south. The Derby del Sole pits Napoli against AS Roma, a matchup between two of Italy's premier southern and central clubs that evolved from supporter friendships in the mid-20th century into one of Serie A's fiercest grudges following violent clashes, including the fatal stabbing of a Napoli fan by Roma ultras in 1989. Since their first encounter in 1928, the teams have contested 177 matches through the 2023-24 season, with Roma holding a narrow lead of 66 wins to Napoli's 54 and 57 draws. The derby's intensity stems from regional pride and title races, as evidenced by heated 2023 encounters amid Napoli's championship push, where fan banners and pitch invasions underscored lingering hostility from the broken alliance. Regionally, Napoli contests the Derby della Campania with US Salernitana 1919, a rivalry fueled by geographic proximity within Campania province and historical animosities between Naples and Salerno, though tempered by Salernitana's frequent lower-tier status. Matches often feature supporter violence, such as the May 2023 assault on a Napoli fan and local politician by Salernitana ultras outside Stadio Diego Armando Maradona. Napoli dominated recent derbies, including a 2-1 stoppage-time victory on January 13, 2025, ending a four-match winless streak, with goals from Giacomo Raspadori and Matteo Politano against a resilient Salernitana side.

Alliances and friendships

SSC Napoli's ultras groups, primarily operating from Curva A and Curva B at Stadio Diego Armando Maradona, form gemellaggi—informal twinnings—with supporter collectives from other clubs, entailing mutual solidarity via coordinated banners, chants, and non-aggression during inter-club fixtures. The most enduring domestic gemellaggio involved Genoa CFC ultras, originating from a 2–2 draw on 9 May 1982 at Stadio San Paolo that preserved Genoa's Serie A status to Napoli's indirect benefit against rivals AC Milan. This pact featured reciprocal displays, such as Genoa's 2007 tifo welcoming "Neapolitan brothers" during a goalless match aiding both clubs' league aspirations, but terminated in April 2019 following disputes over Genoa ultras' homage to Daniele Belardinelli, a figure affiliated with Inter Milan-linked groups via a prior Varese connection. An earlier alliance with AS Roma ultras, emblematic of the "Derby del Sole" camaraderie, shaped Napoli's nascent choreo practices but fractured by the mid-1980s amid escalating tensions. Currently, Napoli supporters sustain bonds with Borussia Dortmund and Celtic FC ultras, the latter formalized around 2015 through dedicated cross-fan initiatives and shared anti-commercial ethos expressions during European ties. Other amicable ties persist with Catania, Palermo, Ancona, and Paris Saint-Germain fanbases, often grounded in regional solidarity or opposition to northern Italian dominance. These arrangements, unofficial and fluid, underscore ultras' autonomy from club directives while occasionally dissolving over ideological or incident-based rifts.

Finances and Commercial Aspects

Financial history and solvency issues

SSC Napoli's financial difficulties intensified following Diego Maradona's departure in 1991, as the club struggled with mounting debts amid declining sporting success and poor management. By 1994, Napoli had accumulated debts of approximately 50 billion lire, exacerbated by high wages and transfer costs from the Maradona era without sustained revenue to offset them. These issues contributed to multiple relegations, culminating in the club's declaration of bankruptcy on August 1, 2004, by a Naples court, with liabilities estimated at €62-64 million against minimal projected income. The bankruptcy stemmed from chronic overspending, failure to secure a Serie B license due to unpaid debts exceeding €70 million in some reports, and inability to find a viable buyer. The original entity ceased operations, but film producer Aurelio De Laurentiis acquired the club's sporting title and refounded it as Napoli Soccer in 2004, effectively starting anew in Serie C with a clean balance sheet after shedding legacy debts through the bankruptcy process. De Laurentiis invested initial capital, reported as around €32 million for assets including the title deed, enabling rapid promotion back to Serie B in 2006 and Serie A in 2007. This refounding prioritized financial prudence, focusing on player trading profits, controlled wage bills, and stadium naming rights rather than heavy infrastructure spending, which stabilized the club and avoided further insolvency risks. Under De Laurentiis's ownership since 2004, Napoli maintained zero net financial debt for over a decade, achieving consistent profitability through matchday revenues, broadcasting deals, and commercial growth, even as the club contended for titles. This period marked a departure from pre-bankruptcy mismanagement, with annual accounts showing positive equity and compliance with Italian football regulations. However, the COVID-19 pandemic prompted short-term borrowing, including a €52 million loan from UniCredit in 2021/22 to bridge revenue shortfalls from empty stadiums and deferred payments. These loans, totaling around €100 million by 2023/24 including interest, represented temporary liquidity measures rather than structural solvency threats, as repaid portions and rising revenues from the 2022/23 Serie A title—boosting income to €320 million—ensured repayment capacity without jeopardizing long-term viability. No subsequent bankruptcy proceedings or license denials have occurred, underscoring improved governance.

Revenue streams, sponsorships, and kit suppliers

SSC Napoli generates revenue through matchday sales, broadcasting rights distributions, and commercial operations encompassing sponsorships, merchandising, and licensing. In the 2023/24 fiscal year, total operating revenues reached approximately €254 million, marking a decline from the prior season's peak due to reduced European competition participation. Broadcasting revenues, the dominant stream at €142 million, derive from Serie A collective bargaining agreements and UEFA prize money, though this figure fell 12% year-over-year following an early Champions League exit. Commercial revenues, bolstered by sponsorships and product sales, rose 12% to an estimated €93 million, reflecting expanded global branding efforts post-2022/23 Scudetto win. Matchday income contributed around €28 million, sustained by average Serie A attendances exceeding 40,000 at Stadio Diego Armando Maradona, though limited by stadium capacity constraints. Player trading provides supplemental non-operating revenue, with net gains from transfers totaling €63 million in 2023/24, primarily from sales of assets like Victor Osimhen amid financial prudence under UEFA regulations. These streams have enabled solvency amid ownership investments, yielding a record €63 million after-tax profit in 2023/24 despite wage pressures from performance bonuses. MSC Cruises serves as the principal shirt sponsor since July 2023, with a multi-year deal extending through the 2025/26 season, prominently featuring the logo on the front of match kits to leverage Napoli's fanbase for maritime tourism promotion. Additional commercial partners include betting firms and local entities, contributing to the €58.6 million in sponsorship income recorded in 2022/23, which grew with international exposure. EA7 Emporio Armani has been Napoli's kit supplier since the 2021/22 season, with the partnership renewed for 2025/26 encompassing home, away, and third kits produced in Italy. The collaboration extends to training apparel and formal wear via Emporio Armani, a five-year deal signed in September 2025 emphasizing premium materials aligned with the club's "Proud to be Napoli" identity. Prior suppliers included Kappa (2015–2021) and Macron, but EA7's tenure coincides with design innovations like the 2025/26 home kit's azure-white patterning evoking Neapolitan heritage.

Achievements and Records

Domestic honours

SSC Napoli has secured the Serie A title on four occasions, during the 1986–87, 1989–90, 2022–23, and 2024–25 seasons, with the latter clinched via a 2–0 victory over Cagliari on May 23, 2025. These triumphs represent the club's primary domestic league successes, highlighted by the Diego Maradona-led eras of the late 1980s and more recent managerial impacts under coaches like Luciano Spalletti and Antonio Conte. The club has won the Coppa Italia six times, in the 1961–62, 1975–76, 1986–87, 2011–12, 2013–14, and 2019–20 seasons, often coinciding with or complementing league campaigns. Napoli has also lifted the Supercoppa Italiana three times, in 1990–91 (following the 1989–90 Serie A win), 2014–15 (after the 2013–14 Coppa Italia), and 2025–26 (following the 2024–25 Serie A win).
CompetitionTitlesSeasons Won
Serie A41986–87, 1989–90, 2022–23, 2024–25
Coppa Italia61961–62, 1975–76, 1986–87, 2011–12, 2013–14, 2019–20
Supercoppa Italiana31990–91, 2014–15, 2025–26

European and international records

SSC Napoli's most significant European achievement is winning the 1988–89 UEFA Cup, their only major continental title, achieved during the tenure of Diego Maradona. The club overcame VfB Stuttgart in the two-legged final, drawing 3–3 away on 18 April 1989 before securing a 2–1 home victory on 3 May 1989, with goals from Careca and Andrea Carnevale clinching the aggregate 5–4 win. This success followed progression through the knockout stages, including a semi-final elimination of Bayern Munich on away goals after a 2–2 aggregate (2–0 home win in the first leg on 5 April 1989, followed by a 0–2 away loss). In the UEFA Champions League (formerly European Cup), Napoli have qualified for the group stage on nine occasions since their debut in the 1990–91 season, where they advanced to the second round before elimination by Spartak Moscow. Their deepest runs came in reaching the round of 16 four times: in 2011–12 (lost 1–5 aggregate to Chelsea), 2016–17 (lost 3–8 aggregate to Real Madrid), and 2022–23 (lost 0–2 aggregate to Milan after topping their group unbeaten). The club has recorded 31 wins, 15 draws, and 21 defeats across 67 Champions League matches, scoring 116 goals and conceding 92. Beyond the UEFA Cup triumph, Napoli's UEFA Europa League campaigns have yielded quarter-final appearances, most recently in 2018–19 when they fell to Arsenal (0–0 home, 0–1 away). Earlier highlights include a round-of-16 exit to Dnipro in 2014–15. In total European competitions, Napoli have competed in 136 matches, achieving a win percentage below 50%, with no further progression beyond the Champions League round of 16 or Europa League quarter-finals. Dries Mertens remains the club's all-time leading European scorer with 28 goals across UEFA tournaments. Napoli hold no major intercontinental records, having never qualified for the FIFA Club World Cup or equivalent due to the absence of a Champions League title. Minor international successes include the 1976 Anglo-Italian League Cup win against Southampton, but this predates modern UEFA governance and lacks equivalent prestige. Recent seasons, such as the 2025–26 Champions League, have seen struggles, including a 6–2 group-stage defeat to PSV Eindhoven on 21 October 2025, underscoring ongoing challenges in sustaining elite European consistency.

Statistical milestones and club records

SSC Napoli holds several notable statistical records in Italian and European football. Dries Mertens is the club's all-time leading goalscorer with 148 goals across all competitions during his tenure from 2013 to 2022. Marek Hamšík holds the record for most appearances, with 520 matches played between 2007 and 2019.
CategoryRecord HolderStatisticPeriod
Most goals (all competitions)Dries Mertens1482013–2022
Most league goalsDries Mertens113 (Serie A)2013–2022
Most appearancesMarek Hamšík5202007–2019
Most Serie A goals in a season (player)Gonzalo Higuaín362015–16
The club achieved its longest winning streak of 13 consecutive victories, spanning the end of the 2016–17 season and the start of the 2017–18 season across all competitions. In the 2022–23 Serie A season, Napoli set a club record with 90 points, the highest total among teams in Europe's top five leagues that year. That same campaign, they established a European record for the most headers scored in a Serie A season with 17. Napoli's highest recorded attendance occurred on 15 December 1974, with over 90,000 spectators for a home match, though exact figures vary slightly across reports; modern capacities at Stadio Diego Armando Maradona limit attendances to around 54,000, as seen in high-demand fixtures like the 2025 clash against Inter Milan. The club has maintained strong average attendances, ranking among Serie A's leaders, with 45,617 as the global average in 2023.

Controversies

Financial scandals and investigations

In 2020, SSC Napoli faced scrutiny from Italian prosecutors over the €70 million transfer of striker Victor Osimhen from Lille, with allegations of false accounting through the inflation of values for lesser-known players exchanged in the deal to mask the true cost. The Rome Prosecutor's Office reopened the inquiry in 2025, focusing on claims that Napoli and Lille structured side transactions to circumvent financial limits, including internal communications advising to "leave no traces in emails." On February 19, 2025, prosecutors requested that Napoli and owner Aurelio De Laurentiis stand trial for these irregularities spanning the 2019–2021 financial years, though Napoli's legal team maintained no unlawful scheme was evident and expressed astonishment at leaked investigation files in October 2025. A related probe targeted the 2019 acquisition of defender Kostas Manolas from Roma for €36 million, where De Laurentiis was accused of false accounting by misrepresenting financial obligations to improve the club's balance sheet. The investigation, initiated by the Rome Prosecutor's Office, alleged manipulation of deferred payments and accounting entries, leading to charges against Napoli's management; tax fraud allegations were dropped, but false accounting persisted as of November 2024. De Laurentiis denied the accusations, asserting transparency in dealings with authorities. These cases echo broader Italian football patterns of inflated transfer valuations, as seen in the 2004–2010 Caso Plusvalenze scandal, though Napoli's specific liabilities under De Laurentiis ownership have not resulted in sporting penalties like points deductions as of 2025, despite federal court reviews in 2022. No convictions have been secured, and the club continues operations amid ongoing judicial proceedings.

Match-fixing and doping allegations

In October 2012, SSC Napoli faced charges from the Italian Football Federation (FIGC) over alleged match-fixing in their Serie A fixture against Sampdoria on May 16, 2010, the final day of the 2009-10 season. The club's former goalkeeper Matteo Gianello, who was on the bench for the match, confessed to attempting to arrange a favorable outcome by contacting individuals involved in betting, though Napoli as a club denied direct involvement and emphasized that Gianello acted independently. Defenders Paolo Cannavaro and Gianluca Grava were also charged for failing to report knowledge of the approach, despite not participating in the alleged scheme. UEFA issued a warning to Napoli for the incident but imposed no additional sanctions beyond monitoring. On December 18, 2012, the FIGC disciplinary committee penalized Napoli with a two-point deduction in Serie A standings and a €70,000 fine, primarily for the club's failure to report the suspicious contacts promptly, rather than for orchestrating the fix itself. Napoli appealed the decision, maintaining their innocence and arguing that internal investigations had not uncovered evidence of wrongdoing by club officials. The appeal tribunal overturned the points deduction on January 17, 2013, restoring Napoli's standings, though the fine remained in place; the ruling cited insufficient evidence linking the club directly to the attempted manipulation. Individual player sanctions followed separately, with Gianello receiving a four-year ban from football activities, while Cannavaro and Grava avoided suspensions after cooperating with investigators. Regarding doping, the most prominent case involving Napoli occurred in March 1991, when star forward Diego Maradona tested positive for cocaine following a Serie A match against Lazio. Maradona, who had led Napoli to two Serie A titles in the late 1980s, was suspended for 15 months by the Italian Anti-Doping Commission, effectively ending his tenure with the club; Napoli staff and Maradona himself alleged the test was part of a targeted vendetta linked to his earlier World Cup positive for ephedrine in 1994, though no evidence supported club-wide complicity. The substance was recreational rather than performance-enhancing, and no other Napoli players faced verified doping violations during this era, despite broader Serie A scrutiny of substance use in the 1990s. Subsequent investigations into Italian football doping, including the late-1990s trials, did not implicate Napoli in systemic practices, distinguishing it from clubs like Juventus that faced more extensive probes. No major doping allegations have surfaced against Napoli players or staff in the 21st century. SSC Napoli supporters, particularly members of the ultras groups in Curva A and Curva B at the Stadio Diego Armando Maradona, have been involved in numerous violent incidents, often clashing with rival fans and police. These events include large-scale brawls, use of weapons such as belts, bats, and flares, and disruptions to public order. A notable escalation occurred on May 3, 2014, prior to the Coppa Italia final against Fiorentina in Rome, where clashes between Napoli and Roma supporters resulted in three Napoli fans being shot, including Ciro Esposito, who succumbed to his injuries on June 30, 2014. Napoli ultra leader Gennaro De Tommaso was later placed under house arrest for his role in inciting the violence, as evidenced by CCTV footage showing him leading a group of approximately 100 supporters. Further violence marked the December 26, 2018, Serie A match between Inter Milan and Napoli, where clashes outside San Siro Stadium led to the death of Inter fan Daniele Belingheri after he was struck by a van amid the chaos; six Inter supporters received prison sentences for their involvement in the preceding fights. In March 2023, ahead of a Champions League tie with Eintracht Frankfurt, hundreds of Frankfurt fans clashed with Napoli ultras and riot police in Naples, resulting in five Napoli and three Frankfurt arrests, vehicles set ablaze, and the expulsion of 470 German supporters from Italy. Similar disturbances have occurred in other fixtures, such as motorway fights before a January 2023 away game and pre-match brawls with Sporting CP fans in October 2025. The club has faced fines, including 20,000 euros in November 2014 for a fan banner promoting violence during a win over Roma. Links between Napoli ultras and organized crime, specifically the Camorra syndicates prevalent in Naples, have been alleged in investigations and reports, though direct club infiltration remains unproven. Italian authorities have accused Camorra elements of orchestrating fan violence to assert territorial control, as noted in warnings to visiting supporters and parliamentary inquiries. A 2017 Italian Parliamentary Anti-Mafia Commission report highlighted symbiotic relationships between ultras groups nationwide, including Napoli's, and mafia organizations, where criminals provide logistics or protection in exchange for fan mobilization during clashes or illicit activities like ticket scalping. Specific cases include a 2014 Camorra-linked hooligan arrested in a drug trafficking bust tied to Italian Cup events, and probes into 2011 armed robberies targeting Napoli players, suspected as mafia intimidation tactics. However, a 2017 investigation alleging mafia ties in a Napoli ticketing scandal involving players was dropped for lack of evidence. These connections reflect broader patterns in Italian football, where ultras serve as recruitment grounds for crime networks amid socioeconomic pressures in areas like Naples, but claims require scrutiny given occasional prosecutorial overreach.

References

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