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Kingston SE
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Kingston SE
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Kingston SE (Kingston South East to distinguish it from Kingston on Murray), formerly Kingston, is a town in the Australian state of South Australia located in the state's south-east coastline on the shores of Lacepede Bay. It is located about 240 kilometres (150 miles) southeast of the state capital of Adelaide and 138 kilometres (86 miles) north-west of the centre of the city of Mount Gambier.

Key Information

At the 2021 census, Kingston SE had a population of 1,637.

History

[edit]

Aboriginal Australian people lived in the area for tens of thousands of years before the colonisation of South Australia. The place, known to the Tanganekald and Meintangk peoples as Tangalun, was at the border of the traditional lands of these two peoples.[9]

Kingston, South Australia was established in the 1800s by Archibald Cooke, his brother James Cooke,[a] and James' wife Mary Macpherson Cooke,[10] and named Kingston in 1851.[9]

Much later a Sir George Strickland Kingston, a South Australian politician, surveyor and architect was chosen, for the coincidence of his name, to open the Kingston Post Office on 9 February 1869.[10] The extension on its name is to distinguish Kingston in the South East (of South Australia) from another "Kingston" in the state which is now officially named "Kingston on Murray". The extension was added in July 1940.[11]

The present-day town of Kingston SE includes the original Kingston, as well as the towns of Port Caroline and Maria Creek.[12] The latter was so named after the Maria, which wrecked near Kingston in 1840. The 26 survivors were massacred by local Aboriginal people, after which a punitive expedition under Major O'Halloran hanged two Aboriginal people, and an unknown number of others were also killed, according to Aboriginal oral history.[9]

The town was connected to Naracoorte by a 1,067 mm railway known as the Kingston-Naracoorte railway in 1876, providing a port for the grain and wool grown away from the coast. The rails were converted to broad gauge 1,600 mm with a new station built on the edge of town in 1959. The railway closed on 28 November 1987 then was dismantled on 15 September 1991.[13]

Media

[edit]

The region was formerly serviced by two newspapers: the Kingston Weekly, the newspaper of The Kingston Traders' Association, was issued between 22 March 1946 and 30 March 1951. Later, the South-East Kingston Leader was started in Kingston, and was published from 1962 until 21 November 2001 when it was renamed Coastal Leader. It is now[when?] owned by Australian Community Media.[citation needed]

Today

[edit]

At the 2021 census, Kingston SE had a population of 1,637.[14]

The main industries are fishing, wine-making, sheep and cattle farming and recreation, the district having a large influx of tourists during holiday periods throughout the year.

The northern entrance to the town is dominated by the Big Lobster, named "Larry" by people in Kingston.[15]

The town has an Australian rules football team competing in the Kowree-Naracoorte-Tatiara Football League.[16]

Kingston SE is home to the Cape Jaffa Lighthouse, which was moved to its current location from its former location on Margaret Brock Reef, and now operates as a museum. The museum also houses a lifeboat from MS Oliva which washed ashore after two years adrift.

Climate

[edit]

Kingston SE has a warm-summer mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csb), with warm, dry summers and mild, drizzly winters. Average maxima vary from 24.8 °C (76.6 °F) in January to 14.1 °C (57.4 °F) in July and average minima fluctuate between 13.8 °C (56.8 °F) in January and 7.7 °C (45.9 °F) in July. Mean average annual precipitation is somewhat low: 494.1 mm (19.45 in), spread between 156.1 precipitation days. Extreme temperatures have ranged from 41.8 °C (107.2 °F) on 24 January 2021 to −0.7 °C (30.7 °F) on 15 June 2011.[17] Climate data was taken from the nearest weather station at Cape Jaffa.

Climate data for Kingston SE (36º58'12"S, 139º43'12"E, 17 m AMSL) (1991-2020 normals and extremes)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 41.8
(107.2) 		40.8
(105.4) 		38.4
(101.1) 		33.1
(91.6) 		27.2
(81.0) 		22.4
(72.3) 		19.5
(67.1) 		23.3
(73.9) 		27.6
(81.7) 		34.0
(93.2) 		38.4
(101.1) 		40.3
(104.5) 		41.8
(107.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 24.8
(76.6) 		24.4
(75.9) 		22.7
(72.9) 		20.0
(68.0) 		16.9
(62.4) 		14.8
(58.6) 		14.1
(57.4) 		14.6
(58.3) 		16.2
(61.2) 		18.7
(65.7) 		21.3
(70.3) 		22.9
(73.2) 		19.3
(66.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 13.8
(56.8) 		13.6
(56.5) 		12.6
(54.7) 		10.8
(51.4) 		9.4
(48.9) 		8.0
(46.4) 		7.7
(45.9) 		7.9
(46.2) 		8.6
(47.5) 		9.3
(48.7) 		10.7
(51.3) 		12.3
(54.1) 		10.4
(50.7)
Record low °C (°F) 6.5
(43.7) 		6.3
(43.3) 		5.2
(41.4) 		1.3
(34.3) 		0.0
(32.0) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		0.1
(32.2) 		0.2
(32.4) 		1.0
(33.8) 		2.6
(36.7) 		3.4
(38.1) 		4.7
(40.5) 		−0.7
(30.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 17.8
(0.70) 		16.8
(0.66) 		20.2
(0.80) 		31.8
(1.25) 		54.3
(2.14) 		69.8
(2.75) 		79.9
(3.15) 		70.1
(2.76) 		48.8
(1.92) 		32.4
(1.28) 		26.7
(1.05) 		22.6
(0.89) 		494.1
(19.45)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 5.5 4.6 8.5 12.8 17.5 19.0 20.6 21.1 16.7 12.8 8.9 8.1 156.1
Average afternoon relative humidity (%) 55 57 58 62 71 76 77 74 72 63 58 55 65
Average dew point °C (°F) 11.7
(53.1) 		12.2
(54.0) 		11.3
(52.3) 		10.3
(50.5) 		10.2
(50.4) 		9.2
(48.6) 		9.0
(48.2) 		8.6
(47.5) 		9.4
(48.9) 		9.1
(48.4) 		10.1
(50.2) 		10.5
(50.9) 		10.1
(50.2)
Source: Bureau of Meteorology (1991-2024 normals and extremes)[8]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Kingston SE

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Kingston SE, officially Kingston South East, is a small coastal town and seaport in the Limestone Coast region of , situated on Lacepede Bay approximately 290 kilometres south-east of . At the 2021 , the town had a of 1,342 residents, with a median age of 56 years, reflecting its appeal as a and recreational destination. It serves as the primary centre of the Kingston District Council, which encompasses an area of about 3,340 square kilometres and supports a broader of 2,326. Established in the with significant development from the onward, Kingston SE originated as a facilitating regional in and , evolving into a hub for sheep, farming, and later wine production. The town's economy remains anchored in primary industries, including —particularly for —and , alongside driven by its pristine beaches, , and proximity to natural attractions like the . A defining feature is the , a 17-metre fibreglass known as , erected in 1979 as a nod to the local heritage and now a major roadside landmark attracting visitors for photos and takeaway . Other notable aspects include heritage sites such as the Cape Jaffa Lighthouse and the Kingston Heritage Trail, which highlight the area's maritime and pioneering history, while safe swimming beaches and events like local markets enhance its reputation as a relaxed seaside retreat. The town's older demographic and focus on sustainable industries underscore its role in regional South Australia's rural coastal economy, with minimal urban development preserving its historic character.

Geography and Environment

Location and Physical Features

Kingston SE is situated on the southeast coastline of within the Limestone Coast region, approximately 300 kilometres southeast of on the shores of Lacepede Bay. The area forms part of a broader backed by low-lying dunes and undulating terrain characteristic of the region's sedimentary geology. The local topography features extensive sandy beaches stretching along an unbroken 180-kilometre coastal expanse from the mouth to Kingston SE, fringed by the . Prominent natural landmarks include The Granites, isolated granite outcrops emerging from the otherwise uniform sandy shoreline, located 17 kilometres north of the town centre. These formations represent rare exposed igneous features amid predominant and landscapes. To the west, Kingston SE adjoins the , encompassing parallel coastal lagoons, mobile sand dunes, and interdunal wetlands that define the Younghusband Peninsula and Sir Richard Peninsula. Offshore, the coastal environment includes limestone reef structures typical of South Australia's southeast marine region, influencing wave patterns and sediment dynamics along the bay. The absence of deep natural harbours contributes to an exposed coastline prone to strong swells.

Climate and Weather Patterns

Kingston SE experiences a cool temperate , classified under the Köppen system as Cfb, characterized by mild temperatures year-round due to the moderating influence of the nearby . This results in relatively stable conditions with limited extremes, though proximity to the coast exposes the area to occasional sea breezes and southerly winds that enhance and moderate summer heat. Mean maximum temperatures range from 21.9 °C in to 12.5 °C in , with annual average highs of 17.0 °C; corresponding mean minima vary from 10.7 °C in to 2.4 °C in , averaging 6.2 °C annually, based on data from the Kingston station spanning 1965–1976. Summers (December–February) feature mild highs around 20–22 °C and lows of 9–10 °C, while winters (June–August) bring cool days with maxima near 12–13 °C and frequent frosts at night, with minima often dipping below 3 °C. Precipitation totals approximately 674 mm annually, concentrated in the cooler months, with monthly means peaking at 68.0 mm in and averaging 46–58 mm from May to December; winter months (June–August) contribute about 170 mm combined, often from frontal systems moving off the . Rain days number around 92 per year, with higher frequencies (8–9 days per month) from May to , reflecting a pattern of reliable winter rainfall interspersed with drier summers prone to variability, including sporadic droughts as seen in regional South Australian records. Storms, typically associated with low-pressure systems, can generate strong winds exceeding 50 km/h and contribute to , though such events are infrequent outside the primary rainy season.
MonthMean Max Temp (°C)Mean Min Temp (°C)Mean Rainfall (mm)Rain Days (≥1 mm)
January21.69.746.45.5
February21.910.746.15.4
March20.49.052.16.6
April18.37.057.57.2
May15.04.655.38.0
June12.72.458.58.1
July12.52.456.38.3
August13.12.955.69.3
September14.84.451.38.0
October16.85.268.09.5
November17.67.361.88.6
December19.88.865.47.4
Annual17.06.2674.391.9
Data sourced from Bureau of Meteorology observations at Kingston station.

History

Indigenous Presence and Early European Contact

The area encompassing Kingston SE and Lacepede Bay formed part of the traditional territory of the Meintangk people, a southern group associated with the broader nation, who maintained presence there for millennia prior to European arrival. Their lands extended from Lacepede Bay northward to Granite Rocks near Kingston, supporting a mobile lifestyle centered on coastal and estuarine resources such as , , and seasonal , with of tool-making and resource processing from ethnographic records of the era. Archaeological traces indicate sparse, seasonal campsites rather than permanent large-scale settlements, consistent with a adaptation to the region's mallee scrub, dunes, and bays, where deposits and stone artifacts reflect intermittent occupation tied to marine abundance. Initial European contact occurred sporadically in the 1830s and 1840s through maritime and overland explorations probing South Australia's southeast frontier. Surveyors and whalers noted Indigenous presence along the coast, describing small groups engaged in and shellfish gathering, with no reports of dense populations or fixed villages. A pivotal event unfolded on December 4, 1840, when the Maria wrecked off Lacepede Bay near present-day Kingston SE; of the 25 survivors who reached shore, interactions with local Meintangk people initially involved guidance inland before escalating to violence, resulting in the deaths of by a group estimated at around 150 Aboriginal individuals. This incident, documented in colonial dispatches, highlighted early tensions arising from resource competition and cultural misunderstandings in an otherwise sparsely documented contact phase, preceding organized settlement.

Founding and 19th-Century Development

Kingston SE was established in 1858 as a coastal port town in South Australia's southeast, surveyed by George Strickland Kingston, a colonial , , and who had previously contributed to the layout of . The site was selected for its potential to serve as an export hub amid the colony's push to develop in the underutilized southeastern districts, where and production were expanding due to land availability and suitable soils. Governor Sir Richard Graves MacDonnell formally named the town Kingston in honor of the surveyor, reflecting the era's reliance on private initiative and individual figures in colonial settlement planning. Initial growth centered on maritime trade, with settlers drawn by opportunities in farming and shipping; from sheep stations and from fields inland were primary exports, necessitating to overcome the area's exposed coastline and shallow approaches. In 1864–1865, the first was built to a length of 511 feet (156 meters), allowing vessels to load more efficiently despite persistent challenges from southerly and silting. This facility spurred further settlement, as it connected the town to and interstate markets, fostering a modest influx of European families primarily from Britain and who established homesteads and small businesses. By the late , the town's core featured stone and brick structures embodying Victorian architectural influences, such as symmetrical facades and ornamental detailing adapted to local materials, with several buildings later recognized for their heritage value due to their role in early commercial and residential life. emerged as a supplementary industry toward century's end, leveraging the adjacent Lacepede Bay for and finfish, though remained dominant. These developments solidified Kingston's function as a supply point for the rural , underscoring the causal link between port access and inland productivity in colonial expansion.

20th-Century Changes and Modern Era

In July 1940, the town was officially renamed Kingston SE to distinguish it from Kingston on the River Murray, as approved by the South Australian Executive Council amid a broader initiative to clarify place names across the state. This change addressed postal and administrative confusion without altering the town's core functions, which remained centered on and coastal trade. Throughout the mid-20th century, Kingston SE experienced limited infrastructural expansion compared to larger ports, with export trade diminishing as shipping patterns shifted toward major facilities like . A notable preservation effort occurred in 1975, when the Cape Jaffa Lighthouse—originally erected on Margaret Brock Reef in 1872—was dismantled due to structural deterioration from marine exposure and reassembled on the Kingston SE foreshore for public access and maintenance. This relocation, overseen by maritime authorities, marked one of the few significant harbor-related updates, reflecting a transition from active to heritage asset amid declining commercial shipping reliance. In the , infrastructure priorities have addressed environmental and health vulnerabilities from outdated systems. Community wastewater management schemes expanded in the , with a $25 million project prioritized in 2025 to connect 651 properties to centralized , mitigating contamination and risks posed by aging septic tanks in high-water-table coastal areas. These upgrades, funded through state and local initiatives, aim to support sustainable growth while reducing discharge threats to local aquifers and marine environments.

Demographics and Society

Population and Composition

At the 2021 Australian Census, Kingston Se had a usual resident population of 1,342 people. This represented a decline of 51 persons, or approximately 3.7%, from the 1,393 residents recorded in the 2016 Census. The population is evenly distributed by sex, with 49.9% male and 50.1% female. The demographic profile indicates an aging community, with a median age of 56 years. Children aged 0-14 comprised 13.1% of residents (175 persons), while the working-age group of 15-64 years accounted for 53.7% (720 persons), and those aged 65 and over formed the largest segment at 33.3% (447 persons). This structure reflects a high proportion of retirees and limited youth retention, contributing to the observed amid broader regional patterns of outmigration by younger residents seeking elsewhere. Ethnically, the population is predominantly of Anglo-Australian heritage, with the most commonly reported ancestries being (47.5%), (45.8%), and Scottish (9.3%). was the birthplace for 86.3% of residents, followed by (3.0%) and New Zealand (1.6%). English was spoken at home by 92.6% of the . Aboriginal and Islander people constituted 3.2% (43 persons), a small but notable minority. Seasonal fluctuations occur due to , though figures capture permanent residents only.

Community and Social Structure

The social organization of Kingston SE centers on the Kingston District Council, which oversees community directories and supports local groups that promote cohesion in this rural setting. These institutions emphasize volunteerism and mutual support, characteristic of small-town dynamics where residents often participate in shared activities to maintain intergenerational connections rooted in longstanding local traditions. Educational facilities like Kingston Community School serve as key social hubs, integrating pastoral care programs funded by ecumenical Christian groups to address student and family wellbeing. Religious organizations further strengthen communal ties, including the Anglican Parish of Kingston-Robe with services at Holy Trinity Church, St Johns Lutheran Church offering worship and chaplaincy support, and Kingston Uniting Church providing regular gatherings. Volunteer-driven entities, such as the Kingston Community Foundation—which invests in local beneficiaries through donations—and the Agricultural, Pastoral & Horticultural (AP&H) , encourage active involvement in efforts. Opportunities for span , , and support services, reflecting a pattern of resident-led initiatives that mitigate the challenges of rural sparsity. Daily life patterns exhibit low reported , with violent incidents at approximately 1 per 6.26 residents and break-ins 29.7% below the South Australian average in 2022-2024, contributing to a of that bolsters social trust. However, the town's small scale and geographic isolation can foster anecdotal senses of limited external social networks, though formal data on isolation remains sparse and groups actively counter this through localized engagement.

Economy and Infrastructure

Primary Industries and Employment

The economy of Kingston SE and the broader Kingston District Council area relies heavily on primary industries, particularly and . Livestock farming, including specialised for and as well as operations, forms a , with sheep-beef farming also prominent. targets southern rock and in the southern zone of South Australia's , contributing to local processing activities that employ residents in seafood handling and export preparation. In the , agriculture, forestry, and fishing accounted for 21.9% of employment among 1,062 workers aged 15 years and over in the Kingston , with specialised alone employing 9.8% and farming 6.2%. These sectors face challenges from regulatory quotas to prevent , market price volatility, and recent disruptions such as the 2025 abalone viral ganglioneuritis outbreak, which prompted a 12-month closure of abalone harvesting from the River to the Victorian border, impacting southern fisheries including those near Kingston SE. While primary industries remain dominant, there has been a gradual shift toward service-oriented , with tourism-related roles in cafes and accommodation emerging to support visitors drawn to coastal activities, supplementing traditional livelihoods amid fluctuating primary sector outputs. This diversification reflects efforts to bolster economic resilience in the rural coastal setting.

Infrastructure Developments and Challenges

The Kingston SE jetty, a historic structure owned by the South Australian state government and managed by the Department of Infrastructure and Transport, has faced ongoing challenges due to its exposed position on the coastline, limiting major port expansions historically intended for commercial shipping. Storms in June 2025 caused significant damage, with sections washed away by high seas, exacerbating deterioration that dates back decades and prompting warnings of potential closure within five years absent repairs. Recent upgrades have focused on recreational use, including maintenance for and diving access, though funding disputes between councils and the state have delayed comprehensive restoration amid broader jetty decay across . Sewerage infrastructure has been a persistent issue, with much of Kingston SE relying on septic systems prone to overflows during heavy rainfall, posing risks highlighted by concerns since 2020. In response, the Kingston District Council prioritized a $25 million wastewater scheme extension in 2025, aiming to connect 651 properties in areas like Rosetown, Wyomi, and Pinks Beach to centralized systems, following public consultations and flood-related incidents that intensified calls for upgrades. Road connections to Adelaide primarily follow the (part of national routes M1/A1/B1/R1), providing a reliable link via Tailem Bend, though the Southern Ports Highway segment to supports local freight without major recent disruptions reported. Electricity and other utilities, supplied through regional networks, remain generally dependable but are vulnerable to coastal storms, as evidenced by outages and flooding in Kingston SE during wild weather events in June and July 2025. The Kingston District Council's 2025-26 Infrastructure and Asset Management Plan outlines ongoing maintenance to mitigate such weather-related vulnerabilities across assets.

Culture, Attractions, and Media

Notable Landmarks and Tourism

Kingston SE features several iconic landmarks that serve as popular photo opportunities and recreational sites. , locally known as , is a large concrete sculpture erected in 1979 as a tribute to the region's industry, drawing visitors for its novelty and roadside appeal; it was voted Australia's top "Big Thing" in a 2021 national poll. The Cape Jaffa Lighthouse, originally constructed in 1878 on Margaret Brock Reef and relocated to the Kingston SE foreshore between 1974 and 1976 after decommissioning, now functions as a showcasing and life. The , a functional structure extending over sand dunes into Lacepede Bay, supports fishing activities, particularly during the annual season, and offers scenic views for . The area's beaches, including Kingston SE Beach, provide opportunities for swimming and coastal relaxation, while The Granites—a series of exposed rock formations—serve as a site for exploration and picnicking amid natural granite outcrops. These natural features contribute to the town's appeal for leisurely outdoor pursuits. A self-guided encompasses approximately 35 sites, highlighting mid-19th and early 20th-century buildings that reflect the town's industrial and maritime past, such as preserved structures in the local precinct; the 90-minute walk encourages visitors to engage with architectural remnants of European settlement. Positioned as a gateway to the , Kingston SE facilitates eco-tourism focused on the adjacent coastal lagoons, sand dunes, and wetlands, where visitors pursue activities like and in a serene environment.

Local Events, Media, and Cultural Life

The Kingston SE Show, an annual agricultural event held on the first of October, features judging, equestrian displays, and crafts competitions, and sidestalls, drawing community participation from the Limestone Coast region. The Cape Jaffa Seafood and Wine Festival, established in 1998, celebrates local fishing traditions with tastings of , wines, and craft beers, alongside live music and activities, typically in late . Other recurring gatherings include the Kingston SE Foreshore Festival, which offers coastal with food stalls, drinks, and performances, and seasonal markets such as the Kingston Market, emphasizing fresh , , and handmade goods. events feature community breakfasts and citizenship ceremonies from early morning, reinforcing local civic traditions. Local media sustains community awareness through dedicated outlets. Community radio station 5THE FM, broadcasting on 107.5 MHz, provides volunteer-driven programming focused on regional , music, and event coverage for Kingston SE and surrounding areas. Print and digital comes via the Coastal Leader, which reports on Kingston district matters including Robe and Cape Jaffa, and Limestone Coast Today, a regional newspaper serving rural South East audiences with updates on agriculture, weather, and council decisions. ABC South East SA offers with local content accessible via radio and online, including calls for community input on regional issues. Cultural life centers on coastal heritage and creative pursuits, with initiatives like murals depicting wind and sea themes, and heritage signage trails interpreting pioneer and . Workshops, such as traditional weaving sessions led by Boandik First Nations artists using contemporary materials, occur during events like the Nature Festival, fostering intergenerational skill-sharing. These activities, alongside installations and guided heritage tours, reflect a community emphasis on serene seaside identity and local craftsmanship, as promoted through resources highlighting the town's quiet, nature-oriented rhythm.

Controversies and Historical Disputes

Maria Shipwreck Massacre and Interpretations

The brig Maria wrecked on the Margaret Brock Reef off Cape Jaffa near Lacepede Bay on 28 June 1840, with 26 survivors reaching the shore after initial losses at sea. Local Tanganekald people of the Milmendjeri clan initially provided aid to the survivors as they traveled eastward along the Coorong toward Adelaide, but tensions escalated when some sailors attempted to seize Aboriginal women, prompting a reprisal in which 25 of the survivors—comprising passengers and crew—were killed with clubs and spears. The sole survivor, 13-year-old cabin boy James Curnow, was taken inland by a Tanganekald family, protected from the violence, and returned to Adelaide in September 1840 after being located by search parties; his account corroborated the sequence of initial assistance followed by lethal conflict over the women's assault. In response, Governor George Gawler dispatched a led by Major Thomas O'Halloran, which captured two Aboriginal men identified as instigators through Curnow's description and local ; these men were summarily tried and executed by hanging at Pilgery near the massacre site on 30 July 1840, with the action later censured by the for exceeding authority and lacking . Empirical records, including survivor , expedition reports, and the absence of any other returned victims, confirm the death toll of 25 Europeans in the incident, framing it as a of shipwrecked individuals amid territorial intrusions and resource strains, though traced to the attempted . A 1966 monument in Apex Park, Kingston SE, erected by the of , commemorates the victims by name and describes the event as a by the "fierce Milmendjuri ," emphasizing the executions as retribution without detailing provocations. The 2023–2024 "" project, initiated by Tanganekald academic Irene Watson in collaboration with the Kingston SE , installed interpretive signs, a native plant garden, and a sculpture in the same park to incorporate Indigenous oral histories and perspectives, highlighting themes of land dispossession, colonization's disruptions, and the sailors' interference with women as contextual factors in the killings. While the project reframes the narrative to counter "colonial " and promote "de-colonial futures," primary from 1840—including the verified executions and Curnow's unchallenged account—upholds the incident's as a , with modern additions affirming rather than altering the empirical sequence of survivor deaths despite broader socio-economic tensions.

References

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  38. https://www.volunteer.com.au/volunteering/in-kingston-se-sa-5275
  39. https://www.microburbs.com.au/Crime-Disadvantage/Kingston-Se
  40. https://openstats.com.au/dashboards/crime/suburb/kingston-se/
  41. https://www.kingstondc.sa.gov.au/our-community/community-resilience/programs-and-resources
  42. https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/LGA43360
  43. https://www.kingstondc.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0037/1833877/2025-2026-Annual-Business-Plan-ADOPTED-Reduced.pdf
  44. https://pir.sa.gov.au/primary_industry/commercial_fishing/commercial_fisheries/rock_lobster_fishery
  45. https://pir.sa.gov.au/recreational_fishing/rules/fishing_closures
  46. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-03-07/avg-forces-southern-sa-abalone-fishery-closure/105021492
  47. https://www.kingstondc.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0031/1665148/Strategic-Plan-2023-2027-Reviewed-August-2024.pdf
  48. https://www.kingstondc.sa.gov.au/our-council/public-consultation/latest-news/kingston-jetty-update
  49. https://www.facebook.com/7NEWSAdelaide/posts/the-historic-jetty-at-kingston-in-the-states-south-east-has-sustained-major-dama/1048655424077490/
  50. https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/kingston-se-jetty-could-close-within-five-years/news-story/903c267c82d0c60c26ef72d3da7d4d96
  51. https://sdfsa.net/sdfsa-issues/sa-jetties/
  52. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-02-07/regional-south-australia-jetties-face-costly-repairs/103432172
  53. https://www.facebook.com/abcsoutheastsa/posts/residents-without-sewerage-connections-in-the-south-australian-town-of-kingston-/1256681802800312/
  54. https://www.kingstondc.sa.gov.au/our-services/major-projects/cwms-extension-rosetown%2C-wyomi-and-pinks-beach
  55. https://www.expressway.net.au/gallery/roads/sa/alphanumeric/m1_a1_b1_r1/02_kingstonse-tailembend/index.html
  56. https://dit.sa.gov.au/infrastructure/projects/southern-ports-highway-project
  57. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-06-25/wild-weather-king-tides-flooding-damage-south-australia/105455576
  58. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-07-23/kingston-south-east-flooding-robe-storm-damage/105562150
  59. https://www.kingstondc.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0034/1833946/Infrastructure-Asset-Management-Plan.pdf
  60. https://www.capejaffalighthouse.org.au/cape-jaffa-lighthouse-history
  61. https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g261648-d12981383-Reviews-Kingston_Jetty-Kingston_SE_South_Australia.html
  62. https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attractions-g261648-Activities-Kingston_SE_South_Australia.html
  63. https://www.sacountryshows.com/event/kingston-s-e-show/
  64. https://www.kingstondc.sa.gov.au/our-community/event-calendar/events/cape-jaffa-seafood-and-wine-fest2
  65. https://www.facebook.com/kingstonseforeshorefest/
  66. https://app.advcollective.com/travel-guides/Mount-Gambier/kingston-community-market-vibrant-local-flavors-south-australia
  67. https://kingstonforeshorecaravanpark.com.au/events-in-kingston-se-summer-holidays-2022-2023/
  68. https://kingstonse.sa.guide/Local-Radio
  69. https://www.facebook.com/coastalleader/
  70. https://todaynewsgroup.com.au/products/newspapers/limestone-coast-today/
  71. https://www.abc.net.au/southeastsa
  72. https://www.kingstondc.sa.gov.au/discover/things-to-see-and-do/arts-and-heritage
  73. https://www.naturefestival.org.au/event/kingston-weaving-workshops
  74. https://www.discoverkingstonse.au/experience-local
  75. https://www.monumentaustralia.org/themes/conflict/indigenous/display/51020-maria-monument
  76. http://www.jaunay.com/maria.html
  77. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-11-27/indigenous-telling-whole-story-project-maria-shipwreck/102726758
  78. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-11-16/telling-the-whole-story-maria-shipwreck-massacre/104591984
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