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Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
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Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
Branch of Government of India
Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology
Map
Ministry overview
Formed5 July 2016
Preceding Ministry
JurisdictionGovernment of India
HeadquartersSanchar Bhawan
New Delhi
28°37′18″N 77°12′50″E / 28.62167°N 77.21389°E / 28.62167; 77.21389
Annual budget₹16,549 crore (US$2.0 billion) (2023-24 est.)[1]
Ministers responsible
Ministry executive
Websitemeity.gov.in
एमईआईटीवाई.सरकार.भारत

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MEITy) is an executive agency of the Union Government of the Republic of India. It was carved out of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology on 19 July 2016 as a standalone ministerial agency responsible for IT policy, strategy and development of the electronics industry. Under the sponsorship of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, the "Northeast Heritage" Web, owned by the Government of India, publishes information on Northeast India, in 5 Indian languages, Assamese, Meitei (Manipuri), Bodo, Khasi and Mizo, in addition to Hindi and English.[3]

History

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Previously known as the "Department of Information Technology", it was renamed as the Department of Electronics and Information Technology in 2012.[4] On 19 July 2016, DeitY was made into full-fledged ministry, which henceforth is known as the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, bifurcating it from the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology.[5]

Organisation structure

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The following is a list of child agencies subordinated within the "Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Union Government of the Republic of India".[6]

To boost and leverage quantum computing potential, ministry has a partnership with Amazon Web Services (AWS). The initiative is said to boost researchers and scientists work on quantum computing and will provide access to Amazon’s Braket cloud-based quantum computing service. The Ministry based on the proposal received and vetted by a steering committee will approve and sanction the set-up of the lab to bolster the quantum computing capability in India.[7]

Child agencies

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Companies under MeitY

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Autonomous Societies of MeitY

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Cabinet Ministers

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Portrait Minister
(Birth-Death)
Constituency 		Term of office Political party Ministry Prime Minister
From To Period
Ravi Shankar Prasad
(born 1954)
Rajya Sabha MP for Bihar, until 2019
MP for Patna Sahib, from 2019 		5 July 2016 30 May 2019 5 years, 2 days Bharatiya Janata Party Modi I Narendra Modi
31 May 2019 7 July 2021 Modi II
Ashwini Vaishnaw
(born 1970)
Rajya Sabha MP for Odisha 		7 July 2021 9 June 2024 4 years, 115 days
10 June 2024 Incumbent Modi III

Ministers of State

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Portrait Minister
(Birth-Death)
Constituency 		Term of office Political party Ministry Prime Minister
From To Period
P. P. Chaudhary
(born 1953)
MP for Pali 		5 July 2016 3 September 2017 1 year, 60 days Bharatiya Janata Party Modi I Narendra Modi
Alphons Kannanthanam
(born 1953)
Rajya Sabha MP for Rajasthan 		3 September 2017 14 May 2018 253 days
S. S. Ahluwalia
(born 1951)
MP for Darjeeling 		14 May 2018 30 May 2019 1 year, 16 days
Sanjay Shamrao Dhotre
(born 1959)
MP for Akola 		31 May 2019 7 July 2021 2 years, 37 days Modi II
Rajeev Chandrasekhar
(born 1964)
Rajya Sabha MP for Karnataka 		7 July 2021 9 June 2024 2 years, 338 days
Jitin Prasada
(born 1973)
MP for Pilibhit 		10 June 2024 Incumbent 1 year, 142 days Modi III

See also

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References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) is a cabinet-rank ministry of the Government of India tasked with formulating and executing policies to advance the electronics manufacturing sector, information technology services, and digital ecosystem nationwide. Established on 27 July 2016 through the bifurcation of the erstwhile Department of Electronics and Information Technology from the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, MeitY operates as a standalone agency headquartered in New Delhi, overseeing regulatory frameworks under statutes such as the Information Technology Act, 2000. Under the leadership of Cabinet Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw as of 2025, the ministry coordinates with attached offices like the India Semiconductor Mission and the National Informatics Centre to drive technological self-reliance and export growth. MeitY's core mandate encompasses promoting domestic electronics production via incentives like the Production Linked Incentive scheme, which has spurred investments exceeding ₹12,000 in semiconductors and generated hundreds of thousands of jobs by mid-2025. It also spearheads digital governance initiatives, including the flagship program launched in 2015, which has integrated over 4,400 government services into unified platforms, expanded broadband infrastructure to rural areas, and facilitated billions of digital transactions through secure e-authentication systems. Key focus areas include cybersecurity enhancements, AI strategy formulation, and e-inclusion efforts to bridge urban-rural divides, with achievements such as the rollout of for paperless document management and pilot digital villages demonstrating scalable models for last-mile service delivery. These efforts have positioned as a global leader in IT exports and software services, contributing to sectoral revenues in the trillions of rupees while addressing vulnerabilities in and dependencies through targeted R&D and international collaborations.

History

Origins and Precursor Departments

The origins of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology lie in the Department of Electronics, established by the in 1970 to foster the growth of electronics and computing sectors amid emerging technological needs. This department, initially placed under the Prime Minister's Office, focused on policy formulation for indigenous electronics development, including hardware manufacturing and early computer applications, responding to recommendations from the Bhabha Committee on electronics importance. By the late 1970s, the Department of Electronics expanded its mandate to encompass nascent initiatives, such as establishing the in 1976 for government informatics support. Responsibilities evolved to include software promotion and , reflecting global shifts toward digital technologies, though it remained a departmental entity without full ministerial status. In October 1999, under Prime Minister , the framework shifted with the creation of the Ministry of , drawing from the electronics department's IT functions to prioritize software exports, policy, and as standalone priorities. This was later subsumed into the Ministry of Communications and , where the Department of handled core IT matters until its 2012 renaming to the Department of Electronics and , integrating electronics hardware promotion more explicitly. These precursors provided the institutional base for electronics-IT convergence, emphasizing self-reliance in technology amid import substitution policies.

Establishment as Full Ministry

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) was established as a full-fledged ministry on 19 July 2016, following a Cabinet decision to bifurcate the Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DeitY) from the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. This separation aimed to provide dedicated focus on electronics manufacturing, information technology policy, and digital infrastructure development, distinct from telecommunications oversight. Prior to this, DeitY had operated as a department since its renaming in 2012 from the Department of Information Technology, which traced origins to the 1999 establishment under Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The bifurcation was driven by the need to accelerate India's digital economy amid global technological shifts, aligning with the Modi government's initiative launched in 2015 to promote , broadband connectivity, and IT exports. , previously Minister of Communications and Information Technology, assumed charge as the first Minister of Electronics and Information Technology, retaining the portfolio until May 2019. This elevation to ministerial status enhanced administrative autonomy, enabling direct Cabinet-level decision-making on policies for semiconductor production, software exports, and cybersecurity frameworks. The restructuring addressed prior inefficiencies where IT and functions were subsumed under broader communications responsibilities, limiting specialized resource allocation. Post-establishment, MeitY inherited key bodies like the (NIC) and the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), positioning it to drive national priorities in AI, data centers, and electronics hardware self-reliance. By 2016, India's IT sector contributed over 8% to GDP, underscoring the strategic imperative for a standalone ministry to sustain growth amid competition from countries like in .

Evolution Post-2016

In the years immediately following its establishment as a standalone ministry in , MeitY prioritized the consolidation and expansion of digital infrastructure under Minister . This period saw intensified implementation of the programme, including the rollout of broadband highways, universal mobile connectivity, and over 250,000 for public internet access by 2019. The ministry also launched the MeitY Startup Hub in 2016 to foster innovation in electronics and IT sectors, alongside the Technology Incubation and Development of Entrepreneurs (TIDE 2.0) scheme approved in May 2019 to support deep-tech startups. A pivotal shift occurred post-2019, driven by global supply chain disruptions from the and geopolitical tensions, redirecting focus towards electronics manufacturing self-reliance. The scheme for mobile phones and IT hardware, initiated in 2020, spurred domestic production growth, with exports rising significantly by 2023. This culminated in the December 2021 launch of the under MeitY, with a ₹76,000 outlay to develop fabrication units, design ecosystems, and compound semiconductors, attracting initial investments like Tata's fab approved in 2024. Under Minister from November 2021, MeitY accelerated integration of emerging technologies, emphasizing AI, , and cybersecurity. The IndiaAI Mission, approved in 2024 with ₹10,000 allocation, established GPU infrastructure and AI centres of excellence to bolster computing capabilities amid India's expansion. Complementary efforts included the National Quantum Mission and SEMICON India programme, positioning MeitY as a driver for high-tech by 2025, with electronics production targets under the National Policy on Electronics 2019 aiming for a $400 billion industry.

Mandate and Responsibilities

Core Policy Objectives

The Ministry of Electronics and (MeitY) primarily aims to formulate and implement policies that promote the sustained growth of the electronics, (IT), and IT-enabled services (ITeS) sectors, positioning as a global hub for these industries. This includes leveraging existing and emerging information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure to meet national demands for digital services, while encouraging domestic manufacturing, exports, and innovation in hardware and software. Core to this objective is the development of a comprehensive encompassing , fabrication, assembly, testing, and packaging of electronics products, as outlined in initiatives like the India Semiconductor Mission launched in 2021. A key policy focus is advancing governance to empower citizens through accessible e-services, restructuring existing schemes for synchronized implementation under programs like , which seeks to integrate connectivity, public , and applications across government levels. MeitY pursues inclusive and sustainable industry expansion by supporting skill development for a technology-proficient and fostering in emerging domains such as , , and cybersecurity, with regulatory frameworks to ensure secure digital ecosystems. Regulatory objectives emphasize balancing promotion with oversight, including policies for data protection, IT resource utilization across government entities, and standards for software exports via entities like , which provide infrastructure and incentives to boost and services. These efforts align with broader goals of through , prioritizing empirical outcomes like increased IT exports—reaching $194 billion in FY 2022-23—and domestic electronics production targets under the Production Linked Incentive scheme.

Regulatory and Promotional Roles

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) exercises regulatory authority over India's information technology sector by administering the , which establishes legal frameworks for electronic governance, digital signatures, cybercrimes, and data protection. This includes enforcing rules on intermediaries, such as platforms and online service providers, through the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021, which mandate content moderation, grievance redressal mechanisms, and reporting of cybersecurity incidents to the (CERT-In). MeitY also formulates national cybersecurity policies under the IT Act, coordinating with other agencies to address threats like data breaches and network vulnerabilities, while excluding direct licensing of internet service providers, which falls under the . In emerging technologies, MeitY has issued advisories to regulate applications, requiring platforms to obtain permissions for untested models, prevent biased or unlawful outputs, and label synthetic content to combat and ; a March 2024 advisory emphasized these measures for significant AI deployments. Recent draft amendments, proposed in October 2024, aim to mandate watermarking and traceability for AI-generated media to ensure authenticity amid rising risks. On data privacy, MeitY oversees implementation of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, developing standardized formats for , notices, and breach reporting as of August 2024. These efforts reflect a "light-touch" regulatory approach prioritizing over blanket prohibitions, as articulated by ministry officials in discussions. Promotional roles center on fostering growth in and IT industries through policy and development. MeitY promotes hardware manufacturing via the Production Linked (PLI) scheme for electronics, launched in 2020, which has approved investments exceeding ₹1.97 (about $23.5 billion) across 16 companies by 2023, aiming to achieve $300 billion in production value by 2026. The Semiconductor Mission, established in 2021 under MeitY, provides fiscal support up to 50% for semiconductor fabrication units and display manufacturing, with initial approvals for three projects totaling $10 billion in investments by mid-2024. In software and services, MeitY supports exports through the (STPI) scheme, which has facilitated over 100 STPI centers and contributed to IT exports reaching $194 billion in FY 2023-24. MeitY drives digital inclusion and innovation by promoting e-governance initiatives like , which integrates services across 1.3 billion citizens via platforms such as and , with over 2.5 billion authenticated transactions recorded in 2023. It also incentivizes research and development through the National Policy on Electronics 2019, targeting 20% value addition in by 2025, and supports startups via the MeitY Startup Hub, funding over 100 ventures in AI and cybersecurity by 2024. These promotional activities emphasize export-oriented growth and , evidenced by India's electronics production rising from $48 billion in 2018 to $101 billion in 2023.

Organizational Structure

Internal Administrative Groups

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) operates through specialized internal administrative groups, also referred to as divisions or wings, which handle policy formulation, coordination, and oversight in electronics, IT, and digital domains. These groups are headed by senior officials such as joint secretaries, additional secretaries, and scientist-grade group coordinators, enabling focused execution of the ministry's mandate. Key groups include the Electronics System and (ESDM) group, which promotes the full lifecycle of electronic products from to and support services to bolster the hardware sector. The Promotion group supports Indian software firms, fosters startups, and aligns academia with industry needs to enhance software exports and innovation. The Digital Governance group drives initiatives to improve accessibility, efficiency, and transparency in government services. Complementing this, the Infrastructure and Governance group develops foundational digital infrastructure and establishes governance frameworks for nationwide . Cybersecurity and legal aspects are addressed by the Cyber Laws Division, which drafts policies and laws to counter cybercrimes and raise awareness, and the Cyber Security Division, which safeguards critical infrastructure and responds to threats in cyberspace. Research-oriented groups encompass the Research and Development (R&D) divisions for electronics, IT, and cybersecurity, funding advanced projects in AI, e-governance, and threat mitigation. The Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Technologies group coordinates policies for adopting cutting-edge technologies. Economic and human resource functions fall under the Digital Economy Division, which shapes policies for , investment attraction, and job creation; the HRD/ group, which builds skilled manpower for IT and ; and the Economic Planning group, focusing on sector-wide growth strategies. The International Cooperation Division manages global partnerships, knowledge exchange, and collaborative efforts on and IT challenges with foreign entities. Additionally, administrative support is provided by groups like Personnel, Societies, and General Administration, overseeing internal operations, library services, and entities such as NICSI. These groups collectively ensure coordinated policy implementation, with leadership roles filled by officials including joint secretaries for (Shri Krishan Kumar Singh as of late 2023) and international cooperation (Shri Sushil Pal), and scientists G for specialized R&D and cyber areas.

Subordinate Offices and Autonomous Bodies

The subordinate offices of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) primarily consist of two attached offices: the (NIC) and the Directorate of Standardisation Testing and Quality Certification (STQC). NIC, established on November 11, 1976, serves as the primary technology partner for the , delivering solutions, network infrastructure, and digital services across central and state governments, with over 3,000 projects implemented as of 2023 supporting more than 36,000 government offices. STQC, founded in 1986 under the Department of Electronics (now MeitY), operates 14 laboratories nationwide to conduct testing, , and for hardware, software, and IT systems, ensuring compliance with national and international standards; it has certified over 10,000 products annually in recent years. Autonomous bodies under MeitY include seven key societies dedicated to research, development, infrastructure, and in electronics, IT, and related fields. These operate with financial and administrative autonomy while aligning with MeitY's policy directives. The Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), set up in 1987 following a national supercomputing initiative, focuses on indigenous , cybersecurity, and software R&D, with 13 centers across employing over 4,000 personnel and generating revenues exceeding ₹1,500 crore in FY 2022-23. The Society for Applied Electronics Engineering and Research (SAMEER), established in 1987, develops RF/ systems, radar technologies, and communication equipment, operating centers in , , , and with projects contributing to defense and civilian applications. Other autonomous bodies encompass the National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT), formed in 1994 through the merger of DOEACC centers, which conducts skill development programs and certifications, training over 2 million candidates annually across 47 centers; (STPI), launched in 1991 to boost software exports, manages 65 parks and incubators supporting over 10,000 units with exports valued at $194 billion in FY 2022-23; ERNET India, initiated in 1986 as an education and research network, provides high-speed connectivity to over 1,500 institutions; (SCL) in , operational since 1983, fabricates VLSI chips and sensors for strategic sectors; and Media Lab Asia, established in 2002, pursues research in and convergence technologies, though with scaled-back operations post-2010.

Public Sector Enterprises and Societies

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology oversees a limited number of enterprises, primarily structured as government-controlled companies focused on IT services and digital initiatives, alongside several autonomous societies dedicated to , development, and promotion in and sectors. These entities operate under the ministry's administrative control to advance national goals in digital infrastructure, innovation, and . Public sector enterprises under MeitY include the National Informatics Centre Services Incorporated (NICSI), established on November 21, 1995, as a Section 25 not-for-profit company wholly owned by the (NIC). NICSI specializes in delivering turnkey IT solutions, system integration, and projects to government departments, achieving a turnover exceeding ₹3,100 crores in FY 2024-25. Another key enterprise is the Digital India Corporation (DIC), incorporated as a Section 8 not-for-profit company by MeitY to spearhead efforts, including national platforms, skill development in digital technologies, and oversight of initiatives like MyGov and the National e-Governance Division (NeGD). DIC focuses on fostering technology-driven solutions for public service delivery and innovation ecosystems. Autonomous societies form the backbone of MeitY's operational framework, functioning as registered entities under the Societies Registration Act to conduct specialized R&D, training, and promotional activities with greater flexibility than traditional bureaucratic structures. The Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), founded in March 1988, serves as MeitY's premier R&D organization for advanced computing, electronics, and associated technologies, developing indigenous supercomputing systems and software tools since its inception to address national computing needs. The (STPI), established in 1991, operates as an S&T society to promote IT/ITES exports, innovation, and entrepreneurship through infrastructure provision, incubation centers, and single-window services for software firms across over 60 locations in . Other notable autonomous societies include the National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT), which conducts training, certification, and R&D in and IT skills, operating multiple institutes nationwide; the (C-DOT), focused on indigenous telecom hardware and since 1984; and the Society for Applied Electronics Engineering and Research (SAMEER), engaged in and RF technology R&D for defense and civilian applications. These societies collectively contribute to MeitY's mandate by bridging with practical , though their performance varies based on and execution, with annual reports indicating contributions to over 1,000 projects via entities like NICSI.

Key Initiatives and Programs

Digital India and E-Governance

The program, administered by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), was launched on 1 2015 by to establish a digitally empowered society and through enhanced , service delivery, and literacy. The initiative rests on three vision components—secure digital as a utility, governance and services on demand, and digital empowerment—and nine pillars, including broadband connectivity highways, universal mobile access, public via , process reforms, electronic delivery of services (e-Kranti), universal access to information, electronics manufacturing promotion, IT sector job creation, and immediate-impact projects. These elements aim to integrate technology into , reducing bureaucratic delays and enabling real-time citizen-government interaction. E-governance efforts under emphasize technology-driven reforms to streamline government operations and deliver services electronically, minimizing physical interfaces and corruption risks. Key platforms include , a unified aggregating over 1,200 central and state services such as bill payments and certificate issuance, and , which has digitized storage for documents like cards and educational certificates, with over 600 million registered users as of 2023. BharatNet, a core broadband pillar, has connected 213,570 gram panchayats to high-speed fiber networks as of July 2024, facilitating rural e-services in health, education, and agriculture. Additionally, the National e-Governance Division (NeGD) achieved pan-India integration of nearly 2,000 services across 36 states and union territories on and e-District platforms by August 2025, enabling seamless access without regional silos. Measurable outcomes include a surge in electronic transactions, with national and state e-governance projects recording 7,329 crore transactions in 2020 alone, alongside expanded digital infrastructure like the National Informatics Centre's (NIC) deployment exceeding 100 petabytes of storage capacity by 2025. Initiatives such as OpenForge promote reuse to curb duplication in projects, fostering cost efficiency and scalability as of December 2024. While penetration metrics vary, wireless broadband subscribers grew substantially, supporting average monthly data usage of 20.27 GB per user by March 2024, up from negligible levels pre-2015, though rural-urban disparities persist in full realization. These developments have enhanced transparency and service reach, evidenced by platforms like the Data initiative hosting over 502,000 resources as of August 2024.

Semiconductor and Hardware Manufacturing

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) spearheads 's efforts to develop a domestic ecosystem through the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM), approved by the Union Cabinet on December 1, 2021, with an outlay of ₹76,000 crore to incentivize fabrication, design, assembly, testing, and packaging capabilities. The mission positions as a global hub for by providing fiscal support, including up to 50% of project costs on a pari-passu basis for fabrication units and compound semiconductors, alongside design-linked incentives covering 4-6% of net sales for eligible IC designs and 50% reimbursement of fabrication costs for prototypes. As of December 2024, four manufacturing units have been approved under the Semicon India Programme, with additional projects sanctioned in August 2025, fostering investments in advanced nodes like 3nm chip design and indigenous 7nm processors. MeitY's initiatives have accelerated talent development and , sanctioning 24 chip design projects and enabling 87 companies to access advanced design tools by October 2025, while partnering with international entities for . Events like SEMICON India 2025, organized under ISM, highlight progress in display manufacturing and chip assembly, emphasizing indigenous R&D to reduce import dependence, which stood at over 95% for semiconductors prior to these efforts. These measures address strategic vulnerabilities exposed by global shortages, prioritizing self-reliance through targeted subsidies rather than broad subsidies that could distort markets. Complementing semiconductors, MeitY promotes hardware via Production Linked Incentive () schemes, including PLI 1.0 for large-scale (launched 2020) offering 4-6% incentives on incremental sales for mobile phones and components over six years, and PLI 2.0 for IT hardware (servers, laptops, tablets) providing 2-4% incentives tapering over four years. By 2025, the IT hardware generated output worth ₹10,015 , with cumulative investments reaching ₹717.13 and production at ₹12,195.84 under PLI 2.0, driving localization of components and deepening. These programs have boosted mobile exports and domestic value addition, though challenges persist in scaling high-end assembly without corresponding upstream maturity.

Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Tech

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) leads India's efforts in (AI) through policy formulation, infrastructure development, and ecosystem building. The National Strategy for , released in June 2018 by in coordination with MeitY, prioritizes AI applications for economic transformation in sectors including , healthcare, , smart mobility, and , aiming to create 10 million new jobs by 2025 while addressing ethical concerns like and . This strategy underscores AI's potential to augment human capabilities rather than replace them, with an emphasis on data-driven decision-making and international collaboration for standards adoption. Building on this foundation, MeitY launched the National AI Portal in September 2020 as a comprehensive repository for AI resources, including datasets, tools, pre-trained models, and use-case studies to facilitate research and deployment across government and industry. The portal supports the National Program on AI, an umbrella initiative under MeitY to integrate transformative technologies for inclusive innovation, with applications in and public service delivery. The IndiaAI Mission, approved by the Union Cabinet in March 2024 with an outlay of ₹10,371.92 over five years, represents MeitY's most ambitious AI endeavor, structured around seven pillars: infrastructure, a national datasets platform, foundational AI model development, sector-specific application pilots, skilling programs targeting 1 million professionals, mechanisms for safe and trusted AI, and dedicated financing for AI startups. Implemented via the IndiaAI Independent Business Division under the Corporation—a MeitY-attached body—the mission allocates ₹4,000 for compute capacity to enable large-scale AI training using indigenous and global GPUs, while promoting open-source datasets from sources to reduce reliance on foreign data. Early outcomes include calls for proposals in January 2025 to develop foundational models trained on India-specific datasets, fostering in AI amid global . In parallel, MeitY's AI and Division coordinates promotion of complementary fields such as , , , , , , and integration with AI. This includes oversight of Centres of Excellence under the (NIC), MeitY's IT services arm, which advance AI, , and data analytics through R&D and pilot projects; for instance, the AI Centre of Excellence focuses on for multilingual applications relevant to India's linguistic diversity. The Technology Incubation and Development of Entrepreneurs (TIDE 2.0) scheme, extended in 2020, provides up to ₹7 per incubator to support over 400 startups annually in AI-driven ICT innovations, emphasizing hardware-software convergence and protection. MeitY has also issued advisories and reports to guide ethical AI deployment, such as the 2021 report recommending a National AI Resource Platform for enriched datasets and the 2023 AI Report assessing ecosystem maturity, which highlighted gaps in domestic chip design for AI accelerators despite progress in software talent pools exceeding 5 million developers. These efforts position to capture a projected $500 billion AI market opportunity by 2025, though implementation challenges persist in scaling compute and ensuring . The Global IndiaAI Summit, hosted by MeitY in 2024, further advanced international partnerships for AI governance standards.

Human Capital and Innovation Support

The Ministry of Electronics and (MeitY) promotes human capital development through targeted skilling initiatives in information technology, software products, , and emerging technologies such as drones, aiming to build a workforce capable of supporting India's . Under the on Software Products (NPSP) adopted in 2019, MeitY seeks to upskill 1,000,000 IT professionals and motivate 100,000 school and college students annually toward careers in software product development, fostering innovation-led growth in the sector. This policy emphasizes creating specialized talent pools via partnerships with educational institutions and industry, including curriculum development for product-oriented skills like and management. MeitY's SwaYaan program, launched as a national capacity-building effort for human resource development in unmanned aircraft systems and drone technology, provides training modules, certification courses, and hands-on labs to equip participants with skills in drone operations, analytics, and . Complementing this, collaborations such as the May 2025 memorandum of understanding with Intel India focus on AI skilling, offering courses in and AI applications to support the IndiaAI Mission's goals of workforce transformation and equitable access to . These efforts prioritize reskilling for high-demand areas, with the IndiaAI initiative allocating resources for global frameworks on AI literacy and employment generation in AI-driven sectors. For innovation support, MeitY operates the MeitY Startup Hub (MSH), a platform that nurtures technology startups through incubation, mentoring, and access to funding, particularly in domains like AI, , and . Key schemes include GENESIS, which provides seed funding and scaling support to discover and grow startups, with a focus on sustaining the ecosystem beyond initial incubation. The SAMRIDH program accelerates by linking startups with industry mentors and infrastructure, while the Digital India-GENESIS fund, budgeted at ₹490 from 2022 to 2027, targets early-stage ventures in Tier-II and Tier-III cities to decentralize . Additionally, MSH partnerships, such as with Meta for XR startups, facilitate creation and market access, contributing to over 1,000 startups supported annually across MeitY's verticals. These programs integrate enhancement with by linking skilling outcomes to startup ecosystems, as seen in the National Program on , which promotes adoption through talent pipelines and R&D incentives. Empirical data from MeitY's reports indicate that such initiatives have boosted enrollment in digital skilling by 25% year-over-year in targeted sectors, though challenges persist in measuring long-term employability impacts due to varying program completion rates.

Leadership and Governance

Cabinet-Level Leadership

The Cabinet-Level Leadership of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) is vested in the Union Cabinet Minister, who directs strategic policies on electronics production, IT services, digital infrastructure, and emerging technologies such as semiconductors and artificial intelligence. This position, part of the Council of Ministers, ensures alignment with national priorities like technological self-reliance under initiatives including "Make in India." As of October 2025, serves as the Cabinet Minister for MeitY, concurrently holding portfolios for Railways and . Vaishnaw, a member from with a background in civil services and corporate management, assumed charge of the and IT responsibilities on 7 2021, following a . He retained the role after the 2024 general elections, taking fresh charge on 11 June 2024. Preceding Vaishnaw, held the cabinet minister position from May 2014 to July 2021, overseeing the ministry's transition from the Department of Electronics and Information Technology to its current form in 2016 and launching programs like . The cabinet minister reports to the and is supported by to the , currently S. Krishnan, IAS. This leadership structure facilitates high-level coordination with other ministries on cross-cutting issues like data protection and cybersecurity.

Ministerial and Secretarial Roles

The Cabinet Minister for and serves as the political head of the Ministry of and (MeitY), overseeing policy formulation, legislative initiatives, and strategic direction in areas such as digital infrastructure, manufacturing, and IT exports. This role involves representing the ministry in Cabinet meetings, parliamentary debates, and international forums on technology governance. has held the position since July 7, 2021, concurrently managing the Ministries of Railways and Communications. A assists the Cabinet Minister by handling delegated responsibilities, including oversight of specific programs like skill development in IT or promotion of startups in emerging technologies. This position ensures operational efficiency and addresses sectoral challenges through targeted interventions. assumed the role of on June 10, 2024, focusing on aspects of commerce and industry integration with and IT sectors. The Secretary, a senior officer, acts as the administrative and executive head of MeitY, providing policy advice, managing budgetary allocations, and coordinating implementation across subordinate offices, autonomous bodies, and enterprises. The Secretary also liaises with state governments and international partners on technical standards and . S. Krishnan has served as Secretary since September 11, 2023, emphasizing innovation in areas like and production.

Achievements and Economic Impact

Contributions to IT Sector Growth

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has significantly bolstered India's IT sector through the establishment and expansion of Software Technology Parks of India (STPI), which provide infrastructure, single-window clearances, tax incentives, and export-oriented certifications to IT/ITES firms. Launched in 1991 and operating under MeitY, STPI has facilitated the growth of software exports, with its registered units achieving over ₹10.59 lakh crore (approximately $110 billion) in FY 2024–25, representing a substantial portion of national IT exports. By 2024, STPI maintained 65 centers across India, with approval for 20 additional ones to extend IT infrastructure to tier-2 and tier-3 cities, thereby decentralizing growth and supporting entrepreneurship in non-metro areas. MeitY's policy frameworks, including export promotion schemes and skill development programs coordinated via its Software Industry Promotion group, have driven measurable expansion in IT revenues and GDP contribution. India's IT-BPM industry, excluding , reached an estimated $283 billion in FY 2024–25, including $224 billion in exports, reflecting a 12.48% year-on-year increase from $199.5 billion in FY 2024. This sector contributed 7.5% to India's GDP in FY 2023, with projections for the overall to surpass $300–350 billion by FY 2026, underpinned by MeitY's efforts in regulatory facilitation and infrastructure enhancement. Employment generation stands as a core outcome, with the IT/ITeS sector employing 5.8 million professionals as of FY 2024, adding 126,000 jobs over the prior year, largely attributable to MeitY-supported incubation and initiatives that align workforce skills with industry demands. These contributions have positioned as a global leader in ICT services exports, second only to at $162 billion in 2023, fostering a self-sustaining of and foreign investment.

Technological Self-Reliance Milestones

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has spearheaded 's push toward technological self-reliance through initiatives like the , launched in 2021 with a ₹76,000 outlay to develop domestic capabilities, including fabrication units, design ecosystems, and assembly/testing . Under ISM, the government approved India's first in by Tata Electronics in partnership with Taiwan's on February 29, 2024, with an investment of ₹91,000 , marking the initial step in reducing import dependence for advanced chips. By August 12, 2025, four additional projects were cleared, including a packaging plant in and a manufacturing unit in , expanding the ecosystem to cover front-end fabrication and back-end processes. In electronics manufacturing, MeitY's Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for large-scale , introduced in 2020, transformed from importing nearly all mobile phones to producing over 300 manufacturing units by March 2025, up from just two in 2014, with domestic production value rising to ₹8.22 crore in FY 2023-24. The PLI for IT hardware, notified in 2021 and expanded as PLI 2.0 in 2023, offers incentives of 1-4% on incremental sales of eligible products like laptops and servers, attracting approvals for 806 applications across sectors by July 2025 and mobilizing $20.3 billion in investments. This has driven a fivefold increase in electronics production and sixfold rise in exports over the past decade, generating 2.5 million jobs while cutting import reliance on components. Key design milestones include the sanctioning of 23 semiconductor chip-design projects under the Design Linked Incentive (DLI) scheme by August 2025, fostering indigenous IP development in areas like processors and compound . In September 2025, at SEMICON India 2025, received 's first made-in- semiconductor chip, the Vikram processor, symbolizing progress in space-grade and general-purpose chip fabrication. Further advancing node technology, Union Minister announced on October 18, 2025, the development of an indigenous 7-nanometer processor under ISM, with full-scale production of the Shakti chip targeted by 2028 to enable self-reliant advanced computing. These efforts align with , though sustained scaling remains critical given global supply chain complexities.

Measurable Outcomes and Global Influence

Under the Ministry of Electronics and (MeitY), India's expanded to constitute 11.74% of national income in 2022-23, with projections estimating a rise to 13.42% by 2024-25, driven by growth in ICT services and initiatives. exports reached $224.4 billion in 2024-25, marking a 12.48% increase from the prior year and underscoring the sector's role in earnings. The (UPI), a cornerstone of , processed 1,867.7 transactions worth over ₹23 in April 2025 alone, facilitating over 50% of global real-time digital payments by volume and enhancing for 97 users nationwide. BharatNet has connected over 2.18 lakh gram panchayats with high-speed , laying nearly 6.92 lakh km of cable as of January 2025, which has boosted rural penetration and supported delivery. In semiconductors, the India Semiconductor Mission and Production-Linked Incentive () schemes have approved projects for fabrication units and assembly facilities, with commitments nearing ₹65,000 under a ₹76,000 outlay, aiming to produce India's first domestically fabricated chips by late 2025 using 28-90 nanometer technology. These efforts have generated direct and indirect employment exceeding 5 million in the and IT sectors, with incentives attracting investments in component manufacturing to reduce import dependence from over 95% to targeted levels. Globally, India's ICT service exports of $162 billion in 2023 positioned it as the second-largest exporter worldwide, trailing only , and contributed to establishing India as a hub for and digital public infrastructure (DPI). UPI's model has influenced international adoption, with integrations in countries like , UAE, and , while MeitY's standards development for emerging technologies positions India to shape global norms in AI and . The export of DPI stacks, including Aadhaar-inspired identity systems, has elevated India's role in discussions on resilience, though outcomes remain contingent on sustained investment amid vulnerabilities.

Criticisms and Controversies

Overreach in Digital Regulation

The Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021, notified by MeitY on February 25, 2021, required significant intermediaries to appoint India-based chief compliance officers, grievance officers, and nodal contact persons within specified timelines, while mandating proactive measures to prevent dissemination of content deemed unlawful under the IT Act, including the ability to trace originators of messages in end-to-end platforms. Critics, including advocates, contended that the traceability requirement constitutes overreach by compelling platforms like to undermine , potentially enabling widespread without judicial oversight, as evidenced by WhatsApp's legal challenge in the arguing it would violate user and force the company to exit . In January 2023, MeitY proposed amendments to these rules introducing a government-designated fact-checking unit under the Press Information Bureau (PIB) to identify "fake, false, or misleading" information related to central government business on social media platforms, with intermediaries required to either remove such content or lose safe harbor protections. The provision was formally notified on March 20, 2024, prompting resistance from platforms like Meta, which disabled the feature to avoid liability, and Google, citing risks to free speech. Opponents, including the Internet Freedom Foundation, labeled it a tool for state-sponsored censorship, granting unelected bureaucrats arbitrary power to define truth and suppress dissent, a concern validated when the Bombay High Court struck down the rule on September 20, 2024, ruling it violated Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution by enabling overbroad government control without safeguards. MeitY has also invoked Section 69A of the IT Act, 2000, to issue blocking orders for online content, with reports documenting over 10,000 URLs blocked between 2013 and 2023, including during politically sensitive events like the 2020-2021 farmer protests and & unrest, where outlets such as The Kashmir Walla were restricted in August 2023. assessments highlight this as contributing to a pattern of targeting critical , with opaque processes lacking transparency or appeal mechanisms, though government defenders assert such actions target threats to and public order rather than . These measures have drawn international for prioritizing regulatory control over , as stakeholders warned in October 2025 consultations on draft amendments that hasty impositions risk a "-prone, surveillance-heavy" stifling digital expression.

Privacy and Surveillance Debates

The Ministry of Electronics and (MeitY) has faced scrutiny over policies perceived to expand state surveillance capabilities under the guise of and . Initiatives such as the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021, mandate platforms to enable of first originators of messages in cases of serious crimes, prompting concerns from privacy advocates that this undermines and facilitates . The rules require intermediaries to share user data with the (CERT-In) upon request, with critics arguing that vague thresholds for "cyber security incidents" could lead to overreach without judicial oversight. Government officials maintain these measures are essential for combating and cyber threats, citing a reported increase in online criminal activity. The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDPA), enacted under MeitY's oversight, has intensified debates by granting broad exemptions to government agencies for purposes including , public order, and security investigations, even when data processing occurs outside . groups contend these exemptions, which bypass consent and data minimization requirements, enable unchecked , as evidenced by the Act's failure to mandate proportionality or independent audits for state access. For instance, the Act allows the executive to notify exemptions without parliamentary scrutiny, raising fears of arbitrary application amid 's history of surveillance tools like the (CMS), which automates interception of data. Proponents, including MeitY, assert that such provisions align with global norms for , necessary given threats like cross-border cyber espionage. MeitY's role in digital infrastructure, including oversight of authentication via the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), has amplified critiques due to mandatory biometric linkages for services, potentially creating a centralized database vulnerable to breaches or misuse. Incidents of data leaks, such as the exposure of over a billion records, underscore risks, though MeitY emphasizes and offline verification safeguards. The 2021 IT Rules further require from intermediaries on Aadhaar-linked services, but draft rules under DPDPA have been faulted for expanding government access without reciprocal , such as weakening Right to Information protections. Empirical analyses indicate that while these frameworks aim to deter misuse, the low evidentiary bar for —mere executive satisfaction of "necessity"—contrasts with stricter judicial standards in jurisdictions like the , potentially eroding user trust in digital ecosystems.

Implementation Failures and Economic Critiques

The Modified Special Incentives Package Scheme (M-SIPS), administered by MeitY to promote electronics manufacturing, experienced significant implementation delays in processing applications and disbursing incentives, with only ₹2,136 disbursed out of ₹36,991 in committed investments as of 2023. Frequent policy alterations under the scheme undermined investor confidence and contributed to suboptimal economic outcomes, as highlighted in the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) audit for the year ended March 2023. The (NKN), a MeitY-led initiative approved in March 2010 with a total cost of ₹6,548.20 crore and extended to March 2024, suffered from poor bandwidth utilization, inadequate monitoring of network links, and enforcement gaps in cybersecurity measures. Lacking a long-term financial sustainability plan beyond government funding, the project raised concerns about its viability for fostering and connectivity, limiting broader economic spillovers in knowledge-driven sectors. The Semiconductor Mission (ISM), established in under MeitY with incentives exceeding $10 billion, has encountered protracted delays in securing technology partners and operationalizing fabrication units, resulting in no major plants functional by late 2025. These setbacks, attributed to policy inconsistencies and slow approvals, have prolonged India's import dependence on semiconductors—estimated at over 90% of needs—hampering goals and exposing the economy to global vulnerabilities. Implementation of has drawn economic critiques for failing to curb rising cyber frauds, with digital arrest scams and related crimes nearly tripling between 2022 and 2024, alongside a 21-fold increase in financial losses. Despite subsidies and infrastructure pushes, persistent data breaches have eroded trust in digital public infrastructure, indirectly stifling adoption and economic productivity in and payments. Delays in operationalizing the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, under MeitY oversight prompted parliamentary scrutiny in 2025, with committees urging a clearer roadmap to address enforcement lags that could hinder secure digital economic transactions. Economists contend these bottlenecks exacerbate compliance costs for businesses, potentially deterring foreign in India's data-driven .

Strategic Outlook

Current Priorities and Reforms

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) under Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw emphasizes self-reliance in semiconductors and electronics manufacturing as a core priority, with approvals under the Semicon India Programme for four units involving investments totaling over ₹1.3 lakh crore, including Tata's fabrication and OSAT facilities, alongside nine SPECS incentive projects worth ₹7,960 crore that have created 15,710 jobs. The Electronics Components Manufacturing Scheme (ECMS), aimed at reducing import dependency, extended its application window until September 30, 2025, to accelerate local supply chain development. These efforts align with the goal of doubling domestic electronic production through Production Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes and events like SEMICON India 2025, scheduled for October 2, 2025, to foster innovation in high-tech devices. Advancing forms another pillar, via the IndiaAI Mission approved in March 2024 with ₹10,000 crore allocation to democratize compute, data, and skills. Key 2025 updates include the launch of the IndiaAI Startups Global program in March to support 10 startups' European expansion and the CATCH grant in August for AI applications in . Initiatives like the AIKosha datasets platform, IndiaAI Compute Portal, and iGOT-AI training platform enhance public sector AI competency, building on the providing 200 petaflops capacity. Regulatory reforms target digital governance and cybersecurity, with amendments to the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021, notified on October 23, 2025, effective November 15, 2025. These changes mandate labeling of AI-generated content, strengthen intermediary for synthetically generated information such as deepfakes, and expand obligations for swift content removal to bolster transparency and accountability. The Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025, invite public feedback to implement frameworks. Cybersecurity priorities include expanding Cyber Surakshit Bharat training and CERT-In's integration of 388 organizations into Cyber Swachhta Kendra. The extension of the Programme continues skill development, having trained over 6.39 crore individuals under PMGDISHA by 2024.

Challenges and Long-Term Goals

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) confronts substantial hurdles in fostering India's digital economy, including heavy reliance on imported components such as printed circuit boards (PCBs) and sensors, which exposes the sector to global disruptions and hinders domestic manufacturing scale-up. This import dependence persists despite initiatives like (PLI) schemes, with projections indicating that electronics production must accelerate to meet targets amid volatile dynamics. Additionally, escalating cybersecurity threats and the proliferation of deepfakes necessitate stringent regulations on AI-generated content, yet proposed amendments to the IT Rules, 2021—such as 36-hour takedown deadlines for —raise concerns over enforcement feasibility and potential chilling effects on free expression, as platforms struggle to distinguish without over-censoring legitimate content. Talent shortages and inadequate R&D further compound these issues, with India's sector facing a skills gap that limits innovation in semiconductors and advanced technologies, despite government efforts to build fabs through incentives. The digital divide exacerbates uneven adoption, particularly in rural areas, where broadband penetration lags urban centers, impeding inclusive growth under the program. Regulatory overreach in has also drawn criticism for prioritizing government directives over balanced oversight, potentially undermining platform trust and investor confidence in a sector vital to GDP contributions. Looking ahead, MeitY's long-term vision emphasizes self-reliance () in electronics and IT, targeting USD 300 billion in production by 2026 and scaling to USD 500 billion by 2030 through sustained PLI investments and ecosystem development. Key priorities include establishing as a global AI leader via the INDIAai Mission, which focuses on compute infrastructure expansion, ethical frameworks, and addressing India-specific challenges like multilingual data processing to democratize technology access. Semiconductor ambitions involve nurturing a full , from design to fabrication, with plans for additional small-scale projects to reduce import vulnerabilities and foster over service exports. Broader goals encompass extending for universal digital governance, integration for secure transactions, and bridging the urban-rural gap to empower sustainable economic transformation.

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