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Sanrio
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Sanrio Company, Ltd. (株式会社サンリオ, Kabushiki-gaisha Sanrio)[4] is a Japanese entertainment company. It designs, licenses, and manufactures products focusing on the kawaii ("cute") segment of Japanese popular culture. Their products include stationery, school supplies, gifts, and accessories, which are sold worldwide, including at specialty brand retail stores in Japan. Sanrio's best-known character is Hello Kitty, a cartoon cat[5][6][7] and one of the most successful marketing brands in the world.[8]
Key Information
Besides selling character goods, Sanrio takes part in film production and publishing. They own the rights to the Mr. Men characters and Japanese licensing rights to the Peanuts characters. Their animatronics branch, Kokoro Company, Ltd. (kokoro being Japanese for "heart"), is best known for the Actroid android. The company also runs several KFC franchises across Tokyo and Saitama Prefecture.[9]
History
[edit]
Shintaro Tsuji founded Sanrio on August 10, 1960, then known as the Yamanashi Silk Company using ¥1 million in capital.[a] In 1962, Tsuji expanded his enterprise from silk to rubber sandals with flowers painted on them.[11] Tsuji noticed his success gained by merely adding a cute design to the sandals.[11] He began using existing cartoon characters for his merchandise. In the late 1960s the company began producing goods with the dog character Snoopy, from the American comic strip Peanuts, after acquiring the Japanese licensing rights.[12]
In 1973 the company was officially established under the name Sanrio. In the book Kore ga Sanrio no Himitsu Desu (これがサンリオの秘密です) or These are Sanrio's Secrets Tsuji, Sanrio's founder, said that Yamanashi (山梨), part of the company's former name, has an alternative on'yomi reading of Sanri. The remaining o was added from the ou (オウ) sound people make when they are excited.[13] The company's European website gives another origin of the name, saying the name comes from the Spanish words san ('holy') and río ('river').[14]
Tsuji hired his own designers to create characters for Sanrio, so as to not have to pay outside royalty fees.[11][15] The first original Sanrio character, Coro Chan, was introduced in 1973.[16][17] Hello Kitty was added to the lineup of early Sanrio characters in 1974 and the first related merchandise was released the following year. The popular feline whose mouth is usually invisible has had both peaks and drops in sales over the years but always has been the highest contributor to Sanrio's sales. Sanrio constantly adds new characters to its lineup. Specific characters are rotated in and out of active production.[18] For a short time, Osamu Tezuka's baby unicorn character Unico, who starred in two feature-length anime movies in the early 1980s, was also part of the Sanrio's lineup; however, the rights to Unico shifted to Osamu Tezuka's own company after Tezuka's death in 1989.
In late 2003, Sanrio won the "Top Brand with a Conscience" award from the Medinge Group of Sweden for its communication principles.[19] The company has partnered with UNICEF since 1984. In 2006, Sanrio launched Sanrio Digital together with Typhoon Games to expand to the Internet, online games, and mobile services.
Beginning with Jewelpet in 2008, Sanrio started collaborating with Sega Toys in creating characters intended to become media franchises. Subsequent collaborations include Rilu Rilu Fairilu from 2016 and Beatcats from 2020.[20][21]
2010 was Sanrio's 50th anniversary. In conjunction with this, Build-A-Bear Workshop released limited-edition stuffed toys of several Sanrio characters, including Hello Kitty, Chococat, My Melody and Keroppi.[22]
Hello Kitty is alleged to be drawn in a similar style to the rabbit Miffy. On August 26, 2010, Mercis BV, representing Miffy's creator Dick Bruna, brought suit against Sanrio. They claimed that one of Hello Kitty's companion characters, a rabbit named Cathy, infringes on the copyright and trademark of Miffy.[23] On November 2, 2010, a Dutch court ruled against Sanrio and ordered the company to stop marketing Cathy products in Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands.[23][24][25] Following the March 11, 2011, earthquake and tsunami in Japan, Sanrio and Mercis reached an out-of-court settlement on June 7, 2011, for Sanrio to halt production worldwide of merchandise that feature Cathy. They also jointly announced a €150,000 donation to earthquake victims.[26]
In December 2011, Sanrio Global acquired the rights to the Mr. Men characters, which includes the subsidiary Mr Men Films Ltd, taking over Chorion's THOIP company.[27][28][29]
In 2019 the European Commission fined Sanrio 6.2 million euros (approximately 6.9 million US dollars) for blocking cross-border sales of its licensed products.[30][31]
In June 2020, it was announced that the company's founder and president, Shintaro Tsuji would step down from the role and hand control of the company to his grandson, Tomokuni Tsuji. Tomokuni was just 31 at the time, making him the youngest chief executive of a listed Japanese company.[32] Shintaro Tsuji ran the company for 60 years.[33]
Locations
[edit]Japan
[edit]Sanrio hosts two theme parks in Japan, Sanrio Puroland in Tama, Tokyo, and Harmonyland[34][35] in Hiji, Ōita, Kyūshū.
North America
[edit]Sanrio, Inc. is Sanrio's North American subsidiary. Sanrio, Inc. has offices in South San Francisco, California, and Torrance, California. Sanrio's first Western Hemisphere store opened in San Jose's Eastridge Mall. In 2008, Sanrio, Inc. opened its high-end boutique called Sanrio Luxe in New York City's Times Square. In the Western Hemisphere, Sanrio character-branded products are sold in upwards of 13,000 locations including department, specialty, and national chain stores and over 85 Sanrio boutiques. In April 2010, the first and only Sanrio-licensed eatery (Sanrio Cafe) in the U.S. opened at Pearlridge's Downtown phase in Aiea, Hawaii.
In 2004, Sanrio Co. Ltd., expanded its license to one of its major licensee and plush suppliers Nakajima USA to include the owning and operating of all Sanrio branded stores in the U.S., overseeing the relationships between individual licensed stores and supplying all categories of products for the retail stores in the US and wholesale accounts.
Characters
[edit]Sanrio has created over 450 characters as of 2022, the best known of which is the white cat character Hello Kitty from 1974.[36] Other well-known characters include the rabbit My Melody from 1975, the frog Keroppi from 1988, the penguin Bad Badtz-Maru from 1993, the white dog Cinnamoroll from 2001, the rabbit Kuromi from 2005, the animal series Jewelpet from 2008, the egg character Gudetama from 2013, and the red panda Aggressive Retsuko from 2015.
Notable designers of Sanrio characters include Yuko Shimizu, original designer of Hello Kitty, Yuko Yamaguchi, lead designer for most of Hello Kitty's history, and Miyuki Okumura, original designer of Cinnamoroll.[37][38][39]
Since 1986 Sanrio has held the annual Sanrio Character Ranking poll where fans can vote on their favorite characters. It began in the Strawberry Newspaper published by Sanrio in Japan, but now voting also takes place online.[36]
Besides their own original characters, Sanrio also owns the rights to the Mr. Men characters and Japanese licensing rights to the Peanuts characters.
Filmography
[edit]Theatrical
[edit]From 1977 to 1985, Sanrio produced movies through their Sanrio Films label. After A Journey Through Fairyland, Sanrio switched gears and started doing short films, OVAs, and TV shows based on their characters. In 2006, Sanrio announced they are again going to do feature-length films.
| Title (English and Japanese) | Release date | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Joe and the Rose (バラの花とジョー/ Bara no Hana to Joe) | March 7, 1977 (Japan) | Animated short film |
| Little Jumbo (小さなジャンボ/ Chiisana Jumbo) | September 10, 1977 (Japan) | Animated short film |
| Who Are the DeBolts? And Where Did They Get Nineteen Kids? | September 10, 1977 (Japan) December 7, 1977 (USA) |
Live-action documentary; co-produced with Charles M. Schulz Creative Associates and Korty Films |
| The Mouse and His Child (親子ねずみの不思議な旅/Oyaro nezumi no fushingina tabi) | November 18, 1977 (USA) March 11, 1978 (Japan) |
Co-produced with Murakami Wolf; Based on the children's book by Russell Hoban |
| Ringing Bell (チリンの鈴/Chirin no Suzu) | March 11, 1978 (Japan) April 8, 1983 (USA; Direct to Video) |
Animated short film; Based on the children's book by Takashi Yanase |
| Olly Olly Oxen Free (also released as The Great Balloon Adventure) | May 13, 1978 (Japan) c. August 1978 (USA) |
Live-action film |
| Orpheus of the Stars/Metamorphoses/Winds of Change (星のオルフェウス/Hoshi no Orufeusu) | May 26, 1978 (USA; as Metamorphoses) May 3, 1979 (USA; as Winds of Change) October 27, 1979 (Japan; as Orpheus of the Stars) |
Animated film; Based on the poem, Metamorphoses, by Ovid Co-produced with Columbia Pictures |
| The Glacier Fox[40] (キタキツネ物語/Kita-kitsune monogatari) | July 15, 1978 (Japan) January 5, 1979 (USA) |
Live-action documentary |
| Nutcracker Fantasy (くるみ割り人形/Kurumiwari Ningyō) | March 3, 1979 (Japan) July 6, 1979 (USA) |
Stop-motion animated film; Based on The Nutcracker by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky |
| Unico: Black Cloud, White Feather (ユニコ 黒い雲と白い羽/Kuroi Kumo Shiroi Hane) | April 30, 1979 (Japan)[41] | Rejected animated pilot; Based on the manga by Osamu Tezuka |
| A Tale of Africa/The Green Horizon (アフリカ物語/Afurika Monogatari) | July 19, 1980 (Japan) c. 1981 (USA; Released as The Green Horizon on television) |
Live-action film |
| The Fantastic Adventures of Unico (ユニコ) | March 14, 1981 (Japan) May 12, 1983 (USA; released direct-to-video) |
Animated film; Co-production with Tezuka Productions & Madhouse; Based on the manga by Osamu Tezuka |
| The Sea Prince and the Fire Child (シリウスの伝説/The Legend of Sirius) | July 18, 1981 (Japan) September 8, 1982 (USA; released direct-to-video) |
Animated film |
| The Ideon: A Contact (伝説巨神イデオン 接触篇/Densetsu-kyoshin ideon: Sesshoku-hen) | July 10, 1982 (Japan) | Animated film (compilation film based on Space Runaway Ideon) Co-produced with Sunrise/Co-distributed by Shochiku |
| The Ideon: Be Invoked (伝説巨神イデオン 発動篇/Densetsu kyojin ideon: Hatsudou-hen) | July 10, 1982 (Japan) | Animated film (Alternate ending of the television series: Space Runaway Ideon) Co-produced with Sunrise |
| Don't Cry, It's Only Thunder | November 5, 1982 (USA) | Live-action film |
| Unico in the Island of Magic (ユニコ 魔法の島へ) | July 16, 1983 (Japan) November 10, 1983 (USA; released direct-to-video) |
Animated film; Based on the manga by Osamu Tezuka |
| Oshin (おしん) | March 17, 1984 (Japan) | Animated film; Based on the Japanese television drama of the same name |
| Fairy Florence/A Journey Through Fairyland (妖精フローレンス/Yosei Florence) | October 19, 1985 (Japan) November 4, 1985 (USA; released direct-to-video) |
Animated film |
| My Melody no Akazukin (マイメロディの赤ずきん) | July 22, 1989 (Japan) | Animated film; Part of Sanrio Anime Festival |
| Hello Kitty no Cinderella (ハローキティのシンデレラ) | ||
| Kiki to Lala no Aoi Tori (キキとララの青い鳥) | ||
| Pokopon no Yukai na Saiyuuki (ぽこぽんのゆかいな西遊記) | July 21, 1990 (Japan) | Animated film; Part of Sanrio Anime Festival |
| Hello Kitty no Oyayubi Hime (ハローキティのおやゆびひめ) | ||
| Kero Kero Keroppi no Daibouken: Fushigi na Mame no ki (けろけろけろっぴの大冒険 ふしぎな豆の木) | ||
| Kero Kero Keroppi no Sanjuushi (けろけろけろっぴの三銃士) | July 20, 1991 (Japan) | Animated film; Part of Sanrio Anime Festival |
| Hello Kitty no Mahou no Mori no Ohime-sama (ハローキティの魔法の森のお姫さま) | ||
| Tabo no Ryuuguu Hoshi Dai Tanken (たあ坊の竜宮星大探険) | ||
| Hello Kitty no Minna no Mori o Mamore! (ハローキティのみんなの森をまもれ!) | January 13, 1996 (Japan) | Animated film; Part of Sanrio Anime Festival |
| Kero Kero Keroppi no Bikkuri! Obake Yashiki (けろけろけろっぴのびっくり! おばけやしき) | ||
| Bad Batzmaru no Ore no Pochi Sekaiichi (バッドばつ丸のオレのポチは世界一) | ||
| Mouse Story: George and Gerald's Adventure (ねずみ物語 ジョージとジェラルドの冒険) | December 22, 2007 (Japan) | Animated film; Co-produced with Madhouse; Released in a double bill with Cinnamoroll the Movie[42] |
| Cinnamoroll the Movie (シナモン The Movie) | December 22, 2007 (Japan) | Animated film; Co-produced with Madhouse; Released in a double bill with Mouse Story: George and Gerald's Adventure[43] |
| Jewelpet the Movie: Sweets Dance Princess (映画ジュエルペット スウィーツダンスプリンセス) | August 11, 2012 (Japan) | Animated film; Co-produced with Sega Toys & Studio Comet |
| Onegai My Melody: Yū & Ai (おねがいマイメロディ) | August 11, 2012 (Japan) | Animated film; Co-produced with Studio Comet |
| Gō-chan and his Forest Friends Moko & Marvelous Creatures | May 3, 2017 (Japan) | Animated film; Co-produced with TV Asahi & Shin-Ei Animation |
| Gō-chan ~Moco and the Promise Made on the Ice~ | March 18, 2018 (Japan) | Animated film; Co-produced with TV Asahi & Shin-Ei Animation |
| Jewelepet Attack Travel! | May 14, 2022 | Animated short film; Co-produced with Ashi Productions |
Other animation
[edit]Sanrio began its involvement in the production of TV and direct-to-video animation during the late 1980s and early 1990s, starting with the US-made Hello Kitty's Furry Tale Theater in 1987. The character My Melody got her first starring role in an animated series in the anime television series, Onegai My Melody, which first aired on TV Osaka on April 3, 2005, and was produced by Studio Comet. The Sugarbunnies franchise was later adapted into a 7-minute short series in 2007 and was popular enough to gain two sequels.
Jewelpet was also adapted into an anime metaseries in 2009, which was also produced by Studio Comet, spanning 6 official seasons and one theatrical movie, making it the longest-running anime adaptation of a Sanrio franchise in history.
Show by Rock!!, a game by Sanrio and Geechs got an anime adaptation produced by Bones in 2015—and was licensed in the United States by Funimation. Aggretsuko also get three animated adaptations by Fanworks, one aired on TBS and the later two were released officially on Netflix.
- Mr. Men (1974) – Flicks Films
- Little Miss (1983) – Flicks Films
- Button Nose (1985) – Topcraft
- Hello Kitty's Furry Tale Theater (1987) – DIC Entertainment
- Hello Kitty and Friends (1989–1998) – Grouper Production
- Mr. Men and Little Miss (1995–1997) – Marina Productions/Breakthrough Films and Television
- Flint the Time Detective (1998) – Group TAC
- Hello Kitty's Paradise (1999)
- Hello Kitty's Animation Theater (2001) – Group TAC
- Hello Kitty's Stump Village (2005) – Studio Tomorrow/SOVIK Venture Capital
- Onegai My Melody (2005) – Studio Comet
- U*SA*HA*NA: Dream Ballerina (2006) – Asahi Production
- Hello Kitty: Ringo no Mori Fantasy (2006) – Asahi Production
- Onegai My Melody ~KuruKuru Shuffle!~ (2006) – Studio Comet
- Hello Kitty: Ringo No Mori No Mystery (2007) – Asahi Production
- Sugarbunnies (2007) – Asahi Production
- Onegai My Melody Sukkiri♪ (2007) – Studio Comet
- Hello Kitty: Ringo no Mori to Parallel Town (2007) – Asahi Production
- Sugarbunnies Chocolat! (2008) – Asahi Production
- Onegai♪My Melody Kirara (2008) – Studio Comet
- The Adventures of Hello Kitty & Friends (2008) - Dream Cortex
- Sugarbunnies Fleur (2009) – Asahi Production
- Jewelpet (2009) – Studio Comet
- Jewelpet Twinkle (2010) – Studio Comet
- Jewelpet Sunshine (2011) – Studio Comet
- Jewelpet Kira Deco! (2012) – Studio Comet
- Jewelpet Happiness (2013) – Studio Comet
- Lady Jewelpet (2014) – Zexcs
- Show by Rock!! (2015) – Bones[44]
- Jewelpet: Magical Change (2015) – Studio Deen and TMS Entertainment
- Rilu Rilu Fairilu ~ Yousei no Door ~ (2016) – Studio Deen
- Show by Rock!!# (2016) – Bones
- Rilu Rilu Fairilu ~ Mahou no Kagami ~ (2017) – Studio Deen
- Sanrio Boys (2018) – Pierrot
- Aggretsuko (2018–2023) – Fanworks
- Oshiete Mahou no Pendulum ~ Rilu Rilu Fairilu ~ (2018) - Studio Deen
- Show by Rock!! Mashumairesh!! (2020) – Kinema Citrus
- Mewkledreamy (2020) – J.C.Staff
- Show by Rock!! Stars!! (2021) – Kinema Citrus
- Mewkledreamy Mix! (2021) – J.C.Staff
- Gudetama: An Eggcellent Adventure (2022) – Gathering and Oriental Light and Magic (OLM)
- My Melody & Kuromi (2025)- Toruku Studio
Variety shows
[edit]A few children's variety shows by Sanrio aired on TV Tokyo.
- Daisuki! Hello Kitty (1993–1994)
- Asobou!! Hello Kitty (1994)
- Hello Kitty to Bad Badtz-Maru (1994–1998)
- Kitty's Paradise (1999–2011)
- Sanrio Characters Pon Pon Jump! (2017–2020)
- Fun Fun Kitty! (2020–2022)
Video games
[edit]Sanrio Digital produces and publishes digital content based on Sanrio intellectual property assets like Hello Kitty, My Melody, Badtz Maru and many others. Among the games are: Hello Kitty: Roller Rescue, Hello Kitty: Birthday Adventures, and Hello Kitty Seasons. Hello Kitty Island Adventure (2023) is a Sanrio game created for Apple Arcade, PC and Nintendo Switch.
Publishing
[edit]Sanrio publishes many books featuring its own characters. It also publishes art books (for instance, those by Keibun Ōta). Sanrio publishes books in many languages, including Japanese and English. Sanrio published video games in the early 1990s under the name Character Soft.
References
[edit]Footnotes
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ "サンリオ[8136]の株価・株主優待など。". Archived from the original on December 5, 2016.
- ^ a b c d e "Financial Statements". Sanrio Co., Ltd. Retrieved December 8, 2023.
- ^ "Company Profile | About Sanrio | Sanrio". Sanrio Co., Ltd. Retrieved October 25, 2025.
- ^ サンリオ
- ^ Ashcroft, Brian (August 28, 2014). "Don't Be Silly, Hello Kitty Is a Cat". Retrieved August 29, 2014.
- ^ Allen, Sarah (August 29, 2014). "Is Hello Kitty a Cat? Sanrio Doesn't Know". Retrieved August 29, 2014.
- ^ "Hello Kitty isn't a cat!? We called Sanrio to find out!". August 28, 2014. Retrieved August 29, 2014.
- ^ "Hello Kitty's guide to business success – CNET News". April 2, 2015. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved October 31, 2023.
- ^ "Food and Restaurant Division". Sanrio. Archived from the original on July 7, 2015. Retrieved April 21, 2025.
- ^ Belson & Bremner 2004, p. 38.
- ^ a b c "The cat who turned kawaii into cash". Asia Times. December 13, 2003. Archived from the original on February 10, 2005. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
- ^ Gomez, Edward (July 14, 2004). "How Hello Kitty Came to Rule the World / With little advertising and no TV spinoff, Sanrio's 30-year-old feline turned cute into the ultimate brand". SF Gate. Retrieved January 25, 2020.
- ^ Tsuji 2000.
- ^ "Sanrio Europe". Archived from the original on October 1, 2009. Retrieved September 14, 2009.
- ^ "Shintaro Tsuji, CEO, Sanrio - CNN.com". CNN. Archived from the original on November 5, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2022.
- ^ "Coro Chan | Sanrio Timeline". Archived from the original on October 25, 2020.
- ^ "サンリオキャラクターたちの知られざる素顔を覗き見!?【誰かに話したくなるサンリオの魅力まとめ】". domani.shogakukan.co.jp (in Japanese). April 22, 2019. Archived from the original on December 18, 2019.
- ^ Characters Archived December 23, 2010, at the Wayback Machine - Sanrio.com
- ^ "Brands with a Conscience - Past winners - 2004". Medinge Group. Archived from the original on December 17, 2010.
- ^ "Sanrio, Sega Toys Collaborate on Rilu Rilu Fairilu TV Anime". Anime News Network. Retrieved October 26, 2022.
- ^ "ニャンとかわいい☆ダンスボーカルユニット『Beatcats』公開♬" (in Japanese). Animage. October 8, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
- ^ "Hello Kitty and Sanrio Friends Celebrate Sanrio's 50th Anniversary at Build-A-Bear Workshop". Business Wire. St. Louis. August 4, 2010. Archived from the original on December 4, 2014.
- ^ a b "Announcement of Provisional Disposition Order Against Sanrio" (PDF) (Press release). Sanrio Company, Ltd. November 4, 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 30, 2011. Retrieved July 25, 2011.
- ^ Kollewe, Julia (November 4, 2010). "Miffy biffs Cathy in Kitty copycat case". The Guardian. London. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
- ^ Dawson, Chester; Takeuchi, Kanna (November 4, 2010). "Miffy, Hello Kitty Take Bunny Beef to Court". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
- ^ "Japan's Hello Kitty resolves bunny battle with Miffy". Radio Netherlands Worldwide. Archived from the original on June 23, 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
- ^ Sweney, Mark (December 6, 2011). "Mr Men bought by Hello Kitty owner". The Guardian. UK.
- ^ "'I asked my dad what a tickle looked like'". November 16, 2021. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021.
- ^ "Company Profile | Sanrio".
- ^ Abdul, Geneva (July 10, 2019). "Hello Kitty's Parent Company Fined $6.9 Million by E.U." The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 10, 2019.
- ^ "Press corner European Commission". Archived from the original on May 16, 2020.
- ^ Ōi, Mariko (October 31, 2024). "How Japan's youngest CEO transformed Hello Kitty". BBC News. Retrieved November 7, 2024.
- ^ "Hello Kitty gets a new boss after 60 years". The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. June 13, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
- ^ "Attractions".
- ^ Harmonyland Archived December 1, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b "2022 Sanrio Character Ranking Kicks Off!" (PDF). sanrio.eu. Retrieved July 6, 2022.
- ^ "Hello Kitty's lead designer tells the origin story of the British schoolgirl". Today. Singapore. June 21, 2016. Archived from the original on August 27, 2016.
- ^ Tabuchi, Hiroko (May 14, 2010). "In Search of Adorable, as Hello Kitty Gets Closer to Goodbye". NYTimes.com.
- ^ Dennison, Kara (November 22, 2019). "Oda Cinnamon Nobunaga Teams up with Sanrio's Cinnamoroll for Canine Collab". Crunchyroll. Retrieved October 26, 2022.
- ^ "The Glacier Fox (1978) - IMDb". IMDb.
- ^ "Unico: Black Cloud and White Feather". myunicofans.com.
- ^ "Mouse Story: The Adventures of George & Gerald (2007) - Trivia". IMDb.
- ^ "Mouse Story: The Adventures of George and Gerald (2007) - Trivia". IMDb.
- ^ "Sanrio's Show by Rock!! Mobile Rhythm Game Gets TV Anime in 2015". May 21, 2023.
Bibliography
[edit]- Belson, Ken; Bremner, Brian (2004). Hello Kitty: The Remarkable Story of Sanrio and the Billion Dollar Feline Phenomenon.
- Tsuji, Shintaro (2000). Kore ga Sanrio no Himitsu desu これがサンリオの秘密です [These are Sanrio's Secrets] (in Japanese). Fusosha.
Further reading
[edit]- Kinsella, Sharon (1995). "Cuties in Japan". In Skov, Lise; Moeran, Brian (eds.). Women, Media, and Consumption in Japan (PDF). Richmond, Surrey; Honolulu: Curzon; University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 0-8248-1775-3. OCLC 32547498. Women, Media, and Consumption in Japan at Google Books.
- Roach, Mary (December 1999). "Cute Inc". Wired. Vol. 7, no. 12.
External links
[edit]- Official corporate website
- Official website (Japan)
- Official website (Japan) (in Japanese)
- Official website (North America)
- Official website (UK & Europe)
- Official website (Southeast Asia)
Sanrio
View on GrokipediaCompany Overview
Corporate Profile
Sanrio Company, Ltd. is a Japanese entertainment and merchandising company specializing in character branding and social communication products. Founded on August 10, 1960, by Shintaro Tsuji, the company is headquartered at 1-11-1 Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-8603, Japan.[5] As of June 26, 2025, its capital stands at 10.26 billion yen, with Tomokuni Tsuji serving as President and CEO, and Shintaro Tsuji as Honorary Chairman.[5] The company's principal business activities encompass the planning and sale of social communication gifts, greeting cards, and books; the operation of restaurants and theme parks; the production and distribution of movies, music, and video products; copyright licensing; digital content development; educational services; and advertising, marketing, and sports-related initiatives.[5] Sanrio's corporate philosophy, "Minna Nakayoku" (Getting Along Together), guides its mission to create and spread smiles worldwide under the vision "One World, Connecting Smiles."[6] Sanrio operates on a fiscal year from April to March, reporting consolidated net sales of 144.904 billion yen for the fiscal year ending March 2025.[5] As of June 2025, it employs 1,445 full-time staff and 2,580 contract workers, for a total workforce of 4,025; women comprise 44.4% of its management positions as of March 2025.[5][6] The company maintains a global presence in 130 countries and territories, supported by 10 business locations across Europe, the Americas, and Asia, and manages 450 characters as of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, including iconic ones like Hello Kitty.[6]Financial Performance
Sanrio has demonstrated robust financial growth in recent fiscal years, driven by strong demand for its character-based products and licensing, particularly amid the recovery in tourism and international markets following the COVID-19 pandemic. In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 (FY3/2023), the company reported consolidated net sales of 72.6 billion yen, marking a 37.6% increase year-over-year, while operating profit surged 422.0% to 13.2 billion yen, reflecting improved operational efficiencies and higher-margin licensing revenues.[7] Net profit attributable to owners of the parent rose 138.3% to 8.2 billion yen, underscoring the effectiveness of strategic expansions in digital and global merchandising.[7] This momentum accelerated in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 (FY3/2024), with net sales climbing 37.7% to 100.0 billion yen, fueled by Hello Kitty's 50th anniversary celebrations and increased domestic consumer engagement through platforms like Sanrio+. Operating profit more than doubled, rising 103.5% to 27.0 billion yen—the highest in a decade—due to cost controls and a favorable shift toward high-profit licensing deals in Europe and Asia.[8] Net profit grew 115.5% to 17.6 billion yen, supported by broader character portfolio diversification including Kuromi and Cinnamoroll.[8] The fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 (FY3/2025) saw even stronger results, achieving record-high consolidated net sales of 144.9 billion yen, a 44.9% year-over-year increase, propelled by a surge in inbound tourism to Japan and robust overseas licensing growth in regions like China and North America. Operating profit reached an all-time high of 51.8 billion yen, up 92.2%, with an impressive operating margin expansion reflecting optimized supply chains and premium collaborations.[9] Net profit attributable to owners soared 137.3% to 41.7 billion yen, highlighting the scalability of Sanrio's intellectual property ecosystem.[9]| Fiscal Year Ended March 31 | Net Sales (billion yen) | YoY Change (%) | Operating Profit (billion yen) | YoY Change (%) | Net Profit (billion yen) | YoY Change (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 72.6 | +37.6 | 13.2 | +422.0 | 8.2 | +138.3 |
| 2024 | 100.0 | +37.7 | 27.0 | +103.5 | 17.6 | +115.5 |
| 2025 | 144.9 | +44.9 | 51.8 | +92.2 | 41.7 | +137.3 |
History
Founding and Early Development
Sanrio was founded on August 10, 1960, by Shintaro Tsuji as Yamanashi Silk Center Co., Ltd., in Tokyo, Japan, with an initial capital of ¥1,000,000.[12] Tsuji, who had previously worked in trading and sought to create a business centered on social communication and gift-giving traditions, named the company after Yamanashi Prefecture but had no primary intention of engaging in the silk trade; instead, it aimed to foster interpersonal connections through products that promoted friendship and harmony.[13][14] In its early years, the company shifted focus from initial sales of silk products, wine, and regional goods to developing original merchandise, beginning in 1962 with the creation of its first character-based item: a strawberry-patterned handkerchief featuring the Strawberry character, designed to appeal to children and emphasize cuteness in everyday items.[12][13] This marked Sanrio's entry into the character merchandise market, collaborating with illustrators like Mizumori Ado for ceramic figurines and other gifts, while also producing greeting cards and publications to build a culture of sharing and community.[14] By the late 1960s, the company expanded internationally, opening its first overseas store, the Strawberry Shop, in San Francisco in 1969, which introduced character goods to the U.S. market.[13] The early 1970s saw further growth in Sanrio's character-driven business model, with the opening of its first domestic specialty store, Gift Gate, in Tokyo in 1971, and a corporate name change to Sanrio Co., Ltd. in 1973, derived from "San Rio" meaning "Saint River" in Spanish to symbolize peace and connection.[12][13] This period solidified the company's emphasis on kawaii (cute) aesthetics, launching its first in-house publication, Shi to Meruhen (Poetry and Fairytales), and introducing iconic characters like My Melody in 1975 and the debut of Hello Kitty in 1974, designed by Yuko Shimizu as a simple, relatable figure for global appeal.[14][13] These developments laid the foundation for Sanrio's transformation into a leading character licensing enterprise.[12]Expansion and Milestones
Sanrio's expansion accelerated in the 1970s through character licensing and international market entry. In 1976, the company initiated character licensing programs and established Sanrio, Inc. in San Francisco, facilitating its debut in the U.S. market, while also opening its first overseas Gift Gate store.[1] This move was complemented by further global outreach, including the 1978 opening of a Gift Gate in Hong Kong and the 1982 establishment of Sanrio GmbH in Hamburg, Germany, to bolster European operations.[1] These initiatives laid the foundation for Sanrio's worldwide presence, shifting from domestic gift production to a character-driven global brand. Financial and infrastructural milestones marked the 1980s and 1990s. Sanrio listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange Second Section in 1982, upgrading to the First Section in 1984, which provided capital for broader expansion.[1] The company ventured into themed entertainment with the 1990 opening of Sanrio Puroland, an indoor theme park in Tama City, Tokyo, followed by Harmonyland, an outdoor park in Hiji-machi, Oita Prefecture, in 1991.[1] These parks not only diversified revenue streams but also enhanced brand immersion for fans, contributing to sustained growth in merchandise and licensing. The 2000s and 2010s focused on character portfolio enhancement and strategic acquisitions amid international diversification. In 2001, Sanrio introduced Cinnamoroll, expanding its lineup of popular IPs, and in 2011, it acquired the Mr. Men Little Miss characters from Chorion, integrating them into its ecosystem.[1] Key territorial expansions included the 2015 launch of Hello Kitty Park in Huizhou, China, Sanrio's first major theme park outside Japan, which targeted the burgeoning Asian market.[1] Digital and media milestones, such as the 2018 Netflix release of the Aggretsuko series and the introduction of the Hello Kitty Shinkansen train with JR West, further propelled global visibility and licensing opportunities.[1] In the 2020s, Sanrio navigated recovery from pandemic impacts to achieve record financial performance and reinforced global strategies. The company established SANRIO SOUTH EAST ASIA PTE. LTD. in 2020 to drive regional licensing and sales in Southeast Asia.[1] Operating profit surged from 2.1 billion yen in fiscal year ending March 2020 (FY3/2020) to 51.8 billion yen in FY3/2024, reflecting a V-shaped recovery and the success of IP monetization.[15] Sanrio met its 10-year market capitalization goal of 1 trillion yen ahead of schedule in May 2023 and transitioned to the Tokyo Stock Exchange Prime Market in April 2022.[1][15] Looking forward, the mid-term management plan for FY2025–2027 targets 175 billion yen in sales and over 65 billion yen in operating profit, with emphasis on expanding in North America through enhanced licensee partnerships, strengthening content production in mainland China via collaborations like Alifish, and growing Southeast Asian sales to 2.6 billion yen in FY3/2025.[15] These efforts position Sanrio as a global IP platform provider, investing in digital touchpoints, video, games, and location-based entertainment to deepen fan engagement worldwide.[15]Recent Developments
In 2023, Sanrio experienced significant growth in its global licensing business, with retail sales increasing by 34.21% to approximately $5.1 billion USD, driven by heightened demand for character merchandise and collaborations.[16] This momentum continued into late 2023 with the announcement of extensive celebrations for Hello Kitty's 50th anniversary, set to commence in 2024, including new digital initiatives such as an augmented reality app and short animations on TikTok. Throughout 2024, Sanrio marked Hello Kitty's milestone with global promotions, theme park events, and limited-edition products, boosting brand engagement and merchandise sales. In the final quarter of the year, the company appointed Italian firm Giochi Preziosi as its master toy licensee for Europe, aiming to expand toy distribution and product lines across the region.[17] This partnership built on Sanrio's strategy to strengthen international licensing amid rising popularity of characters like My Melody and Kuromi, whose anniversaries—50th and 20th, respectively—were highlighted for 2025 celebrations.[17] The fiscal year ending March 2025 saw Sanrio achieve record financial performance, with consolidated net sales reaching 144.9 billion yen, a 45% increase year-over-year, attributed to robust licensing revenue and overseas expansion. On May 13, 2025, the company updated its medium-term management plan and introduced a 10-year vision titled "Lighting the World with Smiles," targeting sustained operating profit growth and a market capitalization of 5 trillion yen. The 2025 Sanrio Character Grand Prix rankings, announced on June 29, elevated Pompompurin to the top spot, surpassing Cinnamoroll, reflecting shifting fan preferences through online voting.[18] In October 2025, Sanrio released its Integrated Report for the year, emphasizing sustainability efforts alongside an educational video for children on corporate responsibility. Later that month, on October 29, Warner Bros. Pictures announced a July 21, 2028, release for an animated feature film titled Sanrio's Hello Kitty, produced by New Line Cinema and Warner Bros. Pictures Animation, marking the character's major Hollywood debut. Sanrio officially confirmed the global distribution on November 3, 2025. Early November financial updates for the first half of fiscal year 2026 (April-September 2025) reported net sales of 87.6 billion yen, up 39.6% year-over-year, with operating profit rising 66.1%, prompting an upward revision in annual forecasts and increased dividends.[19][20]Global Operations
Japanese Facilities
Sanrio's headquarters is located in the Gate City Osaki complex in Shinagawa, Tokyo, serving as the central hub for its corporate operations, design, and management activities.[5] The facility, at 1-11-1 Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-8603, supports the company's global strategy, including character development and licensing oversight.[5] A key attraction under Sanrio's operations is Sanrio Puroland, an indoor theme park in Tama City, Tokyo, dedicated to its characters and opened in 1990. Located at 1-31 Ochiai, Tama-shi, Tokyo 206-8588, the park features rides, shows, and interactive experiences centered on Hello Kitty and friends, drawing millions of visitors annually as a major entertainment venue. It is managed by subsidiary Sanrio Entertainment Co., Ltd., which handles park operations and events.[5] Sanrio operates Harmonyland, an outdoor theme park in Hiji-machi, Oita Prefecture, emphasizing nature-integrated attractions with characters like My Melody. Situated at 5933 Oaza Fujiwara, Hiji-machi, Hayami-gun, Oita 879-1502, the park opened in 1991 and offers seasonal events and parades. Harmonyland is run through a partnership with Harmonyland Co., Ltd., focusing on regional tourism.[1] Sanrio maintains specialized subsidiaries for production and technology. Kokoro Co., Ltd., based at 4-9-1 Shinmeidai, Hamura-shi, Tokyo 205-8556, specializes in animatronics and robotics, creating character-based figures for parks and events.[21] Other subsidiaries, such as Sanrio Enterprise Co., Ltd., support enterprise functions from Tokyo-area bases.[5] To facilitate distribution across western Japan, Sanrio operates the Kansai Branch Distribution Center, aiding supply chain for merchandise and licensed products in the region.[5] These facilities collectively enable Sanrio's domestic emphasis on character-driven entertainment and commerce.International Presence
Sanrio's international presence began in the 1970s with the establishment of its first overseas subsidiary, Sanrio Film Corporation of America in Los Angeles in 1974, which was later merged into Sanrio, Inc. in 1989.[1] This marked the start of expansion into North America, followed by the opening of the first overseas Gift Gate store in San Jose in 1976 and the first Asian store outside Japan in Hong Kong in 1978.[1] By the 1980s, Sanrio entered Europe with Sanrio GmbH in Hamburg in 1982 and South America with Sanrio do Brasil in 1986, reflecting a strategic push to license characters like Hello Kitty globally.[1] Further milestones include the founding of subsidiaries in Taiwan (1992), South Korea (1998), and China (2003 with Sanrio Shanghai International Trade Co., Ltd.), alongside the opening of the first directly managed store in Europe in 2002 and the first in Russia in 2003.[1] Today, Sanrio operates subsidiaries in key regions, including Sanrio, Inc. in the United States, Sanrio GmbH in Germany, Sanrio do Brasil Comercio e Representacoes Ltda. in Brazil, Sanrio (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd., Sanrio Korea Co., Ltd., Sanrio Taiwan Co., Ltd., Sanrio Shanghai International Trade Co., Ltd., Sanrio Chile SpA, Sanrio Far East (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., SANRIO SOUTHEAST ASIA PTE. LTD. in Singapore, and recent additions such as Mister Men Ltd. and THOIP for expanded IP management.[5] These entities support operations across North America, South America, Europe, and Asia, with a total of 10 business locations facilitating global marketing and management.[6] Sanrio's characters and products reach 130 countries and territories through licensing agreements and partnerships with influential overseas entities, emphasizing a unified information system and diversity principles to drive expansion.[6] Overseas operations have shown robust growth, particularly in licensing, which forms a core of Sanrio's international business model. In the first quarter of fiscal year ending March 2026, North American net sales rose 23.1% year-on-year to ¥5.7 billion, driven by collaborations in toys, apparel, and digital media with major brands and sports leagues.[10] Asia led with ¥10.0 billion in net sales, up 84.8% year-on-year, fueled by strong performance in China for toys and apparel, alongside growth in Taiwan and Southeast Asia despite challenges in South Korea.[10] Europe saw net sales increase 199.8% to ¥2.1 billion, boosted by apparel and toy licensing, while Latin America reported ¥0.6 billion in sales, up 89.2%, with gains in Mexico, Brazil, Chile, and Peru across apparel, beauty, and stationery.[10] For the first half of FY2026 (as of November 6, 2025), overseas growth continued with North America at ¥10.9 billion (+12.0% YoY), Asia (excluding Japan) at ¥18.6 billion (+60.6% YoY), Europe at ¥4.5 billion (+131.6% YoY), and Latin America at ¥1.2 billion (+79.6% YoY).[10][22] Notable ventures include the 2015 opening of Hello Kitty Park in China's Zhejiang Province and a 2020 joint venture in Southeast Asia, underscoring Sanrio's focus on experiential attractions and regional adaptation.[1] This international footprint contributed significantly to overall profitability, with overseas licensing playing a pivotal role in record-high operating profits for fiscal year 2025.[23]Intellectual Properties
Iconic Characters
Sanrio's iconic characters are beloved figures that have defined the company's kawaii culture, often featuring anthropomorphic animals or whimsical humans with endearing personalities and simple designs. These characters, many introduced in the 1970s and 1980s, emphasize themes of friendship, adventure, and everyday joys, contributing to Sanrio's global appeal through merchandise, media, and collaborations. While Sanrio has developed over 450 characters since its founding, a select few stand out for their enduring popularity and cultural impact, as evidenced by annual fan-voted rankings and merchandise sales.[24] Hello Kitty, Sanrio's flagship character, debuted in 1974 as a young British girl depicted as an anthropomorphic cat with a signature red bow and no mouth, allowing fans to project emotions onto her. Born on November 1 in the suburbs of London, she lives with her parents and twin sister Mimmy, who shares her love for making friends; her hobbies include baking cookies and crafting. Hello Kitty has topped Sanrio's annual character rankings multiple times historically and remains a top-10 staple, symbolizing innocence and universality with over 50 years of merchandise dominance.[25][26][27] My Melody, introduced in 1975 as a gentle rabbit inspired by Little Red Riding Hood, hails from the enchanted forest of Mariland and is known for her pink hood and optimistic spirit. She enjoys baking cookies with her mother and favors almond pound cake as her treat of choice, often using her kindness to resolve conflicts with her rival Kuromi. Ranking consistently in the top 10 of Sanrio's character polls, My Melody represents sweetness and forgiveness, with her storylines emphasizing family bonds and creativity.[28][29][24] Keroppi, a cheerful frog created in 1988, resides in a large house on the edge of vibrant Donut Pond with his brother, sister, and parents, embodying an adventurous and empathetic nature. With his big eyes, V-shaped smile, and pink cheeks, Keroppi loves swimming, exploring, and helping friends, often leading group activities in his pond community. His energetic personality has secured him a loyal following, frequently placing in the upper ranks of fan rankings for his relatable, outdoorsy charm.[30][31][32] Badtz-Maru, debuting in 1993 as a spiky-haired penguin from Gorgeoustown, brings a mischievous edge to Sanrio's lineup as a first-grader who lives with his pinball-enthusiast father and doting mother. Despite his "bad boy" attitude—complete with X-mark motifs symbolizing rebellion—he harbors a soft spot for friends and dreams of world domination in a playful way. Badtz-Maru's cool, irreverent vibe appeals to older fans, contributing to his steady presence in merchandise and rankings.[33] More recent icons like Pompompurin, a laid-back golden retriever launched in 1996, wear a signature brown beret and prioritize naps, walks, and pudding over excitement, often saying "let's go out!" to rally friends. He claimed the top spot in the 2025 Sanrio Character Ranking with over 5.6 million votes, highlighting his appeal as a relaxed companion in a fast-paced world.[34][24] Cinnamoroll, introduced in 2001 as a fluffy white puppy with cinnamon-roll ears and tail, serves as the mascot of Cafe Cinnamon in Sucre Town, where his shy yet friendly demeanor leads him to nap on laps and fly by flapping his long ears. Ranking second in 2025 with more than 5.4 million votes, Cinnamoroll's dreamy, aerial adventures underscore Sanrio's evolution toward softer, fantastical elements.[35][24] Kuromi, My Melody's rival since her 2005 debut, is a tomboyish white rabbit in a black jester's hat adorned with a pink skull, blending punk aesthetics with a hidden girly side—she adores diary entries and romance novels. Living as a free spirit in Mariland, Kuromi's cheeky pranks and underlying loyalty have propelled her to fourth place in the 2025 rankings, representing Sanrio's embrace of edgier, multifaceted personalities.[36][24]Character Management and Rankings
Sanrio's character management involves a structured approach to creation, development, and portfolio diversification, emphasizing kawaii aesthetics and fan engagement to sustain long-term appeal. Since the company's rebranding in 1973, it has produced over 450 characters, with designers focusing on simple, abstract designs that evoke emotional connections without overt narratives. For instance, Hello Kitty, created by Yuko Shimizu in 1974, exemplifies this with her mouthless face and red bow, allowing broad interpretation and adaptability across products. Currently, Sanrio releases 5 to 10 new characters annually through in-house teams, though most achieve only short-term popularity before fading, while core icons like My Melody and Keroppi endure through gradual evolutions that preserve essential traits.[14][2] In recent years, management strategies have shifted toward reducing over-reliance on Hello Kitty, which once accounted for 75% of sales but now represents about 35% as of the fiscal year ending March 2025, with further diversification in North America from 99% in 2013 to about 60% as of 2025.[37][38] Since the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, Sanrio has developed multiple character brands to stabilize revenue, contributing to a V-shaped recovery and record operating profits by March 31, 2025. Fan input is integrated early via a dedicated app during development, ensuring characters resonate with global audiences, while collaborations and media expansions—such as films and games—enhance IP attributes. Tools like AI are employed to combat counterfeits, and the portfolio is expanded into new demographics, including boys and emerging markets like the Middle East and India. As of November 2025, Sanrio continues to release new characters and expand IPs through digital and sustainable initiatives.[39][14][2] The Sanrio Character Ranking, an annual fan-voted poll launched in 1986, serves as a key mechanism for assessing and influencing character popularity, now in its 40th edition as of 2025. Conducted online and in stores from April to May, it garners tens of millions of votes—63,160,696 in 2025—across approximately 90 characters, with results announced in June to guide promotions and product prioritization. Historically, Hello Kitty has topped the ranking 15 times, underscoring her enduring status, though recent shifts highlight rising stars. The 2025 results, for example, crowned Pompompurin first with 5,613,659 votes, followed by Cinnamoroll (5,427,983 votes) and Pochacco (3,935,101 votes), with Hello Kitty placing fifth.[24][27] This ranking directly informs business strategy by quantifying demand, enabling targeted marketing events that boost engagement and sales in licensing and merchandise. High-ranking characters receive amplified visibility through limited-edition goods, collaborations, and media tie-ins, while lower performers may see reduced focus, helping Sanrio allocate resources efficiently across its IP ecosystem.[40]| Rank | Character | Votes (2025) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pompompurin | 5,613,659 |
| 2 | Cinnamoroll | 5,427,983 |
| 3 | Pochacco | 3,935,101 |
| 4 | Kuromi | 3,652,492 |
| 5 | Hello Kitty | 3,349,642 |
