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Spirit of Communication
Spirit of Communication
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Spirit of Communication
ArtistEvelyn Beatrice Longman
Year1914
TypeBronze
LocationDallas, Texas

Spirit of Communication is the formal name for the statue by Evelyn Beatrice Longman originally called Genius of Telegraphy. The statue has been the symbol of AT&T (and also the former Western Electric) since their commission was completed in 1916. It is also known informally as the Golden Boy statue and formerly as Genius of Electricity.

Commissioned for 195 Broadway in New York City, the sculpture has followed AT&T to other sites in New York and New Jersey over the years. In 2009, the statue was relocated to AT&T's current corporate headquarters in downtown Dallas, Texas, U.S. As of 2022, the statue is located outside in the AT&T Discovery District in Downtown Dallas.[1]

History

[edit]

Commissioned in 1914, it was crafted by Evelyn Beatrice Longman. The work was completed in 1916 and hoisted to the roof of AT&T Corporate Headquarters at 195 Broadway in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan. The statue's design by Evelyn Beatrice Longman was selected as the winner of a competition, similar to the 1917 Bell Telephone Memorial. It became New York City's second-largest sculpture, after the Statue of Liberty.[2] The statue's original name as commissioned under the aegis of AT&T's president Theodore N. Vail was Genius of Telegraphy.[3] By that time, AT&T had spun off its telegraphy component, Western Union, and the work was renamed to Genius of Electricity.[3] In the 1928,1938, and 1941 editions of the training course Principles of Electricity applied to Telephone and Telegraph Work, it was referred to as Spirit of Electricity.[4][5]

The Spirit of Communication was used by the Bell System on telephone directories

The statue weighs more than 14.5 tonnes (16 short tons) and is 7.3 metres (24 ft) tall, with wings that extend 2.7 metres (8.9 ft) from its body. It is cast in bronze and covered with more than 12,500 pieces of gold leaf.[6]

Sometime in the mid-1930s, AT&T changed the name of the statue (and the image) to The Spirit of Communication.[3] It continued to stand atop the 195 Broadway building until the early 1980s. In 1984, AT&T moved to a new postmodern headquarters building at 550 Madison Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, designed by Philip Johnson.[7] On Johnson's suggestion, the statue was relocated to the foyer of the new location.[8]

Relocation to New Jersey

[edit]

1984 marked the end of the Bell System. The New York City headquarters building was sold to Sony in 1992 and the company relocated its headquarters to 32 Avenue of the Americas (which had no room for the statue) and many operating functions across the Hudson River and about forty miles west to a 140-acre (0.57 km2) wooded campus purchased nine years previously in Basking Ridge, New Jersey.

The statue was installed in front of the main entrance to the new building in 1992.[9] In 2002, AT&T sold its Basking Ridge property and moved eight miles (13 km) down the road to Bedminster Township bringing the statue. Those facilities had previously been the headquarters of the AT&T Long Lines division and home to the company's national network operations center.

Present owners

[edit]

In November 2005, SBC (once a wholly owned subsidiary of the AT&T Corporation—a Baby Bell) acquired AT&T. In a move designed to capitalize on the national and global name of its former parent, San Antonio, Texas-based SBC renamed itself AT&T Inc. In 2009, the new AT&T removed the statue from the Bedminster Township, New Jersey location and later installed it in the lobby of its new headquarters at the Whitacre Tower in Dallas, Texas.[2][10] The statue was moved yet again in 2019 from the Whitacre Tower to AT&T's Discovery District in Downtown Dallas.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Spirit of Communication

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
The Spirit of Communication is a monumental gilded statue sculpted by American artist Evelyn Beatrice Longman in 1916, originally titled Genius of (later renamed Genius of ), depicting a 24-foot-tall (7.3 meters) winged male figure dynamically seizing bolts amid swirling telegraph cables to symbolize the harnessing of electrical power for global communication. Commissioned through a blind competition for the headquarters of and at in , the work was cast in 24 pieces by the Roman Bronze Works using a combination of sand-casting and lost-wax techniques, weighing approximately 16 tons and engineered with internal bracing to withstand high winds atop the building's campanile. Longman, one of the first American women to achieve a major career in sculpture (1874–1954), drew inspiration from classical motifs and modern industrial themes, positioning the figure as a heroic embodiment of technological progress in and . Renamed Spirit of Communication by in 1930 and affectionately nicknamed "Golden Boy" for its gleaming patina, the statue became an enduring corporate icon, featured in branding and advertising to represent the company's mission of connecting people worldwide since its adoption as a symbol around 1914. Over the decades, it has been relocated multiple times due to corporate consolidations—from its original New York location in 1983 to , then to Basking Ridge (1992) and Bedminster (2001) in , and in 2009 to the lobby of 's in , . In 2021, it was relocated outdoors to the AT&T Discovery District, where it stands as of 2025 as a landmark of art and telecommunications history.

Overview and Description

Physical Description

The Spirit of Communication is a monumental statue depicting a male winged figure in a dynamic pose, with flowing robes draped over its form, an upward gaze, and outstretched arms. The figure holds bolts in one hand and coils of electric cables in the other, emphasizing its association with electrical innovation. Cast in , the statue stands 24 feet (7.3 meters) tall, with a of 9 feet (2.7 meters), and weighs 16 tons (14.5 tonnes). It features intricate detailing in the robes and wings, contributing to its imposing presence as a rooftop emblem originally commissioned by . The statue is covered in gilding, with over 12,500 pieces applied during refurbishments in multiple layers to protect and enhance the surface. This process, involving thin sheets of 23-karat , has been repeated over decades to maintain its lustrous appearance.

Symbolism and Artistic Intent

The Spirit of Communication statue embodies human ingenuity in harnessing for technological advancement, depicted through a dynamic male figure dynamically capturing and directing electrical forces. The figure's poised stance, rising on tiptoes with arms extended, symbolizes humanity's mastery over natural elements, transforming raw power into tools for progress. This representation aligns with early 20th-century ideals of , where was seen as a divine force elevated by human enterprise. Central motifs reinforce themes of speed and connectivity in communication. The immense spread wings evoke the rapid transmission of messages, reminiscent of the swift delivery in , while lightning bolts clutched in the figure's hands signify the powering modern networks. Coiled cables wrapping around the legs and torso illustrate the flow of energy and interconnected lines, blending organic forms with mechanical precision to highlight the fusion of and . These elements collectively portray not as chaos, but as a controlled conduit for global exchange. The artistic intent draws from , adapting figures like Mercury or Hermes—the messenger god associated with communication and swift travel—to a contemporary context of . Rather than a literal , the reimagines the "genius" of invention as a modern hero, evoking while grounding it in industrial optimism. Over time, the work's focus evolved from an emphasis on to broader themes of and universal communication, mirroring the era's enthusiasm for technological unification. The applied to the surface further enhances this ethereal quality, suggesting an almost aura of enlightenment.

Creation

Commission and Artist Background

The sculpture known today as Spirit of Communication was commissioned in 1914 by the , in collaboration with , to serve as a rooftop emblem for their new headquarters at in . Designed to symbolize AT&T's dominance in and amid its regulated monopoly status following the 1913 Kingsbury Commitment, the work was envisioned as a monumental gilded figure crowning an Ionic temple atop the 29-story building, underscoring the company's prestige in the era's expanding communications infrastructure. Evelyn Beatrice Longman (1874–1954) was the sculptor selected for this prestigious assignment, marking her as one of the first women to secure a major corporate commission for large-scale public art. Born in , Longman initially trained in before pursuing at the under Lorado Taft, completing the four-year program in just over two years. She relocated to New York in 1900 to assist , a leading Beaux-Arts sculptor, while building her reputation through allegorical works such as her Victory figure debuted at the 1904 St. Louis and the bronze doors for the U.S. (1906–1908), which demonstrated her skill in dynamic, symbolic compositions. The commission arose from a blind competition organized by the headquarters' architect, William Welles Bosworth, who sought a modern emblem of electrical communication to replace his initial proposal for a traditional seated . Eight sculptors participated—four invited and compensated for their submissions, plus four uninvited entrants—with judges unanimously favoring Longman's energetic design of a standing male figure wielding thunderbolts and telegraph cables, highlighting her prior expertise in allegorical themes. Completed in 1916 and originally titled Genius of Electricity, the 24-foot-tall encapsulated AT&T's ambitions as a leader.

Design and Construction

The design phase for the Spirit of Communication statue, originally titled Genius of Electricity, began in 1914 following Evelyn Beatrice Longman's selection through a blind competition commissioned by and . Longman developed initial sketches and a 7-foot model that emphasized dynamic motion, portraying a muscular winged male figure in mid-stride, grasping lightning bolts amid swirling cables to symbolize the intangible energy of . Iterations focused on balancing the figure's scale and proportions for optimal visibility from street level, 434 feet below the rooftop installation, resulting in an enlargement by a factor of 3.5 to reach 24 feet in height. Fabrication occurred between 1915 and 1916 at the Roman Bronze Works in , New York, where a full-scale plaster model was created from Longman's smaller version before casting. The statue was produced in 24 separate bronze sections using a combination of for larger elements and lost-wax techniques for finer details, such as the curved cables formed in wooden molds; these pieces were then assembled on-site. The completed structure weighed approximately 16 tons and was mounted on a spherical black base via six-inch pins anchored to the figure's mid-calf for stability. Following , the surface was gilded with over 40,000 sheets of 23-carat , applied in small pieces to achieve a , gleaming finish suitable for outdoor exposure. This required meticulous preparation of the surface and protective layering to ensure durability against , transforming the statue into a prominent landmark visible across . the 16-ton statue presented significant challenges for rooftop placement on a high-rise, particularly in ensuring wind resistance at 434 feet , where gusts could exceed 100 miles per hour. The design incorporated an internal armature with Roman joints—dovetail connections reinforced by bolts and blind pins—throughout the wings and limbs to allow controlled flexing while maintaining structural integrity; these joints were packed with lead for smooth surfaces and seismic resilience. Hoisting the assembled figure in a wooden frame to the roof took 90 minutes in October 1916, demanding precise coordination to secure it against both aerodynamic forces and potential earthquakes.

Historical Installations

Original Placement at

The Spirit of Communication was installed in 1916 atop the 29-story headquarters of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company () at in Lower Manhattan's Financial District. The building, designed by architect William W. Bosworth, exemplifies Neo-Classical architecture with its white Vermont granite facade, Doric and Ionic columns, and a campanile-like tower that positioned the statue as the structure's crowning feature. At 24 feet tall and cast in gilded bronze, the winged male figure overlooked the city from approximately 465 feet above street level, becoming a prominent visual element in the skyline. Initially named the "Genius of Telegraphy," the statue was commissioned to symbolize AT&T's foundational telegraph operations prior to the company's expansions into radio and widespread telephone services. Its design incorporated thunderbolts clutched in one hand and an in the other, directly evoking the swift transmission of messages via . This nomenclature and imagery aligned with AT&T's early 20th-century identity as a pioneer in electrical communication technologies. From its placement onward, the statue served as an enduring corporate symbol for , representing innovation and connectivity in the burgeoning . It quickly established itself as a landmark, visible from streets below and emblematic of the company's prominence in New York's financial core. The figure's gilded form and elevated position reinforced 's image of progress and reliability during the .

Subsequent New York Locations

In 1983, amid AT&T's headquarters downsizing in anticipation of the divestiture effective January 1, 1984, the statue was dismantled from the roof of its original site at and reinstalled in the lobby of the company's new headquarters at , a postmodern designed by and . The divestiture, which separated AT&T's long-distance and operations from its phone companies, prompted the corporate that included this relocation, with the statue serving as a link to the company's heritage at its predecessor headquarters. To adapt the 24-foot-tall, approximately 16-ton (32,000-pound) gilded figure for indoor ground-level display, it was placed atop a custom 21-foot-high black pedestal in the building's six-story atrium, where a large behind it formed a to evoke its former rooftop prominence and ensure visibility from street level. This installation ended the statue's decades-long outdoor era, transitioning it from an architectural crown to a prominent interior focal point designed by Johnson to highlight AT&T's artistic legacy. Prior to the move, the statue received minor restorations by Roussel Studios between 1981 and 1983, including cleaning to remove accumulated over 64 years of exposure, ensuring its preservation for the new setting. During its display period from 1983 to 1992, it functioned as a visitor centerpiece in the lobby, underscoring AT&T's continuity and symbolic identity amid the post-divestiture transformations that reshaped the .

Relocations

Moves within New Jersey

In 1992, the Spirit of Communication statue was relocated from its position at in to AT&T's operational headquarters campus in , as part of the company's ongoing restructuring following the 1984 divestiture of its regional Bell operating companies. The 24-foot gilded bronze figure was placed outdoors on a modest pedestal within a circular driveway, surrounded by enhanced landscaping that integrated it into the suburban office park setting, though some observers noted its incongruity with the low-slung, horizontal architecture of the site. This move symbolized AT&T's shift toward a more decentralized, regional operational focus in during its post-divestiture recovery phase, emphasizing efficiency and adaptation to a competitive landscape. By 2002, amid further corporate consolidation and the sale of the Basking Ridge campus to Pharmacia Corporation, the statue was transferred approximately five miles to AT&T's Global Network Operations Center in Bedminster Township, New Jersey. The relocation involved dismantling the sculpture, transporting it via flatbed truck along U.S. Route 287, and restoring it at C. Roussel Studios in Brooklyn before reinstallation on a new pedestal outdoors at the Bedminster facility, with an unveiling ceremony held in September 2002. This site-specific engineering ensured stability in the open plaza, reflecting AT&T's efforts to maintain corporate symbols during a period of internal reorganization leading up to its 2005 acquisition by SBC Communications. The outdoor placements in both Basking Ridge and Bedminster exposed the statue to New Jersey's variable suburban weather, necessitating heightened maintenance efforts, including re-gilding of its surface prior to the move to address weathering and preserve its iconic appearance. These relocations underscored AT&T's strategic emphasis on regional consolidation in the decade before its transformative merger, balancing operational needs with the preservation of historical artifacts tied to its legacy.

Relocation to Dallas

The relocation of the Spirit of Communication statue to in 2009 was a direct consequence of SBC Communications' acquisition of Corp. in 2005 and the subsequent rebranding of the combined entity as Inc., which centralized corporate headquarters in the city. In July 2009, the statue was transported from its temporary outdoor placement in —where it had been housed since 2002 following earlier moves within the state—to 's headquarters. The process required specialized by experts to disassemble the 24-foot-tall, gilded-bronze figure into six sections: the body, two wings, head, , and left holding bolts. These components were then shipped cross-country on flatbed trucks to , where the statue was carefully reassembled over two days inside the building to protect its delicate gold-leaf surface from outdoor exposure. Upon completion, it was installed in the lobby of the at 208 South Akard Street, facing AT&T Plaza. In 2019, the statue was relocated from the to an outdoor position in the AT&T Discovery District as part of the development of the new campus.

Current Status

Location at AT&T Discovery District

The Spirit of Communication statue was installed at the AT&T Discovery District in in 2020, following a temporary removal in early 2019 for headquarters remodeling as part of the site's redevelopment. The AT&T Discovery District serves as an interactive public space dedicated to showcasing the company's history and technological innovations, blending urban amenities with experiential exhibits. This placement marked a shift from the statue's prior indoor location at AT&T's headquarters to a more prominent outdoor position welcoming visitors from the nearby convention center. Positioned outdoors at the south end of the district along South Akard and Wood Streets, the 24-foot gilded bronze figure stands as a central , enhanced by LED lighting that illuminates its form during evening hours. exhibits integrated into the surrounding plaza provide contextual explanations of the statue's origins and symbolic role in , drawing on projections and interactive elements to engage passersby. The setup ensures free , allowing visitors to approach and photograph the statue without barriers, as part of the district's open, pedestrian-friendly design. The statue is seamlessly integrated with the site's digital infrastructure, surrounded by large media walls and screens that depict the evolution of communication—from and radio waves to and AI—often synchronizing visual effects with the figure itself to create immersive storytelling without any physical modifications to the original . This arrangement heightens visitor interaction, positioning the Spirit of Communication as a dynamic focal point amid the district's broader tech-themed installations, such as a responsive and 104-foot media wall. As of 2025, the statue continues to serve as a key attraction within the AT&T Discovery District, which draws approximately 100,000 visitors monthly and hosts the figure as a highlight for photo opportunities and educational content. No major relocations are planned, affirming its role in the ongoing public showcase of AT&T's heritage.

Ownership and Preservation

The Spirit of Communication statue has been owned by AT&T since its completion in 1916, following its commission by the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) and Western Union in 1915 for placement atop the 195 Broadway headquarters in New York City. In November 2005, SBC Communications Inc. acquired AT&T Corp. and adopted the AT&T name to form the new AT&T Inc., integrating the statue among other corporate assets into the surviving entity's portfolio with no disruption to its title or custodianship. Preservation of the statue falls under the stewardship of 's archives and conservation teams, which have conducted regular maintenance to protect its gilded bronze structure. Notable efforts include a two-year restoration in the by Roussel Studios during relocation to , earning recognition from the National Sculpture Society for its commitment to the artwork's care. In preparation for its 2009 move to , oversaw another comprehensive restoration, featuring re-gilding with applied using traditional techniques to restore the statue's luminous finish, as documented by the company's archives. Legally, the statue is held as a corporate art asset by , without formal designation as a historic landmark, though it benefits from the company's internal policies ensuring its protection and controlled relocations. No public records indicate executed loans of the piece, reflecting AT&T's preference for in-house display. As of 2025, AT&T remains committed to exhibiting the statue at its Discovery District in , , where it has been installed since 2020 as part of a permanent public-facing installation.

Legacy

Role as AT&T Symbol

The Spirit of Communication statue, originally commissioned as the Genius of Telegraphy in 1916, became a central element in 's branding from the 1920s, initially representing the company's telegraph and early telephone innovations before evolving to encompass broader broadcasting technologies. By the 1930s, amid 's expansion into radio and television, the statue's name was officially changed to Spirit of Communication to better reflect this technological diversification, and its image was incorporated into corporate logos and advertising campaigns as a symbol of connectivity and progress. Within AT&T's corporate iconography, the statue appeared prominently on annual reports, phone directories—such as the 1941 Manhattan edition—and various employee morale initiatives, reinforcing themes of reliability and . Known affectionately as "Golden Boy" among staff, the figure embodied core values like and , serving as a motivational emblem in internal campaigns. Following the 2005 merger when SBC Communications acquired and rebranded as Inc., the statue was revived as a key historical icon to connect the company's digital-era transformations with its foundational legacy, appearing in updated narratives to evoke continuity amid shifts to and services. For internal purposes, the statue has been reproduced in smaller-scale models, lapel pins, and digital animations, distributed through employee programs like the Pioneers to foster a sense of heritage and unity.

Cultural Significance

The Spirit of Communication exemplifies early 20th-century corporate patronage of monumental sculpture in the Beaux-Arts tradition, where telecommunications firms commissioned allegorical figures to embody technological progress and national infrastructure development. Created by Evelyn Beatrice Longman, the statue underscores the emerging role of women in public art, as she became the first female sculptor elected to full membership in the National Academy of Design in 1932, challenging gender barriers in a male-dominated field. Longman's work, blending classical idealism with modern industrial themes, has been analyzed as a key example of how corporate commissions integrated fine art into commercial iconography during the Progressive Era. In popular culture, the statue has garnered recognition beyond its corporate origins, appearing in literary works such as Christopher Morley's 1921 poem Chimneysmoke, which evoked its dynamic form, and Robert Pinsky's 2000 collection Jersey Rain, reflecting its enduring symbolic presence in American urban landscapes. It was featured in a 2021 episode of the Travel Channel's Art Attack, where host Lee Sandstead described it as "absolutely a serious work of art" and "perhaps the most beautiful depiction of the male figure in American art," praising its recent restoration as a testament to its artistic merit. The statue's allegorical imagery has influenced telecommunications iconography, inspiring similar dynamic figures in industry advertisements and promotional materials, such as its reproduction on the cover of the 1941 Manhattan Telephone Directory to represent evolving communication technologies. Academically, it is examined in studies of American Beaux-Arts sculpture and corporate symbolism, including Hunter Oslin's The Story of Telecommunications (1992), which highlights its role in visualizing electrical innovation, and articles in Sculpture Review that discuss Longman's contributions to public monuments. In 2025, a new book by Pat Hoerth Batchelder on Evelyn Beatrice Longman's career further explores the statue's significance. Materials related to the statue are preserved in the Archives and History Center, supporting scholarly exhibits on telecommunications history.

References

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  22. https://www.newjerseyhills.com/at-ts-golden-boy-leaving-basking-ridge/article_f9f8370c-7ab2-5b52-af34-583f41fc1c47.html
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  27. https://www.dallasnews.com/business/real-estate/2019/07/22/att-s-new-downtown-dallas-campus-will-have-a-place-for-its-historic-statue/
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