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Solus (operating system)
Solus (operating system)
Solus (operating system)
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Solus
Solus 4.3 with Budgie desktop
DeveloperIkey Doherty, Joshua Strobl, Joey Riches, Reilly Brogan and Rune Morling et al
OS familyLinux (Unix-like)
Source modelOpen source
Initial releaseDecember 27, 2015; 9 years ago (2015-12-27)
Latest release4.7[1] / 26 January 2025; 9 months ago (26 January 2025)
Marketing targetDesktop
Available inmultilingual
Update methodRolling release
Package managereopkg
Supported platformsAMD64
Kernel typeMonolithic (Linux)
UserlandGNU
Default
user interface		Budgie, GNOME, Plasma, Xfce
LicenseFree software licenses
(mainly GPLv2 and Apache License)
Official websitegetsol.us

Solus (previously known as Evolve OS) is an independently developed operating system for the x86-64 architecture[2] based on the Linux kernel and a choice of Budgie, GNOME, KDE Plasma or Xfce as the desktop environment.[2] Its package manager, eopkg, is based on the PiSi package management system from Pardus Linux,[3] and it has a semi-rolling release model, with new package updates landing in the stable repository every Friday.[4] The developers of Solus have stated that Solus was intended exclusively for use on personal computers and will not include software that is only useful in enterprise or server environments.[5]

History

[edit]

On September 20, 2015, Ikey Doherty announced that "Solus 1.0 will be codenamed Shannon, after the River Shannon in Ireland", indicating that "codenames for releases will continue this theme, using Irish rivers."[6]

In July 2016, Solus announced the intention to discard the concept of fixed point releases and to embrace a rolling release model.[7]

In January 2017, Doherty announced that Solus will adopt Flatpak to reassemble third party applications.[8] In August, Doherty announced that Solus also will adopt "Snaps" (next to Flatpak).[9]

On June 13 the same year, it was announced that the developer team had been expanded with Stefan Ric, and Ikey Doherty – previously working for Intel on Clear Linux OS – started working full-time on Solus.[10]

On November 2, 2018, technology website Phoronix published an open letter from original founder Ikey Doherty confirming that he was stepping back from the project, assigning "any and all intellectual, naming and branding rights relating to the ownership of Solus" to the development team "with immediate and permanent effect, acknowledging them as the official owners and leadership of the project."[11]

On January 1, 2022, experience lead Josh Strobl announced his resignation from Solus, after 6 years of involvement with the project.[12] The Budgie desktop environment, originally created as a project internal to Solus, would be split out of Solus and developed independently under Strobl's newly founded Buddies of Budgie organization.

In January 2023,[13] Solus infrastructure suffered an outage which lasted until April 2023. This outage brought down their website, forums, and development platform required to update the system. Their website was restored by moving it from internal infrastructure to GitHub Pages on February 27, 2023.[14] On April 16, in a post on Reddit entitled "Righting the ship", Josh Strobl announced a series of measures aimed at restoring order to the project.[15] This was followed by a blog post "A New Voyage" which provided more detail about the new personnel, and announced the intention to explore re-basing Solus on Serpent OS.[16] Their development infrastructure and forums were restored alongside that announcement[17] and build infrastructure on April 20.[18]

Releases and reception

[edit]

Point releases

[edit]

Solus 1.0 "Shannon" was released December 27, 2015.[19] Jessie Smith reviewed the release as part of a feature story in DistroWatch Weekly, a weekly opinion column and summary of events from the distribution world. While he "ran into a number of minor annoyances"[20] such as "Solus panicking and shutting itself down",[20] he concluded that "Solus 1.0 represents a decent start".[20]

Solus 1.1 was released February 2, 2016.[21][22] HecticGeek blogger Gayan has described Solus 1.1 as a "well optimized operating system",[23] praising significantly faster boot and shutdown times than Ubuntu 15.10. Due to several usability challenges encountered, he recommended to wait another year before trying it out again.[23]

Solus 1.2 was released on June 20, 2016.[24][25] Michael Huff has described Solus in his review 'Finding Solace in Solus Linux' as a unique and original project for "those who've been reluctant to travel the Linux galaxy".[26]

Solus 1.2.0.5 was released on September 7, 2016.[27] Michael Huff, a programmer and data analyst, wrote in his second review of Solus in Freedom Penguin that "we finally have the power and ease-of-use of a Mac in a Linux distribution" and "that the only people who need to use Solus are those who value their happiness in computing", praising the operating system as only one of few independent projects assured of "a tight cult following with the potential for mass appeal."[28]

Solus 1.2.1 was released on October 19, 2016. This is the last fixed point release of Solus and all future releases will be based on the snapshot model (the OS is now following the rolling-release model).[29]

Rolling releases

[edit]

Solus is considered a curated rolling release. It is a rolling release in the sense that once installed, end-users are guaranteed to continuously receive security and software updates for their Solus installation. Updates become available every Friday.

Solus 2017.01.01.0, a snapshot following the recently adopted rolling release model, was released on January 1, 2017.[30][31]

Solus 2017.04.18.0, was released on April 18, 2017.[32][33]

Solus 3 was released on August 15, 2017.[34][35][36]

Solus 3.9999 (Solus 3 ISO Refresh) was released on September 20, 2018.[37]

Solus 4.0 "Fortitude" was released on March 17, 2019. Announcing the release, Solus Experience Lead, Joshua Strobl stated that Solus 4.0 delivered "a brand new Budgie experience, updated sets of default applications and theming, and hardware enablement".[38]

Solus 4.1 was released on January 25, 2020.[39]

Solus 4.2 was released on February 3, 2021.[40]

Solus 4.3 was released on July 11, 2021.[41]

Solus 4.4 "Harmony" was released on July 8, 2023.[42]

Solus 4.5 "Resilience" was released on January 8, 2024, and included the new Calamares installer, PipeWire as a replacement for PulseAudio, and a version using the Xfce desktop environment.[43][44]

Solus 4.6 "Convergence" was released on October 14, 2024.[45]

Solus 4.7 "Endurance" was released on January 26, 2025.[46]

Editions

[edit]

Solus is available in four editions:

  • Budgie edition,[47] "A feature-rich, luxurious desktop using the most modern technologies";[2]
  • GNOME edition, "A simple, streamlined desktop for more modern hardware.";[2]
  • Xfce edition, " A lightweight desktop that aims to be fast while still being friendly";[2]
  • KDE Plasma edition, "a sophisticated desktop experience for the tinkerers".[48]

Budgie

[edit]

Ikey Doherty stated that, regarding Budgie, he "wanted something that was a modern take on the traditional desktop, but not too traditional",[citation needed] aiming to keep a balance between aesthetics and functionality.

Technical Steering Team

[edit]

This group is responsible for researching, guiding and influencing matters of technical development in the larger arc of evolution for Solus. The overarching goal is to ensure that Solus remains relevant in a constantly changing computing landscape. As part of its responsibility, it will carefully listen to input from the community and the various stakeholders in Solus.

This group consists of Ikey Doherty, Joshua Strobl, Joey Riches, Reilly Brogan and Rune Morling.[16]

Features

[edit]

Curated rolling release

[edit]

Solus brings updates to its users by means of a curated rolling release model. It is a rolling release in the sense that once installed, end-users were guaranteed to continuously receive security and software updates for their Solus installation without having to worry that their operating system will reach end-of-life. The latter is typically the case with fixed point releases of operating systems such as Fedora and Ubuntu but also Microsoft Windows. Marius Nestor at Softpedia has argued that all operating systems should use the rolling release model in order to decrease development and maintenance workload for developers and to make the latest technologies available for end users as soon as these are ready for the market.[49]

Compared to other rolling release operating systems such as Arch Linux - which provides bleeding edge software, i.e. software so new that there is a relatively high risk that software breakages might occur and render the system partially or completely unusable, Solus took a slightly more conservative approach to software updates, hence the term curated rolling release. In contrast to Arch, Software on Solus was commonly referred to as cutting edge, typically excluding beta software, and was released after a short period of testing (in the unstable software repository) to end users in order to provide a safer, more stable and reliable update experience. By prioritizing usability (curated rolling release) over availability (pure rolling release), Solus intends to make the operating system accessible to a wider target market than Arch Linux, which is mainly aimed at more advanced users possessing in-depth technical knowledge about their system.

Solus is also a curated rolling release in allowing its users to participate in the actual curation process, broadly conceived as the process by which software is selected, maintained and updated (on the server side in the software repositories of the operating system as well as on the client side on the end users computer system). More specifically, and contrary to other operating systems with various 'enforced update mechanisms', a Solus user has the freedom to choose what gets updated and when updates are applied (if at all), except for mandatory security updates.

Software availability

[edit]

Solus comes pre-installed with a wide range of software that includes the latest Firefox, Thunderbird, LibreOffice, Transmission and Celluloid. Additional software that was not installed by default is able to be downloaded using the included Software Center. Wireless chips and modems were supported through optional non-free firmware packages.

Package management is done through eopkg.[50] Michael Huff has quoted project founder and lead developer Ikey Doherty that Solus will not be defined by its package manager.[26] In a previous interview with Gavin Thomas from Gadget Daily on February 8, 2016, Doherty stated that as an end user the goal is to actually not interact with the package manager, sharply outlining the project's direction in terms of user experience.[citation needed] According to Doherty, the goal is "to actually get rid of it, so the user doesn't even know about it."[citation needed] In Solus, the package manager is not intended to be used as a tool to deploy but to build software,[citation needed] distinguishing it from less beginner-friendly practices on other Linux-based operating systems.

Software developed by Solus

[edit]
  • eopkg: (Evolve OS Package) a fork of the PiSi package manager.[51]
  • ypkg: a tool to convert the build process into a packaging operation.[52]
  • linux-steam-integration: Linux Steam Integration is a helper system to make the Steam Client and Steam games run better on Linux. In a nutshell, LSI automatically applies various workarounds to get games working, and fixes long standing bugs in both games and the client.
  • usysconf: usysconf is a stateless binary to provide a centralised configuration system to replace "package hooks" and post-installation triggers.
  • ferryd: the binary repository manager for Solus.
  • Software Center: a graphical frontend to install software in Solus.[53]
  • Brisk Menu: a menu co-written with the Ubuntu MATE development team. [54]

Software previously developed by Solus

[edit]
  • Budgie desktop environment: a GTK 3 desktop that tightly integrates with the GNOME software stack, employing the underlying technology.[55] Starting with version 11, it was announced that Budgie will no longer be written in GTK, and the GNOME software stack will be fully replaced, due to unsolvable disagreements with the GNOME team.[56] In January 2022, the former Experience Lead of Solus, Joshua Strobl, announced that he would be resigning from Solus and forking Budgie Desktop into its own organization, separate from the Solus project.

Security

[edit]

In July 2015, Solus announced integration of Clear Linux patches to deprecate insecure SSL ciphers, responding to a community post on Google+ by Arjan van de Ven.[57][58]

In response to security concerns experienced by the Linux Mint project in late February 2016,[59] Solus introduced improvements by providing a global Solus GPG key on its download section.[60][61] Joshua Strobl, Communications Manager at Solus, announced the separation of official and community mirrors on the download page with official mirrors "to be regularly audited and updated"[60][61] and "daily integrity checks against every ISO mirror"[60][61] to be performed.

Within its software center, Solus contains a wide variety of dedicated security software ranging from encryption software such as VeraCrypt to anonymization tools such as Tor.

Solus integrates AppArmor instead of SELinux for restricting programs' capabilities.[62]

Popularity

[edit]

Because of user privacy, the Solus project doesn't track users so there isn't a direct and reliable way to measure popularity.

As of July 2021, the DistroWatch website, which records the frequency of page clicks on its own site, ranked Solus 13th in the 6-month page hit rankings,[63] 6th among the most popular rolling release distributions[64] and achieved an average reader-supplied review score of 8.42 out of 10.[65]

Critical reception

[edit]

Solus 3 was named one of the best Linux distributions of 2017 by OMG! Ubuntu![66]

Matt Hartley praised Solus in his overview of the best Linux-based operating systems of 2017, as "Perhaps the most interesting distro in recent years...taking a unique approach to a logical user workflow, package management and how they work with the community. I see them doing great things in the future."[67]

Forbes contributor Jason Evangelho mentioned Solus favourably a few times, with respect to gaming[68] and about the 4.0 release.[69]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Solus (operating system)

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Solus is an independent, Linux-based desktop operating system designed for ease of use and performance, featuring a curated model that delivers continuous software updates without major version upgrades. Built from scratch by a dedicated development team, it employs a forked version of the called eopkg for handling software installations and updates, supporting 64-bit x86 architectures exclusively. Originally conceived as Evolve OS in by developer Ikey Doherty, it was rebranded as Solus in 2015, with its first stable release, version 1.0 "Shannon," arriving in December of that year. The operating system emphasizes a cohesive tailored for personal computing, shipping with essential default applications such as for web browsing, Thunderbird for email, and for productivity tasks. Solus offers multiple editions to accommodate different hardware and preferences: the flagship Budgie edition for modern devices, providing a sleek and intuitive interface originally developed in-house (now maintained by the Buddies of Budgie community); and for users seeking customizable or feature-rich environments; and XFCE (beta) optimized for lower-end systems to ensure smooth performance on older hardware. Its approach ensures users receive the latest stable software versions promptly, while built-in tools like the Software Center simplify package management, and support for enables access to additional applications from third-party repositories. Development of Solus is community-driven and fully independent, avoiding reliance on upstream distributions like or , which allows for optimized curation of components including the and init system. The latest point release, version 4.7 "", was released in January 2025, focusing on stability and hardware compatibility enhancements. Notable for its graphical installer and multilingual support—including Asian languages—Solus targets a broad audience of desktop users, from benefiting from seamless integration to everyday computing enthusiasts valuing simplicity and reliability.

History

Founding and initial development

Solus was founded by Ikey Doherty, a long-time developer with prior experience contributing to projects like and leading the short-lived SolusOS distribution (a derivative from 2011 to 2013). In 2014, Doherty initiated development under the name Evolve OS, aiming to create a modern, desktop-oriented built from scratch rather than deriving from established bases like or . This shift toward independence was driven by a desire to prioritize user-friendliness, stability, and a curated software experience tailored for everyday desktop use, free from the constraints and upstream dependencies of major distributions such as or . The project emphasized a rolling-release model to deliver fresh software while maintaining reliability, reflecting Doherty's vision for a "daily driver" operating system that matched his preferences for intuitive desktop workflows. In April 2015, due to a dispute over "Evolve OS," the project was rebranded as Solus, marking its formal establishment as an independent endeavor. Doherty handled much of the early infrastructure, including the setup of the eopkg package manager—a fork of the PiSi system originally from the Turkish Pardus distribution—designed for efficient handling of binary packages and components grouped by functionality (e.g., network.web.browser for ). Initial development involved over a dozen contributors building more than 2,000 packages from source, focusing exclusively on the x86_64 architecture to optimize for modern hardware. This groundwork enabled Solus to avoid inheritance issues from parent distributions, allowing full control over integrations and updates. The project's first alpha builds emerged in mid-2014 under Evolve OS, followed by beta releases in early 2015, such as Beta 1.1 in March, which introduced early testing of core components. Solus proper debuted with its inaugural stable release, version 1.0 codenamed "Shannon" (after Ireland's longest river), on December 27, 2015, after eight months of intensive effort. This milestone featured the debut of the Budgie desktop environment, a lightweight GTK-based interface rewritten by the team for seamless integration, complete with features like the Raven notification panel and accessibility options. Accompanying it was the eopkg manager for streamlined package operations, alongside a curated set of applications including Firefox 43 and Linux kernel 4.3, all unified under a cohesive, user-centric design. The subsequent Beta release in 2016, version 1.1, refined these elements with point updates for stability and hardware support.

Major milestones and challenges

In July 2016, the Solus project announced its transition to a model, moving away from fixed point releases to provide continuous updates and better align with the distribution's focus on desktop usability. This shift was fully implemented by late 2016, with the first ISO snapshot under the new model released on , 2017, marking a significant in stabilizing the project's delivery . The initial stable release, Solus 1.0, had arrived in December 2015, but the 2017 snapshot represented the culmination of early development efforts into a sustainable update stream. The project expanded its offerings with the introduction of edition in April 2017. A major challenge emerged in 2018 when founder Ikey Doherty stepped back from active involvement due to personal circumstances, including becoming a new parent during difficult life moments, leading to a transition toward community-driven maintenance. Doherty's confirmed the handover of project rights to team, allowing Solus to continue independently under new , with Joshua Strobl and others taking prominent roles in . This period tested the project's resilience but fostered greater community participation in development. Further enhancements included integration efforts starting in 2022, enabling improved multimedia handling as an alternative to , though it became the default framework only in subsequent updates. In January 2023, Solus faced a severe outage caused by a hardware failure, disrupting package repositories, forums, and the website for nearly three months and resulting in minor . Recovery involved migrating to a multi-cloud setup on and , bolstered by contributions from the Serpent OS team, which helped restore services by April. That same month, Solus announced exploration of a potential rebase onto Serpent OS, Ikey Doherty's newer project, to incorporate advanced features like atomic updates and immutability for enhanced reliability and scalability. However, as of November 2025, this rebase has not been implemented, and official statements indicate it is not expected in the near term. Serpent OS itself was renamed to AerynOS in February 2025. Following the recovery, Solus continued its development with steady rolling updates and periodic ISO snapshots. Key post-2023 milestones included the of Solus 4.5 in January 2024, which made the default media framework; Solus 4.6 in October 2024; and Solus 4.7 in January 2025, focusing on edition updates and kernel refreshes. In July 2024, the project dropped AppArmor kernel patches to simplify maintenance. Starting in September 2024, Solus began the Usr-Merge process to align with modern filesystem hierarchies, completing it in October 2025 with the creation of compatibility symlinks. These efforts underscore the project's ongoing commitment to stability and modernization under community leadership.

Development and team

Core team and governance

Solus was founded by Ikey Doherty in 2013 as an independent project. In late 2018, Doherty announced his departure from day-to-day leadership due to personal and professional commitments, transitioning control to a core team of volunteer developers including Joshua Strobl as lead maintainer and Joey Riches as a global package maintainer. The project's is volunteer-driven, emphasizing consensus-based , transparency in operations, and collaborative oversight of development priorities, code reviews, and release planning. A dedicated staff group, expanded to 19 members by , handles key areas such as , , , and administration, with no single individual holding unilateral control over resources like billing or packaging . Expenses and funding decisions are proposed by an admin subgroup and voted on by the broader staff, with all transactions publicly disclosed to maintain accountability. Key contributors have included founder Ikey Doherty, who provided foundational vision and tooling and returned in 2023 to support the project's revival; Joshua Strobl, who served as co-lead until his resignation in 2022 to join the Serpent OS project but returned in 2023 to assist with the project's revival and infrastructure efforts; Joey Riches, focused on package maintenance; and Reilly Brogan, involved in desktop environment integration. Community leads like Tracey Clark and David Harder have supported administrative and contributor coordination. The governance model evolved in the early to incorporate paid roles funded through sponsorships and community donations via Open Collective, enabling two full-time developers and task-based compensation for complex contributions starting around . This shift supplemented the volunteer base, allowing for more consistent progress amid growing project demands. In 2023, a hardware failure caused a three-month infrastructure outage, prompting further restructuring and a renewed focus on distributed responsibilities to enhance resilience.

Development practices and tools

Solus employs as its primary system for managing all projects and software packages, enabling distributed development and collaboration across the team's repositories hosted on . Developers are required to install and tools like github-cli to facilitate management and pull request submissions. For package building, Solus utilizes SolBuild, a chroot-based system designed to create in isolated environments, ensuring consistency and security during compilation from source. This tool integrates with ypkg, a declarative build format that structures package definitions, allowing for efficient handling of dependencies and metadata without reliance on external package managers. The development process adopts a curated approach, where packages undergo manual selection and rigorous testing by maintainers to prioritize stability in the rolling release model. Contributions are submitted via GitHub pull requests, which are reviewed for quality, compatibility, and adherence to Solus standards before integration, preventing upstream issues from propagating to users. Updates follow weekly integration cycles, with sync notes published to inform the community of changes and maintain a predictable release cadence. Solus maintains independence from upstream distributions by developing its own build infrastructure and avoiding derivative structures, resulting in a unique tailored for desktop use. Kernel configurations are customized, featuring prebuilt modules for the linux-current and linux-lts variants without (DKMS), managed via the clr-boot-manager for streamlined updates and boot handling. Testing emphasizes manual verification during , where developers install and evaluate built packages for functionality, such as application launches and core features, against the unstable repository to catch regressions early. For broader validation, Solus incorporates beta phases for edition releases, allowing feedback on desktop environments like XFCE before stable rollout. While workflows support pull request automation, the primary focus remains on human-reviewed testing to uphold the distribution's stability.

Editions

Budgie edition

The Budgie edition serves as the flagship desktop environment for Solus, introduced with the release of Solus 1.0 on December 27, 2015, as the default option for users seeking a modern, cohesive experience. Originally developed by the Solus team under the leadership of Ikey Doherty, who initiated the Budgie project in 2014 during the Evolve OS era, it was crafted in close collaboration with the emerging Budgie desktop initiative to provide a , GTK-based interface tailored for everyday . This edition emphasizes simplicity and performance, positioning Solus as a user-friendly from its inception. Central to the Budgie edition are distinctive features like the sidebar, which acts as a multifunctional and quick-access panel for media controls, calendar events, and applets, enhancing without cluttering the main desktop. Users benefit from highly customizable panels that support drag-and-drop arrangement, allowing personalization of the top and bottom bars for tasks, monitors, and application launchers. The edition integrates seamlessly with Solus's visual theming, prominently featuring the Adapta theme for a consistent, adaptive appearance across applications and Budgie elements, including dark variants like Adapta-Nokto for low-light environments. In January 2022, the Budgie project spun off from Solus to become an independent, distro-agnostic effort under the Buddies of Budgie organization, prompting Solus to maintain its own focused on distribution-specific optimizations. This divergence enabled Solus to implement targeted enhancements, such as advanced Wayland session support for smoother graphics handling and reduced latency on compatible hardware, while ensuring compatibility with the broader model. The prioritizes stability and integration within Solus's , including driver support. Designed for contemporary hardware, the Budgie edition targets x86_64 architectures on modern systems, with particular optimizations for and graphics cards to deliver fluid performance in 3D acceleration and multi-monitor setups. It recommends at least 4 GB of RAM and a 64-bit processor for optimal operation, avoiding legacy hardware to focus on resource-efficient yet feature-rich usage.

GNOME edition

The GNOME edition of Solus provides a modern, streamlined desktop experience tailored for users seeking a gesture-oriented interface on contemporary hardware. Introduced in April 2017 as part of an ISO snapshot release, it integrates the desktop environment to offer a cohesive and intuitive focused on . This edition emphasizes simplicity and efficiency, distinguishing itself through curated enhancements that align with Solus's philosophy. Solus maintains the latest stable GNOME releases to ensure users benefit from ongoing upstream improvements, such as version 49.1 available in November 2025 updates. The edition ships with Solus-specific extensions to refine usability, including Dash to Dock for customizable dock placement and compatibility, Impatience for accelerated animations, and Blur my Shell for visual refinements that support seamless file navigation and workspace management. These extensions enhance file management by integrating quick-access tools within the file browser and provide robust support through configurable display handling in Settings. As of November 2025, the edition defaults to the Wayland session, with upstream deprecation of X11; users requiring X11 can install the optional gnome-session-shell-x11 package, though support will be removed in GNOME 50. Performance in the edition is optimized via upstream advancements in the Mutter compositor, including refined resource scaling and background rendering, which contribute to lower memory and CPU usage relative to unmodified setups on similar hardware. This tuning supports fluid operation on modern systems, making it ideal for users who prioritize gesture-driven —such as three-finger swipes for workspace switching—and streamlined features like overview search and dynamic tiling. Shared package repositories across Solus editions ensure consistent access to core applications without duplicating maintenance efforts.

KDE Plasma edition

The KDE Plasma edition of Solus was introduced in January 2020 as part of Solus 4.1 Fortitude, expanding the distribution's options beyond its original Budgie focus to include a fully integrated Plasma experience tailored for Solus users. This edition provides access to 's ecosystem of applications and frameworks, with Solus-specific optimizations from the outset, such as limited indexing in to reduce resource overhead while maintaining search functionality. As of November 2025, the edition features , incorporating the latest upstream enhancements for stability and performance, including improved support for variable refresh rates and HDR displays. Wayland serves as the default and only built-in session, aligning with KDE's upstream shift to prioritize this protocol for better security and modern hardware compatibility; X11 is available via optional installation of the separate plasma-x11 package for legacy applications. Solus includes custom tweaks to enhance usability, such as pre-configured alternatives to the deprecated Latte Dock—using the native Plasma panel styled as a for and plasmoid integration—along with optimizations in that leverage its efficient for smoother gaming performance compared to lighter window managers. A key strength of the KDE Plasma edition lies in its high degree of customizability, enabling users to arrange widgets, virtual desktops, and through an intuitive interface that supports scripting and theming extensions. This makes it particularly suitable for power users who require flexible workflows, such as developers or multimedia creators, without compromising on Solus's curated software stack. The edition maintains a balanced resource profile, typically utilizing around 800-1200 MB of RAM at idle on hardware, with built-in fractional scaling options to adapt to diverse display setups like HiDPI monitors. For integration with Solus's custom developments, it includes seamless support for tools like the eopkg within Discover.

Xfce edition

The Xfce edition of Solus was introduced in version 4.5, released on January 8, 2024, as a lightweight alternative to the deprecated MATE edition, targeting users with older hardware seeking efficient performance. This edition utilizes the desktop environment, initially shipping with Xfce 4.18, which was updated to version 4.20 in Solus 4.7 released on January 26, 2025. Designed for resource-constrained systems, it emphasizes simplicity and speed while maintaining a modern interface compatible with Solus's model. Key features include the Whisker Menu 2.8.0 as the primary application launcher, providing quick access to installed software with search functionality and categorization. The Thunar 4.18.6 file manager handles file operations with a clean, intuitive interface supporting thumbnails and bulk actions. The default setup features a minimal bottom panel for task management and system monitoring, paired with the Papirus icon theme and Qogir GTK theme to integrate seamlessly with Solus's visual identity. Optimizations in the Xfce edition prioritize low system resource consumption and rapid responsiveness, making it suitable for netbooks or systems with limited RAM and CPU capabilities. Boot times benefit from Solus's kernel configurations, such as uncompressed modules in the initramfs, contributing to faster startup on modest hardware. It is particularly ideal for users migrating from legacy systems like Windows XP-era machines, offering a familiar yet lightweight desktop experience without compromising on essential functionality. The edition is available for installation via Solus's eopkg repositories, allowing seamless updates alongside other components.

Features

Rolling release model

Solus adopted its rolling release model in July 2016, transitioning from fixed point releases to a continuous update system without versioned snapshots, as announced in the project's official blog. This shift enabled users to receive ongoing software improvements while maintaining a single, evergreen distribution version, with the last traditional point release occurring in October 2016. Under this model, Solus provides weekly stable updates to its primary repository, known as , typically synced every Friday from the preceding week's changes. Packages undergo a curation where they are first introduced to the Unstable repository for testing and stabilization, allowing developers to identify and resolve potential regressions before promotion. This testing phase generally spans one week, aligning with the sync cycle, ensuring that updates are vetted for compatibility across the . The curated approach distinguishes Solus from unfiltered rolling distributions like , reducing system bloat by selectively integrating upstream changes and minimizing breakage through deliberate delays. It also facilitates automatic updates for critical components, such as the , delivering security patches and performance enhancements without user intervention. This results in a balance of recency and reliability, supporting the project's "install once, update forever" philosophy for long-term system maintenance. While the model prioritizes stability, rare regressions can occur due to the continuous nature of updates, though these are infrequent owing to rigorous curation. Users mitigate such risks by employing snapshot tools like , which allow restoration to previous system states if issues arise post-update.

Package management and repositories

Solus employs the eopkg for installing, updating, and removing software, which is a of the PiSi system originally developed for the Pardus . This tool provides a for managing packages, repositories, and dependencies within the Solus ecosystem. Key commands include sudo eopkg install <package-name> for installation, sudo eopkg upgrade for system-wide updates, and eopkg info <package-name> for package details, distinguishing it from tools like APT or YUM used in other distributions. The eopkg system supports dependency resolution to ensure compatible software installations and removals without conflicts. It organizes software into repositories, with the primary stable source now being the repository, introduced on October 11, 2025, as part of an bump to enable breaking changes such as the removal of Python 2 support and updates to core components like . This transition, completed by October 24, 2025, allows for a clean reset of package versions while maintaining through automated scripts in the usysconf-epoch package. The repository focuses on curated, stable applications tested for reliability. Complementing Polaris is the Unstable repository, used for staging and testing upcoming package updates before they sync to the stable branch, primarily intended for developers and contributors. Users can enable it via sudo eopkg add-repo unstable [https](/page/HTTPS)://cdn.getsol.us/repo/unstable/eopkg-index.xml.xz, though it carries risks of instability and requires close monitoring through Solus channels. For third-party software, Solus supports additional repositories added manually with sudo eopkg add-repo <name> <url>, including integration, which allows installation of universal packages via sudo eopkg install flatpak followed by enabling the Flathub remote. This setup expands access to applications outside the native eopkg ecosystem without replacing the core management system.

Included software and custom developments

Solus provides a curated set of default applications across its editions to ensure users have essential tools immediately available without additional configuration. Core inclusions common to all editions include the web browser (utilizing the Extended Support Release for enhanced stability), the suite featuring for document editing, Calc for spreadsheets, and Impress for presentations, as well as the Thunderbird email client. These selections emphasize productivity and web access from the outset. Multimedia handling varies by desktop edition to align with each environment's ecosystem. The Budgie and GNOME editions ship with for audio playback and for video, while the KDE Plasma edition uses Elisa for music and Haruna for videos; the Xfce edition employs as a unified player. For creative tasks, tools like the image editor and are readily accessible via the repositories, often highlighted as representative extensions to the base setup. Edition-specific enhancements, such as the Budgie Welcome application in the Budgie edition, offer guided onboarding for new users, including tips on customization and software discovery. Solus incorporates custom developments to streamline system management and user interaction. The eopkg package manager, a maintained fork of the original PiSi system, powers software handling with tools supporting repository indexing and updates. In November 2025, Solseek was introduced as a terminal user interface (TUI) for eopkg, providing faster package management with integrated support for and Snap. In recent years, Solus has advanced audio infrastructure by adopting as the default multimedia framework starting with version 4.5, replacing and JACK for improved performance in areas like support. Previously, custom tools were developed for the MATE edition, including tailored desktop integrations, but these were deprecated with the release of Solus 4.4 in 2023, shifting focus to the edition. The Solus repositories host over 7,900 packages as of 2025, enabling extensive software customization through the eopkg command. To broaden application availability, Solus integrates for sandboxed installations directly via updated software centers like gnome-software and Discover. Snap support is included by default, but its planned removal was delayed in May 2025 pending potential Linux kernel improvements to for better confinement.

Releases

Point releases

Solus point releases serve as milestone snapshots that provide stable ISO images for new installations, emphasizing refreshes to desktop editions, kernel updates, and driver enhancements to ensure compatibility and across hardware. These releases capture the state of the rolling repository at key intervals, allowing users to obtain a verified, cohesive without relying solely on continuous updates. Unlike the ongoing rolling model, point releases undergo structured testing phases, typically spanning 2-3 months, including , and release candidate (RC) builds to identify and resolve issues before stable ISO availability. The Solus 4 series, codenamed Fortitude, began with version 4.0 on March 17, 2019, introducing significant updates to the Budgie desktop environment and Linux kernel 4.20 for improved hardware support, particularly for AMD users. Subsequent point releases in the series built upon this foundation, with Solus 4.1 arriving on January 25, 2020, to deliver further desktop refinements and stability improvements. In 2021, Solus 4.2 was released on February 3, followed by 4.3 on July 11, both under the Fortitude banner, focusing on desktop environment advancements like Budgie 10.5 and 40 integration, alongside kernel and Mesa graphics updates for better multimedia and gaming performance. The series continued with Solus 4.4 Harmony on July 8, 2023, which included refreshed editions such as Plasma 5.27 and a new MATE option, emphasizing harmony in software stacks. Solus 4.5 Resilience, released on January 8, 2024, marked a pivotal update by adopting the Calamares installer with support, replacing the legacy os-installer, and introducing as the default media framework for enhanced audio handling. It also added an beta edition and 5.5 for GPU acceleration in creative workloads. Later that year, Solus 4.6 Convergence on October 14, 2024, advanced desktop environments to 46, Plasma 6 with Wayland support, and Budgie 10.9, while completing the usr-merge process and updating Mesa to 24.2 for improved capabilities. The most recent point release, Solus 4.7 , launched on January 26, 2025, prioritizing edition refreshes with 47, 4.20 experimental Wayland, and a new Software Center supporting Flatpaks, alongside kernel upgrades to 6.12 and enhanced NVIDIA firmware for 4000-series GPUs. These releases maintain Solus's commitment to curated stability, with ISOs serving as entry points complemented by weekly rolling updates.
VersionCodenameRelease DateKey Highlights
4.0FortitudeMarch 17, 2019Initial Solus 4 series; Budgie updates, 4.20 kernel
4.1FortitudeJanuary 25, 2020Desktop stability enhancements
4.2FortitudeFebruary 3, 2021 and Budgie refreshes
4.3FortitudeJuly 11, 2021Multimedia and kernel improvements
4.4HarmonyJuly 8, 2023Plasma 5.27, MATE edition addition
4.5ResilienceJanuary 8, 2024Calamares installer, default, beta
4.6ConvergenceOctober 14, 2024Plasma 6 Wayland, usr-merge completion, Mesa 24.2
4.7January 26, 2025 47, 4.20, 6.12 kernel, new Software Center

Rolling release updates

Solus employs a curated model, where updates are continuously developed and tested in an unstable repository before promotion to the repository, typically on Fridays following a weekly testing cycle. This process ensures that packages receive rigorous validation, including automated and manual checks, to maintain system stability while delivering timely updates. For instance, the unstable branch allows developers to iterate on new versions, with successful builds and tests triggering synchronization to for user consumption every one to two weeks. Users can apply these updates through the graphical Solus Software Center, which provides an intuitive interface for checking and installing available packages, or via the using the eopkg with the command sudo eopkg up. The eopkg system supports delta updates, downloading only the differences between package versions to minimize bandwidth usage and accelerate the update process, particularly beneficial for users on slower connections. This approach aligns with Solus's philosophy of "install once, update forever," reducing the need for full reinstallations. Notable examples of rolling updates include the removal of Python 2 support in October 2025, which involved deprecating remaining Python 2 packages and transitioning affected software to Python 3, culminating in a full excision as part of repository cleanup efforts. Similarly, enhancements to implemented in late 2025, incorporating major upgrades to improve system initialization and service management efficiency. Community-driven improvements, such as those from the 2025 Hacktoberfest event, focused on packaging enhancements, including a collaborative "packaging race" that accelerated contributions to repository maintenance and new package integrations. In late 2025, Solus implemented an bump with the introduction of the stable repository, resetting package version numbers to facilitate major cleanups, such as legacy code removal and breaking changes that could not otherwise be applied without disrupting the rolling continuity. This transition marked a significant housekeeping milestone, enabling future updates like the completion of the /usr merge and further refinements without version conflicts. Following the epoch bump, the repository transition was completed in late October 2025. As of November 2025, the development team is preparing the next point release, Solus 4.8, with testing ongoing for a new ISO.

Security

Built-in security measures

Solus incorporates several built-in security measures to enhance system protection out of the box. One key feature is , a security module that confines programs to a limited set of resources through per-application profiles, thereby restricting potential damage from malicious or compromised software. has been enabled by default since the release of Solus 3 in August 2017, providing confinement for applications including support for Snap packages where applicable, and includes profiles for key applications such as web browsers like to mitigate risks like unauthorized file access or network operations. The Solus kernel includes hardening measures inspired by projects like Clear Linux, focusing on mitigations against common exploits. These incorporate (ASLR), which randomizes the memory addresses of key data areas to hinder attacks, and Supervisor Mode Execution Prevention (SMEP), which prevents the kernel from executing code from user-space memory pages. Such configurations are part of the default kernel build to provide robust protection without requiring user intervention. Solus also supports applications with built-in sandboxing using technologies like bubblewrap and Flatpak portals to restrict access to system resources. For data protection, Solus supports full-disk encryption using LUKS (Linux Unified Key Setup) during the installation process. Users can select the "Entire Disk" option in the installer to enable LUKS encryption, prompting for a strong passphrase (recommended at least 12 characters) to secure the root filesystem and protect against unauthorized physical access to the storage device. Additionally, anonymization tools like Tor are integrated via the software center, allowing easy installation of the Tor Browser for anonymous web browsing and traffic routing through the Tor network to obscure user identity and location. Firewall management is handled through , which is available in the repositories and configured minimally for desktop environments to balance and . By default, it uses a zone-based approach with the "public" zone active, permitting essential outgoing traffic while blocking unsolicited incoming connections, and supports backend for efficient rule processing as enabled in kernel configurations since Solus 4.4. Users can enable and customize it post-installation for further hardening.

Update and vulnerability handling

Solus employs a model that facilitates rapid patching of , enabling fixes to be integrated and distributed within days of upstream releases. For instance, kernel updates addressing recent CVEs are included in weekly package syncs to the linux-current kernel, ensuring timely remediation without requiring full overhauls. The distribution's notification relies on eopkg, its , which prompts users for available updates during routine checks, including those containing patches. Additionally, the Solus forum provides weekly update announcements that highlight -related changes, such as fixes in for recent , allowing users to stay informed and apply patches promptly. Both the unstable and stable branches of Solus receive ongoing security support, with the eopkg manager enabling backported fixes to maintain stability in older packages while incorporating upstream security enhancements. This approach ensures that vulnerabilities in maintained software are addressed without necessitating immediate upgrades to newer versions. As of October 2025, the Polaris repository serves as the new stable branch, replacing prior structures and providing dedicated vetted updates with enhanced security monitoring that maps Solus packages to Common Platform Enumerations (CPEs) for CVE detection via NIST databases.

Community and adoption

User base and popularity

Solus appeals primarily to desktop users and gaming enthusiasts who prioritize a curated, stable experience optimized for modern hardware. Its built-in support for graphics drivers from and , along with seamless integration with and Proton for running Windows games, has made it a favored choice among gamers seeking an out-of-the-box setup for entertainment and productivity. The 2022 launch of Valve's further accelerated interest in Linux-based gaming distributions like Solus, as its compatibility with SteamOS-adjacent tools and hardware contributed to broader adoption among portable gaming users. In terms of metrics, Solus peaked at 13th place in DistroWatch's 6-month Page Hit in July 2021, reflecting heightened curiosity during its active development phase. By November 2025, it ranks 41st with consistent page hits, demonstrating sustained interest despite the absence of official tracking by the project. Download statistics for Solus ISO images are not formally published, but mirrors and third-party trackers indicate steady uptake since the distribution's in 2015, underscoring its role as a niche alternative in the ecosystem. The Solus community forum features thousands of registered users engaging in discussions on installation, , and software, signaling an active but specialized user base. Overall, Solus commands a small among distributions, estimated at less than 1% of desktop users based on relative DistroWatch metrics and broader usage surveys where it appears infrequently in top-line data. This loyal following emphasizes quality over mass appeal, with growth driven by word-of-mouth in gaming and enthusiast circles rather than widespread enterprise or beginner adoption.

Support resources and community engagement

Solus provides official support through its community forum at discuss.getsol.us, where users can post questions, report issues, and engage in discussions on topics ranging from installation problems to software compatibility. The project also maintains an IRC presence on in the #solus channel, serving as a real-time venue for technical assistance and casual conversation among developers and users. Additionally, the official documentation site at help.getsol.us functions as the primary wiki-like resource, offering structured articles on system configuration, software management, and hardware integration. Troubleshooting guides within the address common issues such as failures, conflicts, and update errors, with step-by-step diagnostics using built-in tools like eopkg and system logs. Community engagement extends to events like Hacktoberfest, where Solus actively participates to encourage open-source contributions; in 2025, the project highlighted opportunities for pull requests on repositories, resulting in enhancements to scripts and desktop integrations. User-driven groups, such as the subreddit r/SolusProject, foster peer support with over 10,000 members sharing tips, custom configurations, and feedback on editions like Budgie and Plasma. The documentation portal at help.getsol.us includes comprehensive installation guides covering USB creation, partitioning, and post-install setup for all desktop editions, alongside edition-specific FAQs that detail customization options for , , and environments. Developer resources within the site provide portals for packaging guidelines, and setups, and contribution workflows, enabling third-party maintainers to build and submit software for the eopkg repositories. Solus sustains its development through a sponsorship model via Open Collective, which has funded infrastructure and personnel since 2021, including support for two full-time developers at an estimated $100,000 annually to handle rolling releases and security patches. Corporate backers like Nalo Labs contribute alongside individual patrons, with total donations exceeding $44,000 as of late 2025, enabling consistent project momentum without reliance on traditional venture funding. This model has grown the user base, as evidenced by steady contribution levels that correlate with increased adoption metrics.

Reception and future directions

Critical reception

Solus has received praise for its gaming capabilities since its early releases. In a 2019 review, highlighted the distribution's strong performance with both and graphics cards, noting seamless integration and straightforward installation via the DoFlicky tool, which delivered impressive frame rates in benchmarks like without requiring command-line intervention. The 2024 release of Solus 4.6, codenamed "Convergence," was commended for its stability enhancements, including the continued migration to a merged /usr and updates to the Linux 6.10 kernel, which improved hardware support and overall system consistency. Early versions of Solus faced criticisms for limited hardware support, particularly with bootloader configuration on systems and Bluetooth connectivity issues on certain devices like those with . A major outage in January 2023, caused by a hardware-level infrastructure failure, raised significant reliability concerns within the community, lasting until April and leading to worries about the project's amid key personnel departures. In , the introduction of the epoch was positively received for modernizing Solus by establishing a new stable repository, removing legacy Python 2 components, and facilitating upgrades like 49, which streamlined the software stack and automated migrations for users. Reviews of the Solus 4.7 "" release in 2025 emphasized its fast boot times, often described as quicker than competitors like or Mint, contributing to its appeal for everyday productivity. Overall, Solus has earned an average user rating of approximately 8/10 across distro review platforms, with frequent acclaim for its ease of use, including intuitive installation and minimal bloat that makes it accessible for .

Ongoing developments and plans

In 2025, Solus introduced significant updates to its core components, beginning with the release of version 4.7 "Endurance" on January 26, which featured a kernel refresh to 6.12.9 as the default and 6.6.70 for users, enhancing performance, hardware compatibility, and GPU support for newer 4000-series cards. This update emphasized stability and modern hardware integration across all desktop editions. Additionally, on May 5, Solus revised its policy on Snap packages, postponing their complete removal—previously announced for January—to await upstream improvements in 6.16, while strongly recommending migration to for its superior integration with desktop environments like Software and Discover, as well as broader community backing. A pivotal development occurred in October 2025 with the "epoch bump," transitioning from the Shannon stable repository to the new Polaris repository to facilitate major system overhauls. Announced on October 11, this shift enabled the full removal of Python 2 and its associated packages, including the legacy Solus Software Center, which was replaced by modern alternatives like GNOME Software and KDE Discover. The epoch bump also included systemd updates to support GNOME 49, improved virtual console management, and baselayout revisions, alongside debt cleanup efforts such as completing the /usr merge by eliminating legacy compatibility symlinks. Users could opt-in starting October 17, with automatic rollout to all stable systems by October 24; the transition was completed successfully by late October, receiving positive feedback from the community for its smooth implementation and reduced maintenance overhead. Looking ahead, Solus plans to integrate tooling from AerynOS—formerly known as Serpent OS—to further modernize its infrastructure, potentially enabling easier support for containerized applications and reducing in development processes. This integration builds on prior explorations of shared repositories and tools between the projects, aiming to enhance Solus's model with more efficient packaging and deployment options. Post-epoch efforts will focus on upcoming ISO releases and updates, such as 49, to maintain curated, user-friendly advancements, complemented by recent enhancements like the November 2025 release of Solseek 0.3.2, which adds full handling and faster performance to the terminal-based .

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