Hubbry Logo
Park ExtensionPark ExtensionMain
Open search
Park Extension
Community hub
Park Extension
logo
8 pages, 0 posts
0 subscribers
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Park Extension
Park Extension
Park Extension
View on Wikipedia
from Wikipedia

Park Extension (French: Parc-Extension, pronounced [paʁk ɛkstɑ̃sjɔ̃]) is a neighbourhood in the city of Montréal, Québec. It is located in the borough of Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension and has a population of 33,800 and an area of 1.6 km2 (400 acres). The name derives from the fact that it is situated at the north end of Park Avenue and is literally an "extension" of the artery. The area is known by locals as "Park Ex."

Key Information

History

[edit]

The area has always been a working-class neighbourhood, and understanding Park Extension's place in Montreal is to know how Montreal developed. Montreal started from a small fortified city by the Saint Lawrence River; and expanded north towards the Laurentian Mountains. Being at the head of Park Avenue, Park Extension formed the northern end of Montreal's immigrant corridor.

Park Extension was a mid-20th century suburb. It was a rural area prior to the 1950s. Starting in the early 1950s there was rapid housing development in the northern reaches of Park Extension. A significant Jewish population migrated there, mostly from Le Plateau-Mont-Royal, and established a thriving community. Several hundred families built and maintained a synagogue, Congregation Beth Aaron. By the mid-1970s, the Jewish community was diminishing. Congregation Beth Aaron merged with the Beth Israel Congregation in 1986,[2] and the building was sold. Despite this, the Jewish community still owns property and businesses on Beaumont; the southernmost part of Park Extension.

In the 1950s and 1960s Park Extension attracted a sizable Italian population, most of whom came directly from Italy. But over time the Italian population drifted to eastern suburbs like Saint-Leonard, Quebec.

Many Greek immigrants settled in the neighbourhood from the mid-1960s through the 1980s, both from Le Plateau-Mont-Royal and directly from Greece. In the 1970s nearly 70% of residents were of Greek ancestry, and almost all the businesses along Jean Talon Street between L'Acadie Boulevard and Park Avenue were owned by Greek Canadians. In 1977 there were over 100 Greek businesses, whereas today there are only a dozen left. Four Greek churches remain, catering to the predominantly older Greek residents who still live in the area. Other younger Greeks have since moved to suburbs such as the Chomedey neighbourhood of Laval and the West Island.

Since the 1990s, most of the immigrant population coming to Parc-Ex are of South Asian origin from India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, as well as Latin American and Haitian immigrants, and a dwindling population of Greeks and Italians. Park Extension is one of Canada's most ethnically diverse neighbourhoods.

In the 2000s, more people starting moving to Park Extension from areas like the Plateau and Mile End as the housing is similar but much cheaper to rent and to buy. Several new condo buildings started being built. The area is also attractive many artists and musicians who wish to make Park Extension their permanent home.[citation needed] Being somewhat central on the Island of Montreal, relatively close to shopping areas (like Rockland Center, Marché Central, and Jean-Talon Market), and because of the revitalization of Jarry Park, Park Extension has become increasingly attractive to younger generations in general. There are Metro stations and several bus stops in the area too. All of this in turn, along with the new Université de Montréal campus between Beaumont and Van Horne Avenues, has caused gentrification and "renoviction" issues to affect the area gradually after about 2008 with various protests occurring in and after 2018. Many tenants who have lived there for years have been forced out of area with more being forced to leave every year.

During the "red scare" of the 1950s, according to an article in "On and Off the Record" in the Montreal Gazette dated April 24, 1956,[3] page 4: "The Park Extension district is currently a hot-bed of Communist activity; much or all of which is known to anti-communist authorities and groups, who are keeping it under surveillance." This reflected both the suspicion of new immigrants in general, and the fact that many of these immigrants left their homelands because of political persecution.

Geography

[edit]

The area is bounded by the Metropolitan Expressway Autoroute 40, to the north; l'Acadie Blvd, to the west; Casgrain Avenue, to the east; and Beaumont Avenue, and Rue Jean-Talon, to the south, respectively. The surrounding neighbourhoods are Villeray and Little Italy to the east, Mile End and Outremont to the south, the Town of Mont-Royal to the west and Ahuntsic-Cartierville to the north.

Virtually the entire neighbourhood is residential, with a small amount of commercial and light manufacturing concentrated in the south. Over 35,000 people live in only 1.6 square kilometres (400 acres), more than the average population density in Montreal, but the same density as the Plateau, Villeray, St-Michel and Mile End. Parc Jarry is a large City of Montreal park, that includes IGA Stadium (tennis), that is located within Parc Extension.

Regarding Park Avenue itself, it should be mentioned that a further three block section of Park Avenue (Ave. du Parc) exists north of Metropolitan Blvd (i.e. beyond Park Extension). This street handles one-way, northbound-only traffic from Cremazie Blvd. and ends at Chabanel, in the city's garment district. In addition, a short section of Park Avenue runs north from the western end of Liege St. just east of the CPR railway tracks. This stretch of road is essentially a driveway serving loading docks of various fruit and vegetable warehouses.

Note: All compass directions above are given in nominal terms. For much of the City of Montreal, nominal "north" is actually to the west-northwest.

Government

[edit]

Municipal

[edit]

Mary Deros is the city councillor representing Park Extension. She was elected under Vision Montreal in 1998 and has been re-elected in every municipal election since that time including the most recent election in 2017, in which she ran for Équipe Denis Coderre. After the defeat of Coderre in the city mayoralty race, her party was renamed Ensemble Montréal.

Former city councillors

  • Konstantinos Georgoulis
  • Stavros Zagakos
  • Sofoklis Rasoulis
  • Demetrios Manolakos

The district is part of the borough of Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension.

Federal and provincial

[edit]

The district is part of the Papineau federal riding and the Laurier-Dorion provincial electoral district.

Sports

[edit]

Many sports are popular in the Park Extension area, dating back to the Montreal Expos Baseball team at nearby Jarry Park Stadium. The primary sports of choice for the locals are ball hockey, soccer and cricket.

The province wide Quebec Ball Hockey Association has three Parc-Extension area teams: the Hellenic Republic of Parc-Ex, Park X Streets, and A.A. Hellas. The games take place at Howie Morenz Arena during the summer months. The city's only practice area for cricket with cricket cages (similar to batting cages) are in Howard Park which is next to the arena.

In the Montreal-wide soccer league, Park Extension is represented by the Panellinios soccer club.

Culture

[edit]

The documentary, Cricket & Parc Ex: A Love Story (2016), by director Garry Beitel and producer Barry Lazar (reFrame Films), profiled the more recently arrived immigrant South Asian communities which have moved into Park Extension and how their love for the game of cricket brings them together. It is also a film about how recreational sport can transform a neighborhood.

Music

[edit]

The instrumental jazz group Parc-X Trio is named for the borough of Park Extension.

Efrim Menuck's recent album High Gospel opened with the track Our Lady of Parc Extension.

Harris Newman (guitar) and Bruce Cawdron (percussion) recorded a song called "The Pulse of Parc Ex" on their 2006 album, Triple Burner.

Transportation

[edit]

Park Extension is served by two Montreal Metro stations on the Blue line: Parc and Acadie

It is also served by Parc commuter rail station on Exo's Saint-Jérôme line (line 12). Parc station is adjacent to the old Park Avenue railway station, which operated between 1931 and 1984. It is now owned by Loblaws, which operated for a time a Joe Fresh outlet in the former station hall. The space between the station building and the railway line, where the original platforms were located, was occupied by a Provigo Le Marché supermarket[4] and its vehicular access. As of 2022, a Maxi & Cie occupies the area.

Fence with the Town of Mount Royal

[edit]

A fence runs along the western border of Park Extension, on the opposite side of L'Acadie Boulevard in the Town of Mount Royal. While the stated purpose of the fence is to prevent children from running into the busy thoroughfare, some have contended that it was built to keep residents of the working-class Park Extension neighbourhood out of TMR.[5]

The north–south streets of Parc Extension have the same names as those in line with them in Outremont, south of the railway tracks, from Hutchison Street in the east to Birnam in the west. McEachran Street was renamed L'Acadie Boulevard when the street was widened in the late 1950s.[6] The area covered by the residences in the Town of Mount Royal from L'Acadie in the east to Rockland in the west and between Lockhart in the south to Cremazie in the north was once a 9-hole golf course. The golf course was sub-divided during the 1950s and the fence was erected after all the houses covered the golf course land.

This fence originally had several gates built into it, which then became a subject of controversy when they were locked one year at Halloween, preventing children from Park Extension from trick-or-treating in TMR. The Mount Royal town council responded by removing the gates. As of 2007, the gates were restored, with signs stating that this is for the safety of children and pedestrians.

Education

[edit]

The Commission scolaire de Montréal (CSDM) operates French-language public schools.

The English Montreal School Board (EMSB) operates English-language schools.

The Montreal Public Libraries Network operates the Parc-Extension library.

Points of interest

[edit]
  • The Statue of the Greek immigrants is a gift from the Greek community of Montreal to the City Montreal.
  • The Park Extension library in the William Hingston community centre.
  • The former studios for CFCF-TV, now the borough hall of Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension.
  • Koimisis tis Theotokou (Greek Orthodox church on Saint-Roch). (Currently being rebuilt after a fire)
  • Howie Morenz Arena (Also known as Republic Arena).
  • Greek Festival on Saint Roch (August 15).
  • Le Piment Rouge was reopened in Park Ex after moving from Windsor Hotel.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Park Extension

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Park Extension is a densely populated inner-city neighborhood in , , situated in the Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension borough, covering 1.6 square kilometers and housing approximately 33,000 residents, the vast majority of whom are recent immigrants from over 75 ethnocultural groups. Characterized by its extreme , the area features 68% residents— the highest proportion on the — and 69% of the population with a mother tongue neither French nor English, including languages such as , , and Bengali. This diversity stems from successive waves of immigration, beginning with European arrivals from , , and after , followed by more recent influxes from , , and , drawn to amid the neighborhood's development since the early 1910s. Despite its vibrant cultural fabric, Park Extension grapples with significant socioeconomic challenges, including a low-income rate of 21%—twice the average—and median household incomes ranging from $32,000 to $40,000, reflecting barriers to such as differences and limited access to higher-wage . Recent urban greening initiatives and proximity to expanding institutions like the have spurred pressures, exacerbating risks of displacement and for low-income residents.

History

Origins and Early Development

Park Extension emerged from rural farmland on Montreal's northern periphery during the late , when the broader Villeray–Saint-Michel area remained predominantly agricultural and sparsely settled. The land supported farming activities, including livestock rearing in locales informally known as the Piggery, reflecting its pre-urban character. Urban development initiated in 1907, when the Park Realty Company acquired three large lots designated as the Park Avenue Extension, directly inspiring the neighborhood's nomenclature as an outgrowth of Avenue du Parc (). The district's formal annexation to occurred in 1910, transitioning it from independent rural holdings to municipal oversight and spurring initial subdivision into residential plots. This period marked a shift from francophone-dominated agrarian communities toward nascent , though infrastructure lagged: unpaved streets predominated, water access was unreliable via wells or rudimentary mains, and systems were absent, complicating early habitation. By the 1910s, residents increasingly abbreviated the full "Park Avenue Extension" to "Park Extension" around 1913, solidifying its colloquial identity amid gradual lot sales and basic construction. The saw foundational civic investments, including the establishment of schools like l'École Saint-François-d'Assise in , churches such as Saint-Roch in , and a local bank branch, accommodating a growing population of working-class families drawn by proximate to industrializing zones. Economic pressures, including the from 1929, tempered expansion, yet modest infrastructure persisted; a railway station opened in , enhancing connectivity for commuters and freight tied to nearby quarries and factories. These elements laid the groundwork for denser settlement, with early demographics featuring primarily French-Canadian residents supplemented by initial European immigrants seeking proximity to Montreal's core.

Post-War Growth and Immigration Waves

Following the end of , Park Extension underwent rapid population expansion as part of Montreal's broader post-war suburban development, with the area's residents increasing from 7,000 in 1941 to 27,000 by 1961 and reaching 35,000 by 1971. This growth was fueled by a boom in the , which saw the construction of multi-unit residential buildings to accommodate demand for amid Montreal's industrial expansion and urban migration. The neighborhood's location at the northern terminus of , an established immigrant corridor, positioned it as an attractive entry point for newcomers seeking proximity to employment in factories and services. Initial post-war immigration waves primarily drew from war-displaced populations in Europe, including Eastern Europeans such as Ukrainians fleeing Soviet influence and Italians arriving for economic opportunities. These groups supplemented earlier Eastern European, Armenian, and Jewish communities, transforming the area's social fabric through the establishment of ethnic parishes, stores, and mutual aid societies that provided initial support networks. By the late 1950s and into the 1960s, Italian immigration intensified, with many arriving directly from southern Italy to fill labor shortages in construction and manufacturing. A notable surge occurred in the 1960s with thousands of Greek immigrants settling in Park Extension, establishing it as a core hub for the Greek community amid Greece's economic hardships and Canada's more permissive policies at the time. These successive waves led to high and cultural layering, though earlier European groups gradually dispersed to suburbs as socioeconomic mobility improved, yielding space for later arrivals. The influx strained infrastructure, prompting municipal responses like the 1960 erection of a chain-link fence along the boundary with the adjacent Town of Mount Royal to manage spillover and perceived disorder.

Contemporary Transformations

The construction of the Université de Montréal's Multidisciplinary Institute for Technological Innovation (MIL) campus on a former railway yard in the 2010s accelerated in Park Extension, attracting students and higher-income residents while increasing property values and rents. This campus-led transformation intertwined with studentification processes, displacing some low-income renters and prompting community activism to protect stock, which constitutes a significant portion of the neighborhood's aging triplexes and walk-ups. Infrastructure enhancements under Montréal's 2050 and Mobility Plan, adopted on July 3, 2025, have introduced new cycling paths, including six kilometers of bidirectional lanes on Christophe-Colomb Avenue completed in 2023, though subsequent roadwork in 2024 disrupted sections and highlighted implementation challenges. These mobility upgrades aim to integrate Park Extension into broader urban connectivity but have sparked debates over prioritizing amid ongoing , potentially altering the neighborhood's dense, pedestrian-oriented character. Urban greening initiatives, such as expanded to mitigate heat islands—exacerbated by the neighborhood's high-density —carry risks of "green ," where environmental improvements raise land values and contribute to and displacement among vulnerable immigrant populations. A November 2024 report documented persistent environmental and transportation inequities in the area, including limited green space compared to wealthier districts. Continued influxes of South Asian immigrants since the sustain the neighborhood's multi-ethnic fabric, though many view it as a temporary hub before relocating to suburbs as economic stability improves.

Geography

Location and Boundaries

Park Extension is a neighbourhood in the Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension borough of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, positioned approximately 3 to 4 kilometres northwest of the . It forms the western portion of the borough, neighbouring the Town of Mount Royal to the west along Boulevard de l'Acadie and separated from Outremont to the south by the Canadian Pacific Railway tracks. The area is characterized by its proximity to major transportation corridors, including the Autoroute 40 to the north and the Park and Jarry metro stations on the Orange Line of the system. The neighbourhood's boundaries are irregularly shaped due to the diagonal orientation of the southern railway tracks but are conventionally delimited by key thoroughfares and infrastructure: Autoroute 40 (Metropolitan Expressway) to the north, to the west, to the east, and the Canadian Pacific Railway tracks—aligning roughly with Avenue Beaumont—to the south. This delineation encompasses an area of about 2.5 square kilometres, supporting a resident of approximately 33,800 as of recent estimates. The eastern edge along Saint-Laurent Boulevard marks the transition to the adjacent Villeray neighbourhood, while the western boundary abuts the independent of Mount Royal.

Urban Landscape and Physical Features

Park Extension exhibits a compact urban form defined by an orthogonal street grid established in the early , facilitating dense residential development adjacent to the Canadian Pacific Railway corridor. This grid pattern supports high ground coverage, with buildings typically ranging from 2 to 6 stories in established sectors, emphasizing vertical density without high-rise dominance. The built environment predominantly comprises modest brick residential plexes—multi-unit structures common in Montreal's working-class districts—alongside mixed-use facades on commercial thoroughfares such as Avenue du Parc and Rue Saint-Roch. Architectural highlights include Art Deco elements, as seen in the former police station at 671 Ogilvy Avenue, and eclectic designs around institutional anchors like Saint-Roch Church (built 1927). Rail infrastructure fragments connectivity, with tracks delineating southern and eastern edges, while the neighborhood's flat topography, typical of Montreal's insular plain at elevations around 100-120 meters, lacks significant natural relief or water features. Green spaces remain sparse relative to density, comprising under 15% of the broader arrondissement's land; Parc Jarry serves as the primary recreational expanse, offering sports fields and pathways amid the urban matrix, though smaller pockets like Parc Julie-Hamelin provide localized amenities. Transit integration, via the Parc metro station on the Orange Line, underscores the area's infrastructural role, with underground access enhancing pedestrian flow in this pedestrian-oriented yet car-influenced landscape.

Demographics

Ethnic and Cultural Composition

Park Extension exhibits one of the highest levels of ethnic diversity in , with nearly 70% of its approximately 32,000 residents born outside and hailing from over 75 ethnocultural groups. This foreign-born majority contributes to a population where 68% identify as visible minorities, exceeding the island average of 38% and marking the highest such rate among island neighbourhoods. Linguistic diversity underscores this composition, as 69% of residents report a mother tongue other than French or English, prominently including , , Punjabi, Bengali, , Spanish, , Creole, Greek, and Italian. Historically, the neighbourhood's cultural fabric formed through successive immigration waves: early 20th-century arrivals of , British-origin settlers, Eastern Europeans, , , and , followed by in the 1960s, and in subsequent decades, and a dominant influx of South Asians from , , and since the 1980s. Greek communities also maintain a significant historical presence, reflected in cultural landmarks like the Statue of Greek Immigrants. Among recent immigrants, primary countries of origin include (37%), (28%), (18%), and (18%), fostering active community networks. This multiculturalism manifests in vibrant street-level expressions, such as South Asian grocery stores, Greek tavernas, and Portuguese bakeries along Saint-Laurent Boulevard and Jean-Talon Street, alongside religious institutions spanning Hindu temples, Sikh gurdwaras, mosques, and churches serving diverse Christian denominations. Despite integration challenges tied to socioeconomic pressures, these groups sustain cultural continuity through festivals, mutual aid societies, and multilingual services, though data indicate lower English or French proficiency among newer arrivals correlates with employment barriers.

Population Density and Socioeconomic Data

Park Extension exhibits one of the highest densities among 's neighborhoods, with approximately 28,775 residents occupying roughly 1.6 square kilometers, yielding a exceeding 17,000 inhabitants per square kilometer as of 2019-2020 analyses. This surpasses the citywide average of 4,833 per square kilometer and reflects the area's compact urban form dominated by multi-unit residential buildings. The broader Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension , which encompasses Park Extension, recorded a of 145,090 in the 2021 and a of 8,799 per square kilometer. Socioeconomic indicators reveal pronounced deprivation. The low-income rate stands at 21 percent, the second highest in and double the city average of 11 percent, affecting residents across age groups and linked to high immigrant concentrations and limited . Median household income is $44,800, ranking second lowest island-wide compared to 's $58,000, with over 40 percent of residents in the broader borough relying on below-median earnings. Education levels lag significantly, with 25 percent of adults aged 25-64 lacking a high school diploma—more than double the municipal average of 9 percent—contributing to employment barriers in a neighborhood where 45 percent of the population are immigrants often facing credential recognition issues. Unemployment in the borough reached 12 percent in 2021, elevated relative to Montreal's 7.8 percent, exacerbated by low-wage sectors like retail and services prevalent locally.
IndicatorPark Extension / NeighborhoodMontreal AverageSource Year
Low-Income Rate21%11%Recent (post-2016 basis)
Median Household Income$44,800$58,000Recent (post-2016 basis)
Adults 25-64 Without 25%9%Recent (post-2016 basis)
Unemployment Rate (Borough)12%7.8%2021

Government and Politics

Municipal Administration

Park Extension falls under the administrative jurisdiction of the Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension borough within the City of Montreal, established in 2002 as part of the municipal reorganization. The borough council exercises delegated powers over local , road maintenance, building permits, cultural programs, and recreational facilities, with decisions implemented through by-laws and resolutions. The council comprises the borough mayor and four city councillors, each representing one of the borough's districts, including Parc-Extension. As of October 2025, Laurence Lavigne Lalonde serves as borough mayor, affiliated with . Council meetings convene on the first Tuesday of each month except March, with sessions absent in January and August; proceedings are available via webcast. Parc-Extension district elects its own city councillor, who participates in both borough and city-wide councils. Mary Deros, a member of , has represented the district continuously since her initial election in 1998, focusing on and serving as vice-chair of the city's Social Development and Diversity Commission since 2018. Deros oversees local initiatives such as neighborhood improvements, resident services, and liaison with borough administration on issues like housing and public safety. Administrative services for residents are centralized at the borough hall located at 405 Avenue Ogilvy, operational from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., through . These include property assessment appeals, municipal inquiries and payments, permit applications, and oath administration, with additional support for tickets and local regulations. The borough manages a budget allocated for district-specific projects, though fiscal details are integrated into the city's annual financial reports. Municipal elections on , 2025, will determine the next term's officials, with Deros seeking an eighth consecutive mandate amid from candidates including Elvira Carhuallanqui of . Post-election, the council will continue to address borough-wide priorities such as infrastructure maintenance and community integration, tailored to high-density areas like Park Extension.

Federal and Provincial Representation

Park Extension is encompassed by the federal electoral district of Papineau, which elects one member to the House of Commons. In the 2025 federal election, Liberal Party candidate Marjorie Michel won the seat with a significant margin, succeeding former Prime Minister Justin Trudeau who had represented the riding since 2008. The district's boundaries include portions of the Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension borough, reflecting the area's dense urban and immigrant-heavy demographics that have historically favored Liberal candidates. Provincially, the neighborhood lies within the Laurier-Dorion riding, which sends one member to the . This seat is held by Andrés Fontecilla of , who was first elected in a 2018 and reelected in the 2022 with 35.8% of the vote amid a competitive field including and Liberal challengers. Fontecilla's representation aligns with the riding's left-leaning tendencies, driven by socioeconomic factors such as high renter populations and multicultural communities, though in recent elections has hovered around 60%, below provincial averages.

Economy

Local Businesses and Employment Patterns

Park Extension is characterized by a concentration of small, immigrant-owned businesses, particularly family-run restaurants offering Indian, Pakistani, Greek, and other ethnic cuisines, alongside bakeries and grocery stores. These establishments thrive along key commercial arteries such as , Street, Ogilvy Avenue, Saint-Roch Street, and de Street, serving the neighborhood's diverse population of approximately 32,000 residents. The sector remains a notable local employer, with firms like Samuelsohn and sustaining around 7,000 jobs in the area despite pressures since the 1980s economic crisis. Historically, , the , public services, and operations employed thousands of residents, patterns that have partially persisted amid a shift toward service-oriented small enterprises. In the broader Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension borough encompassing Park Extension, employment forms the main income source for 95% of residents, including 85% as paid employees and 10% as self-employed individuals, reflecting high workforce participation but in often low-wage roles. Prevailing sectors include retail trade, with 433 companies providing about 4,990 jobs, and and social assistance, featuring 297 firms and over 5,840 positions; most businesses are small, as 76% employ fewer than 10 people. underscores modest earnings, with 42% of residents below $20,000 annually and only 15% above $50,000.

Poverty, Welfare Dependency, and Gentrification Pressures

Park Extension experiences elevated levels compared to broader metrics, with 27% of residents classified as living in , marking it among the highest rates in the city. This rate, driven largely by recent immigrants and low-wage employment in sectors like retail and services, exceeds the municipal average of approximately 11% for low-income households. Earlier data from 2019 census-derived analyses reported even starker figures, with 43.5% of the neighborhood's approximately 35,000 residents below the poverty line—more than double 's 24.6% citywide rate—and 33.2% of seniors in low-income situations versus 21.2% citywide. The prevalence of working poverty underscores limited upward mobility, with Park Extension recording the highest rate at 30% in the , characterized by full-time jobs yielding insufficient earnings to escape thresholds. Direct metrics on , such as Quebec's social assistance program enrollment, remain underreported at the neighborhood level, though the concentration of low- immigrant families correlates with heightened reliance on income supports amid barriers like and credential recognition. High persistence across demographics, including 21% low-income rate in recent profiles, amplifies vulnerabilities to economic shocks. Gentrification pressures have intensified since the mid-2010s, fueled by the Université de Montréal's nearby Outremont and influx of higher-income professionals, leading to rent escalations that threaten displacement of longstanding low-income tenants. By 2025, family-sized apartment rents in the area had doubled from pre-2020 levels of $800–$900 monthly to over $1,500, outpacing wage growth for residents in precarious jobs. Citywide rent hikes of 16.4% in the preceding year exacerbated this, with new luxury developments along streets like Jarry and Beaumont commanding premiums that exclude traditional renters. Urban greening projects and institutional expansions have accelerated these dynamics, revaluing land and contributing to indirect displacement through rising costs and demographic shifts, though seeks to preserve affordable stock. These pressures compound poverty traps, as risks and housing instability hinder long-term socioeconomic stability for welfare-reliant households.

Social Issues

Crime Rates and Public Safety Concerns

Park Extension, covered under SPVM's PDQ 31 (Villeray–Parc-Extension), recorded 2,037 Criminal Code offenses in 2021, yielding a rate of 34.7 per 1,000 residents—6% below the median across Montreal's neighborhood police districts. Violent crimes totaled 645 incidents, at a rate of 11 per 1,000 residents (5% below the district median), including 370 assaults (rate of 6.3 per 1,000) and 51 robberies (rate of 0.9 per 1,000). Property crimes numbered 1,260, with a rate of 21.5 per 1,000 (3% below median), encompassing 123 break-ins (rate of 2.1 per 1,000) and 503 thefts (rate of 8.6 per 1,000); frauds stood at 318 incidents (rate of 5.4 per 1,000, 22% above median). From 2012 to 2021, overall offenses declined 22% in the district, outpacing the SPVM-wide drop of 27%, though violent crimes rose 21% against a city increase of 16%. Despite these rates aligning below medians, isolated violent incidents persist, such as a December 2024 where a victim was shot inside a near Saint-Roch and Querbes Avenue, amid 32 total homicides citywide that year. Public safety concerns in the area often center on non-violent issues, including where residents report vehicles using residential streets as shortcuts, prompting calls for measures like one-way reversals. Adjacent Jarry has seen repeated complaints at its public pool, with three reports in June 2025 alone involving groups filming swimmers, leading to increased police patrols. meetings in 2024 highlighted ongoing resident worries over street safety, parking shortages, and inadequate cleaning, exacerbated by high population density. Citywide trends provide context: Montreal's overall infractions rose 3.4% in 2024 versus 2023, with violent crimes declining amid a 22.1% increase over the five-year average, while hate crimes surged 6.2% to 375 reported incidents. These patterns reflect broader challenges in dense, multi-ethnic neighborhoods like Park Extension, where socioeconomic factors correlate with elevated risks historically, though recent PDQ data indicates relative stability.

Immigrant Integration Challenges

Language barriers pose a primary obstacle to immigrant integration in Park Extension, where over 56% of residents have an immigrant background compared to Montreal's 34% average, and many recent arrivals from speak neither French nor English fluently. These barriers delay access to healthcare, employment, and administrative services, as evidenced by community reports of service disruptions and the proliferation of translation initiatives at local clinics since 2022. Employment challenges compound these issues, with skilled immigrants often facing or due to non-recognition of foreign credentials, , and Quebec's emphasis on French proficiency amid labor shortages. In Parc-Extension, high local rates persist among immigrants despite provincial vacancies exceeding 21,000 in 2024, particularly affecting day laborers and asylum seekers vulnerable to exploitation and trafficking. Healthcare access for precarious-status migrants remains restricted by linguistic, cultural, and administrative hurdles, with 2020 research documenting limited service utilization in the neighborhood despite high demand. Housing exacerbates isolation, as a 2021 study revealed practices like arbitrary rejections of immigrant applicants, contributing to overcrowded rentals and hindering stable settlement. Social cohesion efforts are undermined by ethnic enclaves formed historically from language differences and needs post-World War II, which persist as transitional hubs rather than sites of deep . Surveys of South Asian residents indicate the area functions primarily as an entry point, with many departing for suburbs once basic needs stabilize, limiting long-term community ties.

Housing Instability and Overcrowding

In Parc-Extension, 17% of households face core housing needs—the highest rate among neighborhoods—defined by as housing that is unaffordable (spending over 30% of income on ), unsuitable (more than one person per room, indicating ), inadequate (lacking basic facilities or in poor condition), or requiring major repairs, with residents unable to access suitable alternatives without financial strain. This elevated rate reflects the neighborhood's predominance of renters—over 90% of residents live in rental units, many in aging post-World War II triplexes and low-rise apartments built between 1945 and 1970, which comprise more than 88% of the stock and often feature subdivided units prone to among low-income immigrant families. Overcrowding exacerbates health and safety risks, as multiple families sharing limited space—sometimes due to temporary arrangements amid evictions—leads to strained living conditions in a neighborhood already among Montreal's most densely populated, with population densities exceeding 15,000 residents per square kilometer in core blocks. Low vacancy rates compound suitability issues; as of , the rate for two-bedroom apartments stood at 0.6%, per data, forcing households into undersized units or shared accommodations. Recent trends show persistent scarcity, with three-bedroom units remaining scarce even post-2020 pandemic pauses on evictions. Housing instability manifests through sharp rent increases and displacement pressures, including renovictions—where landlords renovate to justify hikes or evictions. Asking rents for two-bedroom apartments rose nearly 71% between 2019 and early 2025, according to a report, while borough-wide rental prices increased 16% in 2024 alone based on city data. With 43.5% of residents living below the poverty line—far above Montreal's 24.6% average—many households, particularly recent immigrants, resort to subletting or informal arrangements, heightening vulnerability to substandard conditions and landlord tactics like neglect of repairs. , including new luxury developments along streets like Jarry, further displaces long-term renters, as units in renovated or replacement buildings command premiums 50% or higher than legacy stock.

Controversies

The Divisive Fence with Town of Mount Royal

The fence along Boulevard de l'Acadie, separating the western border of Park Extension from the Town of Mount Royal (TMR), consists of chain-link mesh supported by steel posts and extends approximately two kilometers. Constructed in 1960 during the widening of the boulevard to six lanes, it was officially justified by TMR authorities as a measure to safeguard children from traffic hazards. This installation coincided with demographic shifts in Park Extension, including a significant influx of Greek immigrants, amid TMR's status as an affluent, founded in with a historically homogeneous, higher-income population. The structure has long symbolized socioeconomic disparities between the neighborhoods: Park Extension, characterized by high-density rental housing and a diverse immigrant population facing elevated poverty rates, contrasts sharply with TMR's low-density, owner-occupied homes and wealthier residents. Critics, including local advocates and media, have labeled it the "Great Wall of Montreal" or "mur de la honte," arguing it functions as an exclusionary barrier reinforcing class and ethnic divides rather than mere safety infrastructure, especially given the boulevard's existing role as a natural divider. TMR officials have consistently rejected these interpretations, maintaining the fence's necessity for resident protection and dismissing removal proposals as politically motivated. Efforts to dismantle the fence have repeatedly failed. In 2021, mayoral candidate pledged its removal as a gesture against inequality, proposing to transform adjacent green spaces into shared parks, but TMR Mayor Peter Malouf affirmed the structure would remain intact. As of 2025, TMR has further restricted access by closing three of five pedestrian crossings over the boulevard, citing safety and maintenance concerns, which has intensified local frustrations over limited connectivity for Park Extension residents seeking TMR amenities like parks. Despite occasional community dialogues, the fence persists as a physical and perceptual divide, with no verified plans for alteration from either .

Debates on Multiculturalism and Social Cohesion

In Quebec, debates on multiculturalism often contrast the federal policy of recognizing diverse cultural identities with the province's preference for interculturalism, which prioritizes integration into a shared French-language framework to preserve social cohesion. Quebec Premier François Legault has argued that unchecked multiculturalism poses a threat to the French language and Quebec's cultural identity, advocating instead for immigrants to adapt to dominant norms rather than maintain separate parallel societies. This tension manifests in neighborhoods like Parc-Extension, where rapid influxes of non-French-speaking immigrants—primarily from South Asia since the 1990s—have resulted in over 63% visible minorities and low French proficiency, with many residents relying on English or heritage languages for daily interactions. Local integration efforts highlight both successes and frictions in social cohesion. A 2021 survey of approximately 40 Parc-Extension residents found high , attributed to strong interpersonal relationships, perceived , and access to ethnic amenities, countering narratives of isolation in ethnic enclaves; however, the neighborhood functions largely as a transitional hub, with upwardly mobile South Asian families often relocating to suburbs once established, potentially limiting long-term community bonds. Critics, including Quebec policymakers, contend that such enclaves foster segregation by reinforcing co-ethnic networks over broader societal ties, exacerbating barriers—evident in Parc-Extension's 69% non-French/English first-language speakers and 10% unable to communicate in either —which hinder participation in French-dominant institutions. Provincial language reforms like Bill 96 have amplified these debates in Parc-Extension, where educators report difficulties communicating with immigrant parents lacking French or English proficiency, prompting calls for translators and raising fears of reduced school engagement. Community advocates emphasize multiculturalism's role in fostering economic vitality through diverse businesses, yet acknowledge causal links between low assimilation and persistent inequities, such as access gaps tied to cultural and linguistic divides, which strain cohesion without enforced integration. Academic sources promoting seamless integration, like the aforementioned survey, may underemphasize these frictions due to institutional biases favoring pro-diversity interpretations, while empirical indicators—such as ongoing French promotion campaigns via sidewalk stickers—underscore unresolved assimilation challenges.

Culture

Community Institutions and Traditions

The Guru Nanak Darbar, situated at 430 Rue Saint-Roch, functions as a primary Sikh institution in Park Extension, accommodating daily prayers, communal langar meals provided free to visitors regardless of background, and Sikh cultural programming. Established to serve the neighborhood's substantial Punjabi Sikh population, it emphasizes principles of equality and service, drawing attendees from the local South Asian diaspora for religious observance and social support. Greek Orthodox churches, including Koimisis Tis Theotokou, Evangelismos Tis Theotokou, and the Hellenic Orthodox Church of St. Markos Eugenikos, anchor the historical Greek immigrant community, offering liturgical services, youth programs, and cultural preservation activities amid the area's demographic shifts. These institutions trace roots to mid-20th-century Greek settlement waves, maintaining Orthodox traditions like icon veneration and feast-day commemorations despite competition from newer arrivals. Catholic and Anglican elements persist through sites such as Église Saint-René-Goupil, which hosts masses and community events, and the earlier Saint-Cuthbert Anglican mission, whose wooden church building supported initial English-speaking Protestant social networks before multicultural diversification. Community traditions manifest in annual festivals blending immigrant heritages with local integration efforts, such as the Monsoon Festival held on June 24 in a nearby park, featuring South Asian-inspired music, dance performances, food vendors, and interactive workshops to foster intercultural ties among residents. The Montreal Greek Festival, drawing up to 20,000 participants over three days in mid-August, centers on traditional Hellenic cuisine, folk dancing, and vendor stalls, reflecting enduring Mediterranean influences in the neighborhood's fabric. observances in Park Extension emphasize shared civic values through organized gatherings, parades, and multicultural displays, adapting national holidays to the area's polyglot demographics. These events, often supported by local associations, underscore causal patterns of ethnic retention amid urban density, where religious sites double as venues for tradition transmission to younger generations.

Music, Arts, and Festivals

The Maison de la culture de Parc-Extension, operated by the City of Montreal, hosts free exhibitions, concerts, and family-oriented shows, including the "Off the Walls" program that supports local visual arts displays in non-traditional spaces. Similarly, the Maison de la culture Villeray—Saint-Michel—Parc-Extension features art exhibitions and performances, such as contemporary works by Indigenous artists like Sonny Assu and Nicholas Galanin, emphasizing cultural diversity through public access programming. Public art installations enhance the neighborhood's aesthetic, including Karine Payette's "Terre en vue" (Land in Sight), a playful installed in a dense residential area to engage immigrant communities with accessible environmental themes. Community-driven initiatives, such as the "Nos voisins sont des artistes" project by local organizations, promote emerging artists from historically underserved areas by fostering workshops and exhibitions to build a scene. Festivals reflect Park Extension's multicultural fabric, with events like the annual Monsoon Festival at Parc Dickie-Moore on June 24, 2025, organized by Brique par Brique, offering live music, performances, food stalls, and interactive activities celebrating South Asian heritage from 12 PM to 8 PM. The Greek Cultural Festival, including La Flamme Hellénique editions such as the 2019 event at d'Outremont Avenue and Saint-Roch Street, features traditional Hellenic dances and cuisine to preserve ethnic identity. Canada Day festivities on July 1, 2025, organized locally, unite residents through cultural displays and shared values. Music integrates into these gatherings, though dedicated venues remain limited, with broader borough events occasionally spilling into the area via platforms like Eventbrite.

Education

Primary and Secondary Schools

École primaire Barclay, part of the Centre de services scolaire de Montréal (CSSDM), serves as a major primary institution in Park Extension, accommodating around 700 students from four-year-old preschool through sixth grade in a highly multi-ethnic setting reflective of the neighborhood's demographics. The school, located amid a densely populated area with rapid youth growth, underwent an expansion in recent years to address overcrowding and outdated facilities, including inadequate gymnasium space. Additional primary schools include École Barthélémy-Vimont with its annexes and École Camille-Laurin, both operating under the CSSDM and characterized by elevated indices (IMSE 10), indicating significant socioeconomic challenges among student populations. École Saint-Roch functions as an annex within the neighborhood, contributing to local elementary education capacity. These institutions predominantly offer French-language instruction, aligning with Quebec's public education framework, though English-language options exist for eligible students via the (EMSB). Secondary students from Park Extension are assigned to nearby francophone public schools in the Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension borough, such as . English-eligible pupils may attend under the EMSB. No secondary school is physically located within Park Extension proper, leading to attendance at facilities in adjacent areas like Saint-Michel, including . The area's schools support a large immigrant body, with one institution noting approximately 1,000 enrollees, nearly half born outside , and reliance on 12 welcome classes (classes d'accueil) plus PELO programs for French immersion and integration. High deprivation levels correlate with broader educational hurdles, including elevated dropout risks in disadvantaged neighborhoods, though citywide high school completion rates stand at 87.1% as of recent data.

Access to Higher Education and Literacy Rates

In Parc-Extension, 25% of adults aged 25 to 64 lack a , more than double the average of 9%. This undereducation rate reflects barriers including recent from regions with varying educational standards and limited French proficiency, with only 53% of residents speaking French—one of the lowest rates on Island—and 11% speaking neither French nor English, compared to a 2% citywide average. Such language gaps contribute to functional challenges, as measured by proficiency in languages required for advanced schooling, though neighborhood-specific literacy scores from national assessments like the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies are unavailable. High school dropout rates in Parc-Extension exceed 40%, significantly higher than in more affluent neighborhoods like . These elevated rates, driven by socioeconomic factors such as and family work obligations among immigrant youth, severely restrict pathways to postsecondary institutions, where high school completion is prerequisite. Within the broader Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension borough, shows 24% of the without a , 19% with completion, 14% with credentials, and 34% holding degrees—figures that mask Parc-Extension's denser concentration of lower attainment due to its immigrant demographics. Access to higher education remains constrained by these foundational gaps, with limited local programs tailored to multilingual learners and reliance on underfunded resources rather than direct pipelines.

Transportation

Metro and Public Transit Access

Park Extension benefits from direct access to the via Parc station, located at the intersection of Ogilvy Avenue and Hutchison Street in the Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension borough. This station operates on Line 5 (Blue Line), providing east-west connectivity across northern from to Saint-Michel, with transfers available to other lines at stations like and . In 2024, Parc station recorded 2,517,373 passenger boardings, ranking it among moderately used stations on . Multiple (STM) bus routes enhance transit options in the neighborhood, including route 80 along Avenue du Parc, which links Park Extension southward to and northward to Outremont and beyond. Route 92 follows Street westward, connecting to nearby areas like , while route 16 provides service to Saint-Laurent via Graham Boulevard. These routes operate frequently during peak hours, supporting the dense residential population's commuting needs. Commuter rail access is available at Gare Parc on the Exo Saint-Jérôme line, situated adjacent to the metro station and offering regional connections to Laval and further north during peak periods. The integration of metro, bus, and train services at this hub facilitates efficient public transit for residents, though the Blue Line's limited extent requires transfers for direct downtown access. Nearby Acadie station on the Orange Line, approximately a 7-minute walk away, provides additional options for higher-capacity service toward central Montreal.

Road Networks and Traffic Issues

Park Extension's road network centers on two primary arteries: Avenue du Parc, a major north-south corridor facilitating vehicular and traffic toward , and Rue , an east-west thoroughfare connecting the neighborhood to adjacent areas like Villeray and . These routes intersect at a high-volume junction near the Parc metro station, handling significant commuter flows, including northbound-only on Avenue du Parc segments. Supporting this grid are narrower residential streets such as Avenue du Parc Lafontaine, Rue de l'Épée, and Avenue Querbes, which often serve as shortcuts amid peak-hour demands. Traffic congestion in the area is intensified by the neighborhood's high —exceeding 20,000 residents per square kilometer—and its role as a transit hub, leading to bottlenecks particularly at Avenue du Parc and Rue intersections during rush hours from 7-9 a.m. and 4-6 p.m. projects exacerbate delays; for instance, ongoing Blue Line metro extension work initiated in September 2024 has blocked sections of Rue at key intersections like Christophe-Colomb and Saint-Michael, forcing rerouting and increasing residential street volumes. Similarly, a 2023 water main replacement closed Rue from L'Acadie to Avenue Champagneur, creating a "traffic quagmire" with spillover onto parallel routes. Residents have reported drivers exploiting the grid's smaller streets as rat runs to evade main-road congestion, prompting calls for traffic calming measures such as street narrowings, one-way reversals on blocks like Bloomfield Avenue, and speed bumps between Rue Jean-Talon and Boulevard Crémazie. Borough officials in Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension have implemented some reversals and plan further interventions, though debates persist over bike lane expansions on streets like Avenue Christophe-Colomb and Avenue Querbes, which eliminate on-street parking and reportedly heighten congestion by constraining vehicular space. In September 2025, the city announced a full redevelopment of Avenue du Parc starting from the Parc station northward, aiming to enhance safety and mobility through widened sidewalks and protected bike paths, though critics anticipate short-term disruptions.

Sports and Recreation

Local Sports Clubs and Facilities

Loisirs du Parc, a in Park Extension, provides a range of sports programs including fitness classes, , soccer, , , and hockey, aimed at residents seeking accessible physical activities. It also offers an integrated dynamic balance program to help participants develop or maintain physical equilibrium, particularly benefiting older adults or those with mobility challenges. The Park-Extension Youth Organization (PEYO), established in 1967 as a non-profit, focuses on youth sports and leisure to promote healthy lifestyles and French-language immersion outside school. Its programs include low-cost ice hockey development for children to encourage participation in organized athletics, alongside general sports activities integrated into summer and winter day camps for ages 5½ to 12. PEYO's initiatives address historical limitations in local sports infrastructure by providing community-based alternatives. The Centre Communautaire Jeunesse Unie de Parc-Extension supports recreational sports alongside homework assistance and educational workshops, targeting youth in the neighborhood with activities that foster physical and social development. Complementing these, Montreal's Accès-Loisirs program enables free registration in municipal sports offerings like aquafitness, , , and team sports for eligible low-income and newcomer families in Park Extension, expanding access since its promotion in local policies as of October 2025.

Community Parks and Events

Parc du Centenaire-de-Parc-Extension, situated at the intersection of Rue Saint-Roch and Avenue Stuart, serves as a local green space offering amenities for arts, sports, and relaxation within the Park Extension neighborhood. Parc Dickie-Moore, a more recent addition to the area's parks, includes a log-based playground structure and a notably large slide designed for children's play. Parc Nicolas-Tillemont provides opportunities for passive recreation, natural observation, and outdoor activities amid greenery. Adjacent parks like Parc Jarry, bordering Park Extension to the east, draw residents for summer gatherings and events, though smaller local sites such as Parc Saint-Roch and Parc Bloomfield face maintenance challenges including outdated playground equipment. Community events in Park Extension emphasize multicultural engagement and family-oriented activities. The annual celebration, organized by Parc-Ex Events, features performances and gatherings highlighting the neighborhood's diverse immigrant communities, positioning it as one of Montreal's larger local observances of the holiday on July 1. The Maison de la culture de Parc-Extension hosts free exhibitions, concerts, and family shows year-round, including the "Off the Walls" program that integrates community murals. Loisirs du Parc, a , coordinates recreational programs such as summer camps, fitness classes, martial arts, soccer, guitar lessons, and arts workshops, primarily during warmer months. The Bureau d'information de Parc-Extension (BIPE) collaborates on periodic events with local partners, focusing on cultural and informational activities to foster resident involvement. These initiatives reflect the area's dense population and emphasis on accessible, low-cost amid limited large-scale green spaces.

Points of Interest

Key Landmarks and Cultural Sites

Parc station serves as a central landmark in Park Extension, functioning as both a key transit hub on the Metro's Blue Line and incorporating elements of the historic Gare railway station, originally opened in to replace the earlier Mile-End station. The itself opened on June 7, 1987, as part of an extension, with its entrance integrated into the preserved railway building, which was designated a in 1991. This structure underscores the neighborhood's evolution from early 20th-century rail connectivity to modern urban transit, supporting its dense residential and commercial activity. Religious sites form prominent cultural anchors, reflecting successive immigration waves that shaped Park Extension's demographics, from early British and Irish settlers to mid-century Greek arrivals. St. Cuthbert’s Anglican Church, established around 1910 as a wooden mission, initially acted as a social center for the nascent community. Catholic parishes like St. Francis of Assisi, located at 7755 Avenue d'Outremont, and earlier Saint-Francis and Saint-Roch churches from 1927 catered to Irish and French-Canadian populations. Greek Orthodox churches proliferated post-World War II, including Saint-Markos in 1956, Koimisis Tis Theotokou at 7700 Avenue de l'Épée in 1968, and Evangelismos Tis Theotokou at 777 Rue Saint-Roch in 1975, serving as enduring hubs for the neighborhood's once-dominant Greek community. More recent places of worship for Muslim, Sikh, and Hindu communities often occupy adapted storefronts, highlighting ongoing diversification since the 1980s. Community facilities developed in the late further bolster cultural life, with the Howie Morenz Arena opening in 1979 to honor legend and provide recreational space. Between 1990 and 2000, a repurposed high school site—previously known as "The Piggery" lot—housed a sports complex, Bibliothèque de Parc-Extension library, cultural centre, and pool, fostering multilingual programs and events that reflect the area's , including French conversation circles and children's literacy workshops. These venues support integration for immigrant families, offering toys, multicultural books, and community gatherings in a neighborhood marked by high .

References

  1. https://www.parcex.org/en/park-extension/
  2. https://ville.montreal.qc.ca/memoiresdesmontrealais/en/welcome-park-extension
  3. https://www.centraide-mtl.org/en/neighbourhood-profiles/montreal-island/parc-extension/
  4. https://theconversation.com/parc-extension-how-immigrants-are-integrating-into-montreals-most-multi-ethnic-neighbourhood-172575
  5. https://laplacecommune.com/en/parc-extension-neighborhood/
  6. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/montreal-trees-inequality-canada-1.6175204
  7. https://homelesshub.ca/blog/2021/impacts-green-gentrification-homelessness-urban-greening-and-displacement-parc-extension-neighborhood-montreal/
  8. https://qahn.org/awardrecipient/park-extension-historical-society
  9. https://realta.ca/en/properties-by-region/montreal/montreal-villeray-saint-michel-parc-extension/
  10. https://blog.heritagemontreal.org/en/un-plus-pour-lamenagement-urbain-des-citoyens-mobilises-au-parc-molson-depuis-1915/
  11. https://www.histoireparcextension.org/shpehs-news-nouvelles/wrapped-in-chains-by-mercedes-sharpe-zayas
  12. https://coolopolis.blogspot.com/2019/03/park-extension-65-photos-from-past-that.html
  13. https://www.geist.com/fact/the-great-wall-of-montreal
  14. https://www.histoireparcextension.org/shpehs-news-nouvelles/greek-immigration-to-montreal-in-the-50s-and-60s
  15. https://px-news.com/parc-extension-confronts-gentrification-challenges/
  16. https://canadiandimension.com/articles/view/killing-a-neighbourhood
  17. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02723638.2022.2073150
  18. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/parc-extension-gentrification-universite-de-montreal-1.4650697
  19. https://montreal.ca/en/articles/implementation-2050-land-use-and-mobility-plan-15575
  20. https://ca.news.yahoo.com/roadwork-redo-case-no-2-120056303.html
  21. https://www.laconverse.com/en/articles/pistes-cyclables-a-parc-extension-le-debat-au-dela-de-la-mobilite
  22. https://therover.ca/the-problem-with-fixing-heat-waves-in-parc-ex/
  23. https://px-news.com/park-extension-montreals-forgotten-neighborhood-in-crisis-report-exposes-widespread-inequities/
  24. https://mapcarta.com/37597992
  25. https://viacapitaledumontroyal.com/en/parc-extension-multicultural-and-intergenerational-neighborhood/
  26. https://alchetron.com/Park-Extension
  27. https://ville.montreal.qc.ca/pls/portal/docs/page/patrimoine_urbain_fr/media/documents/26_evaluation_patrimoine_villeray.pdf
  28. http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/pls/portal/docs/page/plan_urbanisme_fr/media/documents/130923_chapitre_26.pdf
  29. https://fr-fr.topographic-map.com/map-vffdn/Villeray-Saint-Michel-Parc-Extension/
  30. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0&DGUIDlist=2021A00052466023&SearchText=montreal
  31. https://www.centris.ca/en/tools/community-profile/montreal-island/montreal-villeray-saint-michel-parc-extension
  32. https://montreal.ca/en/city-government/villeray-saint-michel-parc-extension-borough-council
  33. https://montreal.ca/en/elected-officials/laurence-lavigne-lalonde-1131
  34. https://montreal.ca/en/elected-officials/mary-deros-1151
  35. https://ensemblemtl.org/en/team/mary-deros/
  36. https://montreal.ca/en/places/villeray-saint-michel-parc-extension-borough-hall
  37. https://www.211qc.ca/en/organization/villeray-saint-michel-parc-extension-borough-18767969
  38. https://px-news.com/mary-deros-to-seek-new-term-representing-parc%25E2%2580%2591extension-in-2025-municipal-election/
  39. https://projetmontreal.org/en/news/projet-montreal-devoile-son-equipe-complete-dans-villeray-saint-michel-parc-extensio
  40. https://montreal.citynews.ca/2025/04/06/papineau-election-lookahead/
  41. https://px-news.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/PXN-33-09-WEB.pdf
  42. https://www.electionsquebec.qc.ca/en/electoral-maps/provincial-electoral-divisions/electoral-division-sheet/laurier-dorion/
  43. https://www.assnat.qc.ca/en/deputes/fontecilla-andres-17953/index.html
  44. https://www.montreal-kits.com/villeray-saint-michel-parc-extension-companies.html
  45. https://www.centraide-mtl.org/en/groups-most-at-risk-of-poverty/
  46. https://homelesshub.ca/blog/2019/homelessness-hardship-and-public-action-gentrifying-areas-case-park-extension-montreal/
  47. http://neighbourhoodchange.ca/documents/2018/03/leloup-the-working-poor-in-montreal-statistical-profile.pdf
  48. https://px-news.com/parc-extensions-housing-costs-surge-as-affordability-crisis-deepens/
  49. https://px-news.com/parc-extension-housing-crisis-skyrocketing-rents-and-gentrification-threaten-to-uproot-the-heart-of-montreals-immigrant-community/
  50. https://qcna.qc.ca/rising-rents-and-housing-scarcity-park-extension-residents-cautioned/
  51. https://thelinknewspaper.ca/article/parc-ex-a-testimony-of-montreals-housing-crisis
  52. https://spvm.qc.ca/upload/Profil_criminalite_PDQ/PDQ31_Profils_criminalit%C3%A9_2021.pdf
  53. https://montrealgazette.com/news/here-are-the-32-homicides-montreal-police-reported-in-2024
  54. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/park-extension-montreal-calmer-streets-1.6403264
  55. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/montreal-jarry-park-voyeurism-1.7578264
  56. https://qcna.qc.ca/recurring-issues-of-street-cleaning-parking-and-safety-take-center-stage-at-parc-extension-town-hall/
  57. https://spvm.qc.ca/upload/03/SPVM_RappActivite2024_EN.pdf
  58. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/85-561-m/85-561-m2006007-eng.pdf
  59. https://www.nesto.ca/lifestyle/top-10-safest-neighbourhoods-montreal/
  60. https://cbarparcex.ca/projects/systemic-racism-in-park-extension-summary-of-issues-and-recommendations/
  61. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/park-ex-bureau-d-information-parc-extension-1.6457988
  62. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/montreal-cslc-parc-extension-1.7442688
  63. https://px-news.com/despite-unemployment-skilled-worker-shortage-persists-in-quebec-local-implications-for-parc-extension/
  64. https://immetis.com/en/montreal-a-city-of-the-future-despite-headwinds-in-immigration/
  65. https://iwc-cti.ca/justice-pour-les-travailleurs-et-travailleuses-immigrants-dans-parc-extensionjustice-for-immigrant-workers-in-parc-extension/
  66. https://mghjournal.com/2020/08/27/healthcare-for-all-access-to-healthcare-for-migrants-with-precarious-status-in-the-parc-extension-neighbourhood-of-montreal-quebec/
  67. https://www.locatairesdevilleray.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Rapport_en_re%25CC%2581vise%25CC%2581.pdf
  68. https://nationalpost.com/pmn/news-pmn/parc-extension-how-immigrants-are-integrating-into-montreals-most-multi-ethnic-neighbourhood
  69. https://www.parcex.org/en/parc-extension-neighborhood-profile/
  70. https://homelesshub.ca/blog/2019/housing-instability-social-disadvantage-and-domestic-violence-case-parc-extension/
  71. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/parc-extension-evictions-housing-covid-19-1.5611460
  72. https://px-news.com/affordable-housing-crunch-feels-acute-in-parc-extension/
  73. https://px-news.com/rising-rents-and-housing-scarcity-park-extension-residents-cautioned/
  74. https://www.tabloid.co/2019/09/09/les-migrants-des-bonbons
  75. https://px-news.com/here-to-stay/
  76. https://marcellodicintio.com/2011/06/17/parc-excluded/
  77. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234118843_Two_Sides_of_the_Fence_A_Comparative_Analysis_Of_Parc-Extension_and_Town_of_Mont-Royal
  78. https://www.lapresse.ca/debats/votre-opinion/200909/29/01-906675-notre-mur-de-la-honte.php
  79. https://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/grand-montreal/2021-09-28/symbole-negatif/coderre-retirerait-la-cloture-entre-parc-extension-et-mont-royal.php
  80. https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1827624/barriere-boulevard-acadie-inegalites-denis-coderre-promesse
  81. https://www.facebook.com/Montrealnow.tv/posts/depuis-une-quinzaine-dann%25C3%25A9es-la-ville-de-mont-royal-ferme-trois-des-cinq-acc%25C3%25A8s-q/122201718596270823/
  82. https://www.ledevoir.com/politique/montreal/636069/denis-coderre-propose-de-retirer-la-cloture-entre-mont-royal-et-parc-extension
  83. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/quebec-premier-multiculturalism-1.6501246
  84. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/parc-extension-french-language-sticker-campaign-street-sidewalks-1.6919072
  85. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26290768
  86. https://cultmtl.com/2022/05/bill-96-parc-ex-educators-and-parents-voice-deep-concerns-quebec-language-law-montreal-immigrants-integration-education/
  87. https://cultmtl.com/2023/02/health-inequity-in-parc-ex-amplified-by-quebec-government-policies-and-anti-immigrant-rhetoric/
  88. https://montrealgurudwara.com/
  89. https://montrealgurudwara.com/about-our-gurdwara/
  90. https://imtl.org/montreal/borough/Parc-Extension.php?TheTYPE=1&subType=3&detail=1
  91. https://montreal.ca/en/places/eglise-saint-rene-goupil
  92. https://www.briqueparbrique.com/en/monsoon
  93. https://lavalnews.ca/up-to-20000-attended-montreal-greek-festival-in-the-heart-of-parc-ex/
  94. https://canadadayparcex.ca/
  95. https://montreal.ca/en/places/maison-de-la-culture-de-parc-extension
  96. https://www.baca.ca/en/maison-de-la-culture-villeray-saint-michel-parc-extension/
  97. https://www.cbc.ca/arts/montreal-has-more-than-1-000-public-artworks-including-these-hidden-gems-1.7489697
  98. https://px-news.com/our-neighbours-are-artists/
  99. https://px-news.com/greek-festival-park-ex/
  100. https://hcgm.org/greek-festival-flamme-hellenique/
  101. https://www.eventbrite.com/b/canada--montreal--villeray-saint-michel-parc-extension/music/
  102. https://barclay.cssdm.gouv.qc.ca/
  103. https://barclay.cssdm.gouv.qc.ca/ecole/
  104. https://archello.com/fr/project/barclay-school-expansion
  105. https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2011/07/16/lecole-dans-le-parc
  106. http://www.reseaureussitemontreal.ca/dans-les-quartiers/parc-extension/
  107. https://www.imtl.org/montreal/building/Ecole_Saint_rock.php?id=1812&im=1
  108. https://www.quebeceducationcareers.ca/districts/english-montreal/
  109. https://www.yelp.com/search?cflt=highschools&find_loc=Villeray-Saint-Michel-Parc-Extension%252C%2BMontreal%252C%2BQC
  110. https://int.design/en/projects/ecole-jarry/
  111. http://www.reseaureussitemontreal.ca/en/neighbourhoods/parc-extension/
  112. https://www.centraide-mtl.org/en/blog/a-new-school-year-the-same-inequality-challenges-for-young-montrealers/
  113. https://px-news.com/school-drop-out-rates-on-the-rise-in-park-ex-all-over-the-city/
  114. https://www.metrodemontreal.com/blue/parc/general.html
  115. https://www.railfans.ca/metro/content/stations/parc
  116. https://www.railfans.ca/metro/stations
  117. https://exo.quebec/en/trip-planner/parc-station
  118. https://www.imtl.org/montreal/building/station_metro_parc.php
  119. https://moovitapp.com/index/en/public_transit-Parc_Extension-Montreal_QC-site_19365547-342
  120. https://projetmontreal.org/en/news/avenue-du-parc-less-danger-more-mobility
  121. https://montreal.ca/en/articles/ebn-jean-talonbelanger-start-development-work-67122
  122. https://px-news.com/residents-react-to-traffic-appeasement-plan/
  123. https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/montreal-metro-blue-line-extension-construction-september
  124. https://px-news.com/a-traffic-quagmire-in-park-ex/
  125. https://px-news.com/park-extension-street-direction-changes-addressing-traffic-congestion-and-residential-concerns/
  126. https://qcna.qc.ca/bike-path-expansion-in-parc-extension-whos-really-benefiting/
  127. https://bipe.parcex.org/en/organization/loisirs-du-parc/
  128. https://www.peyo.org/en/
  129. https://bipe.parcex.org/en/organization/organisation-des-jeunes-de-parc-extension-park-extension-youth-organization-peyo/
  130. https://www.211qc.ca/en/organization/centre-communautaire-jeunesse-unie-de-parc-extension-18760938
  131. https://px-news.com/a-right-to-leisure-montreals-new-policy-and-what-it-means-for-park-extension/
  132. https://montreal.ca/en/places/parc-du-centenaire-de-parc-extension
  133. https://montreal.ca/en/places/parc-dickie-moore
  134. https://montreal.ca/en/places/parc-nicolas-tillemont
  135. https://talentmontreal.com/en/interactive-map/villeray-saint-michel-parc-extension
  136. https://bipe.parcex.org/en/events/
  137. https://montreal.ca/en/places/place-de-la-gare-jean-talon
  138. https://www.metrodemontreal.com/blue/parc/index.html
  139. https://kids.kiddle.co/Parc_station_%28Montreal%29
  140. https://exo.quebec/en/ride-with-us/history-metropolitan-stations
  141. https://px-news.com/the-fate-of-an-historic-building-in-modern-times/
  142. https://bipe.parcex.org/en/organization/bibliotheque-de-parc-extension-park-extension-library/
  143. https://www.mtl.org/en/experience/montreal-libraries
  144. https://www.211qc.ca/en/organization/bibliotheques-de-montreal-park-extension-library-18767783
Add your contribution
Related Hubs
User Avatar
No comments yet.