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Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles
Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles
Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles
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Key Information

M1078A1P2 2.5-ton LMTV cargo[1]
Specifications
Mass10,390 kg (22,904 lbs) (curb w/fuel); 2,268 kg (5000 lbs) (payload)
Length6.739 m (22.1 feet)
Width2.438 m (7.99 feet)
Height2.83 m (9.28 feet)
Crew2
Armora-kit/b-kit; U.S. Army Long Term Armor Strategy (LTAS) compliant
EngineCaterpillar (CAT) C7, 7.2-liter, 6-cylinder inline water-cooled diesel developing 275 hp (EPA 2007)
Payload capacityrated at 2.5 U.S. tons
TransmissionAllison 3700 SP 7-speed automatic with integral single speed transfer case
SuspensionParabolic tapered leaf springs and telescopic shock-absorbers
Fuel capacity212 litres (56 US Gallons)
Operational
range
483 km (300 miles)
Maximum speed94 km/h (58 mph)
Steering
system
Power-assisted, front axle
M1083A1P2 5-ton MTV cargo[1]
Specifications
Mass11,280 kg (24,870 lbs) (curb w/fuel); 4,535 kg (10,000 lbs) (payload)
Length7.272 m
Width2.438 m
Height2.83 m
Crew2
Armora-kit/b-kit; U.S. Army Long Term Armor Strategy (LTAS) compliant
EngineCaterpillar (CAT) C7, 7.2-liter, 6-cylinder inline water-cooled diesel developing 330 hp (EPA 2007)
Payload capacityRated at 5 U.S. tons
TransmissionAllison 3700 SP 7-speed automatic with integral single speed transfer case
SuspensionParabolic tapered leaf springs (inverted on rear bogies), telescopic shock-absorbers and an anti-roll bar on rear bogie
Fuel capacity212 litres
Operational
range
483 km
Maximum speed94 km/h
Steering
system
Power-assisted, front axle

The Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) are a series of military vehicles based upon a common chassis, varying by payload and mission requirements. The FMTV is derived from the Austrian Steyr 12M18 truck, but substantially modified to meet United States Army requirements. These include a minimum 50 percent U.S. content.[3][4]

There were originally 17 FMTV variants—four variants in the nominal 2.5 U.S. ton payload class, designated Light Medium Tactical Vehicle (LMTV), and 13 variants with a nominal 5 U.S. ton payload rating, called Medium Tactical Vehicle (MTV).[5]

Since the first FMTVs were fielded in January 1996, the family has been expanded and the overall design enhanced considerably. The FMTV was originally manufactured by Stewart & Stevenson (1996–2006), then by Armor Holdings (2006–2007), next by BAE Systems Platforms & Services. Since 2011 it has been manufactured by Oshkosh Corporation.[3]

Development and production history

[edit]

The FMTV's origins trace back to a U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) requirements document issued in 1983 for a Medium Tactical Truck (MTT), the intended replacement for the in-service 2.5-ton truck. In July 1984, a program to look at a future 5-ton truck procurement to replace in-service 2.5- and 5-ton trucks began. Cost analysis demonstrated that the procurement should be for both 2.5- and 5-ton trucks. In October 1984, the FMTV formally began as a program. The request for proposals (RFP) for FMTV was released in 1988. At this time it was expected that around 120,000 trucks would be ordered, over three five-year contracts.[3][6]

In October 1988, the United States Army awarded contracts to Stewart & Stevenson, the Tactical Truck Corporation, a 50/50 joint venture between General Motors Military Vehicles and the BMY Wheeled Vehicle Division of the Harsco Corporation, and Teledyne Continental Motors, for 15 prototype vehicles each, to be completed by January 1989. In October 1991 a five-year FMTV contract was awarded to Stewart & Stevenson. The initial contract order total was expected to be 20,000 vehicles. This was reduced to 10,843 vehicles, and valued at US$1.2 billion. Some options were added, raising the total to 11,197 vehicles over seven contract years. In January 1996, the first FMTVs were fielded.[3][6]

In October 1998, Stewart & Stevenson was awarded the second FMTV contract, for 8,000 trucks and 1,500 companion trailers, for $1.4 billion. Total quantities including options were 11,491 trucks and 2,292 trailers, delivered between September 1999 and October 2004. Trucks were the improved A1 model, with improvements including an uprated engine (1998 EPA compliant) and transmission, and the introduction of ABS braking. In July 2000, the first A1 models were fielded .[3][6]

In April 2001, Stewart & Stevenson and Oshkosh Truck Corporation were awarded contracts for the Evaluation Phase (Phase 1) of the FMTV A1 Competitive Rebuy (FMTV A1 CR) program for the next FMTV production contract. Following trials and evaluation, in April 2003 the contract was awarded to Stewart & Stevenson. Production of the FMTV A1 CR, designated FMTV A1R, began in Q3 2004. Improvements to A1R models were numerous, and included a new EPA 2004 compliant Caterpillar C7 engine. A total of 21,149 FMTVs and companion trailers were built under the FMTV A1R contract award.[3]

In May 2006, Stewart & Stevenson was acquired by Armor Holdings Inc.[7] In August 2007, Armor Holdings was acquired by BAE Systems.[8]

The United States Army had intended that two variants of the Future Tactical Truck System (FTTS) would eventually replace virtually all of its tactical wheeled vehicle fleet, including the FMTV. The FTTS never materialized. However, along with inputs from other efforts, the FTTS continues to be used to define requirements for future United States Army trucks.[3] With the FTTS already faltering, BAE Systems was awarded a bridging contract in June 2008, for up to 10,000 FMTVs or trailers. The contract including an option for 10,000 additional vehicles, which was exercised.[9]

In May 2009, BAE Systems, Navistar Defense and Oshkosh Defense each submitted proposals for the FMTV A1P2 competitive rebuy program to the U.S. Army's Tank-Automotive and Armaments Command (TACOM) Life Cycle Management Command. In August 2009, the United States Army announced that Oshkosh Defense had been awarded the FMTV A1P2 rebuy production contract. The award was protested by both BAE Systems and Navistar.[10]

The FMTV A1P2 rebuy was awarded as a five-year 'build-to-print' requirements-type award, that at award, allowed the U.S. government to order from 0 up to 12,415 trucks and 10,926 trailers to 2014. Some FMTV variants were excluded from the rebuy competition. Those excluded include specialist FMTV variants such as HIMARS, Patriot, MEADS and LVAD, plus all the armored cabs developed by BAE Systems.[11]

In February 2012, all FMTV work with BAE Systems had concluded, minus a small number of armor B-kits. BAE Systems and legacy companies delivered around 74,000 FMTV trucks and trailers to the United States Army.[11]

In March 2012, U.S. budgetary projections suggested that due to funding constraints, the FMTV program would be terminated in FY14. Under the FMTV contract, orders could be placed until December 2013, with first deliveries to commence within one year of that, with final deliveries one year later. In October 2016, the FMTV contract was extended from September 2016 to August 2019, allowing for the continued procurement of FMTV A1P2s. One day earlier, the U.S. Army solicited proposals for the FMTV A2 rebuy competition.[11]

In January 2017, Israel's Ministry of Defense ordered 200 FMTVs from Oshkosh, in a contract valued at $200 million. Deliveries were expected to start tin 2017 and conclude in mid-2018. The MoD noted that additional orders are likely.[12] At this time Oshkosh confirmed that since deliveries started in 2010, the company had received orders for over 24,500 FMTV trucks and 11,400 FMTV trailers.[13]

On 21 September 2017, the U.S. Army made an administrative modification to the FMTV A1P2 requirements contract with Oshkosh, to establish the eighth, ninth and tenth Order Years' pricing under the contract, at an estimated value of $466 million. This administrative modification authorizes future orders under the FMTV A1P2 contract to August 2019. This contract extension will close out production of the FMTV A1P2.[13]

On 21 September 2017, an order for 1,065 FMTVs at a value of $260.1 million under Order Year 8 of the latest contract extension was announced.[13] On 27 September a further two Order Year 8 orders for a total of 148 FMTVs valued at more than $36 million was announced, with Oshkosh confirming that the company had delivered more than 36,200 FMTV trucks and trailers.[14] In November 2017, Oshkosh announced the delivery of the 25,000th FMTV truck to the US Army.[15] In June 2018, Oshkosh announced that the U.S. Army Contracting Command had placed four additional orders, for a total of 771 FMTV A1P2s, valued at $159.6 million.[16]

In February 2019, the U.S. Army Tank-automotive and Armaments Command (TACOM) Life Cycle Management Command (LCMC) placed orders with Oshkosh for a further 354 FMTV A1P2 trucks and trailers, at a value of $75 million. By February 2019, Oshkosh had delivered more than 38,100 FMTVs since the award of the FMTV A1P2 contract.[17] In June 2019, the US Department of Defence awarded Oshkosh a $320,000,000 modification to domestic and Foreign Military Sales (Argentina, Djibouti, Iraq, Lebanon, Romania) contract, for procurement of Family of Medium Tactical Vehicle variants. The estimated completion date is August 2021.[18]

In August 2021, Oshkosh confirmed that the company had produced over 40,500 A1P2 trucks and trailers.[19]

FMTVs are currently[when?] being reset at the Red River Army Depot on return from deployed operations. Current projections are for a recapitalization program to begin in 2020/2021.

Description

[edit]

The 2.5-ton (4×4) FMTV is designated as the Light Medium Tactical Vehicle (LMTV). The 5-ton (6×6) is designated the Medium Tactical Vehicle (MTV).[6]

The FMTV is based on the Austrian Steyr 12 M 18 (4×4) truck, but has been localized to meet a minimum of 50% US content. The original 15 FMTV prototypes were assembled in Austria. Based on the 12 M 18 chassis-cab, they were fitted with a number of US-supplied/specification components, including a Caterpillar diesel engine, Allison automatic transmission and Meritor drive axles.[3][6]

In a move away from previous United States Army designs, a cab over engine (COE) design was selected for the FMTV, as while the US Army did not specify this configuration, given the Cold War situation prevailing at the time it had indicated that overall length for shipboard transport was a consideration.[11]

On a model-for-model basis the FMTV is around 3 ft. shorter than its bonneted predecessors, while retaining a C-130 Hercules transport capability. Subject to load dimensions, all original FMTV variants are C-130 transportable at GVWR, and all models capable of being transported underslung by helicopter are fitted with a sliding outrigger system. Low Altitude Parachute Extraction System (LAPES), later revised to Low-Velocity Air Drop (LVAD) variants of A0 production LMTV (M1081 cargo) and MTV (M1093 cargo and M1094 dump) variants were produced.[11]

The chassis and cab of the FMTV feature extensive corrosion protection. It was the first truck to pass the United States Army's 22-year accelerated corrosion test.[3][20]

The design of the FMTV has never remained static and to further increase reliability, user-friendliness, and operational flexibility, detailed refinements/upgrades have continued throughout FMTVs production run.[6]

The FMTV is built around a conventional bolted / Huck-bolted,[i] cold-formed C-section chassis, with bolted-in tubular cross-members. The high-grade 758 MPa steel used is sourced from Sweden. LMTV variants can be fitted with a DP-10J winch with an 11,000 lb. line pull. MTV variants use a DP-515 winch with a 15,500 lbs. line pull.[20]

Current production FMTV A1P2s are powered by a 2007 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emissions-compliant 7.2-liter six-cylinder Caterpillar C7 diesel engine, producing 275 hp and 860 Lb.-Ft. torque in LMTV variants and 330 hp and 860 Lb-Ft.torque in MTV variants.[1][3] FMTV A1Rs have a 2004 EPA emissions compliant version of the same engine with the same power output.[20]

FMTV A1 variants have an earlier 1998 EPA emissions-compliant version of this engine, the 3126 ATAAC, which produced 275 hp at 2,400 rpm and 815 Lb.-Ft.torque at 1,600 rpm in LMTV variants, and 330 hp and 850 Lb.-Ft.torque in MTV variants. A 6.6-liter derivative of this engine, the 3116 ATAAC, was fitted to FMTV A0 models where it produced 225 hp and 735 Lb.-Ft. torque in LMTV variants, and 290 hp at 2,600 rpm and 860 Lb.-Ft. torque in MTV variants.[20]

The Allison 3070 SP seven-speed transmission[1] fitted to A1P2 and A1R FMTVs evolved with the FMTV, its A1 designation being MD 3070 PT, its A0 designation being MD-D7. This has an integral single-speed transfer case. All-wheel drive is full-time, with a 30/70 percent front/rear torque split for on-road driving, and a 50/50 percent split for off-road driving.

All FMTV models are fitted with Meritor beam axles, with ratings and specifications evolving as the FMTV has developed. Suspension is by a combination of parabolic tapered leaf springs, inverted on the MTV rear bogie, shock absorbers, and an anti-roll bar for the rear axle/bogie.[20]

Two cargo trailers are part of the Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV). The M1082 single-axle trailer is used with the LMTV cargo truck. The M1095 twin-axle trailer is used with the MTV cargo truck. Both trailers have payloads that match that of the towing truck, and they share many components, including axles, with the towing truck.[1][6]

Variants

[edit]

(sequenced by U.S. Army M number)

An ex-Swiss military Steyr 1291
A prototype "Medium tactical vehicle" at the PROLOG '85 US Army logistics exhibition
  • M1078 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – LMTV Cargo[5] NSN 2320-01-549-8577[22]
  • M1078 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – LMTV Cargo with winch[5] NSN 2320-01-549-8611
  • M1079 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – LMTV Van[5] NSN 2320-01-552-7745
  • M1079 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – LMTV Van with winch[5] NSN 2320-01-552-7749
  • M1080 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – LMTV Chassis 3.9 m[5] NSN 2320-01-552-7791
  • M1081 A0 – LMTV Cargo-airdrop LVAD
  • M1082 A1/A1R/A1P2 – Trailer, LMTV cargo[5] NSN 2320-01-449-1775
  • M1083 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – MTV Cargo[5] NSN 2320-01-549-8610
  • M1083 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – MTV Cargo with winch[5] NSN 2320-01-549-8565
  • M1084 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – MTV Cargo with material handling equipment (MHE)[5] NSN 2320-01-552-7739
  • M1084 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2/RSV – MTV Cargo with MHE (HIMARS RSV)[5] NSN 2320-01-552-7767
  • M1085 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – MTV Cargo, Long Wheelbase Cargo (LWB)[5] NSN 2320-01-552-7773
  • M1085 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – MTV LWB Cargo with winch[5] NSN 2320-01-552-7770
  • M1085 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – MTV LWB Cargo w/ Sideboard Delete[5] NSN 2320-01-552-7770
  • M1086 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – MTV LWB Cargo with MHE[5] NSN 2320-01-552-7780
  • M1086 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – MTV LWB Cargo with MHE & winch[5] NSN 2320-01-552-7776
  • M1087 A1R/A1P2 – MTV Expansible Van[5] NSN 2320-01-552-7781
  • M1088 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – MTV Tractor[5] NSN 2320-01-552-7759
  • M1088 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – MTV Tractor with winch[5] NSN 2320-01-552-7759
  • M1089 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – MTV Wrecker Oshkosh-produced M1089 have different recovery equipment[5] NSN 2320-01-595-3994
  • M1090 A0/A1 – MTV Dump
  • M1091 – MTV 1,500 gallon Fuel Tanker Type Classified but did not enter production[20]
  • M1092 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – MTV Chassis 4.1 m[5] NSN 2320-01-552-7793
  • M1093 A0 – MTV Cargo-airdrop LVAD
  • M1094 A0 – MTV Dump-airdrop LVAD
  • M1095 A1/A1R/A1P2 – Trailer, MTV Cargo[5] NSN 2320-01-449-1776
  • M1096 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – MTV LWB Chassis 4.5 m[5] NSN 2320-01-552-7796
  • M1140 A1/A1R HIMARS High Mobility Artillery Rocket System, launcher chassis
  • M1147 LHS (palletized) Load Handling System Trailer[5] NSN 2320-01-508-7887
  • M1148 A1R/A1P2 LHS (palletized) Load Handling System Truck, eight metric tonnes / 8.8-ton[5] NSN 2320-01-557-4546
  • M1157 A1R/A1P2 10-ton Dump[5] NSN 2320-01-552-7787
  • M1157 A1R/A1P2 10-ton Dump with winch[5] NSN 2320-01-552-7782
  • XM1160 10-ton MEADS air defense chassis (5.5 m wheelbase )
  • Mongoose Mobile Launcher Chassis (MLC) (cancelled)
  • M1273 A1P2 MTV 10-ton chassis[5] NSN 2320-01-621-6239
MHE: material handling equipment
RSV: re-supply vehicle
LHS: load handling system
LWB: long wheelbase

Armored cabs and fully armored derivatives

[edit]

Current and recent operational scenarios call for logistic trucks of the FMTV type to have at least the option of cab armoring. When it entered production, armoring was not considered an option for the FMTV. The first protection solution for the FMTV was not in answer to such scenarios, but was developed by Stewart & Stevenson and O'Gara-Hess & Eisenhardt Armoring Company (OHE). Called the Crew Protected Cab, it was specifically for the HIMARS variant and offered flash and Foreign Object Debris (FOD) protection during launch. Designs followed for an Enhanced Crew Protected Cab, and later an Armor Protected Cab, each adding more ballistic capability against direct fire, artillery burst and mines.[6]

To meet emerging threats on deployed operations, in March 2004 DRS Technical Services was awarded a $16.3 million contract to provide 272 armor protection kits for the FMTV. 1,862 kits were produced. These kits were based around ballistic-protection panels installed on standard FMTV cabs.[23]

In answer to demands for greater crew protection, BAE Systems developed the Low Signature Armored Cab (LSAC) for all variants of the FMTV. The LSAC replaced the standard FMTV cab, with which it shares internals, in a remove and replace operation.[24]

To meet the US Army's current Long Term Armor Strategy (LTAS) for armored cabs, BAE Systems developed the LTAS cab for the FMTV. BAE Systems produced over 9,000 LTAS cabs for the FMTV A1P2 variant. All Oshkosh FMTV vehicles include the company's own LTAS-compliant armor solution.[1]

The LTAS is based around the A and B kit principles, allowing for vehicles to be armored as required, with the add-on applique package adaptable to prevailing threats and upgradeable as new armoring technologies emerge. The A-Kit, which includes a new cab, modifies the FMTV to allow the addition of armour. The B-Kit is the bulk of the armor itself.[25]

The Caiman Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicle is based on the MTV A1R platform. The United States Marines placed an initial order with the then Armor Holdings for 1,170 Caiman in July 2007. 2,868 Caiman were ordered, with deliveries completed in November 2008. In winter 2010, BAE Systems unveiled the Caiman MultiTerrain Vehicle (MTV) at AUSA. The Caiman MTV is a modified version of the base Caiman, that features a revised driveline, a new chassis and upgraded fully independent suspension.[3]

BAE Systems received contracts to upgrade 2,071 (1,700 + 371) Caiman to Caiman MTV standard. These upgrades were completed in Q1/Q2 2014. Post-Afghanistan, no Caiman MRAPs have been retained by U.S. armed forces. Some have been transferred to U.S. law enforcement agencies. Others have been offered as Excess Defense Articles (EDA) to Iraq, Jordan, Nigeria and the United Arab Emirates (UAE).[3]

In 2008, BAE Systems unveiled the Caiman Light (CLT), a five-man 4×4 version of the Caiman. To meet the Iraqi Light Armored Vehicle Requirement (ILAV), BAE Systems offered a fully armored LMTV on which the LSAC cab was extended rearwards, into a troop carrying body. Neither of these proposals entered production.[3]

Prototype and developmental FMTVs

[edit]
  • Working with Multidrive an LMTV was integrated with a powered companion trailer to produce a C-130 Hercules transportable vehicle with a 15,000 kg payload.
  • The FMTV Hybrid Hydraulic Vehicle (HHV) was selected as the test platform for the development of a hybrid hydraulic propulsion system.
  • The FMTV was selected as the platform to demonstrate that a 155 mm M777 howitzer and prime mover could, for the first time, be deployed in the same C-130 aircraft.
  • Stewart & Stevenson produced five hybrid electric FMTVs, each tailored for a specific application.
  • Stewart & Stevenson developed an 11-ton FMTV A1 demonstrator to demonstrate the growth potential of the FMTV family and C4ISR integration potential, via technology insertions, while retaining maximum commonality with the current FMTV fleet. A second vehicle with a tilt-type loadbed was also developed as part of the aborted Future Tactical Truck System (FTTS) requirement. A 13-ton demonstrator then followed.
  • Stewart & Stevenson developed a 13-ton Medium Tactical Truck Demonstrator (MTTD) that incorporated many of the technologies and capabilities that the Army then envisioned for its future trucks.
  • A number of 8×8 FMTVs have also been developed, these including examples for Australia's Land 121 (awarded to Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles (RMMV)), a 13-ton demonstrator with a load handling system, and a pair of chassis as part of the Future Tactical Truck System (FTTS) undertaking.
  • Oshkosh Corporation unveiled the FMTV Enhanced Protection & Mobility Demonstrator (EPMD) during 2012. The FMTV EPMD is fitted with Oshkosh's TAK-4 independent suspension system and a custom-fitted Oshkosh Underbody Improvement Kit (UIK).[26]
  • To help inform the U.S. Army's FMTV A2 acquisition strategy and performance upgrade requirements Nevada Automotive Test Center was awarded a contract in 2014 to manufacture and test two FMTV Technology Demonstrators. These are based on government-supplied M1157 A1P2 10-ton Dump chassis produced by Oshkosh, but upgraded by NATC. Testing concluded in February 2016.

FMTV A2

[edit]

Early in 2014, the U.S. Army's Program Executive Officer for Combat Support and Combat Service Support (CS CSS) suggested that the Army would be seeking a new medium truck family in the mid-2020s.[27] In October 2016 the U.S. Army solicited proposals for the FMTV A2 rebuy competition.

The FMTV A2 request for proposals (RfP) stated the program would seek "to integrate higher capacity suspension, wheels, and tires; integrate underbody protection; increase engine power; integrate higher capacity alternator; integrate data bus upgrade; and integrate safety enhancements". The winner of the contract would be asked to integrate such upgrades; build the vehicles, trailers, and kits; and provide program, maintenance, and logistics support. According to the RfP, the FMTV A2 contract is expected to cover five ordering years with two additional one-year option periods for a potential total of 2,400 vehicles if all options are exercise.[28]

In a subsequent statement, an Army spokesman said the RfP "includes an estimated quantity of approximately 2,400 new production vehicles. However, the actual quantities in any future award are undetermined and will depend on proposed pricing for this quantity, army requirements, and available funding."[29]

Oshkosh will build A2 FMTVs.

In May 2017, Oshkosh submitted a proposal in response to the RfP for the Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) A2 production effort.[30] At this point, the U.S. Army anticipated a contract award announcement in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 and stated that the next generation FMTV A2 would comprise 16 models and three trailers.[14]

In February 2018, the Army selected Oshkosh to build to FMTV A2. The initial estimated contract value is $476.2 million, with no cap on the number of vehicles the Army may purchase. The firm fixed price contract covers a five-year ordering period, plus two additional one-year options. The estimated date of completion has previously been quoted as February 2022. Both Oshkosh and AM General submitted bids for the requirement.[31]

Following the FMTV A2 award, Oshkosh initially built and delivered vehicles in support of Production Verification Testing (PVT), Live Fire Testing (LFT) and logistics development.[11] In August 2021, it was announced by Oshkosh that the Army's Tank-Automotive and Armaments Command (TACOM) Life Cycle Management Command (LCMC) had awarded the company a $152 million delivery order for 541 FMTV A2. The Army is expected to begin fielding the A2 FMTV variant in June 2023.[19]

FMTV A2 variants are:

  • M1078A2 LMTV cargo, CARGO
  • M1079A2 LMTV Van TRUCK, VAN
  • M1080A2 LMTV Chassis CHASSIS, TRUCK
  • M1082 Trailer TRAILER, Cargo, LMTV
  • M1083A2 MTV Cargo TRUCK, CARGO
  • M1084A2 MTV Cargo with MHE TRUCK, CARGO
  • M1085A2 MTV Cargo LWB TRUCK, CARGO
  • M1086A2 MTV LWB Cargo with MHE TRUCK,
  • M1087A2 MTV Expansible Van TRUCK, VAN
  • M1088A2 MTV Tractor TRUCK TRACTOR
  • M1089A2 MTV Wrecker TRUCK, WRECKER
  • M1092A2 MTV Chassis CHASSIS, TRUCK
  • M1095 Trailer TRAILER, Cargo, MTV XXXX-XX-
  • M1096A2 MTV LWB Chassis CHASSIS, TRUCK
  • M1147 Trailer, LHST TRAILER, FMTV Load Handling
  • M1148A2 LHS Truck TRUCK, MATERIALS HANDLING CONTAINER HOISTING
  • M1157A2 10 Ton Dump TRUCK, DUMP XXXX-
  • M1157A2 10 Ton Dump with winch TRUCK, DUMP
  • M1273A2 10 Ton Dump Chassis CHASSIS,
[edit]

(Production FMTVs are presented in U.S. Army M number sequence)

  • A M1078 A1R (front), with an Oshkosh-produced M1083 A1P2 in A-kit configuration immediately behind
    A M1078 A1R (front), with an Oshkosh-produced M1083 A1P2 in A-kit configuration immediately behind
  • An Oshkosh-produced M1083 A1P2 5-ton MTV cargo in A-kit configuration
    An Oshkosh-produced M1083 A1P2 5-ton MTV cargo in A-kit configuration
  • At the Sealy, Texas production facility, a Stewart & Stevenson produced M1084 A1R MTV Cargo with Crane
    At the Sealy, Texas production facility, a Stewart & Stevenson produced M1084 A1R MTV Cargo with Crane
  • An Oshkosh-produced M1087 A1R MTV Expansible Van in A-kit configuration
    An Oshkosh-produced M1087 A1R MTV Expansible Van in A-kit configuration
  • At the Sealy Texas production facility, a Stewart & Stevenson produced M1088 A1R MTV Tractor Truck
    At the Sealy Texas production facility, a Stewart & Stevenson produced M1088 A1R MTV Tractor Truck
  • A Republic of China (Taiwan) army BAE Systems-produced M1088 FMTV tractor truck in the car park of Hukou Camp
    A Republic of China (Taiwan) army BAE Systems-produced M1088 FMTV tractor truck in the car park of Hukou Camp
  • An Oshkosh-produced M1089 A1P2 MTV wrecker in A-kit configuration
    An Oshkosh-produced M1089 A1P2 MTV wrecker in A-kit configuration
  • At Stewart & Stevenson's Sealy Texas production facility, a M1095 A1R MTV trailer
    At Stewart & Stevenson's Sealy Texas production facility, a M1095 A1R MTV trailer
  • At Stewart & Stevenson's Sealy Texas production facility, a M1096 A1R MTV Long Wheelbase (4.5 m) Chassis
    At Stewart & Stevenson's Sealy Texas production facility, a M1096 A1R MTV Long Wheelbase (4.5 m) Chassis
  • Two Lockheed Martin/BAE Systems M1140 High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS) of the U.S. Marines
    Two Lockheed Martin/BAE Systems M1140 High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS) of the U.S. Marines
  • Stewart & Stevenson produced M1148 A1R MTV LHS
    Stewart & Stevenson produced M1148 A1R MTV LHS
  • An Oshkosh-produced M1157 A1P2 MTV 10-ton Dump in B-kit configuration
    An Oshkosh-produced M1157 A1P2 MTV 10-ton Dump in B-kit configuration
  • Oshkosh's M1087 A1P2 LTV-based Enhanced Protection & Mobility Demonstrator (EPMD)[26]
    Oshkosh's M1087 A1P2 LTV-based Enhanced Protection & Mobility Demonstrator (EPMD)[26]
  • BAE Systems Caiman Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicles in Iraq (Caiman is based on the FMTV)
    BAE Systems Caiman Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicles in Iraq (Caiman is based on the FMTV)

Operators

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A map with FMTV operators in blue, unconfirmed quantity in yellow.

Specific details of FMTV export orders are seldom officially announced, with a large quantity of deliveries covered by assorted US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) awards. Djibouti, Lebanon and Romania were three countries listed as possible future recipients of FMTVs in a June 2019 US DoD FMS delivery announcement,[18] with Romania and Lebanon since confirmed.

(users of the FMTV-based Caiman MRAP are not included)

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles

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The Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) is a series of wheeled tactical trucks developed for the , consisting of light medium (2.5-ton payload, 4x4 configuration) and medium (5-ton payload, 6x6 configuration) variants built on common chassis to support , resupply, and mobility missions. These vehicles perform general resupply, and maintenance transport, troop movement, recovery, and line-haul operations, with capabilities for worldwide rapid deployment across primary roads, secondary trails, and cross-country terrain in all weather conditions. The FMTV is primarily operated by the U.S. Army, with variants also used by the U.S. Marine Corps and exported to allied nations. Initiated in the early to replace aging tactical truck fleets, the FMTV program awarded its initial five-year low-rate production contract worth $1.2 billion to Services, Inc. on October 11, 1991, leading to the first vehicles being fielded in January 1996. Subsequent contracts expanded production, including a 1999 A1 upgrade authorization for improved reliability and a 2003 competitive rebuy for armored cab variants, with over 14,000 units delivered by 2002. won the competitive rebuy contract in 2009, assuming production responsibility from starting in 2010; Oshkosh received a major five-year rebuy contract in 2009 for up to 23,000 vehicles and trailers, followed by additional orders totaling billions of dollars. The current FMTV A2 variant, awarded to Oshkosh Defense in February 2018 under a potential seven-year, $476 million contract with no production cap, introduces enhanced features such as increased payload capacities (up to 10 tons across variants), forward-positioned axles for better off-road performance, modular armored cabs for crew protection, and compatibility with low-velocity airdrop and trailer towing up to 21,000 pounds. Key variants include cargo trucks (with or without ), dump trucks, tractor units, wreckers, expansible vans, and recovery vehicles, all powered by a C7 7.2-liter producing 275-330 horsepower, paired with an Allison and Oshkosh's TAK-4 for superior mobility. As of 2023, approximately 74,000 FMTV trucks and trailers have been delivered, with ongoing A2 production orders exceeding 3,000 units since 2018, including recent $792 million modifications for continued deliveries through 2029 and a $214.8 million order in February 2025.

Introduction and Overview

General Description

The Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) is a series of 4x4 and 6x6 tactical trucks designed for medium-lift logistics support in the U.S. military, featuring a common chassis adapted with military-specific enhancements for operation in rough terrain and diverse environments. These vehicles emphasize durability, reliability, and performance to facilitate resupply, maintenance, and troop movement in combat and tactical scenarios. Key specifications include original payload capacities ranging from 2.5 tons in the Light Medium Tactical Vehicle (LMTV) configurations to 5 tons in the Medium Tactical Vehicle () models, with the current A2 variant offering increased capacities up to 10 tons, powered by diesel engines for efficient fuel use and high mobility. The design ensures air-transportability, with all variants compatible with C-130 and MTV models also suitable for larger platforms like the C-5 and C-17, enabling rapid worldwide deployment. Introduced into production in , the FMTV replaced the aging M35 (2.5-ton) and M54 (5-ton) truck series, which dated back to designs and suffered from high maintenance demands. The family comprises trucks, chassis, and trailers configured for roles such as cargo transport, dump operations, wrecker recovery, and tanker refueling, providing a versatile backbone for .

Role and Purpose

The Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) serves as a primary medium tactical wheeled vehicle system designed for resupply, troop movement, and equipment transportation in divisional support roles, forming the backbone of the U.S. Army's local haul, line haul, and unit resupply missions during combat operations. These vehicles enable multi-purpose transportation and unit mobility across primary roads, secondary trails, and cross-country terrain worldwide, supporting maneuver, maneuver support, and sustainment units by facilitating the distribution of supplies such as , , and general . Within the U.S. Army's sustainment doctrine, the FMTV bridges the capabilities of light tactical vehicles like the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV) and heavy tactical vehicles such as the Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck (HEMTT), allowing for rapid deployment and logistical support in contested environments. This integration enhances operational flexibility by providing a versatile fleet that supports expeditionary operations, where units require reliable medium-lift capacity to maintain momentum without relying solely on or heavier ground assets. Compared to predecessors like the 2.5-ton M35 and 5-ton M39 series trucks, the FMTV offers significant advantages in off-road capability, reliability, and maintainability, achieving eight times greater reliability, availability, and maintainability through features like design, lighter weight, and components. These improvements reduce annual operating costs from approximately $7,119 per vehicle in the legacy fleet to $1,895, while enhancing safety and maneuverability for sustained field operations. FMTVs are compatible with the M1082-series trailers, which are single-axle trailers designed specifically for towing by Light Medium Tactical Vehicle (LMTV) variants, increasing overall capacity to 5 tons (2.5 tons on the truck and 2.5 tons on the trailer) for enhanced logistical efficiency in support missions. This pairing allows for the transport of additional equipment, shelters, or supplies, optimizing the FMTV's role in unit resupply without compromising mobility.

Development and Production

Origins and Initial Procurement

In the mid-1980s, the U.S. Army recognized the need to modernize its tactical truck fleet, as the existing 2.5-ton M35 series and 5-ton M54 and M39 series vehicles, dating back to the and , were increasingly unreliable and incapable of supporting evolving logistical demands in diverse terrains and rapid deployments. This led to the initiation of the Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) program, formally beginning in October 1984 with key approvals in 1987, aimed at developing a versatile family of 4x4 and 6x6 trucks with payloads of 2.5 and 5 tons to serve as the backbone for medium tactical transportation across cargo, troop carrier, and specialized roles. The procurement process began with a competitive phase in 1988, when the awarded development contracts on to three companies—, the Tactical Truck Corporation (a of and ), and Teledyne Continental Motors—to design and build prototypes for testing. These prototypes underwent rigorous evaluation from to December 1990 at the U.S. Army Aberdeen Test Center, focusing on mobility, reliability, and maintainability. Based on the test results, was selected as the prime contractor, receiving a five-year, firm-fixed-price production contract valued at $1.2 billion on October 11, 1991, for 10,843 vehicles, with the overall program objective set at 85,488 trucks to be procured over approximately 20 years. Key milestones included low-rate initial production approval in August 1995, with the first vehicles delivered in March 1993 at Stewart & Stevenson's facility. Operational testing was completed in June 1995, achieving initial operational capability in January 1996, enabling fielding to units. The 1990-1991 further underscored the program's importance, as logistical challenges with older trucks in desert environments highlighted the critical need for faster, more reliable medium tactical vehicles to support high-tempo operations.

Production Contracts and Manufacturers

The initial production of the Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) was undertaken by from 1993 to 2006, during which the company manufactured approximately 30,000 units. These vehicles utilized the Tak-Force cab design integrated with a commercial chassis to meet military specifications for durability and versatility. Following acquisition by in 2006 and subsequent in 2007, production continued until the 2009 competitive rebuy. A major shift occurred in 2009 when Oshkosh Corporation won the FMTV A1P2 competitive rebuy contract following a competition with BAE Systems and Navistar Defense, marking its full takeover of production. This transition ended BAE Systems' role and began Oshkosh's long-term stewardship of the program. Key contracts under Oshkosh included a five-year competitive rebuy awarded in August 2009, with potential value up to $4.9 billion for up to 23,000 vehicles and trailers, with subsequent production lots extending through Lot 13 by 2011 to sustain ongoing deliveries. These agreements emphasized enhanced reliability and configuration options for the upgraded A1 series. Production has primarily taken place at Oshkosh Corporation's facility in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, enabling efficient scaling and integration of upgrades; by 2020, total FMTV trucks and trailers delivered across all manufacturers exceeded 100,000.

Recent Developments and Upgrades

In June 2025, Oshkosh Defense received a $792.4 million contract modification from the U.S. Army to extend production of the Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) A2 through February 2028, enabling continued orders for the enhanced variant, including Low Velocity Air Drop (LVAD) configurations. This extension builds on Oshkosh's role as the sole manufacturer since 2018, supporting the Army's modernization efforts with modular vehicles designed for improved tactical mobility. The fiscal year 2025 budget allocates funds for procuring 240 new FMTVs and associated trailers, primarily for the Army and Air Force, to expand operational capacity amid ongoing global commitments. Testing milestones for the FMTV A2 advanced significantly between November 2023 and June 2024, when the Army conducted live fire and low-velocity airdrop evaluations of the cargo variant at facilities like Fort Liberty, North Carolina. These trials, overseen by the Airborne and Special Operations Test Directorate, confirmed the vehicle's structural integrity during drops from C-17 aircraft and its resilience to ballistic impacts, paving the way for fielding. Procurement plans include initial orders for LVAD units in fiscal year 2025, with 80 airdroppable LVAD units (33 LMTV and 47 MTV) planned for fiscal year 2026 to meet airborne resupply needs, marking the first such dedicated order under the A2 program. The A2 family, introduced in low-rate initial production in 2020, features enhanced payloads—up to 10 tons in select configurations—along with upgraded engines and underbody protection to address evolving mission demands. These upgrades have prompted life-cycle cost adjustments in Army budgeting, increasing sustainment estimates by approximately 15% to account for advanced components and extended service life through 2040. Production faced challenges from disruptions during the , which delayed FMTV deliveries in 2021 and 2022 due to shortages and restrictions hindering inspections. Oshkosh reported these issues contributed to a temporary slowdown in output, though recovery efforts restored full-rate production by mid-2023, ensuring alignment with timelines.

Design and Technical Specifications

Chassis, Engine, and Mobility Features

The of the Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) is available in 4x4 and 6x6 configurations, built on a that supports payloads from 2.5 to 5 tons in earlier variants while maintaining high durability in tactical environments. The current A2 variant increases these to up to 3 tons for Light Medium Tactical Vehicle (LMTV) 4x4 and 7.1 tons for Medium Tactical Vehicle () 6x6 off-road. Central to its design is the Oshkosh TAK-4 independent suspension system, which employs a trailing arm setup with coil-over shocks, delivering 16 inches (406 mm) of vertical wheel travel per to improve ride quality, stability, and off-road compared to rigid systems. The A2 variant features an upgraded TAK-4 with adjustable and forward-positioned for enhanced off-road mobility. This suspension enables greater ground clearance—up to 15.6 inches with standard tires—and allows the vehicle to navigate uneven terrain at higher speeds without compromising control. Complementing the chassis is a (CTIS) that automatically or manually adjusts tire pressures from 10 to 60 psi, optimizing traction for sand, mud, or paved roads by reducing or increasing footprint as needed. The features full-time all-wheel drive with driver-selectable locking differentials on both front and rear axles (and inter-axle for 6x6 models), ensuring power distribution to all wheels even under slip conditions for superior cross-country capability. The A2 models, continuing from baseline A0 and A1, are powered by a Caterpillar C7 inline 6-cylinder, turbocharged and aftercooled diesel engine displacing 7.2 liters, rated at 275 horsepower for LMTV and 330 horsepower for MTV configurations, with potential tuning for increased output in A2. This engine is mated to an Allison 3700 SP series automatic transmission with 7 forward speeds and a two-speed transfer case, providing smooth shifting and efficient power delivery across a broad RPM range. Fuel capacity varies by model, typically 52-74 gallons depending on configuration, yielding an operational range of 300-400 miles at cruising speeds. Mobility features emphasize versatility for expeditionary operations, with a governed top speed of 55 mph (88 km/h) on highways and the ability to ford water up to 30 inches (76 cm) deep for short durations without special kits. The vehicles can climb 60% grades and traverse 30% side slopes, aided by the TAK-4 system's articulation. FMTV models are certified for low-velocity airdrop (LVAD) from C-130 aircraft and high-velocity airdrop (HVAD) from C-17 platforms, allowing rapid deployment of up to 5-ton loads into austere areas while preserving structural integrity upon impact. A2 LVAD variants include folding cabs for airdrop compatibility.

Payload, Configurations, and Capacities

The Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) encompasses payload classes tailored to tactical logistics needs, with the current A2 Light Medium Tactical Vehicle (LMTV) offering a 3-ton off-road payload in its 4x4 configuration and the Medium Tactical Vehicle (MTV) providing up to 7.1 tons off-road payload in its 6x6 setup; certain configurations, such as dump trucks, extend operational capacity to up to 10 tons on improved roads. Gross vehicle weights (GVW) for these trucks generally fall between 20,000 and 35,000 pounds, accommodating the combined curb weight, payload, and fuel for reliable mobility. Configurations within the FMTV family prioritize versatility through interchangeable body types, including cargo beds of 12.5 feet for LMTV models, 14 feet for standard MTV, or 16 feet for extended MTV variants, which facilitate secure transport of supplies, , and personnel over rough terrain. Dump bodies, such as those on the M1090 model, feature a 5-cubic-yard capacity for efficient hauling and unloading of aggregates or earth during operations. Additional options include tanker bodies capable of carrying 1,500 gallons of fuel or water on the M1091 variant, as well as modular van inserts that convert the area into enclosed spaces for troop transport, command operations, or maintenance workshops. Key capacities enhance the FMTV's logistical utility, with towing ratings reaching 12,000 pounds for LMTV models and up to 21,000 pounds for variants, enabling the pulling of trailers loaded with additional or . A2 variants support up to 21,000 pounds including howitzers and trailers. These trucks integrate seamlessly with the (PLS) for intermodal transport, allowing FMTV-loaded flatracks to be transferred to railcars or ships for long-distance movement. Modularity is a core design principle of the FMTV, achieved through quick-swap mission modules equipped with ISO-standard corner fittings that permit field crews to exchange beds—such as from to dump—in under an hour using basic tools. The A2 introduces modular armored cabs for enhanced crew protection. Integrated winches provide recovery capacities of 12,000 pounds on standard models and up to 30,000 pounds on specialized wreckers, aiding self-extraction from mud, sand, or inclines.
Payload ClassDrive ConfigurationOff-Road PayloadOn-Road Max Payload ExampleTypical GVW Range (lbs)
LMTV4x43 tonsUp to 4 tons (cargo/van)23,000–28,000
MTV6x67.1 tonsUp to 10 tons (dump)28,000–35,000
These capacities are supported by the vehicle's output, ensuring sustained performance under load, though armored variants experience reductions due to enhanced protection.

Variants and Models

Standard Cargo and Support Variants

The standard cargo variants of the Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) primarily consist of the M1083 and M1093 series, which serve as the backbone for operations in the U.S. Army. The M1083 is a 5-ton, 6x6 designed for transporting personnel, supplies, and across various terrains, featuring a drop-side bed with hinged rails for easy loading and unloading, optional bench seats for up to 14 troops, and a self-recovery with 15,500 pounds of pull capacity. It has an empty weight of approximately 20,900 pounds, a 14-foot bed, and a 161-inch , enabling a of 10,000 pounds on improved roads. The M1093 variant builds on this design but is optimized for low-velocity (LVAD) missions, maintaining the same 10,000-pound while incorporating reinforced tie-down points and a configuration compatible with C-130 drops, making it suitable for rapid deployment in austere environments. Together, these models have been produced in significant quantities as part of the broader FMTV program, with over 47,000 trucks delivered to U.S. Army units by 2010, supporting general resupply and troop mobility roles. Support variants extend the FMTV's utility in recovery and construction tasks, including wrecker and configurations. The M1089 wrecker is equipped with dual 30,000-pound main winches, each with 300 feet of cable, and a hydraulic crane rated for 11,000 pounds at a 9-foot reach, allowing it to recover and tow disabled vehicles up to 30,000 pounds in frontline conditions. This unarmored model emphasizes rapid battlefield recovery, with a 6x6 drivetrain for off-road performance and integration with standard FMTV components for logistical compatibility. The variants, such as the M1090, provide essential engineering support with a 5-cubic-yard dump body, tailgate for material containment, and a 10,000-pound tailored for hauling aggregates, soil, or debris in operations. These features enable efficient on-site , with the body designed to discharge loads at angles up to 45 degrees while maintaining vehicle stability on slopes. For long-term support roles, the M1087 van variant serves as a chassis for mounting shelters and equipment, accommodating radar systems, generators, or command modules in a protected enclosure. It supports a 5-ton payload and features a reinforced frame for heavy van bodies, ensuring reliable transport of sensitive electronics over extended distances without compromising mobility. This configuration is particularly valued for its versatility in sustaining communications and power needs during sustained operations, with the van interior providing environmental protection against dust, weather, and vibration. Overall, these standard variants form the unarmored core of the FMTV fleet, emphasizing durability and multi-role adaptability in non-combat logistics.

Specialized and Engineering Variants

The specialized variants of the Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) are tailored for , distribution, and utility missions, utilizing the core 6x6 chassis shared with standard models to ensure compatibility and logistical simplicity. These adaptations support units by enabling rapid setup of field support infrastructure, such as refueling points and maintenance bays, in austere environments. Fueler variants, exemplified by the M1091, feature a 1,500-gallon tank integrated with a pump for efficient distribution of petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) to forward units. This configuration allows for on-site refueling of vehicles and equipment, reducing dependency on larger heavy tactical vehicles like the HEMTT for short-range operations. The M1091's all-wheel drive and maintain mobility across varied terrain during POL missions. Tractor variants enhance mobility by facilitating the transport of heavy loads. The M1088 serves as a dedicated for pieces, engineer trailers, or semi-trailers, with a and self-recovery to handle up to 25,000 pounds of towed payload off-road. Complementing this, the M1079 incorporates a crane capable of lifting up to 3,000 pounds, aiding in the precise placement of engineering materials or recovery of light equipment without additional support vehicles. These tractors leverage the FMTV's 330-horsepower engine for reliable performance in sustainment roles. Engineering models provide flexible platforms for custom applications. The M1084 cab-chassis variant offers a bare frame for mounting specialized bodies, such as generator sets or bridge-launching , allowing engineers to adapt the vehicle for site-specific tasks like or support. The M1087A2 expandable van extends to over 14 feet in length when deployed, creating a sheltered workspace for field maintenance, electronics repair, or command functions, with reinforced flooring and integrated power distribution for tools and lighting. Recent A2 upgrades to these models include enhanced resistance and improved suspension for better load handling in scenarios. Current A2 variants, such as the M1083A2, incorporate these enhanced features while retaining core configurations. Across these specialized and variants, production focuses on targeted deployment within engineer battalions for specialized rather than general transport.

Armored and Protected Derivatives

The development of armored and protected derivatives for the Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) began in response to operational needs during deployments in and , where vehicles required enhanced survivability against small arms fire and improvised explosive devices (IEDs). In 2004, was awarded a to produce the Low Signature Armored Cab (LSAC), an add-on armor system designed for rapid fielding to protect crews in high-threat environments. The LSAC could be integrated during production or swapped onto existing FMTV in approximately eight hours, providing ballistic protection to the cab while maintaining the vehicle's tactical mobility. To address evolving threats, the U.S. Army adopted the Long-Term Armor Strategy (LTAS) in the mid-2000s, which introduced modular A-kit and B-kit configurations specifically for the FMTV. The A-kit consists of structural modifications to , including reinforced and mounting points, while the B-kit comprises appliqué ballistic panels that add against and fragmentation effects without permanently altering the base vehicle. , as the prime contractor at the time, produced these kits starting in , with contracts covering changes for thousands of FMTV cabs; by , over 9,000 LTAS cabs had been manufactured and fielded, enabling scalable levels based on mission requirements. These up-armored variants, often integrated with designs drawing from enhanced HMMWV configurations for improved , were applied to and support models to support logistics in contested areas. Fully protected evolutions under LTAS included options for underbody armor (C-kit), blast-attenuating seats, and floor mats to mitigate IED threats, though these additions resulted in payload reductions—typically limiting effective capacity to around 4 tons in heavily configured models. Approximately 3,480 LSAC units were retrofitted onto existing A0 and A1 FMTVs by , with production scaling to meet urgent demands in theater. However, the added weight from these kits—often exceeding 2,000 pounds—imposed mobility penalties, including reduced and increased maintenance needs, leading to their phased retirement after 2011 as part of broader fleet modernization efforts. This experience directly influenced the FMTV A2 redesign, which incorporates integral armored cabs to balance protection and performance without relying on heavy add-ons.

Modernization Programs

FMTV A1P2 Upgrade

The FMTV A1P2 upgrade program represented a major recapitalization effort for the U.S. Army's medium tactical vehicle fleet, focusing on enhancing reliability, mobility, and longevity through remanufacturing and new production. In August 2009, Oshkosh Defense was awarded a five-year, firm-fixed-price requirements contract to produce FMTV A1P2 trucks and trailers, succeeding BAE Systems as the prime contractor after a competitive rebuy process. The program aimed to remanufacture existing A0-series vehicles to the improved A1P2 standard while incorporating new builds, with initial deliveries commencing in late 2009 and full production ramping up to meet demands through 2012 and beyond. By 2019, Oshkosh had delivered more than 38,100 A1P2 trucks and trailers under the contract and its extensions, supporting Army logistics across multiple variants including cargo, wrecker, and dump configurations. Key enhancements in the A1P2 configuration centered on mobility and durability upgrades to address wear from operational use and extend fleet . The TAK-4 independent suspension system was refined for superior ride quality, off-road performance, and payload handling compared to earlier rigid-axle designs, enabling better shock absorption and reduced crew fatigue during extended missions. Engine modifications featured an enhanced C7 inline-six diesel rated at 330 horsepower, compliant with 2007 EPA emissions standards, paired with an for improved torque and . Safety features were bolstered with the addition of an (ABS) and traction control, enhancing stability on varied terrains and reducing stopping distances under load. The A1P2 program's outcomes significantly prolonged the FMTV fleet's viability, extending operational service into the by resetting older vehicles to like-new condition rather than full replacement. This approach solidified the FMTV as a cornerstone of sustainment operations, bridging to subsequent modernization efforts without major disruptions.

FMTV A2 Initiative

The FMTV A2 program emerged from the U.S. 's need to modernize its medium tactical vehicle fleet with enhanced and features, aiming to restore original design margins while incorporating advanced capabilities for future operations through the 2040s. This initiative addressed evolving battlefield requirements by prioritizing flexible configurations that support rapid mission adaptation and improved protection against threats. Key design enhancements in the FMTV A2 include a higher-capacity TAK-4 system, which improves ride quality, mobility across rough terrain, and overall vehicle stability compared to prior rigid-axle setups. The features an upgraded C7 with tuned output options ranging from 275 horsepower for lighter variants to higher ratings for heavier loads, enabling better without compromising . Payload capacity has been significantly expanded, with configurations supporting up to 10 tons for medium tactical vehicle () models—doubling the previous 5-ton limit—and 3 tons for light medium tactical vehicle (LMTV) variants, allowing greater logistical flexibility. These upgrades integrate armor readiness as a baseline feature, providing underbody and troop safety enhancements without imposing substantial weight penalties that could hinder mobility. The program expands the FMTV lineup to 12 truck variants, 4 chassis options, and 3 trailer types, encompassing cargo, wrecker, dump, and specialized support roles to cover diverse tactical needs from resupply to recovery. This modular architecture ensures commonality in parts and maintenance, reducing sustainment costs while enabling quick reconfiguration for missions requiring enhanced survivability or payload adjustments. Development progressed through engineering proposals and design finalization following the initial contract award in February 2018, with low-rate initial production commencing shortly thereafter and extensive testing—including and live-fire evaluations—conducted in the early . Vehicles achieved initial fielding by 2025, marking full operational capability for integration into units and supporting ongoing fleet recapitalization efforts. As of November 2025, production continues with recent U.S. contract awards, including $214.8 million in February 2025 for additional A2 trucks and trailers, and a $792.4 million modification in June 2025 to support deliveries through February 2029.

Prototypes and Experimental Models

The development of the Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) involved several prototypes in the early , when initial contractor partnered with Austrian firm AG to assemble 15 demonstration vehicles based on the 12M18 truck design. These prototypes, modified for U.S. specifications including enhanced and mobility, underwent rigorous testing from 1991 to 1993 at U.S. facilities to validate performance in tactical environments. The successful outcomes from these tests led to low-rate initial production approval in 1994, though the vehicles themselves did not enter service as distinct models. In the , the FMTV rebuy competition saw demonstrators from major contractors, including Oshkosh Defense and , as part of efforts to modernize the fleet. Oshkosh's submissions featured improved and integrations tested for roles, contributing data that influenced subsequent upgrades without resulting in separate production lines for those specific demonstrators. 's proposals similarly emphasized compatibility with existing systems but were not selected for the primary contract awarded to Oshkosh in 2009. Developmental models in the included hybrid electric prototypes for the FMTV platform, aimed at reducing consumption and enabling quiet operations. QinetiQ developed a hybrid FMTV truck demonstrator around 2011, integrating electric drive components to achieve up to 30% better efficiency in resupply missions compared to diesel-only variants, though it remained experimental and did not advance to production. These efforts aligned with broader explorations into adaptive vehicle technologies but focused on tactical applicability rather than full-scale deployment. Autonomous convoy variants were tested from 2018 to 2022 under the U.S. 's leader-follower initiative, equipping FMTV trucks with retrofit kits for unmanned operation in multi-vehicle formations. Demonstrations at proving grounds showed these prototypes successfully navigating off-road routes at speeds up to 40 mph while maintaining integrity, reducing required crew by up to 50% for tasks; the technology informed future unmanned systems but was not integrated into standard FMTV production. Canceled efforts in the 2000s included attempts to integrate (HEMTT) powertrain elements into FMTV designs for unified fleet maintenance, which were abandoned due to excessive redesign costs and performance mismatches. Similarly, ultra-high-mobility concepts derived from FMTV chassis were explored for enhanced cross-country capabilities but shelved in favor of 6x6 configurations to balance payload and transportability. Recent testing outcomes encompass airdrop prototypes certified for the FMTV A2 in 2024, involving modified vehicles dropped from C-130 aircraft to verify structural integrity under low-velocity conditions. These prototypes achieved successful recoveries with minimal damage, providing data that refined A2 airdrop qualifications without leading to a new variant production run.

Operators and Operational Use

Primary Military Operators

The maintain a fleet of approximately 108,800 units, with the U.S. Army as the primary operator, distributed across , Army Reserve, and components to support , transportation, and resupply missions. The Army's transition to the modernized FMTV A2 variant commenced in the early , with low-rate initial production awards beginning in 2021 to enhance mobility and payload capabilities, followed by a full-rate production decision in the first quarter of 2025. The also operates FMTVs, primarily for base support operations and rapid engineer deployable heavy teams, with recent acquisitions including 240 units funded for delivery in 2025 as part of joint modernization efforts with the Army. Exports of the FMTV are limited to U.S. allies through the (FMS) program, ensuring compatibility with American logistics and training standards. Notable recipients include , which has integrated FMTVs into its ground forces via joint production initiatives and FMS acquisitions. , , and have received FMTVs through U.S. and FMS channels, including allocations from a 2016 contract for 1,543 vehicles to support counter-terrorism and reconstruction efforts. FMTV fleet management for U.S. forces is centralized under the U.S. Army Tank-automotive and Armaments Command (TACOM) Life Cycle Management Command, which oversees sustainment, upgrades, and disposition of legacy systems. Disposal of older A0 models accelerated after 2015 as part of recapitalization efforts to prioritize A1P2 and A2 variants for improved reliability and performance.

Deployments and Combat History

The Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) entered its first significant combat deployments during Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom starting in 2003, providing essential logistics support for troop movements and supply convoys in harsh desert environments. These vehicles, including the 2.5-ton Light Medium Tactical Vehicle (LMTV) and 5-ton Medium Tactical Vehicle (MTV) variants, were integral to sustaining brigade combat teams by transporting ammunition, fuel, and other materiel across extended supply routes in Iraq and Afghanistan. Early models faced vulnerabilities to improvised explosive devices (IEDs), prompting the rapid fielding of armored cab kits in 2003 to enhance crew protection against roadside threats. In , FMTVs were pivotal during surge operations from onward, where armored configurations proved critical in mitigating IED risks during high-threat resupply missions. Over the course of operations in and through 2021, the fleet endured significant attrition from combat damage and environmental wear, necessitating extensive reset programs at facilities like to refurbish returning vehicles. Reliability in desert conditions remained high, with operational tests demonstrating availability rates exceeding requirements under sustained use in abrasive, high-temperature theaters. More recently, FMTVs have supported U.S. operations in since 2015, facilitating for counter-ISIS efforts by enabling secure in austere terrains. In , LMTV variants have been deployed as part of since 2014, participating in multinational exercises to enhance interoperability and readiness among allied forces through rotational training in , , , and . The FMTV A2 upgrade underwent live-fire testing from November 2023 to June 2024, validating its survivability in simulated combat scenarios, including ballistic impacts and airdrops, to prepare for future high-intensity operations.

References

  1. https://www.military.com/equipment/family-of-medium-tactical-vehicles-fmtv
  2. https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/FOID/Reading%2520Room/Selected_Acquisition_Reports/17-F-0571_FY2009_SARS/FMTV_SAR_Dec_2009.pdf
  3. https://www.army-technology.com/projects/oshkosh-family-of-medium-tactical-vehicles-fmtv/
  4. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA360031.pdf
  5. https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ground/fmtv.htm
  6. https://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2002/1/1/2002january-who-will-build-us-armys-new-mediumweight-truck
  7. https://www.army-technology.com/news/court-army-fmtvs-oshkosh/
  8. https://oshkoshdefense.com/u-s-army-awards-409-million-fmtv-contract-to-oshkosh-defense/
  9. https://www.army.mil/article/200297/army_moves_next_generation_of_medium_tactical_vehicles_forward
  10. https://oshkoshdefense.com/the-u-s-army-awards-oshkosh-defense-the-contract-for-the-family-of-medium-vehicles-a2-variant/
  11. https://www.dote.osd.mil/Portals/97/pub/reports/FY2023/army/2023fmtv.pdf
  12. https://oshkoshdefense.com/vehicles/medium-tactical-vehicles/fmtv-a2/
  13. https://www.govconwire.com/articles/oshkosh-defense-792m-army-contract-modification-medium-tactical-vehicle-a2
  14. https://oshkoshdefense.com/u-s-army-awards-214-8-million-in-fmtv-a2-orders/
  15. https://oshkoshdefense.com/vehicles/medium-tactical-vehicles/
  16. https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/FOID/Reading%20Room/Selected_Acquisition_Reports/17-F-0571_FY2009_SARS/FMTV_SAR_Dec_2009.pdf
  17. https://www.army.mil/article/162363/army_hosts_industry_day_for_improved_medium_tactical_vehicles
  18. https://oshkoshdefense.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/MediumTacVeh_Bro_3-23-2011.pdf
  19. https://media.defense.gov/1995/Nov/01/2001715185/-1/-1/1/96-020.pdf
  20. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA424650.pdf
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  23. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GAOREPORTS-NSIAD-96-4/pdf/GAOREPORTS-NSIAD-96-4.pdf
  24. https://www.gao.gov/assets/nsiad-93-232.pdf
  25. https://www.allisons.org/ll/4/Stewart-S/FMTV/
  26. https://www.rttnews.com/1051501/oshkosh-defense-granted-contract-for-u-s-army-s-family-of-medium-tactical-vehicles-rebuy-program-quick-facts.aspx
  27. https://oshkoshdefense.com/oshkosh-defense-secures-three-year-contract-extension-for-fmtv-a2/
  28. https://armyrecognition.com/news/army-news/2025/us-army-and-air-force-expand-tactical-mobility-with-240-new-fmtv-tactical-trucks-funded-for-2025
  29. https://global.tendernews.com/newsdetails.aspx?s=4631&t=US-Army-and-Air-Force-Expand-Tactical-Mobility-with-240-New-FMTV-Trucks-in-2025
  30. https://www.dote.osd.mil/Portals/97/pub/reports/FY2024/army/2024fmtv.pdf?ver=H8TDhX6cowThgqF2rDpzgw%253D%253D
  31. https://oshkoshdefense.com/successful-airdrop-tests-for-oshkosh-fmtv-a2-lvad/
  32. https://insidedefense.com/insider/planned-fmtv-a2-buys-next-year-reflect-armys-airdrop-capability-focus
  33. https://www.asafm.army.mil/Portals/72/Documents/BudgetMaterial/2025/Base%2520Budget/Procurement/Other%2520Procurement%2520-%2520BA%25201%2520-%2520Tactical&Support%2520Vehicles.pdf
  34. https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/o/NYSE_OSK_2021.pdf
  35. https://www.govconwire.com/articles/oshkosh-defense-army-orders-fmtv-a2-vehicles
  36. https://oshkoshdefense.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/17371_TAK4_FamBrch_12pgSnglPgs_LowRes_4.7.2015.pdf
  37. https://www.dieselarmy.com/features/car-features/monthly-military-the-fmtv/
  38. https://oshkoshdefense.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/17305_FMTV_Cargo_SS-A4size_LowRes_4.15.2015.pdf
  39. https://www.usar.army.mil/Portals/98/Documents/Safety/Safety%2520Message%2520-%2520%2520LMTV-FMTV%2520on%2520Flooded%2520Roadway%2520Safety.pdf?ver=2019-09-25-083802-653
  40. https://memphisequipment.com/M1083-M1085-FMTV-Cargo-Truck-p4684.html
  41. https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ground/m1090.htm
  42. https://www.dvidshub.net/news/498731/new-fmtva2s-arrive-transportation-school
  43. https://oshkoshdefense.com/vehicles/heavy-tactical-vehicles/pls/
  44. https://www.nsndepot.com/Library/FMTV
  45. https://odin.tradoc.army.mil/WEG/Asset/M1083_American_6x6_Medium_Tactical_Vehicle_
  46. https://man.fas.org/dod-101/sys/land/m1093.htm
  47. https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/FOID/Reading%2520Room/Selected_Acquisition_Reports/FY_2010_SARS/FMTV-SAR-25_DEC_2010.pdf
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  53. https://www.dote.osd.mil/Portals/97/pub/reports/FY2023/army/2023fmtv.pdf?ver=0AXfkLltZRdR1bd56RR7_A%253D%253D
  54. https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ground/fmtv-lsac.htm
  55. https://aviationweek.typepad.com/ares/2007/03/while_were_talk.html
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  59. https://ndia.dtic.mil/wp-content/uploads/2010/tactical/PMFeb9ShaneFullmerMTV.pdf
  60. https://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2009/4/1/2009april-armys-25ton-trucks-undergo-overhaul
  61. https://oshkoshdefense.com/u-s-army-awards-oshkosh-75-million-for-family-of-medium-tactical-vehicles-fmtv/
  62. https://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2018/3/20/army-moves-forward-with-new-medium-truck-acquisition
  63. https://www.nationshield.ae/index.php/home/details/reports/oshkosh-defense-bags-contract-for-fmtv-a2-variant/en
  64. https://defence-blog.com/u-s-army-buys-more-fmtv-a2-next-gen-trucks/
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  66. https://www.army.mil/article/285762/new_fmtva2s_arrive_at_transportation_school
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  68. https://oshkoshdefense.com/oshkosh-defense-brings-history-of-collaboration-with-u-s-army-to-fmtv-competitive-rebuy-bid/
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  71. https://thedefensepost.com/2024/04/23/us-concludes-fmtv-airdrop-test/
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  73. https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/fdbf8183-1cf3-4fd5-a45e-5f3d546a536e
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  77. https://www.dvidshub.net/image/1521648/loading-lmtv
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