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Sound transmission class
Sound Transmission Class (STC) is an integer rating of how well a building partition attenuates airborne sound. In the US, it is widely used to rate interior partitions, ceilings, floors, doors, windows and exterior wall configurations. Outside the US, the ISO Sound Reduction Index (SRI) is used. The STC rating very roughly reflects the decibel reduction of noise that a partition can provide. The STC is useful for evaluating annoyance due to speech sounds, but not music or machinery noise as these sources contain more low frequency energy than speech.
There are many ways to improve the sound transmission class of a partition, though the two most basic principles are adding mass and increasing the overall thickness. In general, the sound transmission class of a double wythe wall (e.g. two 4-inch-thick [100 mm] block walls separated by a 2-inch [51 mm] airspace) is greater than a single wall of equivalent mass (e.g. homogeneous 8-inch [200 mm] block wall).
The STC or sound transmission class is a single number method of rating how well wall partitions reduce sound transmission. The STC provides a standardized way to compare products such as doors and windows made by competing manufacturers. A higher number indicates more effective sound insulation than a lower number. The STC is a standardized rating provided by ASTM E413 based on laboratory measurements performed in accordance with ASRM E90. ASTM E413 can also be used to determine similar ratings from field measurements performed in accordance with ASTM E336.
Sound Isolation and Sound Insulation are used interchangeably, though the term "Insulation" is preferred outside the US. The term "sound proofing" is typically avoided in architectural acoustics as it is a misnomer and connotes inaudibility.
Through research, acousticians have developed tables that pair a given STC rating with a subjective experience. The table below is used to determine the degree of sound isolation provided by typical multi-family construction. Generally, a difference of one or two STC points between similar constructions is subjectively insignificant.
Tables like the one above are highly dependent on the background noise levels in the receiving room: the louder the background noise, the greater the perceived sound isolation.
Prior to the STC rating, the sound isolation performance of a partition was measured and reported as the average transmission loss of over the frequency range 128 to 4096 Hz or 256 to 1021 Hz. This method is valuable at comparing homogeneous partitions that follow the mass law, but can be misleading when comparing complex or multi-leaf walls.
In 1961, the ASTM International Standards Organization adopted E90-61T, which served as the basis for the STC method used today. The STC standard curve is based on European studies of multi-family residential construction, and closely resembles the sound isolation performance of a 9-inch-thick (230 mm) brick wall.
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Sound transmission class
Sound Transmission Class (STC) is an integer rating of how well a building partition attenuates airborne sound. In the US, it is widely used to rate interior partitions, ceilings, floors, doors, windows and exterior wall configurations. Outside the US, the ISO Sound Reduction Index (SRI) is used. The STC rating very roughly reflects the decibel reduction of noise that a partition can provide. The STC is useful for evaluating annoyance due to speech sounds, but not music or machinery noise as these sources contain more low frequency energy than speech.
There are many ways to improve the sound transmission class of a partition, though the two most basic principles are adding mass and increasing the overall thickness. In general, the sound transmission class of a double wythe wall (e.g. two 4-inch-thick [100 mm] block walls separated by a 2-inch [51 mm] airspace) is greater than a single wall of equivalent mass (e.g. homogeneous 8-inch [200 mm] block wall).
The STC or sound transmission class is a single number method of rating how well wall partitions reduce sound transmission. The STC provides a standardized way to compare products such as doors and windows made by competing manufacturers. A higher number indicates more effective sound insulation than a lower number. The STC is a standardized rating provided by ASTM E413 based on laboratory measurements performed in accordance with ASRM E90. ASTM E413 can also be used to determine similar ratings from field measurements performed in accordance with ASTM E336.
Sound Isolation and Sound Insulation are used interchangeably, though the term "Insulation" is preferred outside the US. The term "sound proofing" is typically avoided in architectural acoustics as it is a misnomer and connotes inaudibility.
Through research, acousticians have developed tables that pair a given STC rating with a subjective experience. The table below is used to determine the degree of sound isolation provided by typical multi-family construction. Generally, a difference of one or two STC points between similar constructions is subjectively insignificant.
Tables like the one above are highly dependent on the background noise levels in the receiving room: the louder the background noise, the greater the perceived sound isolation.
Prior to the STC rating, the sound isolation performance of a partition was measured and reported as the average transmission loss of over the frequency range 128 to 4096 Hz or 256 to 1021 Hz. This method is valuable at comparing homogeneous partitions that follow the mass law, but can be misleading when comparing complex or multi-leaf walls.
In 1961, the ASTM International Standards Organization adopted E90-61T, which served as the basis for the STC method used today. The STC standard curve is based on European studies of multi-family residential construction, and closely resembles the sound isolation performance of a 9-inch-thick (230 mm) brick wall.