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Sirjan (Persian: سيرجان; [siːɾˈdʒɒːn])[a] is a city in the Central District of Sirjan County, Kerman province, in southern Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[4] The city is 960 km (600 mi) from the Iranian capital of Tehran, and 175 km (109 mi) from the provincial capital of Kerman. It is known for its pistachios, Kilim, and a windcatcher locally known as Bādgir-e Chopoqi (calumet louver).[citation needed]

Key Information

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Sirjan (elevation: 1,739.4 m (5,707 ft), 1985-2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 21.0
(69.8) 		24.6
(76.3) 		30.6
(87.1) 		33.0
(91.4) 		37.0
(98.6) 		40.5
(104.9) 		42.0
(107.6) 		40.4
(104.7) 		38.0
(100.4) 		32.5
(90.5) 		27.0
(80.6) 		25.6
(78.1) 		42.0
(107.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.6
(42.1) 		8.2
(46.8) 		12.0
(53.6) 		17.0
(62.6) 		22.1
(71.8) 		26.8
(80.2) 		29.0
(84.2) 		27.2
(81.0) 		23.5
(74.3) 		17.8
(64.0) 		11.6
(52.9) 		7.3
(45.1) 		17.3
(63.2)
Record low °C (°F) −14.0
(6.8) 		−13.0
(8.6) 		−7.4
(18.7) 		0.0
(32.0) 		4.6
(40.3) 		10.0
(50.0) 		11.2
(52.2) 		9.6
(49.3) 		6.0
(42.8) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		−8.4
(16.9) 		−12.0
(10.4) 		−14.0
(6.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 29.2
(1.15) 		21.1
(0.83) 		27.6
(1.09) 		11.7
(0.46) 		5.2
(0.20) 		0.6
(0.02) 		1.6
(0.06) 		0.5
(0.02) 		0.4
(0.02) 		2.0
(0.08) 		5.9
(0.23) 		27.5
(1.08) 		133.3
(5.24)
Average snowy days 0.8 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 1.1
Average relative humidity (%) 54 47 43 36 27 22 24 24 25 31 39 51 35
Mean monthly sunshine hours 226.9 225.5 247.7 271.5 331.2 347.0 333.0 339.3 317.3 306.3 250.7 218.9 3,415.3
Source: Iran Meteorological Organization[5][6][7][8][9][10]


Demographics

[edit]

Population

[edit]

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 167,014 in 40,605 households.[11] The following census in 2011 counted 185,623 people in 51,088 households.[12] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 199,704 people in 58,756 households.[2]

Universities and higher education centers

[edit]

Payam Noor University Sirjan

[edit]

Source:[13]

University of Technology, Sirjan

[edit]

Sirjan University of Technology is a non-profit public higher education institution that was established in 1992. This university, which was established by the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of Iran, offers courses and programs that lead to obtaining official degrees from higher education. Sirjan University of Technology also provides many university and non-university facilities and services including library and administrative services to students.[14]

Choboghi wind-catcher (Badgir)

Islamic Azad University, Sirjan

[edit]

Source:[15]

Chopoqi Windcatcher

[edit]
Tomb of Shah Firooz

The Chopoqi Windcatcher is a Pahlavi era windcatcher located in Sirjan, Kerman province, Iran.[16][17]

Tomb of Mire Zobeyr

[edit]

The Tomb of Mire Zobeyr is an Ilkhanid tomb located in Sirjan County.[18][19]

Tomb of Shah Firooz

[edit]

The Tomb of Shah Firooz is a ninth century AH tomb located in Sirjan County.[20][21]

Sang Castle

[edit]
Main article: Sang Castle

Sang Castle is a historic castle dating back to the Sasanian era located in Sirjan County.[22][23]

[edit]
  • Sang Castle
    Sang Castle
  • Chopoqi Windcatcher
    Chopoqi Windcatcher
  • Tomb of Shah Firooz
    Tomb of Shah Firooz
  • Heavy rain in sirjan
    Heavy rain in sirjan
  • The Stone Garden in Sirjan
    The Stone Garden in Sirjan
  • Sirjan county
    Sirjan county

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Sirjan

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Sirjan is a historic in the Central District of Sirjan County, , in , serving as the county's capital and a major industrial hub known for its ancient roots and rich mineral resources. Located at approximately 29°27′N 55°41′E, it lies on a vast plain in the Sirjan basin spanning 18,481 square kilometers between the Zagros mountain ranges, about 180 kilometers southwest of and 960 kilometers southeast of . With a of 199,704 in the as of the —estimated at 207,645 as of 2025—the features a characterized by cold, dry winters and mild summers, with average annual rainfall of about 155 millimeters. The city's history dates back to the Neolithic era around 7000 BCE, with evidence of early settlements including pottery shards, evolving into a key agricultural and trade center during the and later the Sasanian period, when it was established as a significant . Originally known as Shirgan and serving as the capital of until 935 CE, Sirjan was a vital stop on the , fostering cultural and economic exchanges before and after the Islamic era. It experienced periods of prosperity under dynasties like the Seljuks, Safavids—who boosted textile and production—and Qajars, who invested in , though it faced decline after the 14th-century invasions by . Resettled in its current location around the late , Sirjan has preserved numerous historical sites, including the , the of Firuz, the of Mir-Zobeir, and the ancient Bibidan Hill. In modern times, Sirjan has emerged as an economic powerhouse, designated a in 1993 and elevated to special governorship status in 2007, driven primarily by and industry. The Golgohar Iron Ore Mine, one of the world's largest deposits, anchors the local economy alongside , , stone, and , supporting steel production and exports through the nearby port of . , particularly cultivation, remains vital, while handicrafts such as Shirikipich- weaving have earned the city recognition as a World City of Kilim by the World Crafts Council. Notable natural features include the Bagh-e Sangi (a petrified forest-like stone garden) and an expansive , underscoring Sirjan's blend of industrial growth and .

Geography

Location and topography

Sirjan is situated at coordinates 29°26′31″N 55°41′09″E and lies at an of 1,739 meters above . As the capital of Sirjan County in in , the city occupies a strategic position approximately 960 km southeast of and 175 km southwest of . The topography of Sirjan features a semi-arid plain nestled at the foothills of the , flanked by mountain ranges to the east and west, and in close proximity to the expansive desert. This geographic setting has historically positioned the city as a key along the , facilitating commerce and cultural exchange that shaped its urban layout and growth. Due to its advantageous location for defense and , Sirjan experienced three relocations during ancient and Islamic periods, with sites including Qal'eh Kafar, Qal'eh Sang, Bagh-e Bamid, and the modern Saeedabad. This central positioning continues to support modern industrial development in the region.

Climate

Sirjan experiences a , classified under the Köppen system as BSk (cold ). This classification reflects the region's moderate temperatures relative to hotter arid zones, influenced by its of around 1,739 meters, which helps temper seasonal extremes. The average annual temperature stands at 17.3°C, derived from meteorological observations spanning 1985 to 2010. Seasonal variations are pronounced, with hot summers where daytime highs frequently exceed 35°C and can reach up to 40°C in , contrasting with mild winters featuring nighttime lows around 0°C in . Annual totals approximately 133.3 mm, predominantly falling between and during the wetter winter period, while summers remain largely dry. These patterns underscore the that defines daily life, limiting availability. The scant rainfall supports cultivation primarily through ancient systems—underground aqueducts that channel groundwater to orchards—enabling agriculture in an otherwise water-scarce environment. Occasional dust storms, sourced from adjacent deserts like the , disrupt these activities by depositing fine particles on crops, potentially reducing yields, and exacerbate health concerns such as respiratory ailments among the population. Sirjan records among the highest incidences of such events in , with both local and regional origins contributing to their frequency. Climate records indicate stable patterns through 2025, with no major shifts in or trends deviating from long-term averages, maintaining the semi-arid character observed over decades.

History

Ancient and pre-Islamic periods

Archaeological evidence indicates early human settlements in the Sirjan region dating back to the era around 7000 BCE, with findings such as pottery shards suggesting initial habitation. During the (550–330 BCE), Sirjan evolved into a key agricultural and trade center. The city's prominence increased in the (224–651 CE), where it served as a strategic outpost and the chief town of . The city's name derives from the ancient Persian term "Sirgan" or "Shirgan," reflecting its historical significance as a locale in . A prominent feature of Sirjan's pre-Islamic era is Qal'eh Sang (Sang Castle), a Sasanian fortress located approximately 7 km southeast of the modern city, constructed primarily from stone and adobe for defensive purposes. This structure controlled key trade passages, functioning as a fortified on branches of the that connected the hinterland to the and beyond to . Its location at the intersection of these routes facilitated the exchange of goods, contributing to regional economic vitality. Early urbanization in Sirjan manifested through citadel-like fortifications and structured settlements, underscoring its evolution from a defensive enclave to a burgeoning hub under Sasanian administration. As part of the Zoroastrian-dominated Sasanian realm, the area likely incorporated religious practices central to the empire, influencing local governance and community life. Archaeological excavations at sites like Qal'eh Sang have uncovered Sasanian-era and structural remnants, including fragments indicative of daily use and craftsmanship, highlighting continuity into early Islamic transitions. Fortifications such as thick walls and watchtowers at Sang Castle provided security against incursions, while qanats—ancient underground aqueducts—enabled water management essential for sustaining and population in the arid landscape. These systems, developed extensively during the Sasanian period, transported over long distances to support settlement expansion.

Islamic and modern eras

Following the Arab conquest in the 7th century CE, Sirjan continued as a vital urban center in , remaining active through the 10th century CE (1st–4th AH/634–10th century), where it functioned as one of five key districts and a hub for regional trade routes linking the to central . By the 13th–14th centuries CE (7th–8th AH), the city regained prominence under the rule of local Qarakhtaian states, alongside the Muzaffarids, emerging as one of Kerman's most important settlements with fortified structures to support its defensive and economic roles. In the medieval era, particularly during Ilkhanid and post-Mongol governance from the 12th–15th centuries CE (6th–9th AH), Sirjan exhibited social and economic vitality, as indicated by archaeological evidence of diverse ceramics like Zarin Fahm and Sultanabad wares that reflect extensive networks. Cultural continuity is marked by structures such as the Tomb of Mire Zobeyr, dating to the 14th century CE, and the Tomb of Shah Firooz from the 13th–14th centuries CE, underscoring the city's enduring religious and architectural heritage amid dynastic shifts. Throughout this Islamic history, Sirjan was relocated three times for strategic purposes—to Qal'eh Kafar, Qal'eh Sang, Bagh-e Bamid, and Saeedabad—allowing adaptation to evolving and needs while maintaining its provincial significance. The modern period began with Sirjan's urbanization under the in the 20th century, aligning with 's national modernization initiatives that promoted and population shifts from rural areas. Post-1979, following the establishment of the , the city underwent further expansion, integrating into broader provincial development while preserving its historical role. Politically, administrative reforms in the 1930s under restructured Iran's provinces from eight to fifteen, with subdivisions into counties and districts, solidifying Sirjan's place within as part of centralized governance. Since the 1990s, political stability under the has supported urban growth, though challenges like regional integration have shaped its trajectory.

Demographics

Population statistics

According to the national population and housing conducted by Iran's Statistical Centre of Iran, the of Sirjan stood at 199,704 residents in 58,756 households. Recent estimates project the city's to have grown to approximately 207,645 by 2025, reflecting continued demographic expansion in line with trends. The city's has exhibited consistent growth over recent decades, rising from 135,024 in the 1996 to 170,916 in 2006, 185,623 in 2011, and 199,704 in , with an average annual growth rate of around 2.1% primarily due to inward migration and industrial development. Sirjan County, encompassing the and surrounding rural areas, recorded a total of 324,103 in the 2016 census, with 76% of residents classified as urban, largely concentrated in Sirjan itself. This urban-rural distribution underscores the city's role as the primary in the . The urban core maintains a of roughly 150 persons per square kilometer, bolstered by influxes tied to economic zones.

Ethnic composition and languages

The population of Sirjan is predominantly ethnic Persian, reflecting the broader demographic patterns of Kerman Province where Persians form the majority. Settled urban and rural communities primarily identify with this group, engaging in a mix of agriculture, industry, and trade, which characterizes the social fabric of the city and its surrounding areas. A notable minority consists of nomadic and semi-nomadic tribes, comprising less than 0.5% of the local population, who maintain traditional lifestyles centered on animal husbandry and seasonal migrations between mountainous summer pastures and warmer winter lowlands. The Bočāqči tribe, a Turkic group with around 500 families historically documented, exemplifies this segment; organized into clans such as the Qarā Saʿīdlū and Arašlū, they traditionally occupy winter quarters near ʿAyn-al-Baqar and summer areas in Balvard and Čahārgonbad, contributing to the region's ethnic diversity through their pastoral economy. Linguistically, Persian (Farsi) is the dominant language spoken by the majority of residents in daily life, administration, and education. Among nomadic groups, particularly the Bočāqči and other Turkic-influenced tribes, Turkish (Turki) dialects are used, though Persian serves as a across communities. Religiously, the overwhelming majority of Sirjan's inhabitants adhere to Twelver , consistent with national patterns where 90-95% of Muslims are Shia. Historical Zoroastrian influences persist in as a small minority, evident in cultural remnants, though their presence in Sirjan specifically is minimal.

Economy

Agriculture and traditional sectors

Agriculture in Sirjan centers on cultivation, which dominates rural areas and spans approximately 60,000 hectares, making the region one of 's primary producers. This crop contributes around 40% to the income of rural households, providing seasonal employment and supporting local capital circulation while accounting for about 5% of Iran's overall agricultural production value. from Sirjan form a major , representing a substantial portion of national output— alone holds 70% of Iran's pistachio cultivation area—and bolstering non-oil revenues. Complementary crops such as grains ( and ) and fruits (including pomegranates and dates) are also grown, relying on traditional to sustain yields in the arid landscape. Handicrafts, particularly kilim weaving and rug production, represent a longstanding traditional sector driven by women's labor, with around 14,000 —predominantly female—engaged in the craft from a young age. These flat-woven textiles feature geometric and nature-inspired patterns influenced by Turkish and Kurdish nomadic styles, using wool dyed with natural pigments like for vivid colors and motifs such as birds, goats, and floral elements. Produced on simple looms and often assembled from panels, Sirjan s serve as non-oil exports for items like wall hangings and bags, with women's cooperatives fostering community-based production and economic empowerment. Water scarcity poses a key challenge to these sectors, exacerbated by low rainfall, high , and depletion exceeding 50 cm annually in , though ancient systems—underground tunnels channeling water via gravity—mitigate shortages for orchards, grain fields, and fruit groves. Seasonal nomadism further bolsters the rural by enabling adaptive and amid environmental constraints. exports from these traditional activities complement Sirjan's emerging industrial outputs, enhancing overall economic resilience.

Industry and Special Economic Zone

The Sirjan Special Economic Zone (SSEZ), established in 1993 as Iran's first protected special economic zone, operates under Note 20 of the First Five-Year Development Plan and Clause D of Note 25 of the Second Plan, providing incentives such as customs exemptions to attract investment. Spanning approximately 1,370 hectares near the Tehran-Bandar Abbas transit road and adjacent to Sirjan International Airport, the zone prioritizes mining, steel production, and logistics to foster industrial growth and export-oriented activities. Key industries in the SSEZ include steel manufacturing, led by the Sirjan Iranian Steel Company (SISCO), which focuses on the full steel production chain from extraction to semi-finished products, aiming to enhance value addition in the sector. Mining operations are dominated by the Gol Gohar Mining and Industrial Company, a major producer established in 1991, which handled approximately 28.82% of the zone's import shipments from August 2024 to July 2025, underscoring its role in supplying raw materials for downstream industries. initiatives within the zone have seen advancements, including the inauguration of industrial megaprojects in February 2025 that support expanded production capacities. The SSEZ hosts over 50 active industrial units, contributing to economic diversification through non-oil exports and modern like cold storage facilities and plants. It has generated around 3,000 direct jobs as of early 2025, exceeding annual employment targets and supporting regional development in . Positioned along critical transport corridors, the zone serves as a logistical hub facilitating trade links between the , , and via connections to Port. Recent developments include the completion of a major gas in 2025, enhancing supply for industrial operations and boosting potential through integrated megaprojects. However, labor challenges persist, as evidenced by a rally of over 300 workers at the Sirjan Company in 2025 protesting low wages and demanding better compensation.

Infrastructure

Transportation networks

Sirjan is connected to major Iranian cities and routes through a network of air, rail, and road infrastructure, supporting both passenger travel and freight movement. The city's strategic location in facilitates efficient logistics, particularly for mineral exports from nearby industrial sites. Air transportation in Sirjan is primarily handled by Sirjan Airport (IATA: SYJ, ICAO: OIKY), a public facility operated by the Iran Airports Company. The airport offers direct non-stop flights to Tehran Mehrabad International Airport (THR) operated by , with services running twice weekly. Historically, flights were limited to specific days like Sundays and Tuesdays, but schedules have seen gradual expansion to meet regional demand. While detailed recent passenger statistics are limited, the airport serves as a key hub for local business and tourism, handling domestic traffic that underscores its role in connecting Sirjan to the capital. Rail connectivity is provided by the national railway system, with the main line passing directly through Sirjan and linking it to and the Persian Gulf port of . Trains on the - route, which covers approximately 1,500 kilometers, stop at Sirjan, with journey times from Sirjan to typically ranging from 12 to 14 hours and to around 6 to 8 hours, depending on the service. These connections are operated by entities like Raja Rail Transportation Co., enabling reliable passenger services and , including exports vital to the region's sector. Road networks form the backbone of Sirjan's ground transportation, with well-maintained highways integrating the city into Iran's broader system. The primary route to , approximately 182 kilometers away, takes about 1.5 to 2 hours by car via Road 84. Travel to , roughly 1,000 kilometers north, requires 10 to 12 hours along Road 71, passing through cities like . Bus services from Sirjan's terminal link to major destinations, including frequent departures to , , and , operated by companies such as Seiro Safar, offering affordable VIP and standard options for intercity travel. Multimodal transportation enhances Sirjan's logistics capabilities, particularly for industrial goods like iron ore pellets from the nearby Gol Gohar mining complex. These pellets are transported via a combination of rail from Gol Gohar stations to Sirjan and then by road or further rail to ports such as Shahid Rajaee or , with companies like Sina Rail Pars and Mapna Multimodal Transportation handling shipments of up to 50,000 tons per project. The Sirjan (SSEZ) bolsters this network by providing direct access to rail, road, and facilities, positioning the area as a logistical hub for national and international trade routes to the , , and beyond. This infrastructure supports key economic activities, such as industrial shipments that drive regional exports.

Education and universities

Sirjan's higher education landscape is anchored by three key institutions that support the city's role as an industrial hub in . The Sirjan branch operates as part of Iran's national distance-learning network, emphasizing flexible access to education in and basic sciences. Established within the broader system in 1988, this branch caters to working professionals and remote learners through self-study modules and periodic exams, fostering broader community engagement in fields like , , and natural sciences. The Sirjan University of Technology, founded in 1992, stands as a public institution dedicated to technical education, with an initial focus on that expanded to include civil, computer, chemical, electrical power, and engineering by the early 2010s. Enrolling approximately 2,600 students as of 2023, it plays a pivotal role in training engineers for Sirjan's and sectors, contributing to local industrialization through specialized curricula aligned with regional economic needs. No significant structural changes have occurred since 2020. Complementing these, the Sirjan branch, a private entity under the national Islamic Azad University system, offers diverse programs with a strong emphasis on , , and engineering disciplines, including . This branch supports workforce development by integrating practical training in areas like smart mining systems, directly addressing the demands of Sirjan's and resource extraction industries. Collectively, these universities underpin socioeconomic advancement in the region.

Culture and landmarks

Handicrafts and traditions

Sirjan is renowned for its weaving, a traditional flat-woven that dates back centuries and is deeply rooted in the region's nomadic heritage. Produced primarily by Afshar tribal women using freestyle techniques, these kilims feature abstract patterns and vivid colors inspired by tribal motifs, often incorporating influences from Turkish and Kurdish weaving methods. With approximately 14,000 weavers—most of them women who begin the craft in childhood—this industry plays a vital economic role, fostering women's and preserving . The nomadic traditions of Sirjan's Afshar tribes emphasize communal and seasonal customs, particularly the harvest, which begins in late and lasts until late . This labor-intensive event involves entire families—children climbing trees, women gathering clusters, and men transporting loads—symbolizing joy and community bonding in local culture, with workers often receiving extra pistachios as payment. As a predominantly Shia Muslim area, Sirjan observes key religious traditions, including processions during , where participants engage in mourning rituals such as chest-beating and dramatic reenactments to commemorate Hussein's martyrdom. Local cuisine reflects Sirjan's arid landscape and agricultural bounty, featuring hearty dishes made with lamb and fresh ingredients. Common preparations include grilled lamb kebabs marinated in herbs and spices, and abgoosht, a thick of lamb, chickpeas, and simmered for hours. Pistachios, a staple crop, appear in traditional remedies like postpartum nut mixtures and yogurt blends, while their skins are used for pickles and jams. thrives in the region's traditional homes, often cooled by ancient windcatchers; strong black chai is served with and sweets like , facilitating social gatherings in these naturally ventilated spaces. Preservation efforts for Sirjan's handicrafts focus on sustaining weaving as an , with the city designated a World Craft City by the World Crafts Council. Initiatives include the establishment of large handicrafts markets to promote artisan products and support women's cooperatives, enhancing economic viability amid modernization. The region's ancient systems, part of Iran's UNESCO-listed Persian Qanat heritage, indirectly bolster these crafts by sustaining water for production and rural livelihoods in this arid zone.

Historical and natural sites

Sirjan boasts several historical sites that reflect its architectural heritage from various eras, including innovative ventilation structures and ancient defensive fortifications. The Chopoghi , constructed during the Pahlavi period in the early , stands as a distinctive example of adaptive architecture in the region. Built for the residence of Dr. Seyyed Ali Asghar Razavi, the first physician in Sirjan County, it was designed by architect Seyyed Mohammad Shojaei and draws inspiration from ship funnels. This pipe-shaped , made of with hexagonal geometric brick decorations, features multiple tubular openings on four sides to channel cool air into indoor spaces through knee-bent pipes, providing natural ventilation in the arid . Among the notable tombs in Sirjan County are the of Mir Zubair and the Tomb of Firouz, both showcasing medieval . The of Mir Zubair, located in Sharifabad village, dates to the Ilkhanid period with remnants of plaster work from 751 AH (1350 CE), and it may have originated as a pre-Islamic or early Islamic temple. Its decorative elements include intricate work on the , inscriptions, arcades, and geometric patterns, highlighting the artistic techniques of the era. In contrast, the Tomb of Firouz, situated 14 kilometers southeast of Sirjan on a high hill, is a simple brick from the 9th century AH (15th century CE), believed to house a local , though the identity of the buried individual remains uncertain due to lack of inscriptions. The structure features a square plan with a conical dome, south-facing entrance arch, and minimal interior platform, offering panoramic views of the surrounding plains. The Sang Castle, or Qaleh Sang, represents Sirjan's pre-Islamic defensive legacy from the (224–651 CE). Located 7 kilometers southeast of the city, this rock castle consists of robust stone walls designed for in the arid landscape, serving as a that underscores the prowess of the period. Natural and engineered features further enhance Sirjan's attractions, including the Bagh-e Sangi and ancient . Bagh-e Sangi, known as Darvish Khan's Stone Garden, is a man-made desert installation 40 kilometers east of Sirjan in Bulurd Village, created starting in 1961 by hearing-impaired landowner Darvish Khan Esfandiyarpour as a form of against land reforms. It comprises hundreds of dead trees adorned with suspended stones—some exceeding 20 pounds—using wires and ropes, spanning about 1,000 square meters and drawing around 6,000 visitors annually; Esfandiyarpour is buried on the site. Complementing this are Sirjan's ancient , underground aqueducts integral to the broader Persian Qanat system recognized by as a in 2016 for their sustainable water management over millennia. These horizontal tunnels, tapping aquifers to irrigate arid lands, exemplify communal from ancient Iran, with examples in supporting local agriculture and settlements.

Notable people

  • Eshaq Jahangiri (born 21 January 1958) is an Iranian politician who served as the sixth first vice president of Iran from 2017 to 2021.
  • Tahereh Saffarzadeh (1936–2008) was an Iranian poet, writer, translator, and academic known for her works in English and .
  • Mohammad Karamudini (born 1955) is an Iranian science writer, , and educator, recognized for authoring textbooks and coordinating the for .
  • Hamid Mirzadeh (born 29 November 1950) is an Iranian academic and politician who served as the third president of the from 2013 to 2017.
  • Abbas Pourkhosravani (born 30 January 1987) is a retired Iranian footballer who played as a forward, primarily for clubs in the .

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  38. https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bocaqci-a-turkic-tribe-of-sirjan-in-kerman-province
  39. https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/iran
  40. https://oiccpress.com/ijamad/article/download/6740/3431/4451
  41. https://georesearch.ir/article-1-54-en.html
  42. https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/agriculture-in-iran
  43. http://ir-handicrafts.ir/blog/en/Sirjan
  44. https://www.little-persia.com/pages/sirjan-rug-history-origin-guide
  45. https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/472109/Sirjan-kilims-renowned-for-superior-quality-and-vivid-colors
  46. https://satoyamainitiative.org/case_studies/iran-agriculture-using-underground-irrigation-canals-in-inland-dry-and-semi-dry-zones/
  47. https://pastoralismjournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/2041-7136-3-11
  48. https://www.ssez.ir/en
  49. https://www.worldfzo.org/Media-center/News-Releases/id/589/the-sirjan-special-economic-zone-is-the-first-specially-protected-zone-in-iran
  50. https://sisco.midhco.com/en/about.html
  51. https://www.marketinsidedata.com/en/port/iran-import-sirjan%2520special%2520economic%2520zone
  52. https://caspianpost.com/iran/iran-s-energy-boom-new-gas-pipelines-and-industrial-megaprojects
  53. https://www.specialeurasia.com/2025/01/22/sirjan-special-economic-zone/
  54. https://x.com/Mojahedineng/status/1896539497699193178
  55. https://www.flightradar24.com/data/airports/syj/routes
  56. https://en.pnu.ac.ir/en-US/DouranPortal/7293/page/Payame-Noor-University
  57. https://sirjantech.ac.ir/about-us/
  58. https://www.unirank.org/ir/uni/islamic-azad-university-sirjan/
  59. https://ana.ir/en/news/540/iranian-iau-researcher-develops-smart-mining-system
  60. https://www.academicjobs.com/employers/islamic-azad-university-kerman/8160/campuses
  61. https://letsgopersian.com/blog/a-guide-to-handwoven-kilims-of-iran/
  62. https://vernacarpets.com/product-category/handmade-carpets/kerman/sirjan-kerman/
  63. https://www.iliagarden.com/news-articles/pistachio-in-the-culture-of-sirjan-people
  64. https://en.mehrnews.com/photo/164559/Pistachio-harvest-in-Sirjan
  65. https://www.visitouriran.com/blog/ashura-and-muharram-rituals-in-iran/
  66. https://www.typicaldish.com/showitem.php?item=sirjan-kerman-iran&lang=en
  67. https://www.facebook.com/iFILMEnglish/posts/a-rare-windcatcher-in-the-iranian-city-of-sirjansirjan-kerman-iranian-windcatche/2058316007652705/
  68. https://iranpress.com/a-great-handicrafts-market-established-in-the-city-of-rugs-sirjan
  69. https://www.toiran.com/en/city-sirjan
  70. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1506/
  71. http://www.visitiran.ir/attraction/chopoghi-wind-catcher
  72. https://tripyar.com/iran/kerman/sirjan/attractions/ancient-and-historical/historical/chopoghi-windcatcher-sirjan.html
  73. https://itto.org/iran/attraction/mir-zobair-tomb-sirjan/
  74. https://jarcs.ut.ac.ir/article_67287.html?lang=en
  75. https://itto.org/iran/attraction/shah-firouz-tomb-sirjan/
  76. https://walkinginiran.com/shah-firouzs-tomb/
  77. https://itto.org/iran/attraction/darvish-khan-stone-garden-sirjan/
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