Hubbry Logo
CorowaCorowaMain
Open search
Corowa
Community hub
Corowa
logo
8 pages, 0 posts
0 subscribers
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Corowa
Corowa
Corowa
View on Wikipedia
from Wikipedia

Corowa /ˈkɒrəwə/[3] is a town in the state of New South Wales in Australia. It is on the bank of the Murray River, the border between New South Wales and Victoria, opposite the Victorian town of Wahgunyah. It is the largest town in the Federation Council and was the administrative centre of the former Corowa Shire. The name could have derived from a Wiradjuri word referring to the curra pine that yielded gum used by Aboriginal people to fasten the heads of spears to the shafts. Another translation is "rocky river".[4]

Key Information

There are two bridges over the Murray to Wahgunyah in Victoria: the heritage-listed John Foord Bridge and the Federation Bridge (opened on 2 April 2005). The town in conjunction with nearby town Rutherglen has an Australian rules football team (Corowa-Rutherglen), competing in the Ovens & Murray Football League,[5] and a rugby league team, the Corowa Cougars, who compete in the Goulburn Murray competition.

History

[edit]

Indigenous history

[edit]

The Aboriginal people who inhabit the region around Corowa are the Bangarang people.

The tribe of Indigenous Australians that inhabited the Corowa area were called, in their own language, the Bangerang Tribe. The name has various spellings in English, varying all the way from Bandjalang through Panderang to Pinegorine.[6]

The Wiradjuri people also inhabited the area, with one potential theory on how the town came to get its name originating with the Wiradjuri word "corowa", meaning "rocky river crossing", in reference to the nearby Murray River.[7]

Foord's punt

[edit]

John Foord (c. 1820 – 15 February 1883), "The Emperor of Wahgunyah", settled on the Murray River near the Ovens junction (on the southern side of the river) in the early 1840s. In about 1843 Foord and a man named Bould examined the country about the present site of Wahgunyah and recommended it to John Crisp, who was the first European to settle in the area. Later Crisp sold his land to John Foord. With the development of steamer transport on the Murray River in the mid-1850s, Foord purchased a punt, which was brought up to Wahgunyah by the steamer Leichhardt. Foord built two extensive warehouses, which he let to river navigation companies. Traffic was attracted to Foord's punt, leading to the establishment of Corowa township, opposite to Wahgunyah.[8]

Township development

[edit]
Parkland in Corowa, near the Murray River

Land was surveyed in 1857 at Corowa by Surveyor Adams and the next year the township was proclaimed. In September 1859 a meeting was held to consider the erection of a bridge between Wahgunyah and Corowa to replace the punt. Construction of a bridge was commenced early in 1861.[9]

Corowa Post Office opened on 1 January 1861.[10]

In 1861 an Anglican church was built at Corowa on land donated by John Foord.[11]

The first bridge across the Murray River between Wahgunyah and Corowa was a privately-built toll-bridge, constructed by a group of investors known as the Wahgunya Murray River Bridge Company. The bridge across the river, a laminated timber arch structure, was completed in September 1862 at the cost of ten thousand pounds.[12]

It was reported in 1868 that Corowa "was fast becoming one of the most important of the border districts". Buildings erected that year included a new store, two hotels and a new court-house.[13]

A branch of the Bank of New South Wales was established in a new brick structure at Corowa in 1874. The building of a Roman Catholic church commenced in September 1874. A report in 1875 stated that Corowa as a township "was making rapid strides". The township had a total of seven hotels. A "private township" had been laid out at Corowa on land formerly owned by Sanger and Foord, with the land selling at £80 to £100 per acre. The Government township, laid out about two miles from the river, was deemed a failure.[9]

In 1878 a public meeting was held in Corowa to agitate for the New South Wales government to purchase the bridge and declare it free for public use.[12]

A report published in The Sydney Mail in October 1879 stated that Corowa township consisted of one thoroughfare containing the business houses. On a nearby hill the residences of the wealthier residents had been erected. It was claimed that the Government town of Corowa, two miles from the river, was "a vast wilderness". It was postulated that the reason for the failure of this township to develop was the fact that only one approach to the bridge from that point could be obtained. The toll for crossing the bridge was said to be "somewhat exorbitant", and prevented free intercourse between Corowa and Wahgunyah.[14][15]

Later developments

[edit]

In 1882 negotiations were held between the governments of Victoria and New South Wales which resulted in the purchase of the bridge between Wahgunyah and Corowa. The bridge was opened for public use, free of tolls and charges, an event celebrated on 7 July 1882 with a sports day and fireworks.[16]

A Presbyterian church and an Oddfellows' Hall were built at Corowa in 1886.[9]

In October 1892, the Corowa railway line opened from Culcairn. It closed in January 1989.

In the 1890s, Corowa was the site of several important conferences leading to the federation of the various colonies into the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901.

Gold mining

[edit]

A large but spectacularly unsuccessful gold mine, the Corowa Deep Lead Mine, was located just to the north of the town.[17]

There were gold deposits and many gold mines at Rutherglen, on the Victorian side of the border.[18] A working hypothesis was that the gold deposits extended, under the Murray and the inter-colonial border, to Corowa. In 1893, a company was formed to explore the area, by sinking bore holes looking for alluvial gold in a deep lead deposit.[19][20] By late 1894, gold bearing gravel was struck at a depth of 307 feet.[21]

A new company, Corowa Deep Lead Gold Mining & Prospecting Company No Liability was floated, and work began on the mine in 1897, at a time when the New South Wales Government was attempting to increase gold production in the colony. Its construction was subsidised by the N.S.W. Department of Mines.[22][23]

Two shafts were sunk. No.2 shaft reached the bottom, by the end of 1898, but only with difficulty due to the pressure of subterranean water encountered.[24] By mid-1899, pumping of water from No.2 shaft had allowed No.1 shaft to be sunk more readily, and the subsidy paid by the Mines Department had been increased from £2 to £4 10 per foot of shaft sunk.[25] A proposal to float the venture as an English company in London was defeated on a vote of shareholders.[26] By the end of 1899, No.1 shaft had also reached the bottom at 386 feet.[27] Pumps removed a colossal amount of water from the mine, over 750,000 gallons per day.[28] Cutting drives out from the shaft to the bore sites proved difficult, due to the hard rock encountered. It was necessary to cut through bedrock so that the groundwater in the gold-bearing "wash" could be drained, via a geologically stable route, and pumped away, prior to extracting the wash. The gold-bearing wash had still not been reached by mid 1901.[29]

Small amounts of gold were produced, by mid 1902, but shareholders were told that there would be more capital needing to be raised to make the mine payable.[30] An optimistic newspaper report, of October 1902, pronounced the mine operations a success, also carrying photographs of the miners, the directors, and the two headframes of the mine.[31] With its capital being exhausted, before reaching the wash, the failure of the pumping engine's crankshaft dashed the hopes of long-suffering shareholders.[32] By early 1903, the company had been reconstructed, apparently with an injection of capital from English shareholders, and new machinery was being erected.[33][34] By September 1904, miners were on wash but it was "rather wet" and not payable.[35] By late 1904, the company again needed additional capital,[36] and a decision was made that it would be wound up. It had sold 2,033 ounces of gold, from April to November 1904, but costs took much of the revenue; the balance sheet of the company was, by then, only £100 in surplus. The directors were authorised to put the company and all its assets up for sale.[37][38] The liabilities were discharged, and the company was wound up in 1905.[39]

Neo-Nazi rally

[edit]

On Saturday 12 October 2024, roughly 50 members of the National Socialist Network lead by Thomas Sewell rallied in the town's centre as a response to a local piggery's takeover by multinational meat processor JBS. The group displayed a banner reading "White Man Fight Back" due to JBS's employment of immigrant workers. Police dispersed the group with no arrests being made.[40]

Heritage listings

[edit]

Corowa has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

Historical population
YearPop.±%
19212,387—    
19332,757+15.5%
19472,751−0.2%
19543,045+10.7%
19612,593−14.8%
19662,709+4.5%
19712,923+7.9%
19763,031+3.7%
19813,390+11.8%
19864,315+27.3%
19915,064+17.4%
19965,785+14.2%
20015,208−10.0%
20065,628+8.1%
20115,450−3.2%
20165,337−2.1%
20215,444+2.0%
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics data.[44][45]

Climate

[edit]

Corowa has a temperate humid subtropical climate (Cfa) with hot, mostly dry summers and cool wetter winters.

Climate data for Corowa Airport (1907–2025, rainfall to 1890); 143 metres or 469 feet AMSL; 35.99° S, 146.36° E
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 46.0
(114.8) 		46.0
(114.8) 		40.5
(104.9) 		37.0
(98.6) 		28.9
(84.0) 		23.0
(73.4) 		20.0
(68.0) 		26.3
(79.3) 		33.5
(92.3) 		36.0
(96.8) 		43.0
(109.4) 		44.0
(111.2) 		46.0
(114.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 31.9
(89.4) 		31.3
(88.3) 		27.9
(82.2) 		22.5
(72.5) 		17.8
(64.0) 		13.9
(57.0) 		13.1
(55.6) 		15.0
(59.0) 		18.5
(65.3) 		22.2
(72.0) 		26.6
(79.9) 		30.1
(86.2) 		22.6
(72.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 15.7
(60.3) 		15.7
(60.3) 		12.7
(54.9) 		8.6
(47.5) 		5.6
(42.1) 		3.6
(38.5) 		2.8
(37.0) 		3.7
(38.7) 		5.7
(42.3) 		8.1
(46.6) 		11.1
(52.0) 		13.6
(56.5) 		8.9
(48.0)
Record low °C (°F) 5.0
(41.0) 		5.0
(41.0) 		3.9
(39.0) 		0.0
(32.0) 		−4.5
(23.9) 		−5.0
(23.0) 		−4.5
(23.9) 		−5.0
(23.0) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		0.0
(32.0) 		0.4
(32.7) 		3.7
(38.7) 		−5.0
(23.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 36.4
(1.43) 		37.4
(1.47) 		38.0
(1.50) 		36.3
(1.43) 		46.6
(1.83) 		56.0
(2.20) 		54.9
(2.16) 		53.3
(2.10) 		48.2
(1.90) 		51.8
(2.04) 		41.7
(1.64) 		40.9
(1.61) 		541.2
(21.31)
Average precipitation days 4.3 3.9 4.6 5.7 8.0 10.3 11.6 11.4 9.0 8.3 6.2 5.3 88.6
Average afternoon relative humidity (%) 32 33 36 44 56 67 68 60 55 46 38 33 47
Source: [46]

Media

[edit]

Radio

[edit]

The town is served by these radio stations:

Some stations from nearby centres such as Albury-Wodonga and Shepparton can be heard across the region.

Television

[edit]

Network television is broadcast in Corowa by the Seven Network, WIN Television (affiliated with the Nine Network), Network 10, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) and the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS).

Of the three commercial networks, WIN Television airs a half-hour WIN News bulletin each weeknight at 5.30 pm, produced from a newsroom in the city and broadcast from studios in Wollongong.

Short local news updates and weather updates are broadcast by Network 10 throughout the day, produced and broadcast from its Hobart studios. The Seven Network airs short local news and weather updates throughout the day, produced and broadcast from its Canberra studios.

Newspapers

[edit]

Local newspapers that cover Corowa are:

Prominent people

[edit]
[edit]

The Corowa Bowling Club was used to film scenes for the 2002 film Crackerjack.[48]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Corowa

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia

Corowa is a rural town in the region of southern , , situated on the southern bank of the immediately adjacent to the border with Victoria. With a population of 5,595 as recorded in the , it functions as the main commercial and administrative center for the surrounding Council area, supporting industries such as , , and . The town, established in the mid-19th century during the region's pastoral expansion, gained enduring historical prominence as the site of the 1893 Corowa Conference, where delegates proposed a mechanism—involving elected conventions and colony-wide referendums—to advance the federation of 's six colonies, a process that directly influenced the constitutional path to national unification in 1901. This event positioned Corowa as a symbolic cradle of Australian , distinct from the later official constitutional conventions, by emphasizing in the federation movement.

Geography

Location and environment

Corowa lies in the region of southern , Australia, on the southern bank of the , which forms the interstate border with Victoria. The settlement sits at an elevation of approximately above sea level. The dominates the area's , acting as the main channel for water flow and sediment transport while enabling the development of adjacent wetlands. These wetlands, recharged by river overflows, foster through habitats for native fish, waterbirds, and riparian vegetation, though flow regulation has altered natural inundation patterns. Flooding from the river, occurring via overbank flows during high-discharge events, has historically influenced deposition and landscape formation, with records indicating potential impacts on low-lying areas around Corowa. Prevailing soil types in the vicinity consist of fertile alluvial clays and chromosols, which provide good water-holding capacity and retention conducive to and extensive . Annual rainfall averaging 500-600 mm supports rain-fed alongside river-sourced , shaping patterns by limiting reliance on supplemental water during drier periods while enabling activities on marginally productive grounds.

Climate

Corowa experiences a classified as Köppen Cfa, marked by hot, often dry summers and cool winters with no extended . Average maximum temperatures reach 30.5°C in , supporting warm-season crops like rice and citrus in the Murray Valley, while July minimums average 2.5°C, occasionally dipping below freezing and limiting frost-sensitive agriculture. These patterns, recorded at the Corowa Airport station (site 074034), reflect broader conditions conducive to irrigation-dependent farming but vulnerable to heatwaves exceeding 40°C, as in the 46.0°C record set in . Mean annual totals around 541 mm, concentrated in winter and spring (May to ), with averaging the wettest month at about 58 mm. This seasonality aids winter grazing but heightens risk during summer, as evidenced by the 2022-2023 dry spell in the Southern Riverina, which reduced and crop yields by stressing orchards and dryland pastures. The data underscores recurrent variability, with multi-year deficits common in the Murray-Darling Basin, impacting water allocations and necessitating resilient agricultural practices for sustained productivity. Notable extremes include the June 2007 east coast lows, which triggered flooding affecting Corowa and surrounding areas, with gauges recording peaks that inundated low-lying farms. Such events, contrasting frequent droughts, contribute to flood-drought cycles that challenge infrastructure resilience and livability, though the overall mild temperate range supports year-round habitation compared to more arid inland zones.

History

Indigenous occupation

The region now known as Corowa formed part of the traditional lands of the Bangerang Aboriginal people, extending along the northward to the and encompassing riverine plains vital for sustenance. The Bangerang centered their livelihood on the ecosystem, relying on its fish, waterbirds, and resources through practices adapted to seasonal flooding and drying cycles. Archaeological evidence from the broader Murray-Darling Basin, including fish traps constructed from stone and wood, indicates sustained Indigenous fishing technologies dating to approximately 30,000 years ago, with similar structures likely employed by groups like the Bangerang for managing migratory such as . The Bangerang produced specialized tools, including high-quality fishing spears fashioned from reeds along lakes like the Moira, which were used for hunting aquatic species and traded with neighboring clans. These practices reflect empirical adaptations to the river's hydrology, prioritizing efficiency over large-scale alteration of the environment. Bangerang occupation featured semi-nomadic patterns with seasonal campsites rather than fixed villages, aligned with resource mobility along the Murray and Goulburn rivers; populations moved to exploit peak fish runs in spring and summer or emu and kangaroo hunting in adjacent plains. Oral traditions, such as creation stories tied to the Murray's formation, corroborate these patterns alongside sparse archaeological records of hearths and artifacts on river flats, though site-specific data for the Corowa locale remains limited.

Early European settlement and river crossing

European squatters began livestock from to the region in the , occupying lands beyond official boundaries to establish runs for grazing sheep and cattle. These early incursions laid the groundwork for settlement in the area now known as Corowa, where the fertile riverine plains attracted stock owners seeking expansive holdings amid expanding colonial frontiers. The , forming the border between and the newly separated Colony of Victoria in 1851, necessitated reliable crossing infrastructure to support trade and stock movement, particularly as Victoria's gold rushes from 1851 onward boosted demand for livestock and supplies from . In late 1857, John Foord acquired a surplus punt from operator Henry Hopwood for £550 and established services from the New South Wales bank opposite Wahgunyah, initially operated on a share basis by William Fleming. This practical engineering solution—a flat-bottomed vessel poled or towed across the current—enabled efficient transport of , sheep, and goods, mitigating the risks of fording the often-swollen river and fostering economic links between the colonies. Foord's punt rapidly drew traffic, prompting formal development; the site was proclaimed a in 1858 and surveyed the following year to accommodate growing settlement needs. Named Corowa, possibly from a local Aboriginal term denoting a "rocky river" due to prominent outcrops facilitating natural shallows for crossings, the location capitalized on its strategic position to handle inter-colonial stock drives and without delving into mining specifics.

Gold mining and economic boom

The discovery of payable in the Ovens and districts of Victoria in 1852 spurred significant economic activity in Corowa, located on the bank of the approximately 50 kilometers upstream from the Victorian goldfields. Corowa's strategic position facilitated its role as a key supply port, where paddle steamers transported goods such as provisions, equipment, and to support the influx of miners, while local runs provided meat and grain to the fields. River trade peaked in the 1850s and 1860s, with steamers navigating the Murray to deliver imports and return with exports including , from surrounding districts, and from the Ovens fields, which produced substantial yields—second only to among Victorian sites—before tapering in the late 1860s. This commerce drove rapid in Corowa and adjacent Wahgunyah, transforming the area from sparse settlement to a bustling hub serving thousands of prospectors. By the 1870s, exhaustion of alluvial deposits in the Ovens and fields led to declining yields and miner exodus, curtailing river traffic and gold-related exports from Corowa. Economic focus shifted to sustainable , with and production stabilizing the local amid the gold boom's bust, as evidenced by reduced steamer activity documented in colonial trade records.

The 1893 Federation Conference

The 1893 Corowa Federation Conference, convened on 31 July and 1 August in Corowa, , marked a grassroots effort to overcome stalled elite-led negotiations toward Australian federation. Organized by community federation advocates, including branches of the Australasian Federation League and the Australian Natives Association, the gathering assembled delegates from , Victoria, and other colonies to strategize popular pathways to national unity. A defining contribution emerged from Victorian delegate John Quick, president of the Federation League, who, alongside Robert Garran, formulated a practical scheme during the proceedings to harness direct public involvement. The proposal urged each colonial parliament to pass enabling legislation for the popular of delegates to interstate conventions tasked with drafting a federal constitution, with the resulting document then submitted to referendums in each for approval. This mechanism sought to sidestep parliamentary inertia and protectionist opposition, particularly in , by shifting authority to elected representatives and voter ratification, thereby aligning federation with broader public sentiment. The conference adopted Quick's resolutions unanimously, forwarding them to the premiers with calls for immediate legislative action to convene such conventions. These steps catalyzed tangible progress: colonial parliaments enacted enabling bills, paving the way for the 1897–1898 Australasian Federal Conventions, draft constitution referendums in 1898–1900, and ultimate on 1 January 1901. The event's emphasis on democratic processes distinguished it from prior premier-dominated talks, establishing Corowa as the symbolic "birthplace of " through its empirical role in mobilizing popular momentum.

Township expansion and 20th-century developments

The Shire of Corowa was formally constituted on 1 July 1955 through the amalgamation of the existing Municipality of Corowa and the Shire of Coreen, under a issued pursuant to the Local Government Act 1919, streamlining administration over the expanding rural and township areas. This merger reflected the growing integration of urban and agricultural interests, as the district transitioned from river-based trade toward rail-supported farming economies. The Corowa branch railway line, operational since its opening in 1892 from Culcairn, played a key role in this shift by facilitating the transport of , , and later irrigated produce to broader markets, though proposals for a direct rail connection across the Murray to Wahgunyah were discussed as late as 1923 without fruition due to interstate coordination challenges. Economic diversification accelerated in the mid-20th century with the rollout of government-led infrastructure along the , converting semi-arid floodplains into viable farmland. Between 1933 and 1964, the Government constructed extensive channels and storage systems, enabling shifts from dryland grazing and wool production to intensive crops like —first trialed commercially in the region during the but scaling significantly post-World War II—and supporting dairying through reliable for fodder and pasture. The nearby Corurgan Irrigation Area, extending between Corowa and Berrigan, was developed and opened in 1969, further boosting local yields of , , and amid rising demand for staple commodities. These infrastructural advances underpinned demographic and growth, with residential and commercial expansion in Corowa tied to in processing facilities and farm support services. By the latter half of the century, the district's economy had stabilized around irrigated , though vulnerabilities to allocation disputes and market fluctuations persisted, as evidenced by periodic adjustments in cropping patterns.

Recent historical events

In 2005, the Federation Bridge opened over the , providing a modern road crossing that improved connectivity between Corowa in and Wahgunyah in Victoria, supplementing the historic punt service and facilitating easier cross-border trade and travel. The 2016 merger of Corowa Shire with Urana Shire to form Federation Council consolidated administrative resources across a larger area, with the stated goal of achieving financial viability through operating surpluses and enhanced service delivery, though subsequent reports highlighted ongoing challenges in balancing infrastructure costs with revenue. Following the Millennium Drought's conclusion around 2009, Corowa's agricultural community benefited from Murray-Darling Basin-wide water reforms, including the Basin Plan's implementation from 2012, which supported irrigation recovery and stabilized local farming operations dependent on the . In April 2021, the $10.2 million Corowa Aquatic Centre opened, replacing the former seasonal outdoor pool with a year-round facility including a 50-meter outdoor pool, a 25-meter indoor learn-to-swim pool, and a , underscoring community-driven investments in recreation and health infrastructure amid regional recovery efforts. The , a self-guided map featuring 25 historic sites launched by Federation Council in 2025, has promoted local heritage preservation and by highlighting landmarks tied to the town's federation-era significance and riverfront development. The recorded Corowa's population at 5,595, reflecting stabilization after modest growth from prior decades and indicating sustained in a rural setting.

Demographics

The population of Corowa experienced relative stability from the post-war era through the 1970s, reflecting broader patterns in rural where agricultural reduced labor demands and prompted some out-migration, though specific local data indicate no sharp decline during this period. Subsequent decades saw gradual expansion, driven by net favoring regional towns with appealing lifestyles and natural increase, albeit tempered by an demographic profile. Census data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics record 5,482 residents in , rising modestly to 5,595 by 2021, a net gain of 113 people primarily attributable to positive flows outweighing natural decrease in an older cohort. By mid-2024, estimated resident stood at 5,545, signaling a minor recent contraction linked to subdued migration amid economic pressures on rural areas. In the 2021 Census, females constituted approximately 50% of Corowa's residents, aligning with near-parity sex ratios in similar regional locales, while Aboriginal and Islander people represented 2.4% of the total—marginally above the Federation Council average but indicative of limited growth in this subgroup relative to national trends. Net has contributed positively over inter-censal periods, with inflows from urban centers drawn by retirement opportunities along the , offsetting outflows of younger cohorts seeking employment elsewhere.
Census YearPopulation
20165,482
5,595

Ethnic and cultural composition

The of Corowa exhibits a high degree of ethnic homogeneity characteristic of rural localities, with ancestry responses in the dominated by European origins. The most commonly reported ancestries were English (43.9% of respondents) and Australian (42.5%), the latter often denoting heritage in a regional context, followed by Irish (12.4%) and Scottish (11.3%). German ancestry accounted for 5.0%, reflecting minor historical European settlement patterns, while other responses such as Italian (2.6%) indicate limited post- migration influences. Country of birth data underscores this profile, with 85.7% of residents born in and overseas-born individuals comprising 14.3%, primarily from English-speaking nations including (1.1%) and (0.7%). Smaller cohorts originated from (0.5%) and (0.3%), with negligible representation from non-European countries in aggregates. This contrasts with urban centers in , where overseas-born proportions exceed 30%, highlighting Corowa's relative insularity from recent global migration waves. Linguistic uniformity aligns with these demographics, as 92.7% of the population speaks English only at home, and non-English languages are reported by just 3.1%, predominantly Italian (0.6%) and German (0.3%). Religious affiliation further reflects Anglo-Celtic cultural roots, with Christianity encompassing about 52% of respondents: Western (Roman) Catholic at 24.4%, Anglican at 20.8%, and Uniting Church at 3.6%. However, secularization trends are evident, with 36.9% reporting no religion—a rise from prior censuses—and 6.3% not stating an affiliation.

Government and administration

Local governance structure

Federation Council, the local government authority encompassing Corowa, is governed by nine elected councillors who establish policies, provide leadership, and set strategic direction for the organization. Elections occur every four years under optional preferential voting, with councillors representing all ratepayers and residents across the area. The council's projected 2025-26 operating revenue totals $52.8 million, with expenses at $55.7 million, drawing primarily from rates and annual charges ($25.6 million), operating grants and contributions ($14.3 million), and user charges and fees ($10.4 million). These funds support core operational mechanics, including and service provision, with additional revenue from interest, asset disposals, and capital grants. Service delivery focuses on essential and regulatory functions, such as with $2.8 million in domestic waste income offset by $2.6 million in expenses; road maintenance via a capital works program exceeding $11.6 million for roads, bridges, and footpaths, including $4.6 million for sealed roads; and , which involves land-use facilitation and development assessments with $1.7 million in annual town and building control expenses. Development applications are processed in accordance with state regulations, emphasizing efficient approvals to support housing needs amid broader shortages.

Administrative mergers and policies

In 2016, the government amalgamated Corowa Shire Council and Urana Shire Council to form Federation Council, effective 12 May, as part of a broader reform program aimed at enhancing administrative efficiency, reducing duplication, and achieving cost savings through . The merger rationale emphasized financial sustainability, with projections of statewide savings exceeding $2 billion over 20 years from similar consolidations, though specific unsubstantiated claims for Federation Council were critiqued for lacking empirical backing and failing to materialize in practice. Post-merger outcomes have shown limited efficiency gains, with the council reporting persistent financial pressures, including a proposed 69% rate increase in 2025 to avert administration, and analyses indicating that smaller pre-merger entities demonstrated greater fiscal resilience per state benchmarks on metrics like operating performance ratios. Service consolidation post-amalgamation included centralized administration and shared facilities, such as unified planning and works departments, but empirical pre- versus post-merger data reveal no significant reductions in per-capita costs for core services like road maintenance, where resealing proportions and drainage clearances have not improved proportionally to projected savings. Council's policies on zoning and development adhere to the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979, incorporating local environmental plans that prioritize compliance with state standards for biodiversity offsets and stormwater management, while empirical approval rates reflect rigorous scrutiny, with applications often delayed or rejected amid infrastructure capacity debates. A notable case illustrating these policies is the Redlands residential subdivision (DA 2020/162), proposed in 2020 for 306 lots across 13 stages on land involving native vegetation removal, which sparked community debates over suitability, environmental impacts, and upfront infrastructure contributions exceeding $2.8 million offered by developers. The application was rejected by council in 2021 and upheld by the Land and Environment Court in November, citing inadequate provisions for sewage, , and ecological mitigation under controls derived from the pre-merger Corowa Development Control , highlighting post-amalgamation tensions in balancing growth with compliance.

Economy

Primary industries

The primary industries in the Corowa area, part of the Federation Council, center on , generating a total output value of $563 million in 2020/21, with cereal crops as the leading commodity group. These activities rely on the Murray River's alluvial soils, which provide high fertility for irrigated farming, and infrastructure drawing from the Murray-Darling Basin for water delivery, enabling yields that exceed rain-fed counterparts through precise and . Rice production is a key irrigated crop, utilizing basin water for paddy flooding; regional output in the broader -Murray area, encompassing Corowa, positions it as Australia's largest -producing zone, though planting areas contracted sharply in 2019-20 due to general security allocations dropping below 20% amid conditions. cultivation, including oranges and other varieties, benefits from the same systems and subtropical influences, contributing to over 90% of ' from the wider district. Livestock farming includes for and , as well as on improved pastures, supported by saleyards facilitating . processing at Rivalea facility in Corowa processes up to 1 million pigs per year and employs more than 600 workers, underpinning local value-adding. These sectors face variability from basin allocations, with 2019-20 reductions prompting shifts to less -intensive crops and elevated temporary prices exceeding $850 per megalitre in southern basin trades.

Tourism and heritage-based economy

Corowa's tourism sector relies heavily on its historical significance in the Australian Federation movement and proximity to the . The Corowa Federation Museum, housed in the former Border Brass Band Hall, preserves artifacts and exhibits detailing the 1893 Corowa Conference, a pivotal event advocating for national federation, alongside displays of local history, machinery, and household items. This attraction draws visitors interested in Australia's constitutional origins, contributing to heritage-focused stays in the town. The annual Corowa Rotary Federation Festival, held over the long weekend, celebrates this legacy with events including a grand parade along Sanger Street that attracted more than 1,000 participants and spectators in 2024, alongside markets, music, and a formal dinner. Such gatherings stimulate demand for local accommodations and dining, with the 45th festival in 2025 described by organizers as a success spanning three days of community activities. Murray River-based pursuits complement , offering fishing, boating, kayaking, and waterskiing along accessible reserves and trails between Corowa and nearby . These outdoor activities leverage the river's scenic banks for picnics, , and , appealing to nature enthusiasts and supporting ancillary services like equipment rentals. In the broader Federation Council region encompassing Corowa, domestic overnight visitors generated 421,800 visitor nights, averaging 3.4 nights per stay and $56 in daily expenditure, underscoring the economic footprint of tied to these assets. Local events and heritage initiatives, as noted in council reports, actively revive visitor interest and bolster related revenue streams distinct from primary industries.

Contemporary projects and developments

The Corowa Solar Farm, a 30 MW AC photovoltaic installation occupying 92 hectares, reached full operation in June 2021 as part of a $29 million spurred by a 10-year with , under which Coles acquires over 70% of the generated electricity. This initiative highlights private-public collaboration, with developer Mytilineos securing financing and approvals to support Coles' targets while contributing to local grid stability and economic activity through construction jobs and ongoing operations. In the agricultural sector, Federation Council allocated $10.7 million for the Corowa Saleyards redevelopment, including $9.2 million in NSW Government funding secured in 2021-2022, with additional grants of $2.9 million disbursed in 2023-2024 to advance upgrades enhancing handling capacity, , and buyer facilities. The project, completed around 2023, bolsters the region's primary industry hub by accommodating increased throughput amid post-drought recovery, fostering synergies between council infrastructure investment and private farming operations. Residential expansion efforts faced setbacks, as a proposed subdivision at Redlands Road for 335 lots across 13 stages—potentially adding over 200 homes—was rejected by the NSW Land and Environment Court in November 2021 following community opposition over environmental impacts and vegetation removal. No major approvals have advanced since, constraining housing supply growth despite demand pressures. The Corowa Aquatic Centre demonstrated financial viability in the 2023-2024 , achieving key performance indicators such as increased admissions, active memberships, and program participation, signaling effective management and community uptake post its 2022 service review and business planning. This public facility's profitability metrics reflect targeted investments in operations and energy efficiency, supporting recreational infrastructure without ongoing subsidies.

Society and culture

Heritage sites and preservation

Corowa features several sites recognized for their historical significance, including structures tied to transportation, Federation-era events, and river crossings. The Corowa Railway Station and yard group, constructed in as the terminus of the Culcairn-Corowa , is listed on the State Heritage Register (item 01120), with designation occurring on 2 April 1999, due to its representative value in demonstrating the expansion of rail infrastructure in rural during the early 20th century. Remnants of the original wooden Foord's Bridge, predating the 1892 iron lattice truss replacement named after pioneer John Foord, remain visible along the bank at low water levels, preserving evidence of 19th-century private operations that facilitated cross-border trade between and Victoria. These elements underscore Corowa's role in regional connectivity and early colonial development. Local heritage protection encompasses numerous additional assets under Schedule 5 of the Corowa Local Environmental Plan 2012, which identifies items and conservation areas requiring development consent for alterations to maintain their integrity. Self-guided history trails, such as the Corowa History Trail launched by Federation Council, highlight over 25 sites including Federation-related landmarks and colonial buildings, promoting public awareness of the town's contributions to Australian nation-building, notably the 1893 Corowa Conference that advanced federal union. Preservation efforts are supported by statutory frameworks and state-level funding mechanisms, including the NSW Heritage Grants program, which allocates resources for conservation works, condition assessments, and activation projects based on verified heritage value. Local plans mandate empirical evaluations of item conditions prior to interventions, ensuring interventions address structural integrity and historical authenticity without unsubstantiated alterations. Recent grants have indirectly aided documentation of Corowa's rail heritage through publications funded under the Transport Heritage Grants Program.

Media landscape

The primary local newspaper serving Corowa is the Corowa Free Press, a weekly publication that delivers news, sports, rural updates, and community events focused on Corowa, , and adjacent areas. Owned by McPherson Media Group, it maintains a print edition distributed each week while expanding digitally through its website and , which provide access to top stories and push notifications for breaking local developments. Radio broadcasting in Corowa includes on FM 94.7, a non-commercial station offering locally produced content tailored to community interests. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation's ABC Riverina station extends coverage to the region, providing news, talk, and regional programming via AM and FM relays accessible in Corowa. Additional narrowcast options, such as Vision Christian Radio on FM 88.0, serve niche audiences within a limited radius. Television access relies on satellite delivery for free-to-air networks, including ABC, SBS, , WIN Television (Nine affiliate), and , due to Corowa's rural location beyond terrestrial broadcast reach. This setup ensures comprehensive national and regional coverage, with ABC content particularly emphasized for relevance. media has undergone a digital shift, with outlets like the Corowa Free Press prioritizing online platforms for real-time updates and broader accessibility, supplemented by the Council's website for official announcements and community notices. Rural audiences in areas like Corowa demonstrate sustained dependence on these sources for hyper-specific coverage, even as digital tools facilitate hybrid consumption patterns.

Notable individuals

John Howard, born in Corowa on 22 October 1952, is an Australian actor recognized for leading roles in television series including SeaChange (1998–2000, 2019) as diver Bob Jelly and Always Greener (2001–2003), as well as appearances in films such as Mad Max: Fury Road (2015). Sam Groth, who grew up in Corowa, attended Corowa High School, and began playing tennis on local courts at age 10, is a former professional tennis player who achieved a career-high singles ranking of No. 39 in 2015 and held the men's world record for fastest serve at 263.4 km/h, set at the 2012 Busan Open Challenger. He later transitioned to politics, winning election to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the Liberal member for Ferntree Gully in 2022. Taylor Duryea, originating from the nearby Wahgunyah-Corowa region and playing junior football for the Corowa-Rutherglen club, is a retired Australian rules footballer who competed in 216 AFL games, including premierships with Hawthorn in 2014 and 2015, and later with the .

Representation in media and culture

Corowa has appeared as a filming location in Australian cinema, notably for the 2012 feature film The Sapphires, where surrounding rural areas were used to depict 1960s-era settings for the story of an Indigenous girl group performing in . The town's proximity also featured in footage for the 2014 documentary Lucent, which incorporated undercover recordings from a local slaughterhouse to illustrate industrial animal practices. Documentaries on regional history have highlighted Corowa's role in river transport. The film Source to Sea: The Story of the Murray Riverboats (2013) chronicles the paddle steamer trade along the Murray, including ports like Corowa that facilitated and goods shipment from the 1850s onward. Similarly, a 2023 documentary by Nomad Films examined Corowa's 25-year sister-city relationship with Miki, , filming local landmarks and community interactions to showcase cross-cultural ties. In literature, Corowa receives mentions in non-fiction histories of federation and riverine commerce rather than fiction. The 1893 Corowa Conference, pivotal in advancing popular support for Australian , is analyzed in works like parliamentary overviews of people's conventions. River trade accounts, such as Paddle Steamers of the (2004), describe Corowa as a key 19th-century wharf for steamers carrying cargo upstream. No prominent fictional works center on the town, reflecting its primary portrayal through factual and historical lenses.

Controversies

2024 neo-Nazi rally

On October 12, 2024, approximately 50 members of the , an Australian neo-Nazi organization, conducted a rally in Corowa, . The participants, dressed in black attire and wearing balaclavas, marched through the town center while displaying a banner reading "white man fight" and distributing flyers containing white supremacist propaganda. The event was organized in response to the hiring of migrant workers at a local meat-processing facility, which organizers claimed displaced Australian jobs and exemplified broader immigration policy failures. New South Wales Police monitored the gathering, which remained peaceful with no arrests made, though potential charges were not ruled out pending review. Local residents and the Corowa community expressed widespread disgust, with statements describing the participants as unwelcome "neo-Nazi, fascist idiots" and affirming the town's multicultural character. Federal Member for Farrer , whose electorate includes Corowa, condemned the rally as abhorrent, stating that community members had clearly demonstrated racism's lack of place in the area. Australia's Race Discrimination Commissioner, Giridharan Sivaraman, criticized the event as emblematic of a rising white supremacist threat requiring serious attention, while advocating for strengthened social cohesion measures. Political leaders from both major parties echoed calls for a unified response against such extremism, linking the rally to ongoing debates over immigration's economic impacts without altering official policy stances. The incident highlighted tensions between far-right critiques of migrant labor competition in regional industries and institutional emphases on integration and anti-hate initiatives.

References

  1. https://profile.id.com.au/federation/about?WebID=100
  2. https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/SAL11080
  3. https://peo.gov.au/understand-our-parliament/history-of-parliament/federation/the-federation-of-australia
  4. https://mgnsw.org.au/organisations/corowa-federation-museum/
  5. https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/federation
  6. https://mapcarta.com/Corowa
  7. https://www.mdba.gov.au/sites/default/files/publications/appendix-a.-nsw-murray-and-lower-darling-surface-water-resource-plan-area-description.pdf
  8. https://www.federationcouncil.nsw.gov.au/files/assets/public/v/1/document-library/corporate-documents/flood-study-reports-southern/chm_fs_final_report_241025_report.pdf
  9. https://www.mdba.gov.au/basin/landscapes/rivers-wetlands-and-floodplains
  10. https://www.grainshed.com.au/regional-guides/nsw/riverina/
  11. https://www.nswskn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/pre-conference-tour-field-guide-Nov-6.pdf
  12. https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/843363/Draft-ial-mapping-riverina-murray-agricultural-profile.pdf
  13. http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_074034.shtml
  14. http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_074034_All.shtml
  15. https://www.agriculture.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/southern-riverina-rdr-plan.pdf
  16. http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/current/month/nsw/archive/200706.summary.shtml
  17. http://www.murrayriver.com.au/corowa/
  18. https://www.federationcouncil.nsw.gov.au/Connect/North-of-the-Murray-Discover-a-place-where-there-is-more-to-life/Places/Corowa
  19. https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/634212/Murray_FINAL_Jan-2013-for-web.pdf
  20. https://www.academia.edu/20674059/Archaeology_of_Aboriginal_Fish_traps_in_the_Murray_Darling_Basin_Australia
  21. https://deadlystory.com/page/aboriginal-country-map/Aboriginal_Country_Completed/Bangerang/Bangerang_Tools_Technology
  22. https://jajoowarrngara.org/community/bangerang/
  23. https://deadlystory.com/page/aboriginal-country-map/Aboriginal_Country_Completed/Bangerang/Bangerang_Stories
  24. https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/server/api/core/bitstreams/09b60fdf-00d8-491b-8da9-5ff28daee690/content
  25. https://electricscotland.com/australia/murray-river.pdf
  26. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/236432049
  27. https://www.federationcouncil.nsw.gov.au/Connect/North-of-the-Murray-Discover-a-place-where-there-is-more-to-life/More-to-Learn/Corowa-History
  28. https://stmaryscorowa.com/2013/12/02/1978-parish-history-ch-10/
  29. https://www.visitthemurray.com.au/destinations/east/corowa
  30. https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/corowa-20040208-gdkq0o.html
  31. https://www.heritage.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0022/512266/North-East-Victoria-Historic-Mining-Plots-1850-1982-Historic-Notes-Bannear-nd.pdf
  32. https://www.federationcouncil.nsw.gov.au/files/assets/public/document-library/resources/other/190716-draft-fc-sanger-st-situational-analysis.pdf
  33. https://opal.latrobe.edu.au/ndownloader/files/36684681
  34. https://peo.gov.au/understand-our-parliament/history-of-parliament/history-milestones/australian-parliament-history-timeline/events/corowa-conference
  35. https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Senate/Publications_and_resources/Papers_and_research/Papers_on_Parliament_and_other_resources/Papers_on_Parliament/32/c01
  36. https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/senate/pubs/pops/pop42/stephen.pdf
  37. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/220301842
  38. https://www.nswrail.net/lines/show.php?name=NSW:corowa
  39. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1876397
  40. https://www.murrayirrigation.com.au/our-history
  41. https://www.bitre.gov.au/sites/default/files/report_136.pdf
  42. https://www.outbackmag.com.au/corowa-nsw-2646/
  43. https://www.olg.nsw.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/LGBC-Corowa-Lockhart-Urana.pdf
  44. https://www.federationcouncil.nsw.gov.au/files/assets/public/v/1/document-library/corporate-documents/other/the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-amalgamation-and-federation-council%25E2%2580%2599s-financial-sustainability-journey-report.pdf
  45. https://www.mdba.gov.au/water-management/basin-plan/basin-plan-timeline-and-history
  46. https://www.federationcouncil.nsw.gov.au/Living-Here/Sport-Recreation/Swimming-Pools/Corowa-Aquatic-Centre
  47. https://www.federationcouncil.nsw.gov.au/files/assets/public/v/1/document-library/facilities/corowa-aquatic-centre/corowa-aquatic-centre-service-review-report-june-2023.pdf
  48. https://issuu.com/federationcouncil/docs/corowa-history-trail
  49. https://abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/SAL11080
  50. https://profile.id.com.au/federation/about
  51. https://www.bitre.gov.au/sites/default/files/report_122.pdf
  52. https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2016/SSC11080
  53. https://profile.id.com.au/federation/population-estimate?WebID=100
  54. https://app.remplan.com.au/federation/community/population/indigenous?locality=corowa
  55. https://areasearch.com.au/nsw/corowa
  56. https://www.ipart.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/cm9_documents/Federation-Council-Attachment-Other-Attachment-Attachment-21.-Capacity-to-Pay-Report-24-40442.PDF
  57. https://profile.id.com.au/federation/population?WebID=100
  58. https://www.federationcouncil.nsw.gov.au/Council/Our-Organisation/Councillors
  59. https://www.abc.net.au/news/elections/nswlg/2021/federation
  60. https://www.federationcouncil.nsw.gov.au/files/assets/public/v/1/document-library/corporate-documents/on-exhibition/budget-2025-26/draft-delivery-program-operational-plan-and-annual-budget-25-26.pdf
  61. https://www.federationcouncil.nsw.gov.au/Building-Planning/Building-Renovating/What-Approvals-Do-I-Need/Development-Applications
  62. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-02-21/nsw-policy-low-and-mid-rise-housing-affordability-townhouse-flat/104964540
  63. https://www.facebook.com/groups/1807152426180751/posts/4089659181263386/
  64. https://www.ipart.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/cm9_documents/Federation-Council-Attachment-Other-Attachment-Attachment-25.-The-Adv-and-Dis-of-Amalgamation-and-Federation-Councils-Financial-Sustainability.PDF
  65. https://www.federationcouncil.nsw.gov.au/Building-Planning/Zoning-Policies/Building-Planning-Forms
  66. https://www.federationcouncil.nsw.gov.au/News-Media/DA-2020162-Council-Update-Corowa-Subdivision
  67. https://www.bordermail.com.au/story/7393231/corowa-estate-plans-still-creating-divisions/
  68. https://www.corowafreepress.com.au/news/large-subdivision-proposal-rejected/
  69. https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/nsw/NSWEPIDCP/2016/13.pdf
  70. https://economy.id.com.au/federation/value-of-agriculture?Sex=3
  71. https://www.mdba.gov.au/sites/default/files/publications/murray-lower-darling-long-term-water-plan-part-a-murray-lower-darling-catchment-draft-for-exhibition_0.pdf
  72. https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/about-us/publications/pdi/2022/rice
  73. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377425002537
  74. https://www.federationcouncil.nsw.gov.au/files/assets/public/v/1/document-library/facilities/saleyards/corowa-saleyards-masterplan.pdf
  75. https://www.just-food.com/news/jbs-makes-significant-investment-in-australian-operation/
  76. https://www.farmtransparency.org/facilities/98c24-corowa-piggery-abattoir
  77. https://www.bom.gov.au/water/market/documents/AWMR2019-20.pdf
  78. https://www.visitnsw.com/destinations/country-nsw/the-murray/corowa/attractions/corowa-federation-museum
  79. https://www.tripadvisor.com.au/Attraction_Review-g261612-d8747381-Reviews-Corowa_Federation_Museum-Corowa_New_South_Wales.html
  80. https://www.bordermail.com.au/story/8501035/community-spirit-shines-at-corowas-vibrant-federation-festival/
  81. https://corowarotary.jimdoweb.com/projects-events/federation-dinner/
  82. https://www.corowafreepress.com.au/news/wonderful-45th-federation-festival-weekend/
  83. https://www.visitnsw.com/destinations/country-nsw/the-murray/corowa/events/corowa-rotary-federation-festival
  84. https://www.visitnsw.com/destinations/country-nsw/the-murray/corowa/activities
  85. https://murraybank.com.au/activities.html
  86. https://www.federationcouncil.nsw.gov.au/Business-Investment/Become-a-North-of-the-Murray-Business-Champion/Federation-Council-Visitor-Servicing-Review
  87. https://www.federationcouncil.nsw.gov.au/files/assets/public/v/1/document-library/corporate-documents/plans-amp-strategies-ampipampr/2023-2024-strategic-documents/annual-report-2023-2024.pdf
  88. https://www.bordermail.com.au/story/6341041/29-million-corowa-solar-projects-spurred-on-by-power-deal/
  89. https://www.pv-magazine-australia.com/2021/10/15/coles-secures-path-to-100-renewable-energy-by-2025/
  90. https://corowasolar.com.au/
  91. https://www.ekathimerini.com/economy/1172070/mytilineos-completes-financing-of-solar-farm-project-in-australia/
  92. https://issuu.com/federationcouncil/docs/federation_council_annual_report_2021-2022
  93. https://issuu.com/federationcouncil/docs/annual_report_2023-2024
  94. https://www.federationcouncil.nsw.gov.au/News-Media/Successful-2023-2024-financial-year-for-the-Corowa-Aquatic-Centre
  95. https://apps.environment.nsw.gov.au/dpcheritageapp/ViewHeritageItemDetails.aspx?ID=5011978
  96. https://legislation.nsw.gov.au/view/html/inforce/current/epi-2012-0303
  97. https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/topics/heritage/heritage-grants
  98. https://www.thnsw.com.au/post/celebrating-10-years-of-the-transport-heritage-grants-program-2024-recipients-announced
  99. https://www.corowafreepress.com.au/
  100. https://www.mmg.com.au/portfolio/regional-publications/the-corowa-free-press/
  101. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.newspaperdirect.corowafreepress.market
  102. https://corowa.town/Local-Radio
  103. https://vision.org.au/radio_stations/corowa/
  104. https://www.freeview.com.au/tv-guide
  105. https://www.federationcouncil.nsw.gov.au/News-Media
  106. https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0397398/
  107. https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/john-howard/credits/3000544141/
  108. https://www.tennis.com.au/fan-zone/australian-players/sam-groth
  109. https://www.atptour.com/en/players/sam-groth/g940/bio
  110. https://www.advoc8.co/p/sam-groth
  111. http://www.draftguru.com.au/players/taylor_duryea/1
  112. https://www.imdb.com/search/title/?locations=Corowa%2C%2BNew%2BSouth%2BWales%2C%2BAustralia
  113. https://www.farmtransparency.org/videos?id=udgg388pxk
  114. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_K9-VaNPyJc
  115. https://www.corowafreepress.com.au/news/sister-city-filming-begins/
  116. https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/senate/pubs/pops/pop32/a01.pdf
  117. https://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn3096715
  118. https://www.watoday.com.au/national/victoria/why-a-group-of-neo-nazis-stormed-a-tiny-town-in-nsw-20241014-p5ki5n.html
  119. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-10-13/calls-for-nsw-to-ban-nazi-salute-white-supremacists-corowa/104467024
  120. https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/white-supremacist-thugs-condemned-over-rally-in-regional-nsw/yyqh4j4a1
  121. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-10-24/corowa-residents-targeted-white-supremacy-flyer/104510848
  122. https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2024/oct/13/sussan-ley-responds-to-white-supremacist-rally-corowa-nsw-ntwnfb
  123. https://www.abc.net.au/listen/programs/radionational-breakfast/sussan-ley-condemns-white-supremacy-rally-in-corowa/104467666
  124. https://humanrights.gov.au/about/news/media-releases/race-discrimination-commissioner-condemns-neo-nazi-rally-regional-nsw
  125. https://www.9news.com.au/national/warning-against-rising-threat-to-australia-following-neo-nazi-rally/04a0b08c-6ab8-4933-a605-46898bd3fabd
  126. https://www.theage.com.au/politics/victoria/corowa-neo-nazi-rally-sparks-call-for-united-front-against-hate-20241013-p5khvt.html
  127. https://www.abc.net.au/listen/programs/abc-news-daily/why-neo-nazis-rallied-in-a-country-town/104479882
Add your contribution
Related Hubs
User Avatar
No comments yet.