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The Milkor MGL (Multiple Grenade Launcher) is a lightweight 40 mm six-shot revolver-type grenade launcher (variations also fire 37/38mm) developed and manufactured in South Africa by Milkor (Pty) Ltd. The MGL was demonstrated as a concept to the South African Defence Force (SADF) in 1981. The MGL was then officially accepted into service with the SADF as the Y2. After its introduction in 1983, the MGL was gradually adopted by the armed forces and law enforcement organizations of over 50 countries. Total production since 1983 has been more than 50,000 units.

Key Information

The MGL is a multiple-shot weapon, intended to significantly increase a small squad's firepower when compared to traditional single-shot grenade launchers like the M203. The MGL is designed to be simple, rugged, and reliable. It uses the well-proven revolver principle to achieve a high rate of accurate fire which can be rapidly brought to bear on a target.

A variety of rounds such as HE, HEAT, anti-riot baton, irritant, and pyrotechnic can be loaded, then fired as fast as the trigger can be pulled. The cylinder can be loaded or unloaded rapidly to maintain a high rate of fire. Although intended primarily for offensive and defensive use with high-explosive rounds, with appropriate ammunition the launcher is suitable for anti-riot and other security operations. A newly patented modification allows the MGL to fire less lethal (very low pressure) rounds.

Design

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Operating mechanism

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The MGL is a low-velocity, shoulder-fired 40 mm grenade launcher with a six-round spring-driven revolver-style magazine capable of accepting most 40×46mm grenades. The spring-driven cylinder rotates automatically while firing, but it must be wound back up after every reloading.

Features

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The MGL grenade launcher consists of a lightweight, progressively rifled steel barrel, sight assembly, frame with firing mechanism, spring-actuated revolving cylinder magazine, and a folding stock. The weapon has a fire selector safety switch just above the rear pistol grip which can be operated from either side. The launcher cannot be accidentally discharged if dropped. The launcher is loaded by releasing the cylinder axis pin and swinging the steel frame away from the cylinder.

The rear of the cylinder (including the pistol grip) is unlatched and pivoted counter-clockwise to expose the chambers during reloading. By inserting the fingers into the empty chambers and rotating the aluminium cylinder it is then wound against its driving spring. The grenades are then inserted into the chambers, one-by-one (because the cylinder cannot be removed), the frame closed, and the axis pin re-engaged to lock.

When the trigger is pressed a double-action takes place and the firing pin is cocked and released to fire the grenade. Gas pressure on a piston unlocks the cylinder and allows the spring to rotate it until the next chamber is aligned with the firing pin, whereupon the next round can be fired. If a misfire occurs the trigger can be pulled repeatedly.

Sights

[edit]

The Y2, amongst other models, is equipped with the Armson Occluded Eye Gunsight (OEG),[3] a collimator sight which provides a single aiming post. The shooter aims with both eyes open and the post is superimposed onto the target, both being in focus. The OEG on the Y2 is designed as an aid to range estimation, the post being equal to the height of a man at 200 m (660 ft). It is also fitted with tritium illumination for low light operation which has a life of at least ten years. The range quadrant is graduated in 25 m (82 ft) increments.

Accessories

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Each MGL is supplied with a sling, cleaning kit, and user's manual.[4]

Variants

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Several upgrades were made to the original design in the last decade. After over 12 years of production, and more than a decade of user feedback from different countries around the world, it became evident that a redesign of some component groups would make the weapon even more user-friendly and reliable while also simplifying maintenance. This development, known as the MGL Mk-1 was introduced to the market in 1996. All weapons previously supplied can be upgraded to the Mk 1 configuration. Parts, such as the steel barrel, are interchangeable with a minimum of workshop modifications involving a few special tools and cutting dies.

Two "product improved" variants were introduced in 2004. The first is the Mk 1S, which replaces the aluminum frame of the Mk 1 with a stronger stainless steel body, a conventional trigger unit, and Picatinny rail support at the top, sides and bottom of the forend. The second variant is the Mk 1L, with the same features as the Mk 1S, but with a 140 mm (5.5 in) long cylinder to fit special-purpose grenades such as tear gas canisters and less-lethal impact rounds that are too long to fit in the other models' shorter cylinder. The Mk 1L also features a sliding buttstock.[5]

Loading 40 mm grenades into USMC M32 launcher.
US marine looks through the M2A1 reflex sight on the M-32.

In 2006, the Milkor 37/38mm Multiple Anti-Riot (MAR) replaced the 40mm less-lethal Yima. The MAR is largely identical to other MGL models, but is adapted to fire standard 37/38mm less-lethal riot control rounds available today.[5]

The Milkor SuperSix MRGL (Multi-range Grenade Launcher) was developed in 2012 and features a new recoil reduction system, redesigned stock, strengthened construction and new optics.[5] The SuperSix MRGL is capable of firing a wide range of low velocity (LV) and medium velocity (MV) munitions, which enables the user to engage a wider range of targets than possible with previous launchers, with a maximum range of 800 to 1,200 m (2,600 to 3,900 ft).[6] Rounds can be fired in rapid succession of six rounds in less than 3 seconds (operator dependent) and has a standard six-shot area coverage of at least 20 m × 60 m (66 ft × 197 ft).[7]

Milkor USA

[edit]

Milkor USA, Inc. is an American company that produces copies of the Milkor MGL. Milkor (Pty) Ltd has no affiliation or working relationship with Milkor USA.[2]

Milkor USA previously produced the Mk 1S as the MGL-105, and the Mk 1L as the MGL-140, both referring to their respective chamber lengths.

A Video of U.S. Marines training with the M32A1

In 2005, the United States Marine Corps procured 200 MGL-140s, designated as the "M32 Multi-shot Grenade Launcher" (M32 MGL or M32 MSGL). They were initially field tested in 2006. The M32 is equipped with the M2A1 reflex sight, a AAA battery–powered sight with infrared settings for night operations. Its elevation adjusts in 25 m (82 ft) increments and compensates for drift, and its casing features a Picatinny rail on top.[8][9]

M32 A1 MGL on display aboard the USS Wasp (LHD-1)

In 2014, Milkor USA dropped the MGL-105 and MGL-140, and introduced a shorter-barreled variant, the M32A1.[10][11] Despite the shorter barrel (8 in (20 cm) instead of 12 in (30 cm)), it weighs the same as the M32, because its receiver, stock and other parts of the weapon were strengthened, in anticipation of higher pressure medium velocity rounds sought by United States Special Operations Command. The M32A1 has been adopted by the U.S. Marine Corps as the M32A1 Multi-shot Grenade Launcher, and by USSOCOM as the Mk 14 Mod 0.[8]

Users

[edit]
Map with nations that use the Milkor MGL in blue
Country Organization name Model Quantity Date Reference
Azerbaijan Azerbaijani Land Forces — — — [12]
Bangladesh Bangladesh Army Mk1 — — [13]
Bangladesh Air Force — — —
Brazil Brazilian Army — — — [14]
Central African Republic Séléka — 1+ 2013 [15]
Colombia Indumil produces the MGL Mk 1 under license. — — — [16]
Croatia Locally produced by Metallic d.o.o. RBG-6 — — [17][18]
Denmark Royal Danish Army—Military Police & Jaeger Corps Y2 — — [19]
Georgia Georgian Land Forces — — — [20]
India Licensed produced by the Ordnance Factory Tiruchirappalli as the Multi Grenade Launcher. — — — [21]
Japan Used by the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force. M32A1 — — [22]
Pakistan Pakistan Army — — — [23]
Special Services Group counter-terrorism team of the Pakistan Army — — —
Philippines Philippine Army — — — [24]
Philippine Marine Corps — — — [25]
Rwanda Rwanda Defence Force "40mm MGL" 70 1992 [26]
Rwandan Patriotic Front some captured —
South Africa South African Army Y2 — — [17][27]
South Korea Republic of Korea Navy Special Warfare Flotilla M32A1 — — [28]
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Army Armscor — — [29]
Sweden Swedish Armed Forces, tested at KA3, Gotland 1996–2000, not in service. Granatkastargevär 90[dubious – discuss] — — [30][17]
Taiwan Republic of China Army — — — [31]
Thailand Royal Thai Navy — — — [32]
Turkey Turkish Army. Produced by MKEK — — — [33]
Gendarmerie General Command — — — [34]
Ukraine Ukrainian Air Assault Forces M32A1 MGL — — [35]
United States United States Marine Corps M32 MGL
M32A1 MGL 		— — [8][36]
United States Special Operations Command M32A1 MGL (as Mk 14 Mod 0) — —
Vietnam Produced by the General Department of Defense Industry for the People's Army of Vietnam SPL40L (Industry Name) — — [37][38]

See also

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References

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[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Milkor MGL

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
The Milkor MGL (Multiple Grenade Launcher) is a lightweight, 40 mm six-shot revolver-type developed and manufactured by Milkor (Pty) Ltd, a South African defence company founded in 1981. Introduced in 1983, it was originally designed to provide with greater firepower and rapid engagement capability compared to single-shot grenade launchers like the M79, using a revolving cylinder mechanism for quick reloading and firing of low-velocity 40×46 mm grenades. The MGL's design emphasizes durability, ergonomics, and versatility, featuring a double-action trigger with a spring-driven revolving mechanism, a folding stock for compactness, and compatibility with a wide array of types, including high-explosive, fragmentation, , illumination, and less-lethal rounds for . Key specifications include an unloaded weight of approximately 5.3 kg, an overall length of 778 mm with the stock extended (565 mm folded), a 300 mm barrel, a maximum of 400 m, and a practical of 18–24 rounds per minute, enabling sustained suppression or area denial in combat scenarios. Its rugged construction allows operation in extreme environments, from deserts to urban settings, making it suitable for military, , and applications. Since its debut during the , where it was first employed by the , the MGL has gained international acclaim for its reliability and has been exported to over 67 countries, including major adopters such as the , , , and numerous allies for use in counter-insurgency, peacekeeping, and counter-terrorism operations. In the , a licensed variant designated the M32 (later upgraded to M32A1) is produced by Milkor USA, Inc., and was adopted by the U.S. Marine Corps in the early and U.S. Command, with enhancements like improved sights and rail systems for modern optics and accessories. Variants of the MGL include the Mk 1L (low-profile for better handling), Mk 1S (short barrel for close-quarters), and the advanced SuperSix MRGL, which supports both low- and high-velocity 40×51 mm grenades for extended range up to 800 m, further broadening its tactical utility. Ongoing by Milkor continues to refine the platform, incorporating modular rails (e.g., KeyMod or Picatinny) for attachments and ensuring compliance with international standards like STANAG for interoperability.

Development

Origins

The development of the Milkor MGL was initiated by Milkor (Pty) Ltd in , , during the early 1980s amid the (1966–1990), a protracted conflict that highlighted the limitations of single-shot grenade launchers in providing sustained for units. The war's demands for enhanced firepower in rugged border regions prompted the company to pursue a revolutionary multi-shot design, aiming to bridge the gap between handheld portability and the rapid delivery of multiple 40 mm grenades. The first prototype of the MGL emerged in 1981, crafted by Milkor's engineering team and drawing direct inspiration from cylinder mechanisms—similar to those in handguns—and the proven but limited already in (SADF) service. This -style approach allowed for a compact, reloadable six-round capacity, addressing the tactical need for without the bulk of crew-served systems. The prioritized and , reflecting the operational realities of the Border War. Initial testing of the prototype occurred between 1981 and 1982, with a strong emphasis on performance in extreme African conditions, including high temperatures, dust-laden environments, and rough terrain typical of the Angolan and Namibian borders. These trials validated the launcher's mechanical reliability and firing sequence under combat-like stress, leading to its formal qualification as the "Y2" model by Armscor, South Africa's state arms manufacturer, in 1983. This milestone established the MGL as the world's first mass-produced handheld multi-shot 40 mm grenade launcher, ready for SADF integration.

Production and adoption

Full-scale production of the Milkor MGL commenced in at Milkor's manufacturing facility in , following the company's establishment in 1981 and initial development of the weapon. The grenade launcher was rapidly adopted by the (SADF) that same year, serving as a key asset during the Border War, particularly in operations across where its multi-shot capability enhanced squad-level firepower against insurgent forces. Production of the original Y2 model ran until 1996, amid the transition from apartheid and associated international arms embargoes that restricted exports, with cumulative output reaching into the tens of thousands of units by the mid-1990s. Following the end of apartheid in 1994 and the lifting of many sanctions, production resumed under updated export controls, enabling Milkor to become a prominent international exporter of the MGL to more than 50 countries worldwide, with total manufacturing exceeding 50,000 units since inception.

Design

Operating mechanism

The Milkor MGL employs a revolver-type operating mechanism centered on a six-round that rotates around a central axis, enabling the launcher to deliver multiple 40×46 mm low-velocity grenades in quick succession. The system utilizes a double-action trigger, where pulling the trigger cocks the internal and simultaneously advances the spring-tensioned to align the next chamber with the fixed barrel, allowing sequential firing without manual intervention between shots. This spring-driven rotation is tensioned manually by the operator during reloading, ensuring reliable indexing without reliance on gas operation in the original Mk 1 design. The barrel features progressive with a final twist rate of 1:1200 mm to stabilize the grenades in flight. To reload, the operator releases a locking lever behind the , swinging the entire rear frame assembly (including the and ) sideways around a top-mounted pivot to expose all six chambers simultaneously for rapid insertion of grenades, either individually or via a dedicated . Spent casings remain in the chambers after firing and must be manually extracted by hand or with an accessory tool once the assembly is opened, as there is no automatic ejection system; the design prioritizes simplicity and durability over powered extraction. The firing sequence begins with the double-action trigger pull, which releases the to strike a fixed that impacts the primer of the loaded cartridge, igniting the and propelling the down the rifled barrel. If a misfire occurs, the mechanism does not advance the automatically, permitting a second trigger pull on the same chamber without unloading. Integrated features include a manual lever positioned above the that blocks trigger movement to prevent accidental discharge, along with a half-cock notch on the for transportation when loaded.

Key features

The Milkor MGL features a lightweight construction primarily utilizing an aluminum alloy frame in its early Mk 1 model, which contributes to its portability and ease of handling in various operational environments. Later variants, such as the Mk 1S, incorporate a frame for enhanced strength while maintaining a relatively low weight of approximately 5.9 kg unloaded. The is constructed from durable , providing resistance essential for prolonged exposure to harsh field conditions, including humidity and saltwater environments common in military deployments. Ergonomic design elements enhance the MGL's usability for individual operators, including an integrated that allows for stable one-handed aiming and control during firing sequences. A folding or collapsible stock further improves handling by enabling compact storage and shoulder-mounted firing, reducing operator fatigue in extended engagements and facilitating maneuverability in confined spaces. The launcher incorporates ambidextrous controls to support operators of varying , featuring a safety selector that can be easily engaged from either side. Additional controls include a double-action trigger mechanism with a selector for semi-automatic operation and a straightforward cylinder release for rapid reloading, promoting intuitive use without extensive training. A modular rail system, such as the Picatinny or KeyMod rails introduced in improved models like the M32A1 and MGL-LTL, forms a foundational aspect of the design, allowing attachment of various optics and accessories to customize the weapon for specific missions. This versatility distinguishes the MGL from single-shot launchers like the M79, enabling sustained fire capability with six rounds in quick succession while supporting modular enhancements for enhanced tactical flexibility.

Sights and accessories

The Milkor MGL is equipped with standard open , featuring a fixed front post and an adjustable rear leaf sight that allows for elevation adjustments in increments up to 400 meters for low-velocity 40mm grenades. These provide a reliable aiming system for close to medium-range engagements when optical systems are not mounted. Many variants include an optional (MIL-STD-1913) mounted on top of the receiver, enabling the attachment of modern optics such as red dot sights like the Vortex Venom, holographic sights, or night vision devices for improved accuracy in low-light conditions. The rail system also supports the Milkor OEG sight, a robust collimating reflex optic designed for quick on grenade launchers and assault rifles. Compatible accessories enhance the MGL's versatility and user control, including vertical foregrips and laser aimers that attach via the integrated KeyMod or forends to improve handling during rapid fire sequences. Bipods can likewise be mounted on the rail system to provide stability for sustained or precise firing positions. Less-lethal variants of the MGL family, such as the MGL-LTL chambered in 40 mm for low-velocity rounds (including and impact munitions compatible with the Mk 1L's longer cylinder), and a dedicated 37/38 mm multi-shot configuration, maintain the standard rail interface for optics and accessories like lights or grips. The Stopper is a separate less-lethal launcher available in 37/38 mm or 40 mm.

Specifications

Physical characteristics

The Milkor MGL is designed as a lightweight and portable multi-shot , emphasizing ease of carry and maneuverability in various operational environments. Its physical dimensions and weight are optimized for use, allowing for quick deployment without excessive bulk. Key physical specifications of the standard MK1 model include the following:
CharacteristicSpecification
Overall length (stock extended)778 (30.6 in)
Overall length (stock folded)565 (22.2 in)
Barrel length300 (11.8 in), rifled
Weight (empty)5.3 kg (11.7 lb)
Cylinder capacity6 rounds of 40×46 low-velocity grenades
The rifled barrel ensures proper stabilization of the low-velocity grenades during flight, contributing to the weapon's accuracy at short to medium ranges. The aluminum frame further enhances its lightweight profile while maintaining structural integrity under repeated use.

Performance parameters

The Milkor MGL delivers a of 76 m/s (250 ft/s) when firing standard 40x46mm high-explosive grenades, balancing propulsion with operator control in close- to medium-range engagements. Its effective range extends to 400 m for point targets, while the maximum range reaches 400 m for area targets when elevated at the appropriate angle, enabling versatile suppression and area denial capabilities. The weapon supports a sustained of 18–21 rounds per minute, with burst rates up to three rounds per second facilitated by the double-action trigger mechanism; the six-round revolving cylinder influences overall firing tempo by necessitating periodic reloads after each full load. Recoil remains low owing to the substantial mass of the 40x46mm grenade and the launcher's robust construction, permitting precise follow-up shots with negligible muzzle climb even during bursts.

Variants

Early models

The original Milkor MGL was demonstrated as a concept to the (SADF) in 1981 and entered production in 1983, featuring a robust design that weighed approximately 5.3 kg unloaded. Developed during the apartheid era, this initial version was primarily produced for SADF use, including adoption during the . Production of the original steel-frame MGL continued until 1996, with several thousand units manufactured before the introduction of significant upgrades. Over 50,000 units of the MGL family have been produced to date. These early launchers provided enhanced firepower over single-shot alternatives like the M79, using a revolving six-shot cylinder chambered for 40x46mm low-velocity grenades. The MGL Mk1, introduced in 1996, marked the first major refinement to the early lineup, replacing the steel frame with an aluminum alloy construction to reduce unloaded weight to 5.3 kg while incorporating an improved cylinder latch for easier reloading and greater durability. This variant maintained compatibility with 40x46mm ammunition but addressed user feedback on weight and handling from field experience. Initial exports of these early models were directed to select African nations in the late and 1990s, limited by on and restricted to 40x46mm high-explosive rounds to comply with export regulations. Such shipments supported allied forces in regional conflicts but remained modest in scale compared to later global distribution.

Improved international variants

The improved international variants of the Milkor MGL, developed following the initial Mk1 models, focus on enhanced , compatibility, and adaptability for diverse operational environments outside the market. These evolutions incorporate modern materials and features to improve user handling, firepower delivery, and integration with allied systems, while maintaining the core mechanism for reliable multi-shot performance. The MGL SuperSix, introduced in the , represents a significant with a frame for reduced weight—approximately 5.3 kg empty—and an adjustable buttstock featuring recoil dampening for improved and accuracy during sustained use. It supports firing of 40mm low- and medium-velocity NATO-standard , with effective ranges up to 800 meters depending on the round, and includes a system compliant with STANAG 4694 for and accessories. The design's robust construction allows for rapid succession of shots in conditions, enhancing its utility for military forces seeking lightweight, versatile grenade launchers. The MGL-140 (also known as the Mk1-L) features a longer 140 mm (while retaining the standard barrel length) to accommodate extended-range and medium-velocity 40mm grenades, achieving muzzle velocities of up to 115 m/s for greater reach and impact in close-quarters scenarios. This variant's six-round capacity and semi-automatic action enable coverage of areas up to 20 m x 60 m in under three seconds, making it ideal for urban operations where quick, is essential against threats in confined spaces. For non-lethal roles, the MGL-405 variant adapts the platform for 37 mm and 38 mm munitions, incorporating a shorter barrel to optimize handling for in and crowd management situations. This configuration fires less-lethal rounds like impact projectiles and irritants, prioritizing safety and compliance with international policing standards while retaining the multi-shot design for efficient deployment. These variants have been exported to over 67 countries, including multiple members, with customizations such as ambidextrous safety selectors and modular rails to align with interoperability requirements. Such adaptations ensure seamless integration into forces, bolstering the MGL's global adoption for both lethal and less-lethal applications.

Milkor USA models

Milkor USA, Inc., a U.S.-based manufacturer located in , holds the license for producing variants of the Milkor MGL tailored to American military specifications. Established to supply the U.S. Department of Defense, the company began production in the mid-2000s, with initial contracts supporting fielding to U.S. forces as early as 2006. These models incorporate design modifications for improved reliability and integration with U.S. equipment standards, distinguishing them from the original South African design. The M32, developed in the , represents the initial U.S. production model and features a lightweight construction weighing approximately 5.8 kg unloaded, achieved through the use of components in non-critical areas such as the and handguards. Adopted by U.S. Command for its rapid-fire capability in close-quarters engagements, the M32 utilizes a six-shot revolving and maintains compatibility with standard 40×46 mm low-velocity grenades. It was field-tested in operational environments like , where its durability proved effective against harsh conditions. The M32A1, introduced in 2012, serves as an upgraded variant specifically for the U.S. Marine Corps, featuring MIL-STD-1913 Picatinny rails on the receiver and forend for mounting optics such as the M2A1 reflex sight, along with an improved trigger mechanism for enhanced ergonomics and safety. Weighing about 7.0 kg unloaded due to reinforced components, including a more robust cylinder assembly, the M32A1 underwent extensive testing for environmental resilience, including salt fog and drop tests, earning certification as a "weapon of record" for the U.S. Marine Corps and Department of Defense. Key enhancements focus on operational reliability in desert and arid theaters, such as those encountered in and , with features like sealed mechanisms to mitigate dust ingress. By 2010, Milkor USA secured a significant indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity valued at $42.2 million to supply M32 and M32A1 units, supporting widespread distribution to U.S. and Marine Corps elements. These models emphasize and , with the M32A1's design allowing compatibility with advanced munitions while prioritizing user protection through rigorous explosive safety evaluations.

Operators

Primary military users

The (SANDF) serves as the original primary user of the Milkor MGL, adopting it in 1983 as the Y2 grenade launcher following its development for the . The weapon has seen extensive use in post-apartheid peacekeeping missions, including deployments in . The adopted the M32A1 variant through the US Marine Corps and Special Operations Command (SOCOM) starting in 2005, procuring approximately 9,000 units for the USMC and an additional 230 units for SOCOM for combat roles in and , where it provided enhanced squad-level firepower in urban and counter-insurgency environments.

Other military and law enforcement users

The Indian Armed Forces adopted the Milkor MGL in the 1990s for border security operations, licensed-produced by the Ordnance Factory Tiruchirappalli, with many configured for less-lethal applications to support non-lethal crowd control and perimeter defense. The French Gendarmerie and military have utilized the MGL since the 2000s, particularly in overseas territories for rapid response and area denial. Post-1994 exports have supplied various African nations for counter-terrorism operations, enabling small units to deliver high-volume in asymmetric conflicts. Known users include (70 units acquired in 1992). Other military users include the Brazilian Army; Danish , Military Police, and Jaeger Corps (Y2 variant); Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force (M32A1); Pakistani Army and Special Services Group; and Marine Corps; Turkish Army and (locally produced by MKEK); and (M32A1). In contexts, the Milkor MGL has been adopted by teams and international police units, including Brazil's BOPE, often with 37mm adaptations for and hostage rescue scenarios, prioritizing less-lethal munitions to minimize casualties in urban environments.

References

  1. https://milkor.com/weapon-systems/
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  4. https://warriorlodge.com/pages/milkor-mgl
  5. https://www.milkorusa.com/
  6. https://www.sandboxx.us/news/why-the-m32-and-m32a1-arent-popular/
  7. https://www.milkorusa.com/product/m32a1-usmc-40mm-v-02/
  8. https://smallarmsreview.com/the-south-african-connection-the-mgl-in-the-americas/
  9. https://laststandonzombieisland.com/2014/04/18/mikor-mgl-the-40mm-south-african-six-shooter/
  10. https://milkor.com/about-us/
  11. https://www.guns.com/news/2014/04/16/mikor-mgl-40mm-south-african-six-shooter
  12. https://samilhistory.com/2015/11/24/the-man-with-the-mgl/
  13. https://www.milkorusa.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Milkor-Company-Profile.pdf
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  17. https://defensereview.com/new-and-improved-milkor-mgl-mk-1s-multiple-40mm-grenade-launcher-for-specops/
  18. https://www.breachbangclear.com/grenade-launcher/
  19. https://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.php?smallarms_id=843
  20. https://www.milkorusa.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Milkor-32a1.pdf
  21. https://www.milkorusa.com/product/av-140-msgl/
  22. https://www.milkorusa.com/product/mgl-ltl/
  23. https://www.army-technology.com/contractors/vehicles/milkor/pressreleases/customizations-weapon-systems/
  24. https://www.milkorusa.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Milkor-AV140.pdf
  25. https://www.imfdb.org/wiki/Milkor_MGL
  26. https://milkor.ae/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Milkor-Weapons-Division.pdf
  27. https://ddpdoo.gov.in/product/products/product-details/40-mm-multi-grenade-launcher-mgl-
  28. https://weaponsystems.net/system/1315-Milkor+MGL
  29. https://milkor.ae/products/milkor-supersix/
  30. https://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.php?smallarms_id=839
  31. https://milkor.com/milkor-advances-versatile-40mm-grenade-launcher-weapon-systems/
  32. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA503773.pdf
  33. https://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.php?smallarms_id=770
  34. https://euro-sd.com/2024/10/articles/40734/grenade-launchers-and-ammunition/
  35. https://defensereview.com/new-milkor-mgl-140mei-hyper-lethal-40mm-comboweapon-system-for-infantry/
  36. https://defensereview.com/marines-get-new-six-shot-40mm-grenade-launcher-meet-the-m32-mgl/
  37. https://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.php?smallarms_id=248
  38. https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ground/m32-msgl-specs.htm
  39. https://www.americanspecialops.com/special-ops-weapons/m32-grenade-launcher.php
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  41. https://defenceweb.co.za/land/land-land/milkor-showcasing-new-products/
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  43. https://www.quora.com/When-did-40-mm-MGL-come-in-the-Indian-Army
  44. https://www.defenceweb.co.za/featured/milkor-opening-offices-in-india/
  45. https://www.defense.gouv.fr/
  46. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Milkor_MGL_in_French_service.jpg
  47. https://www.army-technology.com/contractors/vehicles/milkor/
  48. http://worldmilitaryintel.blogspot.com/2013/05/blog-post_3975.html
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